TOPIC 15D

FIRE FIGHTING: STANDPIPES

R. A. 9514 Fire Code of the
Philippines of 2008
 Fire Code of the Philippines
(R.A. 9514) (PD 1185)
Rule 3: Definition of Terms
Definitions.
1. Dry Standpipe a type of
standpipe system in which the
pipes are not normally filled
with water. Water is
introduced into the system
thru fire service connections
when needed.

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 2. Wet Standpipe is an auxiliary fire line
system with a constant water supply
installed primarily for emergency use by
the occupants of the building.
3. Combination Standpipe is a fire line
system with a constant water supply and
installed for the use of the Fire Service
and the occupants of the building.

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 4. Standpipe System A system of
vertical pipes in a building to which fire
hoses can be attached on each floor,
including a system by which water is
made available to water outlets as
needed.

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 5. Fire Service is an organization or a
component of the Philippine National
Police Bureau of Fire Protection in charge
with the mission of fire prevention and
fire protection.
6. Fire Department House Connection is a
hose connection at grade or street level
for use by the Fire Service only. It is
also known as Fire Service Connection.

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 STANDPIPES
STANDPIPES
The design, installation and maintenance of Standpipe Systems shall be in
accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private
Hydrant and Hose Systems
Classes of Standpipe Systems
a. Class I System:
64mm (2-1/2) hose

b. Class II System:
38mm (1-1/2) hose and within
37 meters of a hose connection

c. Class III System: provided with

hose connections as required for
both Class I and Class II systems.

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STANDPIPE: Class System
A standpipe system shall be any of the
following:
a. Class I System. This system is
provided with 64 mm (2 in.)
hose connections for full-scale
firefighting at the following
designated building locations:
v. At the highest landing of stairways with
stairway access to a roof and on the roof
where stairways do not access the roof.
An additional 64 mm (2 in) hose
connection shall be provided at the
hydraulically most remote riser to facilitate
testing of the system;

i. At each intermediate landing between vi. Where the most remote portion of a
floor levels in every required exit nonsprinklered floor or storey is located in
stairway;
excess of 40 meters of travel distance
ii. On each side of the wall adjacent to the
from a required exit containing or
exit openings of horizontal exits; adjacent to a hose connection, or the
most remote portion of a sprinklered floor
iii. In each exit passageway at the entrance or storey is located in excess of 61 meters
from the building areas into the of travel distance from a required exit
passageway; containing or adjacent to a hose
connection, additional hose connections
iv. In covered mall buildings, at the entrance shall be provided, in approved locations,
to each exit passageway or exit corridor, and where required by the BFP.

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at exterior public entrances to the mall;
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
STANDPIPE: Class System

Class II System. This a hose Class III System. This system

connection provided with 38 mm shall be provided with hose
(1 in.) hose or within thirty connections as required for both
seven meters (37 m) of a hose Class I and Class II systems.
connection system shall be
provided with 38 mm (1 in.)
hose connections for first aid fire
fighting, so that all portions of
each floor level of the building are
within forty meters (40 m) of
provided with less 38 mm (1
in.) hose.
Distances shall be measured
along a path of travel originating
at the hose connection.

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 DRY STANDPIPES
( For Class I System)
Location.
1. There shall be 1 dry standpipe outlet
connection located at every floor level
landing above the first floor (ground floor)
of every required enclosed stairway or
smoke proofed enclosure.
2. No point within a building requiring dry
standpipes shall be more than 40 meters
travel distance from a dry standpipe outlet
connection.
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 Construction.
1. Fittings and connections shall be of
sufficient strength to withstand 300 psi of
water pressure when ready for service.
2. All dry standpipes shall be tested
hydrostatically to withstand not less than
50 psi above the maximum working
pressure.

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 Size of Dry Standpipe.
1. The size of the standpipe shall not be
less than 102 mm (4) in buildings in
which the highest outlet is 23 meters or
less above the Fire Service Connection.
2. The size of the standpipe shall not be
less than 153 mm (6) in buildings in
which the highest outlet is higher than 23
meters above the Fire Service Connection.

