Bio 3 Ms

Mark Scheme Summer 2009
GCE
GCE08 Biology (8BI01)

International Supplement
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Summer 2009
Publications Code US021143
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i 8BI01
International supplement
Contents
Unit Name page
6BI07 Practical Biology and Research Skills 1
ii 8BI01
6BI07/01
Practical Biology and Research Skills
Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a)(i) same {amount / volume /eq} of pigment / same

surface area / number of cells on surface / eq ; (1)

Number
1(a)(ii) temperature ; (1)

Number
1(a)(iii) colorimeter (or description) ;
Then any two from

shake before measurement
use of appropriate colour filter
zeroing against blank
clean cuvettes
wiping cuvettes
transparent side REJECT smooth side
measure absorbance / transmission
enough liquid to allow light go through ;;
OR
comparison of colour ;
Then any two from

with {known / chart / standard} samples
comparing tubes by looking down and adding
water until same and measurement is depth
convert to numerical ;; (3)
1 8BI01
Number
1(a)(iv) Any two from:
1. volume of water (in the boiling tube) ;

2. suitable method e.g. measuring cylinder,
pipette / eq ;
3. reference to rinsing ;
4. until clear / for fixed time for all ;
5. similar {variety / density / eq} of beetroot ;

6. method to ensure same variety e.g. same
beetroot ;
7. pre-treatment e.g. storage ;

8. detail of above ;
9. (use same) part of beetroot / eq ; max

10. detail e.g. cut from middle, peeling ; (4)

Number
1(b)(i) working ;
answer (0.69) ; (2)

Number
1(b)(ii) 1. axes correct (x = temperature, y = degree of

redness) with appropriate scale ;
2. axes correctly labelled, with units (C and

arbitrary (or abs)) ;
3. correct plotting ;
4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points

accurately ruled ; (4)
2 8BI01
Number
1(b)(iii) Description
1. 0-10/20 C falls ;
2. 10/20 to 40 C flat / varies little ;
3. above 40 (50) to 60 C (steep) rise ;
4. above 60 C falls / levels off ; sub-max (3)
Explanation
1. freezing / condensation effect at low
temperature explained ;
2. correct reference to effect of temperature on

membrane permeability ;
3. correct reference to effect of temperature on

membrane component ;
4. {all / as much} pigment as possible gone at

60 C / idea of high temperature destroys
pigment / eq ; sub-max (3)
max
(5)
3 8BI01
Number
2(a)(i) Any two of:
1. pre-implantation screening (of embryos) to

select healthy embryos / eq ;
2. (foetal) screening, followed by abortions / eq ;
3. (adult) screening, followed by voluntary /

statutory ban on marriage / reproduction, max
between carriers / eq ; (2)

Number
2(a)(ii) Any two appropriate ethical implications;;
For example:
invasive procedure
elimination / disposal / storage of unused
embryos / right to life
eugenics / designer babies / discrimination
who should have access
high cost
(false positives)
distress - abortion not justified
distress - worry about baby / not having
children when not a problem
distress about abortion that was not needed
(false negatives)
shock of diseased baby born
(2)
false confidence
4 8BI01
Number
2(b)(i) 1. correct parental genotypes ;
2. correct gametes ;
3. Tay-Sachs genotype highlighted ;
4. any line 3 7 ;
5. ref to inheritance of Tay-Sachs (in Abshire) ; (5)

Number
2(b)(ii) 1. axes correct and labelled with units ;
2. appropriate scale ;
3. plotting ; (3)

Number
2(b)(iii) Diagram A
1. most people have definite opinions ({few / only
2%} not sure, no response % low) ;
2. the idea that {a majority / most} think

somebody has a right to know /eq ;
Diagram B
3. more think that medical practitioners should
know than think commercial insurers should
ACCEPT converse ;
4. more people are unsure / no response / eq

about medical practitioners knowing than
about commercial insurers ;
5. anywhere within lines 55 and 65 ; (5)
5 8BI01
Number
2(b)(iv) Credit any two appropriate questions ;;
For example
what research is being done on treatments for
TSD
what is gene therapy
what progress on gene therapy (in relation to
named diseases)
is it available (sub-max 2)
internet search engine / scientific journals /

magazines / reference to specialist library /
reference to relevant experts / eq ; (1)
max
(3)
6 8BI01
Further copies of this publication are available from
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Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
Order Code US021143 Summer 2009
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Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH
7 8BI01
Mark Scheme (Results)
June 2010
GCE
GCE Biology (6BI07/01)

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the
world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational,
occupational and specific programmes for employers.
Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcels centres receive the support they
need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.
For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844
576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com.
If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that
require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service
helpful.
Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated
Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037
Summer 2010
Edexcel Ltd 2010
General Marking Guidance
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be

rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme

should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.
Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order
to make the meaning clear
select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above
abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC)
in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
6BI07_01
1006
GENERAL INFORMATION
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point
Indicates that credit should be given for other correct
eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
Standardisation meeting
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives
/ oblique
to each other
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives
{} curly brackets (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid
confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of
() round brackets
the marking point but are not required to award the point
Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance
[] square brackets
for examiners
[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error
Crossed out work
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If
the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or
part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
Spelling and clarity
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not
subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the
question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the
essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous
e.g. for amylase, ammalase is acceptable whereas amylose is not
e.g. for glycogen, glicojen is acceptable whereas glucagen is not
e.g. for ileum, illeum is acceptable whereas ilium is not
e.g. for mitosis, mytosis is acceptable whereas meitosis is not
candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer
gains no mark irrelevant material should be ignored
6BI07_01
1006
Number
1(a)(i)
1. temperature ;
2. 55 oC ;
3. pH ;
4. >7-14 ;
5. size of film / thickness of gelatine ;

6. appropriate reference to linear dimension /
area / no greater than 5 x 5 (cm) / not >
2mm (thickness) ;
7. volume of enzymes /eq ; max

8. >=5<100 ml ; (4)

Number
1(a)(ii)
Allow appropriate reference to risk and method of
reduction.
1. respiration / breathing problems / eq ;

2. use coated enzymes / eq / wear mask ;
3. possible skin reaction to enzyme /eq ;

4. wear gloves / wash with copious water /
wash bench down / dry up spills ;
5. getting enzyme into blood through cut ;

6. wear plaster / gloves ;
7. high level of alkali damages skin / eyes ;

8. gloves / goggles as appropriate ;
9. reference to enzyme damage to eyes ; max

10. wear goggles / eq ; (4)

Number
1(b)(i)
236 ; (1)
Number
1(b)(ii)
1. axes correct (x-[Savinase], y- 1 time*1000) ;
2. axes labelled with units for x axis ;
3. correct plotting (7 points including origin) ;
4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points drawn

with straight edge ; (4)

Number
1(b)(iii)
1. as concentration goes up , rate (accept in this
case (ecf) / 1 (mean) time *1000, goes up) /
eq ;
2. ref to increase in number of active sites / eq

;
3. above 2% concentration (or their graphs

suggestion (ecf) of E, higher concentrations,
have no effect on rate / reaches plateau at
2% (or suitable from their graph) ;
max
4. substrate concentration limiting / eq ; (3)

Number
1(b)(iv)
1. reference to wide range / variability of data ;
2. greater reliability for data at {1% / 4% / 5%} /

eq ;
3. reference to more data needed for 1.5% to

allow better assessment of reliability ;
max
4. reference to outliers / anomalies ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
1(b)(v)
1. reference to (idea of) best concentration
to use (ignore value) ;
2. reference to no improvement above this

concentration ;
3. enzyme costs money ;
4. reference to reduced cost effectiveness at max

higher concentrations ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(a)(i)
title should refer to columns 1 and 2 ; (1)

Number
2(a)(ii)
1. check for any bias of sponsor (e.g. funding
source) ;
2. check for credentials of contributor ;
3. reference to cross check with another source

;
max
4. reference to evidence of peer reviewing ; (2)

Number
2(a)(iii)
1. no does not / eq ;
2. (because) numbers generally rise over

time / eq ;
3. (but) numbers do rise (much) in 1990s /

fall 1994 to 1996 ; (3)

