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ADDITIONAL ATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 3
LINEAR LAW
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Page
Contents
3.0 CONCEPT MAP 2
3.5 Answers 30
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CONCEPT MAP
LINEAR LAW
Reducing non-linear
relation to linear form
Lines of best
fit
Determining
values of
constants
Formation of
equation
Obtaining
information
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Example.
Draw the line of best fit for the given graph below.
y
EXERCISE 1
Exercises 1
(a) y (b) y
x x
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Exercises 2
Example 1 Example 2
y
y x (3, 7)
x (3 , 8) x (1, 3)
2 0 x
0 x The equation that can be formed is:
1 Y = mX + c
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Gradient , m = =2
The equation that can be formed is: 3 1
Y = mX + c The straight line also passes through the
82 Point (1, 3)
Gradient , m = =2
30 x Y
Y intercept = 2 Another equation can be formed is,
3 = 2(1) + c
Linear form
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 .c = 1
Therefore, y = 2x + 1 Linear form
y y
a) b)
x (3, 6)
9
.x (8, 1)
0 x
0 1 x
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y y
c) d)
x ( 5 , 2) x (8, 8)
x ( 6,4)
0 7 x 0 x
Example 1 y Example 1 y
X (7, k) x (3, k)
x (2, 4) y = 3x + 4
2 4
x x
42 0
Gradient = =1
20
k4 The straight line also passes through
Therefore, =1
72 the point (3, k)
.k 2 = 5
.k = 7 Another equation that can be formed is
.k = 3(3) + 4
.k = 9 + 4 = 13
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Exercises 3
i) y i) y
X (6, k)
X
x (3, 3) .y = 2x - 3
1 x (k, 3)
0 x
0 x
ii) y ii) y
X (k, 6) y= 6 - x
x (3, k)
x (5, 2)
0 x
0 7 x
iii) y iii)
y
X (8, 8)
X (4, k)
x (6, 4)
.y = x + 2
x (k, 2)
0 x
0 x
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Example 1 Example 1
x2 Non- linear
y = ax + Non- linear a) y = pxq
b
y ax x2 Take log of
= + Divided by x log10 y = log10 (pxq) Both siders
x x xb
y
= a + x
1 log10 y = log10 p + log10 xq
x b Linear form
log10 y = log10 p + qlog10 x
Linear form
Y = c + Xm Y = c m X
Exercises 4
Equation Linear form Y X m c
a) y2 = ax + b
b) y = ax2 + bx
a b
c) = + 1
y x
d) y2 = 5x2 + 3x
5
e) y = 3 x +
x
f) y = abx
4
g) y = 2
(x + b)2
a
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Exercises 5
xy
Example 1 y
a)
X (11, 6) x
x (1, 2) 10
x2
The above figure shows part of a .x (4, 2)
straight line graph drawn to represent the
equation 0 x
. xy = ax2 + b The above figure shows part of a straight
Find the value of a and b line graph drawn to represent the equation
. y = ax2 + bx
Find the value of a and b,
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Gradient , a =
11 1
2
A=
5
2 2
Therefore, xy = x +b
5
Another equation that can be formed is
2
.(1)(2) = (1) 2 + b
5
2 8
b, = 2 - =
5 5
2 8
Hence a = , b=
5 5
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Log y y
b) c) x (3, 6)
x (1, 9)
1
0 1
x
1 The above figure shows part of a straight
.lg x line graph drawn to represent the equation
0
The above figure shows part of a straight .of xy = a + bx
line graph drawn to represent the equation Find the value of a and b,
.of y = axb
Find the value of a and b,
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Construct a table
Determine :
gradient m
Y-intercept c
QUESTIONS
X 2 3 4 5 6
Table
Y 2 9 20 35 54
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SOLUTION
y Linear form
= px + q
x Y = mX + c
Y = mX + c
.x 2 3 4 5 6
.y 2 9 20 35 54
y
x 1 3 5 5 9
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y
x
12
10
x
8
x
6
x
4
x
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 x
-2
-4
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Exercises 6
1. The table below shows some experimental data of two related variable x and y
It is know that x and y are related by an equation in the form
y = ax + bx2 , where. a and b are constants
.x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
.y 7 16 24 24 16 0 -24
.
y
a) Draw the straight line graph of against x
x
b) Hence, use the graph to find the values of a and b
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2. The table below shows some experimental data of two related variable x and y
.x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 1.67 1.9 2.21 2.41 2.65 2.79
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x and y are related by equation y = px2 + qx , where p and q are constants. A straight
y
line is obtained by plotting against x, as show in Diagram below
x
y
x
x (2, 9)
x (6, 1)
0 x
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y
Diagram below shows a straight line graph of against x
x
y
x
x (2, k)
x (h, 3)
a. x
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The variable x and y are related by the equation y = kx4 where k is a constant.
a) Convert the equation y = kx4 to linear form
b) Diagram below shows the straight line obtained by plotting log10 y against log10 x
log10 y
. x (2, h)
(0, 3) x
log10 y
0
Find the value of i) log10 k
ii) h.
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Table 1 shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from on experiment.
Variables x and y are related by the equation y = pkx , where p and k are constants.
x 2 4 6 8 10 12
y 3.16 5.50 9.12 16.22 28.84 46.77
(a) Plot log10 y against x by using scala of 2 cm to 2 units on the x-axis and 2 cm to 0.2
unit on the log 10-axis.
Hence, draw the line of best fit
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Table 1 shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from on experiment.
r
The variables x and y are related by the equation y = px + ,
px
where p and r are constants.
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(0, h)
.x (8, k)
0 x
The above figure shows part of a straight-line graph drawn to represent the equation
6 1
y = - Find the value of h and of k
x 2
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3. The table below shows some experimental data of two related variable x and y
.x 1 2 3 4 5
a) Change the equation to the linear form and hence draw the straight line graph
for values of x and y
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6.0 ANSWERS
Exercises 2 Exercises 3
a) y = -x+9 a) i) k = 5 b) i) k = 3
b) y = 3x 3 ii) k = 1 ii) k = 3
c) y = -x+7 iii) k = 5 iii) k = 6
d) y = 2x - 8
Exercises 4 Exercises 5
Y X m c a) a = 1, b = 2
b) a = 11, b = 8
a) .y 2 x a b c) a = 3 , b = 3
y
b) x a b
x
1 1 b 1 Exercises 5
c)
y x a a
1) a = - 1 , b = 10
y2
d) x 5 3 2) a = 0.5 , b = 2.8
x
e) y x x 3 5
f) lg y x lg b lg a
2 2b
g) y x
a a
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