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 Outlets of Dry Standpipe.
1. Each standpipe shall be equipped with an
approved 64 mm (21/2)outlet, at a height of
not less than 610 mm nor more than 1220 mm
above the floor level of each storey.
2. All dry standpipes shall be equipped with a 2-
way 64 mm outlet above the roof line of the
building when the roof has a slope of less than
34 percent.

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 Fire Service Connections for the Dry Standpipe.
1. All 102 mm dry standpipe shall be equipped
with a 4-way Fire Service Connection.
2. All Fire Service Connections shall be located on
a street front, not less than 460 mm nor more
than 1220 mm above grade and shall be equipped
with an approved straight way check valve &
substantial plugs or plugs.
3. An approved durable sign with raised letters of
at least 25 mm in height, shall be permanently
attached to all Fire Service street connections.
Such signs shall read DRY STANDPIPE.

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 Dry Standpipe

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 Dry Standpipe

Fire Service Outlet

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 WET STANDPIPE
Wet standpipe system extending from the basement into the topmost
storey shall be required in the following:

Where required.
1. In assembly occupancies with an occupant load of 1000.
2. In educational, institutional, hazardous storage, business &
mercantile, industrial, and hotels & apartment occupancies four or
more stories in height.
3. In hazardous storage, business & mercantile occupancies having
a floor area exceeding 1860 square meters per floor.
4. In theaters, auditoriums and other occupancies where the
occupant load is more than 1000. The outlets shall be located on
each side of any stage, on each side of the rear of the auditorium
and on each side of the balcony.

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 Exceptions from Wet Standpipe

1. Wet standpipes are not required in

buildings equipped throughout with an
approved, supervised sprinkler system.

2. Wet standpipe shall not be required in

basements or cellars equipped with
approved, supervised sprinkler system.

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 Location of Wet Standpipe.
1. Wet standpipe shall be located so that
all portions of the building are within 6
meters of a nozzle attached to a 22 meter
hose.

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 Fire Hydrant

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 Wet Standpipe

Wet standpipe system extending from the

cellar or basement into the topmost
storey shall be required in the following:
a. Assembly occupancies with an
occupant load exceeding one
thousand (1,000);
b. Educational, healthcare and detention
and correctional, business and mercantile,
industrial, and hotels and apartments
occupancies, four or more storeys in
Dry height,
Standpipe: and
Class I System c. Hazardous storage and business and
mercantile occupancies having a floor
area exceeding one thousand eight
Dry standpipes shall be used hundred sixty square meters (1,860 m2)
for Class I system. per floor.

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

 Wet standpipes shall be
WSP located so that all
portions of the buildings
Dry standpipes shall not be
are within six meters (6
concealed in building walls or
m) of a nozzle attached to
built into pilasters. Portions of
twenty two meters (22m)
dry standpipes systems not
of hose.
located within an enclosed
stairway or smokeproof
enclosure shall be protected
by a degree of fire resistance
equal to that required for
vertical enclosures in the
building in which they are
located. DSP

Fire Hose Cabinet (FHC)

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

An approved durable sign with raised letters of
at least twenty five millimeters (25 mm) in The size of the
height shall be permanently attached to all fire standpipes shall
service street connections, cast on a plate or
fitting that reads DRY STANDPIPE. A sign WSP not be less than
indicating the pressure required at the inlets to 64 mm (2 in.)
deliver the system demand shall also be in diameter.
provided.

Fire service connections shall be in

the street side of the buildings, fully
visible and recognizable from the
street or nearest point of fire DSP
apparatus accessibility. And shall be
located and arranged so that hose
lines can be attached to the inlets
without interference from nearby
objects, including buildings, fences,
posts, or other fire service
connections.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
 Each wet standpipe
outlet shall be supplied
with a hose not less
than thirty eight
WSP millimeters (38 mm) in
All buildings with required diameter. Such hose
shall be equipped with
enclosed stairway or an approved variable
smokeproof enclosure shall for nozzle. An approved
have at least one dry hose reel rack or
standpipe outlet connection cabinet shall be
located at every floor provided and shall be
level landing above the first located so as to make
floor of every required the hose accessible.
The hose reel rack or
enclosure. No point
DSP cabinet shall be
within a building, requiring recessed in the wall or
dry standpipes, shall be protected by suitable
more than forty meters cabinet
(40 m) travel distance from a
dry standpoint outlet
connection.