Number
2(b)(i)
No mark for type of visual chosen
1. any diagram which depicts (roughly) correct

proportions ;
2. bar or histogram should have axes labelled /

pie chart needs title and percentages in the
segments ;
3. pie has key to what segments are or directly

labelled; bar / histogram has key or bars max
labelled on axis ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(b)(ii)
1. yes they would ;
2. as they think habitat loss is considered most

important reason for species loss ;
3. (lines 30-39) discuss (better) spending of money

on this ;
4. majority would NOT agree with points made in

these lines about hunting (accept converse max
answer) ; (3)

Number
2(c)
1. need to add IUCN red list reference to book /
website / address / url ; just IUCN
2. date, 1996 ;
3. Wikipedia article url / address / title of

article ; just Wikipedia
4. date site visites ;
5. IUCN leaflet ; just IUCN

6. date 2008 ;
7. reference to title of newspaper / journal with

household questionnaire ;
8. some detail included, date, institution(s), max
author(s) ; (4)

Number
2(d)(i)
1. Economic ;
2. about possible uses of money in conservation

of different types / eq ; (2)
6BI07_01
1006
Number
2(d)(ii)
(Cannot have same ref. as (d)(i))
First mark for implication and line reference

Next two marks for reasons
e.g.
1. ethical, lines 47-48 ;

2. ethics of keeping animals in zoos ;
3. cage environment ;
4. ethical, lines 38-39 ;

5. ethics of hunting animals ;
6. (wrong if) for ornaments, dubious
medications, trophies etc / might lead to
extinction ;
7. social, lines 49-54 ;

8. part of this (social) is education ;
9. teaching, awareness ;
10. environmental, lines 30-31 ;

11. correct reference to appropriate habitat ; max
12. as only place organisms can properly exist ; (3)
6BI07_01
1006
Fax 01623 450481

6BI07_01
1006
January 2010
GCE

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this
Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find
our Ask The Expert email service helpful.
Alternately, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on

our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037
January 2010
Edexcel Ltd 2010
1001
6BI07
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiners and revised, together with the
relevant questions, by a panel of senior examiners and subject teachers. The schemes are
further amended at the Standardisation meetings attended by all examiners. The
Standardisation meeting ensures as far as possible that the mark scheme covers the
candidates' actual responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies
it in the same way.
The schemes in this document are the final mark schemes used by the examiners in this
examination and include the amendments made at the meeting. They do not include any
details of the discussions that took place in the meeting, nor do they include all of the
possible alternative answers or equivalent statements that were considered to be worthy
of credit.
It is emphasised that these mark schemes are working documents that apply to these
papers in this examination. Every effort is made to ensure a consistent approach to
marking from one examination to another but each marking point has to be judged in the
context of the candidates' responses and in relation to the other questions in the paper. It
should not be assumed that future mark schemes will adopt exactly the same marking
points as this one.
Edexcel cannot under any circumstances discuss or comment informally on the marking
of individual scripts. Any enquiries about the marks awarded to individual candidates
can be dealt with only through the official Enquiry about Results procedure.
1001
6BI07
GENERAL INFORMATION

eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work

If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be
ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work
for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.

No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for
the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be
unambiguous
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of

an answer gains no mark irrelevant material should be ignored
1001
6BI07
Number
1(a)(i) 1. weigh fixed / known amount plant ;
2. measured/known volume of ethanol / known

concentration of ethanol ;
3. shake / leave for known / stated time ;
4. standardised crushing method ;
5. separation / filtration /eq ;
6. use same part of plant / same strain / variety of maximum

the plant ; (2)

Number
1(a)(ii) 1. description of plate pouring / eq ;
2. description of bacteria spreading / or putting

bacteria into molten agar and swirl / mix / eq ;
3. description of how garlic extract added (well,

filter paper) / eq ;
4. incubate (at stated temperature, <35) / eq ;
5. (incubate) {for appropriate time 1-3 days / upside

down} / eq ;
6. credit description of aseptic precaution e.g.

flaming neck of bacteria bottle / swabbing bench
at beginning / sterilising {loop /spreader} / using
(lit) Bunsen (flame) at back/ eq ;
7. any reference to reducing biohazard described

e.g. pipette in disinfectant / autoclave used eqpt.
/ swabbing bench at end / appropriate taping of maximum
lid (i.e. not all round)/ eq ; (5)
1001
6BI07
Number
1(a)(iii) 1. graph paper tracing / {mean / average} diameter

/ eq ;
2. count squares / calculate area / eq ;

maximum
3. subtract area of {well / paper} / eq ; (2)

Number
1(b)(i) 1. axes correct (x-garlic extract, y-diameter) ;
2. axes labelled with units ;
3. correct plotting with sensible scale ;
4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points

accurately ruled ; (4)

Number
1(b)(ii) 1. increasing concentration increases antibacterial

effect / eq ;
2. no effect 25 and below /positive correlation 50

above / eq ; (2)

Number
1(c)(i) 25 ; (1)
1001
6BI07
Number
1(c)(ii) 1. garlic better than both tetracycline and

streptomycin / converse / eq ;
2. {not quite as good as / similar to}

chloramphenicol / converse / eq ;
maximum
3. credit correct figure manipulation / eq ; (2)

Number
1(d) 1. correct ref to clear zone size related to

judgement on validity ;
2. correct ref to relatedness of onion to garlic ; (2)
1001
6BI07
Number
2(a)(i) 1. potential substance identified / eq ;
2. trial on a small group of people/ eq ;
3. larger group / eq ;
4. dosage refined / ref to near death incident ;
5. publication of treatise / eq ;
6. any ref to specific material in passage e.g. how

substance identified / numbers in large trial maximum
(163)) ; (4)

Number
2(a)(ii) 1. more expensive / eq ;
2. large numbers / long time / animal testing / legal

costs / equipment qualified ; (2)

Number
2(a)(iii) Similarity
1. discovery / testing on people/ small to start with/

scale up / careful recording of results,
publication/ finding effective dosage / similar
response to safety issues / monitoring patients /
need for replication ;
2. appropriate comments for both protocols ;
Difference
3. animal tests / large scale synthesis / placebo,

double blind trials / sample size ;
4. appropriate comments for both protocols ; (4)
1001
6BI07
Number
2(b)(i) 1. people who take statins have muscle problems ;
2. MP1 qualified e.g. named one/ relative incidence

of different ones / wide range of problems / most /
57% of people have muscle problems ;
3. raised cholesterol causes increased CVD /

correlation / converse / eq ;
4. v low ch increase death rate from all causes/ eq ;
5. v high ch increase death rate from all causes / eq ;
6. but not so with all mortality / low and high

cholesterol leads to increased total mortality / eq ;
7. lowering cholesterol (too much) is an overall risk in

men ;
8. from v low to medium cholesterol increase risk of

death from CVD / eq ;
9. from v high to medium cholesterol increases risk of

death from CVD /eq ;
10. ref to in men in relation to fig 2 and/or ref to in maximum

women in relation to fig 3 ; (6)
1001
6BI07
Number
2(b)(ii)
1. ref to other side effects of statins (than muscle
problems) ;
2. data for {other age / children} ;
3. other causes of CVD / other factors in graph 2 / eq

;
4. data on women to do with having babies etc ;
5. ref to comparative cost of treatment vs

consequences ;
6. data on effect of cholesterol on named conditions

(other than CVD) ;
sub-max 2
7. gender of people with muscle problems ; (for 1-7)
8. search engine ;
sub-max 1
9. library qualified / journal qualified ;
(for 8-9)
maximum
(3)

Number
2(b)(iii) drug company websites / sites related to scientists

(e.g. their own / institution where they
work/worked) who have big stake in the
cholesterol hypothesis / government sites where
promoting this hypothesis / any appropriately
explained alternative / website or other source
saying things without refs ; (1)
1001
6BI07
Fax 01623 450481
Order Code US022648 January 2010

1001
6BI07
January 2011
GCE

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that
require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service
helpful.
Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated
Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037
January 2011

Edexcel Ltd 2011
6BI07_01
1101
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

for omissions.




limited.

Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.

write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order
to make the meaning clear
select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above
abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC)
in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
6BI07_01
1101
GENERAL INFORMATION

Eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If
the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or
part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the
essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer
gains no mark irrelevant material should be ignored
6BI07_01
1101
Number
1(a)(i)
A axes correct (x - mineral, y - shoot, root) ;
L axes correctly labeled, and with units (mg) ;
P correct plotting ;
check y-axis for sensible scale, if not; no plotting mark
no mark if no key or roots/shoots parts not obvious
S bar chart ; (Reject stacked bar graph for this mark)
(NOTES: Maximum 3 marks for line of any kind (4)

Roots vs shoots = 0)

Number
1(a)(ii)
207 x 9 ;
1863 (mg) ;
Note:
2 marks for correct answer
1 mark for incorrect answer but correct working (2)
6BI07_01
1101
Number
1(a)(iii)
1. {total / shoot / root / all eq} dry mass(es)
less than all minerals (once only);
Magnesium:
2. credit comparative use of figures e.g. root

growth down by 110 mg / shoot growth down by 157
mg / total growth down by 167 mg ;
3. reference to needed to make chlorophyll ;
4. reference to effect on photosynthesis ;
Nitrate:
5. credit comparative use of figures e.g. root

growth down by 64 mg / shoot growth down by 94
mg / total growth down by 158 mg / eq ;
6. reference to needed for amino acids / protein

/ DNA / chlorophyll ;
max
7. reference to effect on {metabolism / (6)
growth / eq} ;

Number
1(b)(i)
idea that any differences between seedling masses
later were caused by the treatment they received
and not innate differences at start /
to make it valid / allow valid comparison (idea) ;
(1)
NOTE: (I) reference to fair test / accurate / reliable

Number
1(b)(ii)
the deficient mineral / solution(s) eq ; (1)
(reject nutrients)
6BI07_01
1101
Number
1(b)(iii) Any two from the following pairs
1. light intensity / wavelength ;

2. light bank / eq / use same bulb ;
3. temperature ;
4. environment chamber / some sensible
suggestion about the lab / room /sensible
use water bath ;
5. carbon dioxide level / eq ;

6. {cylinder/ enclosed chamber} / eq ;
7. humidity / eq ;
8. reference to enclosed chamber ;
9. wind speed ;
10. reference to {enclosed chamber / fan} ;
11. {source / variety / age / ref genes} of seed /

eq ;
12. from same packet / (parent) plant / eq ;
13. pH (of mineral solution) ;

14. Use buffer ;
15. Same concentration ((I) amount / volume) of

all other minerals / minerals not omitted ;
16. Use same concentration as in complete max
solution each time ; (4)

Number
1(b)(iv)
1. remove water by placing in oven for sensible
time (24 hours or so / at sensible temp
(100C or so) / eq ;
2. until constant mass idea ;

(2)
NOTE (I) Filter paper, evaporation
6BI07_01
1101
Number
2(a)(i) Graph A:
1. 9-12 18 ;
2. this is where rise in global carbon dioxide is
mentioned ;
Graph B:
3. 2-3 / 51
4. mentions increasing acidity in oceans ;
OR
5. 7-12 / 45-46
6. mentions fall in pH ;
OR
7. 9; max
8. increase in hydrogen ions / eq ; (4)

Number
2(a)(ii) Graph A:
1. does not support the statement / eq ;
2. idea that this is atmospheric CO2 not ocean CO2 ;
Graph B:
3. supports this statement because the pH is

decreasing / eq ;
4. does not support this statement because

{there is a lot of variation / only one ocean } / eq ;
Both graphs:
5. a rise in carbon dioxide is correlated with a

fall in pH / eq ;
max
6. but one might not be cause of other / eq ; (4)
6BI07_01
1101
Number
2(b)
Social:
Line 30 ;
Loss of homes/ lives ;
Economic:
Lines 25-30 ;
Loss of revenue {from tourism / because of loss max
of corals} / loss of jobs ; (2)

Number
2(c)(i)
(78/6 = )13 ; (1)

Number
2(c)(ii)
1. bar graph ;
2. Y = wave energy and X = year ;
3. plot the means ;
4. plot error bars / SD / range bars; max

(2)
NOTE: Allow line graph

Number
2(c)(iii)
wave energy increases with time / eq ;
idea that extent of change increases rate of change

(about) constant / correct manipulation of figures to
compare change between years (NOT reefs) (2)
6BI07_01
1101
Number
2(c)(iv)
1. increased (coastal) erosion / flooding ;
2. loss of home ;
3. loss of human life / fall in human population;
4. loss of infrastructure /suitable example ;
5. habitat loss ;
6. loss of beaches / tourism ;
7. idea of food chain / web effect ;
8. idea of fall in population / migration of a

species ;
9. fall in animal / plant population / extinction max

/ migration ; (2)

Number
2(c)(v)
limited data on which it is based /
limited knowledge of the interaction of waves and reefs/
not enough computer power /
trend might change due to other variables /
trend might have been different in past due to other

variables
reference to reliability /of model in sensible context ; (1)
6BI07_01
1101
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June 2011
GCE Biology (6BI07) Paper 01

Practical Biology and Research (WA)
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GENERAL INFORMATION

Eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in
the Standardisation meeting
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are
/ oblique
alternatives to each other
confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding
() round brackets of the marking point but are not required to award the
point
Words inside square brackets are instructions or
[] square brackets
guidance for examiners
Crossed out work
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be
ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for
that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for
the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be
unambiguous
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an

answer gains no mark irrelevant material should be ignored
Number
1(a)(i)
cross sectional area of fibre / eq ; (1)

Number
1(a)(ii)
force to break fibre / tensile strength / eq ; (1)

Number
1(a)(iii)
1. length of fibre ;
2. suitable measuring device so all the same ;
3. cross-sectional area / diameter / radius /

thickness of fibre ;
4. select after measuring with micrometer / eq;
5. humidity ;
6. chamber with suitable solution, which could just

be water, to keep them all the same ;
7. temperature ;
8. {chamber / water bath} kept at {stated / fixed}

temperature ;
9. soaking time ;
10. use of stopclock for {stated / same} time ;
11. nature of fibre / eq ;
12. same {species / plant / location in plant/ age /

eq ; (4)
Number
1(b)(i)
A axes correct (x sodium hydroxide, y - mean tensile
strength) ;
L axes correctly labeled, and with units (MPa and %) ;
S line joining points accurately ruled ; (4)

Number
1(b)(ii)
1. increase in tensile strength with increase in
[NaOH] / eq ;
2. reaches a maximum at 0.16% NaOH / rises until

[NaOH] reaches 0.16% / falls after 0.16% / eq ;
3. greatest increase between {0.08% / 0.04%} and

0.16 %/ eq ;
4. Correct manipulation of figures to support the

points made in MPt 3 (3)

Number
1(c)(i)
Similarities
1. both have {maxima / eq}/ both show increase

of (tensile strength) to 0.16% NaOH / eq ;
Differences
2. increase steeper for sisal / ([NaOH]) causing

maxima (hemp at 0.24 %, sisal 0.16) / size of
maxima (hemp 1074 MPa, sisal 820 MPa) / at
any [NaOH] hemp greater (tensile strength)
than sisal/eq ; (2)
Number
1 (c)(ii)
1. reliability is {not good / poor / eq} because SDs
are {high / eq} ;
2. manipulation of SD figures to support MPt 1 ;
3. the size of standard deviation shows a lot of

variability / idea that different sized SDs exist
and indicate different levels of reliability / eq ;
4. there are thirty replicates thus {good / eq}

estimate of the reliability / eq ;
Max 2 for
5. reference to possible overlap / reference to no mark points
overlap; 1-4
6. reference to confidence that there is an effect (3)

(where no overlap of SDs) / no {significant / eq}
effect (where there is overlap) / eq;

Number
1(c)(iii)
1. hemp ;
2. (hemp) has higher maximum (tensile) strength

/ eq ;
3. use of figures (e.g. hemp maximum 1074-820 (=

254 MPa) greater OR hemp 1074/820 = 1.3 times
as strong at maximum ; (2)
Number
2(a)
1. white blood cells abnormal / eq ;
2. increase risk of infection / disease / eq ;
3. cancer spreads affecting other {organs /

processes} / eq ;
4. reduce number of platelets in the body / eq ;
5. reduce blood clotting / eq ;
6. reduce red blood cells / eq ;
7. causes anaemia / eq ;
8. comment on economic effect ;
9. comment on social effects (e.g. specific

effects children) ; (3)

Number
2(b)(i)
1. reference to 1950-{1990-2000} and (relative)
survival rate / eq ;
2. reference to ALL and AML ; (2)

Number
2(b)(ii)
1. after line 51-54 ;
2. this is where rates of survival are mentioned ; (2)

