2- Blood Vessels

a)Arteries. b) Veins. C)
Blood Capillaries

1-A Comparison between arteries and veins :-

Points of Arteries Veins
comparis (they emerge from
on the heart)
Thicknes They are thick They are thin
s:- blood vessels. blood vessels.

Function: They carry the They carry the

- blood from heart to blood from all the
all the body parts. body parts to the
heart.
Type of All of them carry All of them carry
blood blood rich in blood rich in
oxygen except the carbon dioxide
pulmonary artery except the
wich carries the pulmonary veins
blood rich in carbon wich carry blood
dioxide. rich in oxygen.
Example *Aorta & pulmonary *Pulmonary
s:- artery. veins,superior &
inferior vena cava.
 c- Blood capillaries:-
Definition:- They are network of tiny blood
vessels with thin walls.
Location:- They are located within tissue and
around cells.

Function:- Connecting the ends of arteries

and the beginnings of veins.

2-Delicering food and oxygen to

the cells and carrying carbon
dioxide and wastes (G.R) DUE TO
its with thin walls
 3 -The blood
*it consists of :-
Points of Red White Blood Plasma
comparis blood blood platelets
on cells cells
Definition They are They are They are A yellow
s:- cells white small watery
without cells with cells fluid in
nuclei different fragment wich all
forms of s. the blood
nuclei. compone
nts are
suspende
d.
Function:- 1)They They They help 1)IT
carry defend in carries
oxygen the body coagulati the food
from against on of to the
lungs to microbes blood and body
all body by help cells.
cells. attacking healing 2)It
2)They them. wounds carries
carry the
carbon wastes
dioxide from the
from all cells to
the body get ride of
cells to them
the two
lungs.
*Blood circulation.

*Blood circulation :- its the path of blood

throughout the body.

*Steps of blood circulation :-

1- superior and inferior vena cava deliver blood rich in

carbon dioxide gas from all over the body parts to the RIGHT
ATRIUM.

2-The value will let the blood to flow to the right ventricle
and it will not let it go back.
 3-The right ventricle contracts pumping the blood into the
pulmonary artery wich deliver the blood to the two lungs.

4-Alveoli in the two lungs exchange gases it takes carbon

dioxide and give the blood oxygen gas.

5-Pulmonary veins deliver the blood rich in oxygen to the left

atrium.

6-The valve will let the blood to flow into the left ventricle.

7-The left ventricle contracts pumping the blood rich In

oxygen into aorta wich deliver the blood to all the body cells.

*The minor ( pulmonary ) blood circulation : -

Its the blood circulation between the heart and the two
lungs.

*The major ( systemic ) blood circulation :-

Its the blood circulation between the heart and all the
parts of the body.

*How to keep your circulatory system healthy

:-
1-Keep exercising to strength the heart muscle.
2-Eat healthy food that is low fats and salts.

3-Eat fresh & clean vegetables & fruits.

4-Drink a suitable of water every day.

5-Avoid accidents.

6-When you are wounded try to stop bleeding and clean the
wound and treat it.

7-Avoid smoking and smokers (G.R):-

-Because smoking harms the heart and weakens the blood

circulation.

*Give a reason:-
1-Soils difer in compactness according to their types.

2-The water level in the clay soil is higher than the water
level in sand soil.


3-The clay soil is poorly aerated.

4-The silt soil has the highest fertility.

5-The sand soil is less fertile.

6-The silt soil is most suitable soil for cultivation.

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Lesson (3)
Soil pollution and protection
*Pollution :- its any change is the environmental that
disturb its natural balance.
*Soil pollution :- its any change in the soil that disturb
its natural balance and harms its living organisms
*Soil pollution is caused by :-
a) Human wrong activities
b) Soil pollutants.
-( G.R ) Soil pollutants are harmful
Because it causes :-
a)Reducing the ability of the soil for cultivation.
b)The death of plants.
c)Harming the health of animals and humans.