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

Smokeproof Stair Enclosure

PRESSURIZATION technique whereby air is

blown into spaces which are designed to be kept Blower
clear of smoke.

High
Uses barriers including Pressure
walls, floors and doors,
to contain pressurized Low
Pressure
air generated by
mechanical means to
keep smoke away from
protected areas such
as escape staircases
and corridors.

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

 Wet standpipe system
may be supplied from
a sprinkler system only
WSP when in compliance
Fittings and connections with NFPA 13, Standard
shall be of sufficient for the Installation of
strength to withstand Sprinkler System.
300 psi (21 kg/cm2) of
water pressure when
ready for service. All dry
standpipes shall be
tested hydrostatically to
withstand not less than DSP
50 psi (3.5 kg/cm)
above the maximum
working pressure.

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU


All horizontal runs of
dry standpipe systems
shall have a twenty
percent (20%) slope
for the purpose of
draining. Where pipe
traps occur in such
standpipes systems
including fire service
connections, they
shall be provided with
drains. Pipings shall
not pass through
hazardous areas and
shall be located so
that it is protected
from mechanical and
fire damage.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
Fire pumps shall be
approved and shall deliver
not less than the required
fire flow and pressure. Such
pumps shall be supplied
with adequate power source
and shall be automatic in
WSP
operation.
Where the wet standpipe
system is supplied with
water from the domestic
supply of building, approved
fire pumps shall not be
required provided the
domestic pump used delivers
the required fire flow.
DSP
All dry standpipes shall be equipped with a two-way sixty-four millimeters
(64 mm) outlet above the roof line of the building when the roof has a slope
of less than thirty centimeters (30cm) long wrench may be used in connecting
the hose with clearance for the wrench on all sides of the outlet.

Each standpipe shall be equipped with

an approved sixty four millimeters (64
mm) outlet not less than sixty one
centimeters (61 cm) nor more than one
hundred twenty two centimeters (122
cm) above the floor of each storey.

All one hundred two millimeters (102 mm)

dry standpipes shall be equipped with a
four-way fire service connection. All fire
service connections shall be located on a
street front, not less than forty six
centimeters (46 cm) or more than one
hundred twenty two centimeters (122 cm)
above grade and shall be equipped with an
approved straight way check valve and
substantial plugs or caps.
All fire service connections shall be
protected against mechanical injury and
shall be visible and accessible. More than
one fire service connection may be required.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
All interior wet standpipes shall
be equipped with thirty eight
millimeters (38 mm) valve in each
storey, including the basement or
cell roof of the building and
7,950 liters
located not less than ninety one
centimeters (91cm) nor more
than one hundred eighty two
centimeters (182 cm) above the
floor. Pressure or gravity tanks shall have a
capacity sufficient to furnish at least two
hundred sixty five (265) liters of water per
The wet standpipe shall deliver not
minute for thirty (30) minutes. Other such
less than one hundred thirty two
tanks shall be located so as to provide not
liters (132 ) of water per minute
less than one and eight-tenths (1.8)
at not less than one and eight-
kilograms per square centimeter residual
tenths (1.8) kilograms per square
pressure from each of two (2) outlets
centimeter residual pressures from
flowing simultaneously for thirty (30)
each of any two outlets flowing
minutes.
simultaneously for thirty
(30) minutes.

1.8 kg/cm = 26 psi or

176 kPa
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
Combination Standpipe

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Combination Standpipe

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Combination Standpipe

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Fire Extinguisher

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

 Types of Fires
Types of Fires

Class A Class B Class C Class D

Ordinary Flammable Fires Combustible Metals
Combustibles: Liquids & Gases: involving live or Combustible
wood, paper, cloth, gasoline, oils, electrical Metal Alloys
trash and paint lacquer and equipment
other ordinary tar.
materials.