Number
2(c) Any two pairs of marks
Allow any correct implication and line number and a
second mark for an appropriate explanation.
1. economic, e.g. anywhere in lines 24-33 ;

2. lack of remuneration to source countries for
products like periwinkle / eq ;
3. environmental, e.g. lines 3-5 ;

4. loss of rainforest and thus useful species / eq ;
5. OR, e.g. lines 32-34;
6. loss of global biodiversity ;
7. ethical/social e.g. anywhere in lines 24-33 ;

8. as economic but written in terms of the
ethical or social implications of using species from
regions without remuneration / eq ;
9. social, e.g. lines 62-63 ;

10. {cure / treatments} for childhood disease /
eq ;
11. OR, e.g. lines 52-54 ;

12. Survival rates rising ; (4)

Number
2(d)(i)
1. all survival rates have gone up ;
2. credit manipulated use of data ;
3. comment on {this assumes that this trend will

continue / may not continue / reach a
maximum} ; (3)

Number
2(d)(ii)
1. present as a bar graph, with axes disease
type and survival rate ;
2. {two bar graphs / paired bars} for 1950 and

2010 / bars for each disease for each year ; (2)
Number
2(e)(i)
1. dates / times websites accessed ;
2. specific detail of website {e.g. hyperlinks to

websites / url / eq / author} / eq ;
3. reference to addition of suitable non-web (2)

resource ;

Number
2(e)(ii)
1. quotes relevant content of stated line
number ;
2. gives reason for or nature of reference

needed ; (2)
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January 2012
GCE Biology (6BI07) Paper 3B

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would like to speak to the Science subject specialist).
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students at: www.pearson.com/uk
January 2012
Pearson Education Ltd 2012
GENERAL INFORMATION

Eq alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
/ oblique
to each other
confusion
() round brackets
[] square brackets
for examiners
Crossed out work
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the
candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question
should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently.
The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning
from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the
synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer gains no
mark irrelevant material should be ignored
Q.No. Answer Mark
1(a)(i) 1. heating time / eq ;
2. cooling time / eq ;
3. concentration of DCPIP / eq ; (2)
Q.No. Answer Mark

1(a)(ii) 1. named variable e.g. volume DCPIP / {/type /
source / age / eq} of orange juice ;
2. means of controlled described e.g. {suitable

measuring device named / use same orange /
orange juice carton} ; (2)
Q.No. Answer Mark

1(b)(i) 1. 35.7 5;
2. 7.1 ;
(2)
correct answer only, gains 2 marks
Q.No. Answer Mark

1(b)(ii) A axes correct (x-temp, y- titre /) ;
L axes labelled with units ;
S suitable line of best fit / line joining points drawn with

straight edge ;
SD standard deviation plotted as bars above and below ;

(5)
Q.No. Answer Mark

1(b)(iii) 1. as temperature increases vitamin C decreases / eq ;
2. credit manipulation of data ;

(2)
Q.No. Answer Mark
1(b)(iv) 1. idea that {SD / range} measures reliability / eq ;
2. SDs low / eq, therefore reliability high / eq OR

replicated results similar at each temperature / eq ;
3. SDs differ at various temps, therefore so does reliability

;
4. 20, 23 and 50 (any 2) same reliability ;
5. and more reliable than 40/30 / eq ;
6. 30 least reliable / eq ;
7. comment on anomalous data / eq ; (2)
Q.No. Mark
1(c)(i) 1. both (sets of data) show loss on heating / eq ;
2. all the vegetables show similar loss which is less than

hers/eq ;
3. credit comparative manipulation of data to support ; (3)
Q.No. Mark
1(c)(ii)
Any two from:
1. cooking temp / eq ;
2. cooking time / eq ;
3. cooking method / eq ;
4. source of fruit or vegetable / eq ;
5. comment on juice compared with whole extract ;

(2)
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(a) use of stem cells to {treat diseases / in medicine} / ethics
in the {use /source of} stem cells / eq ; (1)
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(b) A;
because it will describe how the work is done / eq ; (2)

Q.No. Answer Mark
2(c) One of the following advantages ;
1. ref to controlled environment e.g. less likely to be

{damaged / infected / eq } ;
2. reference to long term storage / avoiding extinction ;
3. reference to {educational / research / fund raising} ;
One of the following disadvantages ;
4. idea that it affects the gene pool (of ex situ stock) ;
5. reference cost of maintaining stock ;
6. does not solve real problem (habitat loss / eq) / eq ; (2)

Q.No. Answer Mark
2(d)(i) 1. (Using source A) this would not support the
statement / eq ;
2. (Using source A) (because) its a survey of the

general population / there is no evidence from
religious groups / eq ;
3. (Using Souce B) dont know what % is therefore not

much use / eq ;
4. If makes an assumption about what it is a

percentage of, credit correct conclusion from that
assumption ;
5. (Using source B) only considers one religious group

/ catholics / eq ;
6. (Using source B) catholics compared with non-

catholics, who still might be religious people / eq ;
7. (Using source B) there is {no / little} difference

between the two groups / eq ;
8. (Using sources A and B) there is {no / little}

difference between general population, Catholics,
non-Catholics / eq ;
9. use of comparative figures ;
10. We have no idea of sample size in either study/ We

have no idea of variability of estimates/ We cannot
say anything about reliability / eq ; (4)
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(d)(ii) 1. Appropriate type of chart / graph ;
2. detail of chart / graph ;
3. relevant information selected ; (3)
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(e)(i) economic ;
(1)
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(e)(ii) 13 ;
(1)
Q.No. Answer Mark
2(e)(iii) 1. increase cost in short term /eq ;
2. because money spent on trialling stem cell

therapies / eq ;
3. reduce the cost in long term / eq ;
4. because benefits easily come by / eq ;

(3)
5. so other (expensive) research not needed / eq ;
Q.No. Answer Mark

2(f)(i) 1. (Jiang, Dennis, The Stem Cells That Promise
No Miracles) the journal of young investigators
;
2. 18 (3) 2008 ;
(2)
Q. No. Answer Mark

2(f)(ii) idea of adding in missing references from material
used e.g. URL economic ref / URL ref to research on
morality/ ref to Kew paper ; (1)
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Summer 2012

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Our website subject pages hold useful resources, support material and live feeds from our
subject advisors giving you access to a portal of information. If you have any subject
specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you
may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful.
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Summer 2012
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.

rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according

to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.


answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.

scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be
consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has

replaced it with an alternative response.
Number
1(a)(i)
1. idea of (transparent / eq) so heart visible ;
2. {easily obtainable / cheap / abundant} /

eq ;
3. idea that Daphnia {well studied / model (2)

organism} ;
4. Daphnia are easy to manipulate / eq ;

Number
1(a)(ii)
1. {simple nervous system / invertebrate} so
reduced awareness of pain /eq ;
2. (transparent so) no need for dissection /eq ;
3. abundant in nature so no threat to it or its

dependent species (food chains) / eq ;
4. bred for fish food will thus die anyway / eq ;
5. may be clones therefore no loss of genetic

variation / eq ;
(2)
6. animal welfare argument e.g. cannot give
consent / may feel pain / eq ;

Number
1(a)(iii)
1. idea that lactic acid concentration is only
variable / to avoid changes in heart rate
due to temperature changes (rather than
[lactate]) ;
2. high enough to ensure good level of activity /

not denature enzymes / habitat temperature of (2)
Daphnia / easy to maintain 25 C / eq ;
Number
1(a)(iv) Any two paired points:
1. some feature of Daphnia (age / size /sex / eq)

;
2. measure/ref to source of fleas / reference to
some feature to assess sex (e.g. brood
chamber) ;
3. reference to {pre-treatment / acclimatisation /

recovery time / eq} ; (2)
4. detail of {pre-treatment / acclimatisation /
recovery time / eq} given ;

Number
1(b)(i) 1. 457 3 / 152.3 ;
2. 152 ;
correct answer only, gains 2 marks (2)

Number
1(b)(ii) A axes correct (x-[lactic acid] , y- bpm) ;
F axes labelled with units ;
L suitable line of best fit / line joining points

drawn with straight edge ;
S standard deviation accurately plotted as bars

above and below ; (5)

Number
1(b)(iii) 1. increase in lactic acid concentration causes fall
in heart rate / eq ;
2. low pH has an effect on enzymes / slows down (2)

/ inhibits muscle contraction ;
Number
1(c) 1. Idea that more lactic acid lowers pH
2. these data show that lowering pH depresses

heart rate in rats as in Daphnia / eq ;
3. published in peer-reviewed journal therefore

validity is likely to be good ;
4. but rat is vertebrate / (many) differences (in

physiology) between rat and Daphnia / eq ;
(3)
5. rat heart is isolated, Daphnia whole organism /
eq ;
Number
treatment of pain / effectiveness of acupuncture
2(a) / acupuncture as an alternative treatment / eq ;
(1)

Number
1. bar graph(s) / pie charts ;
2(b)
2. bar graph-clear indication of y axis (eg.
percentage ; (2)
pie chart-correct explanation of how wedges
derived / sketches of pies look right ;

Number
2(c)(i) the following points in the correct order:
1. Loh (et al /and others) 1984 / eq ;
2. Neurology, Neurosurgery and

Psychiatry (Vol.) 47 pages 333-337 ;
3. Correct order as above ;

Max
(2)

Number
2(c)(ii) 1. reference missing from bibliography /
eq ;
2. paragraph 7: Ernst G, Strzyz H and

Hagmeister H in 2003 entitled the
'Incidence of adverse effects during
acupuncture therapy-a multicentre survey'
;
(1)
3. reference in bibliography not used in text /
eq ;
4. Dowson, Lewith, and Machin / eq ;

Number
2(d) 1. all peer reviewed journal publications
so valid in this respect /eq ;
2. BUT not all in agreement in their

conclusions so maybe not so valid in (2)
some cases / eq ;
3. Comment on factor invalidating study

Number
2(e) 1. bigger sample size / eq ;
2. use of matched populations;
3. using people who have not come from failed
drug treatment / eq ;
4. longer term study ;
5. more objective method of measurement of (2)
improvement needed ;
1. 6. double blind stated / explained ;

Number
2(f) 1. idea that economic arguments does not
support the use of acupuncture ;
2. elaboration of reason for cost (e.g. training,
time
to {treat / number of treatments / / eq} of
acupuncture
3. there are conflicting ideas about cost compared
to drugs / eq ;
4. evidence to support MP 3 {para 8 says cheaper
due to reduction of cost of drugs, para 11 and/or
1. 12 say more expensive};
(3)
Number
2(g)(i) 1. not effective with reason;
2. effective with reason ;
3. additional evidence for MP 1 ;
4. additional evidence for MP 2
5. comment on subjectivity of
methodology ;
(3)

Number
2(g)(ii) 1. idea that {drugs / medication} are the
alternative (to acupuncture for pain
relief) / eq ;
2. (paragraph 4) discusses
effectiveness drugs ;
3. (paragraph 9) looks at risks of drugs/

eq ;
(3)
4. (paragraph 10) (drugs) take less time ;
5. (paragraph 11 and 12) (drugs) costs

less ;

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January 2013

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occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information, please
call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our
qualifications website at www.edexcel.com.
For information about our BTEC qualifications, please call 0844 576 0026, or visit our
website at www.btec.co.uk.
If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help
of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful.

Alternatively, you can contact our Science Subject Advisor directly by sending an
email to ScienceSubjectAdvisor@EdexcelExperts.co.uk .
You can also telephone 0844 576 0037 to speak to a member of our subject advisor
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you would like to speak to the Science subject specialist).

Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in
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been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in
100 languages, we have built an international reputation for raising achievement
January 2013

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
for omissions.
limited.
Question Answer Comments Mark
Number
1(a)(i) percentage of explants {showing IGNORE mean
growth / forming calluses} / dry NO mark if another incorrect
mass of calluses ; variable given (1)

Number
1(a)(ii) glucose {concentration / NOT mass, amount
percentage / stated units e.g. g
per dm3, g dm-3 , g l-1} ; (1)

Number
1(a)(iii) 1. idea of concentration of ALLOW Mp1 in control
{mineral salt / auxin / cytokinin description
/ eq} ; IGNORE ref. to carbon
2. reference to same {mass / eq} dioxide, oxygen, volume
of chemical ;
3. idea of adding to known volume
of {water / medium / eq } ;
OR
1. temperature (of incubation) ;

2. water bath / incubator / eq ;
3. sensible temperature value
e.g.15-30 oC ; 2.ACCEPT thermostatically
OR controlled room e.g. air
conditioned room.
1. light ;
2. idea of same light source e.g.
light bulb ;
3. idea of how same intensity /
wavelength obtained e.g same
distance, same wattage, same
filter ;
OR
1. pH ;
2. use a buffer / eq ;
3. idea of buffer content or
appropriate pH e.g. 6 to 8 ;
OR
1. humidity / eq ;
2. idea of closed container used ;
3. idea of reduces evaporation ;
(3)
Number
1(b)(i) A axes correct (x glucose
concentration, y mean dry
mass);
L axes correctly labelled, and with

units (% and mg) ; NB two P marks extrapolation
to 0, 0 loses one P mark
P correct plotting ;;
bar chart gets max 3 loses
S line joining points accurately ruled one P mark and the S mark (5)
;

Number
1(b)(ii)
1. idea that an increase causes a 1. ACCEPT ref. to a peak at
rise to {4% / a mass of 175 4%, 175 mg
mg} ;
2. idea that further increase

causes a fall ;
3. credit correct manipulation of

figures e.g. rises by 153 mg,
falls by 73 mg, steepest rise is
92 mg (from 2% to 3%), 4% is
7.95 / 8 times more than 1% ; (3)

Number
1(b)(iii) 1. idea that SD indicates reliability
;
2. idea of that (all) these results

are reliable ; 3. ACCEPT converse
3. idea that a small SD means

better reliability ;
4. idea that SDs do not overlap ; (3)

Number
1(b)(iv) 1. idea that an increase causes a
rise to 3% ;
2. idea that further increase causes

a fall ; (2)

Number
1 (b)(v) 1. appropriate comment on the
number of explants becoming calluses ;
2. appropriate comment on the

rate of growth of calluses ;
(2)
Number
2(a)(i) Where relevant must be
Advantages higher/bigger etc. e.g.
Maximum of three from the following would not allow no
agrochemicals but less is OK
1. idea of crops resistant to (disease
/ pests / insects / eq} ;
2. idea of survive adverse abiotic

factors e.g. drought, weather ;
3. less use of chemicals e.g. agro-

chemicals, pesticides, insecticides
;
4. saves money ;
5. idea of reducing soil erosion / eq

; ACCEPT desertification
6. idea of bigger yields ;
ACCEPT productivity
7. improved nutritional value ;
8. might help with food shortage /

NOT just increasing
reduce famine/ make
economy
LEDCs more {self sufficient /
economically stable};
Disadvantages
Maximum of three from the following
9. escape of (resistant / eq) genes / 9. ACCEPT hybridisation

alleles ;
10.expense (especially to LEDC

farmers) of seeds ;
11.loss of beneficial insects / birds /

eq ;
12. idea of damage due to increased (4)

use of glyphosphate ;

Number
2(a)(ii) paragraph {11 / 12} / at the end;
(1)
Number
2(a)(iii) 1. 76.68 ; ACCEPT correct answer

with no working for 2
2. 6 = 12.78 ;
2. ALLOW CE (2)

Number
2(a)(iv) 1. idea of yields two types of maize ACCEPT all six regions
grown in Spain ; listed as alternative to
Spain
2. bar chart / bar graph ;
3. idea of two identifiable,

comparable bars for {each region
/all regions} ; 3. must be able to identify
type of maize and the
4. mean yield and units identified region if 6 regions used
on sketch / eq ; (4)

Number
2(b) Can give credit for relevant
1. reduce agro-chemical use / eq ; points wherever they occur
2. idea of reduced impact on
environment described e.g. non-
target organisms survive, less
pesticide in food chains ;
3 and 4 ALLOW reverse
3. idea of use of GM reduces need argument for non-GM
for{cleansing soil / fallow fields}
; 4. ACCEPT reduces loss of
4. idea of reduces {erosion / loss} soil flora / fauna
of soil (when fields fallow);
5. idea of escape of {GM/ resistant