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

Classification, Ratings, and Performance of Fire Extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers
Rating of Fire Extinguishers :
are classified for use on
certain classes of fires
and rated for relative
extinguishing effectiveness
as determined by the
Bureau of Product Standard,
Department of Trade and
Industry.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
4
Class A Extinguishers will put out fires in
ordinary combustibles, such as wood and paper.
The numerical rating for this class of fire
extinguisher refers to the amount of water the fire
extinguisher holds and the amount of fire it will
extinguish
Class B Extinguishers should be used on fires
involving flammable liquids, such as grease,
gasoline, oil, etc. The numerical rating for this
class of fire extinguisher states the approximate
number of square feet of a flammable liquid fire
that a non-expert person can expect to
extinguish
Class C Extinguishers are suitable for use on
electrically energized fires. This class of fire
extinguishers does not have a numerical rating.
The presence of the letter C indicates that the
extinguishing agent is non-conductive
Class D Extinguishers are designed for use on
flammable metals and are often specific for the
type of metal in question. There is no picture
designator for Class D extinguishers. These
extinguishers generally have no rating nor are
they given a multi-purpose rating for use on other
types of fires
 Fire Extinguisher General Requirements
The classification of fire extinguishers
shall consist of a letter that indicates
the class of fire on which a fire
extinguisher has been found to be
effective, preceded by a rating
number (Class A and Class B only) that
indicates the relative extinguishing
effectiveness, except for fire
extinguishers classified for use on
Class C, Class D hazards shall not be
required to have a number preceding
the classification letter.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
The following types of fire extinguishers are
considered obsolete and shall
be removed from service:
a. soda acid
b. chemical foam (excluding film-forming
agents)
c. vaporizing liquid (e.g., carbon tetrachloride)
d. cartridge-operated water
e. cartridge-operated loaded stream
f. copper or brass shell (excluding pump tanks)
joined by soft solder orrivets
Types of Fire Extinguishers

Types of Fire Extinguishers:

Dry Chemical extinguishers are usually rated for multiple purpose use. They
contain an extinguishing agent and use a compressed, non-flammable gas
as a propellant

Halon extinguishers contain a gas that interrupts the chemical reaction that
takes place when fuels burn. These types of extinguishers are often used to
protect valuable electrical equipment since them leave no residue to clean up.
Halon extinguishers have a limited range, usually 1.2 to 1.8 meters. The initial
application of Halon should be made at the base of the fire, even after the
flames have been extinguished

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are most effective on Class B and C

(liquids and electrical) fires. Since the gas disperses quickly, these
extinguishers are only effective from 1.0 to 2.4 feet. The carbon dioxide is
stored as a compressed liquid in the extinguisher; as it expands, it cools the
surrounding air. The cooling will often cause ice to form around the horn
where the gas is expelled from the extinguisher. Since the fire could re-ignite,
continue to apply the agent even after the fire appears to be out
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
Selection of Fire Extinguishers by Hazard

a. Fire extinguishers shall be selected for the Rooms or areas shall be classified
Classes of hazards to be generally as:
protected.
i. Fire extinguishers for protecting Class A light (low) hazard,
hazards shall be selected from the following:
i.a. Water type ordinary (moderate) hazard, or
i.b. Multipurpose dry chemical type
i.c. Wet chemical type extra (high) hazard.

ii. Fire extinguishers for protection of Class B Limited areas of greater or lesser
hazard shall be selected from the following: hazard shall be protected as required.
ii.a. Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
ii.b. Film-forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP)
ii.c. Carbon dioxide
ii.d. Dry chemical type

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

Size and Placement of Fire Extinguishers (R.A. 9514)

Fire Extinguishers for Different Types of Class A Hazard

Type of Minimum Extinguisher Maximum Travel Maximum Area (open

Hazard Rating Distance to area) per Extinguisher
Extinguisher
Low 2-A 15 meters 200 square meters
Moderate 3A 12 meters 100 square meters
High 4-A 10 meters 75 square meters

Fire Extinguishers for Different Types of Class B Hazard

Type of Hazard Minimum Extinguisher Maximum Travel Maximum Area (open

Rating Distance to Extinguisher area) per Extinguisher
Low 5B 10 meters 200 square meters
Moderate 10 B 10 meters 100 square meters
High 40 B 10 meters 75 square meters

DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU

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