/ eq} genes into wild population ;
6. idea of consequences on 6. e.g. idea of producing a
organisms in the ecosystem ; resistant weed / unwanted
plant, reject hybridisation
7. idea of toxin present in GM crop on its own
gets into food chain;
8. effect on food chain described
e.g. loss of beneficial insects /
detail (ladybirds /lacewings /
birds) ; (4)
Number
2(c)(i)
1. paragraph {3 / 4 } ;
2. refers to {gene / DNA /

genetic material} transfer ;
3. ACCEPT reference to
3. idea of physical means e.g. vectorless methods (3)
gene gun, electroporation ;

Number
2(c)(ii) Authors in either order
1. authors, date, title and Reiss, M. and Straughan, R.
publisher (and Cambridge) Date (1996).
only present ; Title Ethics, Morality, and
Crop Biotechnology
Publisher Cambridge
2. correct order of at least 3 of University Press,
the 4 elements above information
; 2 IGNORE omissions and
additional information
ALLOW CE from above (2)

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Mark Scheme Results
Summer 2013
GCE Biology INTERNATIONAL

(6BI07) Paper 01
Unit 3: PRAC.BIOL.& RESEARCH(WA)

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can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk
Summer 2013

last.
limited.
consulted.
Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands
of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:
i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and

grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose
and to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist
vocabulary when appropriate
Using the Mark Scheme
Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or
inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and
knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be
worthy of credit.
The mark scheme gives examiners:

an idea of the types of response expected
how individual marks are to be awarded
the total mark for each question
examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.
/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected
answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a
later part of the same question.
Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give
credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.

write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear
select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude
others.
Question
Answer Mark
Number
(1)
1(a) C; Computer
Marked
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(b)(i) If all four labelled correctly but one

extra M = 1 Mark
two extra M = 0 Marks
All 4 for 2 marks ;

2 or 3 for 1 mark ;
0 or 1 zero marks ; (2)
Graduate
Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(b)(ii)
A ;
(1)
Graduate
Question
Number
1(b)(iii) chromosomes separated / chromosomes V shape / eq ; at the opposite ends / poles

pulled apart / split to two sides
Accept chromatids
Ignore centromeres (1)
Graduate
Question
Number
1(c)(i) (ethanoic / acetic) orcein / toluidine (blue) / methylene blue / Accept phonetic spelling
Schiffs reagent / Giemsa /Feulgen stain / acetocarmine ; (1)
Graduate
Question
Number
1(c)(ii) Correct answer gets all three marks 1 Accept 4 or 5
1. number of mitotic cells = 6 ; 2 4 / 5 84
2. 6 84 ; 3 (for 4) = 4.76 / 4.8

(for 5) = 5.95 / 6.0
3. = 7.14 / 7.1 (%) ;
Accept Mps 2 and 3 if number other
than 4/5/6 divided by 84 to get
correct percentage.
e.g. 78 to give 92.86 / 92.9 (3)
Expert
Question
Number
1(d)(i) A axes correct orientation and appropriate scale (x distance from If bar graph accept Mp A, L, P and E
tip, y mitotic index) ; A. Accept identified interrupted
scale but this stops them from
L axes correctly labeled, and with units (mm and %) ; answering (d)(ii) correctly
S line of best fit ; S. Not if extrapolation towards Y

axis
E SDs plotted correctly ; Must have at least one point but
no more than 3 points on either side (5)
of the line Expert
Question
Number
1(d)(ii) answer within range 1.3 to 1.5 (mm) ; (1)

Expert
Question
Number
1 (d)(iii) mitotic index decreases with increasing distance / eq ; Accept negative relationship /
inversely proportional (1)
Graduate
Question
Number
1(d)(iv) 1. Idea that because there is a (large / small) difference in the

means (linked to the relevant pair) ;
0.5 and 0.9
2. credit use of SD data and ref to no overlap ;
0.3 and 0.5
3. credit recognition of fact that some figures for 0.3 mm are

the same as some for 0.5 mm (namely 8.9) or very close ;
4. credit use of SD data and ref to do overlap;
For either
5. credit manipulation of figures to calculate upper and lower

limits e.g. (0.5 mm lower limit 7.5, 0.9 mm upper limit 4.3,
0.3 mm lower limit 8.3 , 0.5 mm upper limit 8.5 / OR
comment on 0.8 SD ; (4)
Expert
Question
Number
Each row correct for one mark
2(a)(i)
Feature HBOCs RBCs
Onset of oxygen less than a day /
carriage action immediate / eq ; Accept {quicker / faster / less time}
than RBC
Risk of disease none /

transmission (virtually)
eliminates /sterile
manufacture / eq ;
Duration of
oxygen carriage 3-4 days, (up to) 3
action in body months /
eq ;
Viscosity low(er) / less high(er) /
more / eq
;
Shelf life
(4)
Expert
Question
Number
2(a)(ii) 1. risk of death from heart attack / eq ;
2. risk of renal failure / eq ;
3. cost / eq ;
4. use in bloodless medicine / eq ;
5. immune response / cross-matching / side effects / eq ; 5. Accept reference to antigens
6. storage (temperature) / eq ; 6. Accept refrigeration (2)

Graduate
Question
Number
2(b)(i) 1. line graph ;
2. x-axis pp oxygen, y-axis oxygen concentration ;
3. identified (line / bar) for plasma lower than perflubron and

increasing to the right; (3)
Expert
Question
Number
2(b)(ii) 1. paragraph {8 / 9} ;
2. idea that Perflubron is better than plasma for carrying 2. ignore word for word quotes from
oxygen ; the passage
3. highest is 4x, lowest is 2.6x ; 3. when mp3 awarded also gets mp6
4. so supports 2-3 times as much ; 4. this mp more likely to be awarded

if para. 9 chosen
5. Does not support 20 x in para. 8 ;
6. manipulation of data (e.g. division of oxygen concentration mp 2, 4 and 5 we need idea that data
in Perflubron by oxygen concentration in plasma) ; supports or does not support what the
passage says. (4)
Expert
Question
Number
2(c) 1. paragraph 1 ; Marking point 3 and 6 could be

awarded in the issue section
2. issue - talks about seeking less costly / more reliable
sources / ORA ;
3. add. Info idea that cost likely to rise because of 3. accept any specific transfusion cost
donation supply shortfalls /
OR
4. paragraph 7 ;
5. issue idea that Hb is needed in huge amounts ;
6. add. Info- how much does it cost {to get this Hb? /make
the HBOCs} ; (3)
Expert
Question
Number
2(d)(i) 1. all elements, including all authors for reference 1 present ; 1. Accept in any order and all
authors without initials
Not if words: in the journal, issue,
pages, vol or by included
2. correct order e.g. author, year in brackets, title, journal,
volume, issue in brackets, page number ; 2. Ignore words listed above
Allow single initial for author and
using first names as family name
2 marks for
{Zou, S., Musavi, F., Notari, E.P. and

Fang, C.T / Zou, S. et al} (2007)
Changing age distribution of the blood
donor population in the United States.
Transfusion 48(2), 251-257 (2)
Graduate
Question
Number
2(d)(ii) reference 2, A mark for each of two missing items

1. missing items - pages , issue number, vol. ;; in context of reference chosen
OR Apply list rule to deal with the
reference 3, inclusion of items that are present
2. missing items - article title, issue number ;;
OR
reference 4,
3. missing items article title, volume, (end) page number (2)
;; Graduate

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Summer 2014
IAL Biology (WBI03)

Paper 01
Unit 3: Practical Biology and Research

Skills
Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the worlds leading learning company. We provide a wide range of
qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our
qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk for our BTEC qualifications.
Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.
If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you can speak
directly to the subject team at Pearson.
Their contact details can be found on this link:
www.edexcel.com/teachingservices.
You can also use our online Ask the Expert service at www.edexcel.com/ask. You will need an Edexcel username and password to
access this service.
Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people,
wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100
languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through
innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk
Summer 2014
Publications Code IA038150
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as
they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the team
leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
Using the Mark Scheme
Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or
inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and
knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be
worthy of credit.
The mark scheme gives examiners:

an idea of the types of response expected
how individual marks are to be awarded
the total mark for each question
examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.
/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected
answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a
later part of the same question.
Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give
credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.
write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear
select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude
others.
Question
Number
1(a)(i) (type of ) solvent / eq ; IGNORE extract
NOT or amount, concentration of
solvent
ALLOW the solvents used,
different solvent(s) used (1)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii) 1. (DV is) diameter of {zone of inhibition / clear zone} ; NOT area but ALLOW Mp 2 if
method of obtaining area is
2. use of {callipers / ruler} to obtain {nearest described e.g. use a mm grid or
millimetre / Vernier / multiple measurements } of use 2
diameter ; (2)
Question
Number
1(a)(iii) 1. temperature (of incubation) ; 1. ACCEPT for growth of bacteria
2. incubator {set at specific temperature (25 to 40C) / 2. ACCEPT oven / room if

thermostatically controlled} / eq ; qualified with idea of set
temperature,
OR NOT water bath of any sort
3. pH of {agar / eq};
4. by using a buffer / stated pH ; 4. ACCEPT pH 6to 8
OR
5. same {mass / source} of leaves used ; 5. NOT amount
IGNORE concentration of extract
6. balance with detail e.g. accuracy, no. of places,
zeroing, stated mass OR from {same plant / eq} ;
OR
7. volume of {solvent / extract} ; 7. IGNORE concentration of
extract
8. pipette with detail of use / graduated NOT amount
measuring cylinder / stated volume ;
OR
9. same {size / thickness / material / eq} filter
paper disc ;
10. ref. hole punch / choice of material to use 10. max 10mm
/ stated appropriate diameter ;
OR
11. standard extraction method e.g. same time ;
12. explanation of how this achieved e.g. grind for

2 mins ; (2)
Question
Number
1(b)(i) A bar chart ; A. IGNORE plots of the control
L axes correctly labeled as L. NOT if bars labelled A, B and C

x-axis has bars identified as water and unqualified
solvent A,B,C
y-axis mean diameter of {zone of inhibition / ZI}
(with) mm ;
P correct plotting ; P. IGNORE plots of SD
S suitable scale ; S. ACCEPT if y-axis has a

discontinuity line
ACCEPT origin starting at
1 or 2 (4)
Question
Number
1(b)(ii) 1. data is reliable / eq ; IGNORE comments comparing
size of SDs
2. SDs {small / eq} ;
(2)
Question
Number
1(b)(iii) 1. solvent A because it has the largest {zone of inhibition /
diameter / eq} ;
2. idea thus the bacteria are killed or inhibited ;
3. comparative manipulation of the data to support this ;

11.9/2.1=5.67 x or 5.7x
11.9/5.8 = 2.05x or 2.1x
11.9-2.1 = 9.8 mm
11.9-5.8 =6.1 mm
(3)
Question
Number
1(c) 1. idea that best solvent is still Solvent A ; NB care when refers to 3 bacteria
unless compares to previous
investigation or S. typhii
2. worst is {water / water and Solvent B} 2. ACCEPT water and solvent C

OR still little difference between the other three ; have same mean diameter
for S. aeruginosa (2)
Question
Number
1 (d) ACCEPT converse
Advantages
1. Senna is cheap / eq ;
2. Idea that bacteria have not developed resistance to Senna /

eq ;
3. idea of good availability of Senna ; 3. ACCEPT easier to obtain
Disadvantages
4. Senna is {less effective / smaller diameter / eq} than 4. ACCEPT Ofloxacin has better
Ofloxacin / eq ; results than senna
5. Senna not been through clinical trials / eq ;
6. there may be side effects / eq ; (4)

Question
Number
2(a) 1. idea of decline in numbers of bees because of mites ;
(1)
Question
Number
2(b)(i) 1. 3 or 4 bars correctly identified,
1. sensible {bar graph / table} ; roughly right proportions
correct number of columns and
rows
2. suitable {labelled axes /table headings / } ; 2. e.g. Percentage effectiveness,

percentage of mites killed
3. Title - Idea of {varroacide / treatments} , compared, 3. e.g. Effectiveness of {chemical

percentage kill of {Varroa destructor / mite}; treatments for mites /
varroacides} (3)
Question
Number
2(b)(ii) 1. (mite) population needs to be kept below 1000 (to avoid
serious damage to hive) ;
2. {90% effective varroacide / B} would give protection for

about 110 days / {80% effective varroacide / A} would 2. ACCEPT for 90% 100 to 112
give protection for about 80 ; for 80% 65 to 80
3. Idea that this means {3 to 5 / eq} treatments are

needed ;
4. Idea that any or all of the ones in paragraph 9 are

greater than 90% effective ;
e.g oxalic acid is 90% effective
and protects for 110 days so
would only need to be applied
max of 3x per year = Mp 4,2 and
3 (3)
Question
Number
2(b)(iii)
(Paragraph) 6 ;
(1)
Question
Number
2(c) 1. ONLY author, date, title, publisher, (town) 1. author as surname and initial
present in any order ;
2. correct order of any 3 of the following 4 elements 2. Ignore any additions

(author, date, title, publisher, (town) ;
Schaker, M. 2008 A spring
without bees How colony
collapse disorder has endangered
our food supply, The Globe
Pequot Press. = Mp1 and 2 (2)
Question
Number
2(d)(i)
1. cost of {varroacide/ treatment} / cost of rotating
varroacides / eq ;
2. oxalic acid (is poisonous and) can get into honey / eq ; (2)
Question
Number
2(d)(ii)
1. idea of (mites) development of resistance (to
varroacide) ;
2. (so) they become ineffective / eq ;
3. idea of alternative does not {affect taste / cause 3. ACCEPT converse for
illness} ; varroacide
4. consequence of this on profit ; (3)

Question
Number
2(d)(iii)
1. idea of treating the bees with sugar e.g. dusting ;
2. stops mites gripping bees / eq ;
3. idea that mites cannot feed on the bees OR it is safe for

bees ;
OR
4. use of fungus ; 4. IGNORE biological control but

Mps 5 and 6 can be awarded
5. kill mites in hive / eq ;
6. idea that it is safe for {bees / environment / eq} ; (3)
Question
Number
2(e)
1. producer site could be biased / government site (less /
un / not) likely to be biased / eq ;
2. idea that government site agrees with producer site ;
3. (therefore) both references are likely to be valid ; (2)


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Order Code IA038150

www.edexcel.com

Mark Scheme Results
January 2014
International Advanced Level Biology

(WBI03) Paper 01
Unit 3: Prac.Biol.& Research(Wa)

qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further
information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk for our BTEC qualifications.
Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.
If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you can
speak directly to the subject team at Pearson.
Their contact details can be found on this link: www.edexcel.com/teachingservices.
You can also use our online Ask the Expert service at www.edexcel.com/ask. You will need an Edexcel username and
password to access this service.

Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds
of people, wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across
70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and
raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk
January 2014
Publications Code IA037570*
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must
be consulted.
Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as
follows:
i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate
Question
Number
1(a)(i) 1. Time ; Allow any answer that refers
to time (1)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii) 1. Idea that samples of the liquid (around the discs) 1. e.g. a sample of solution
were removed / eq ;
2. Idea that intensity of colour needs to be measured ; 2. allow amount of on this

occasion
3. idea of quantifying the colour e.g. absorbance,
transmission, comparison against standard ;
4. method of quantifying colour described e.g. 4. ACCEPT minor spelling

colorimetry ; errors for this,(calorimeter
is OK)
(3)
Question
Number
1(a)(iii) 1. any one stated temperature between 1. ALLOW room temp if
10 and 50 C ; qualified e.g. 37 C units
needed
2. idea that temperature can affect {permeability of the IGNORE a stated range
membrane / rate of leakage / eq} / eq ;
(2)
Question
Number
1(a)(iv) 1. idea of no fenitrothion / with just water ;
2. idea of using the same set up / eq ;

(2)
Question
Number
1(b)(i) A axes correct (x time from start, y colour) ; Bar chart max. 3
L axes correctly labeled, and with units (h / hours
and au / arbitrary units) ;
S ruled line along x-axis to 2.0, then rising ; S NOT freehand line
ruled line can be point to
point or line of best fit (4)
NOT if extrapolated beyond
6 hours
Question
Number
1(b)(ii) 1. idea of repetition e.g. more sets of twenty discs ; 1. NOT if any parameter
changed e.g. different
concentration
IGNORE references to
accurate etc.
2. (calculation of) mean / eq ; 2. ACCEPT average
3. reference to use of {error / range / SD / eq} bars ;

(3)
4. idea of dealing with anomalous data ;
Question
Number
1(c)
Similarity: both show increase with time / eq ;
Difference ACCEPT idea of
Difference:idea that mineral ions start to leak straight colour staying constant for
away, {colour / pigment / betalain} does not / eq ; part of the time / at
beginning, minerals not
(2)
Question
Number
1(d)
1. idea that it affects the structure of cell membranes ;
2. (fenitrothion) {increases / eq} the {permeability /

eq} of membranes / eq ; 2. ALLOW makes the
membranes permeable
3. idea that cell surface membrane is affected before
vacuole membrane ;
4. idea that for mineral ions to leak only the cell surface
membrane needs to be damaged ;
5. idea that for betalain leakage both cell surface (3)

membrane and the vacuole membrane would need to
be damaged ;
Question
Number
2(a)
1. idea of elephants damaging crops ; ALLOW farms (1)
Question
Number
2(b)
1. a graph that compares farms with fences with those 1. can be for number of
without ; elephants or incidents or
both
2. clear comparison of number elephants and incidents 2. should see four bars but
in both types of farm e.g. use of a key or labelled can be two graphs
axes ; (2)
Question
Number
2(c)(i)
1. bee fence is cheap / eq ;
2. speaker system would {be expensive / needs

electricity /eq} ;
3. income to farmer from honey / eq ;
4. chilli and engine oil mix is cheap / eq ;
5. idea of loss of crops ; (2)

Question
Number
2(c)(ii) IGNORE benefits to humans
1. idea of pollination ;
2. idea that elephants less likely to be harmed ;
3. idea of bees as food source for predators ;
4. idea of honey as food for other organisms ;
(2)
Question
Number
2(c)(iii)
1. idea of {bee stings / venom} ;
2. idea of risk of anaphylactic shock / allergic reaction ; 2. ACCEPT death (2)

Question
Number
2(d)
1. reduces number of incidents of crop damage / eq ; all in the context of the
presence of fences
2. reduces number of elephants involved / eq ;
3. suitable data manipulation to support the answer ; 3. for MP1 6 fewer / 46%
less / 1.9x fewer
For Mp2 57 fewer / 60%
less / 2.5x fewer
(3)
Question
Number
2(e)
1. sound trial was replicated / eq ; 1. ALLOW sound trial used
2. so more reliable / eq ; lots of elephant families
3. farm trial was not replicated / eq ;

4. so less reliable ;
5. reference to the use of controls / eq ;

6. so valid ;
7. similar results for the effect of bees in both studies /

eq ;
8. related to validity ; (4)
Question
Number
2(f)
1. para. 9 ;
2. reinforces the point that fences cheap ;
3. para. 12 ;
4. idea that cost of fence can be offset by profit from

sale of honey ; (4)
January 2015
Pearson Edexcel International

Advanced Subsidiary Level
in Biology (WBI03) Paper 01
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specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications
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us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.
Pearson aspires to be the worlds leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all
kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved in education for
over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an
international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement
January 2015

last.
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
consulted.
Question
Number
1(a)(i)
1. (temperature) 50 - 60C ;
2. {temperature controlled / eq} water bath / eq ; ACCEPT incubator/oven

IGNORE temperature
3. (pH) 9 ; controlled room
4. reference to buffer ;
(4)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii)
1. hot water / scalding risk, wear a lab coat / (heat
resistant) gloves ;
2. (Bunsen) risk of burning, keep away from flame ;
3. alkaline solution risk to skin or eyes, wear goggles or

gloves / lab coat / wash affected area immediately ;
4. skin contact allergy, wear gloves / lab coat / wash

affected area immediately / use coated enzyme ;
5. inhalation allergy, wear mask / use coated enzyme ;
6. spillages, clean up immediately ;
7. ethanol is flammable, keep it away from naked flames (3)

Question
Number
1(b) 1. correct readings from the graph ; IGNORE number of decimal
points
2. calculation of rate ;
2. accept answer in the range
3. appropriate units e.g. a.u. per second ; 0.42 to 0.45
correct answer with units (3)

gains 3 marks
Question
Number
1(c)(i) A axes correct (x enzyme MAX 3 if either scale is non-linear or if graph uses less
concentration, y rate) ; than half of the grid
L axes correctly labelled: lipase

concentration % and initial
rate (of reaction) arbitrary
units per second ;
S suitable line ;
S accept points joined by straight lines or smooth (4)

curve
Question
Number
1(c)(ii) 1. more readings / repeat / need to know how many
times it was repeated / eq ;
2. (idea of replication) under same conditions ;

(2)
3. standard deviation / standard error / range / eq ;
Question
Number
1(c)(iii) 1. recommended enzyme concentration, 3% ;
2. idea that use of high concentrations of lipase is more

expensive ;
3. idea of using concentration that produces biofuel fast

enough / idea of little {increase / eq} above 3% ;
4. ref. to straight line part and levelling off ;
5. ref. to enzyme concentration limiting over straight line

part ;
7. e.g. rate of reaction
6. ref. to substrate concentration being limiting when increases by only 0.01 when
levelled off ; enzyme concentration
increases by 1.5
7. suitable manipulation of data to support any of the IGNORE manipulation if units (4)
points made ; are present and incorrect
Question
Number
2(a)(i) 1. use of {bar / pie} chart ; 1. ACCEPT suitable stacked bar chart
2. comparison between the two trap

types ;
3. comparison between the three

species ;
4. clear labelling ;
(4)
Candidates do not need to include totals
Question
Number
2(a)(ii)
7/8/9; ACCEPT 7 or 8 or 9
(1)
Question
Number
2(a)(iii)
1. idea that Steiner is better overall ; 1. ACCEPT converse
2. Steiner better at catching two of the three species /

{less / equally} effective for one of the species ;
3. idea of equal effectiveness for trapping Bactrocera

cacuminatus ;
4. suitable manipulation of data to support any of the

points made ;
e.g. 296 / 53.6% more flies (4)
caught with Steiner
Question
Number
2(b)
1. release of sterile males ;
2. an explanation of how this reduces fruit fly 2. e.g. (no fertilisation) (2)
population ; therefore eggs cannot develop
Question
Number
2(c)(i) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Max 3 marks for either
environmental implication
1. using insecticides ; or economic implication
2. killing beneficial species / build up along food chains

;
3. problems of reducing fruit fly population / eq ;
4. e.g failure of orchid pollination so orchids become

extinct ;
5. idea that this affects food chains ;
ECONOMIC IMPLICATION :
6. idea of increased costs or loss of income ;
7. Perspex expensive ;
8. labour costs ;
9. fewer orchids or more fruit to sell ;

(4)
Question
Number
2(c)(ii) mark points 1 and 2 or 3
1. increased income / eq ; and 4 are awarded in pairs
2. more money for {education / health / eq} ;
OR
3. more food produced / eq ;
4. {better nutrition / e.g} / better health / more

employment / eq ; (2)
Question
Number
2(d) 1. date of {publication / paper} ; IGNORE url of website
2. article title ;
3. title of journal ;
4. further detail about journal {e.g. volume number / part

number / pages }
(3)
Summer 2015

Advanced Level
In Biology (WBI03) Paper 01
Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UKs largest awarding
body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational,
occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our
qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can
get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at
www.edexcel.com/contactus.
Pearson aspires to be the worlds leading learning company. Our aim is to help
everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved
in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100
languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high
standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more
about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk
Summer 2015
All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively.
Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown
they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark
scheme not according to their perception of where the
grade boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on
the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes
will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the
application of the mark scheme to a candidates response,
the team leader must be consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question
Number
1(a)(i) the mineral(s) (that is absent / present) ; DO NOT ACCEPT concentration /
nutrient (1)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii) Paired points.
1. temperature ;
2. thermostatic control / eq ; 2. ACCEPT { water bath / incubator / room
/ chamber } ( set ) at chosen or stated
3. pH of solution ; temperature
4. use of buffer ;
5. appropriate factor related to the plant ( size

at start / area at start / age / genetic ) ;
6. appropriate method of controlling the factor 6. e.g. plants collected from same source /
described ; plants grown from one parent / appropriate
measurement of area at start
7. light intensity ; 7. DO NOT ACCEPT light unqualified,
8. ( same bulb ) at fixed distance / eq ; sunlight, amount
8. ACCEPT under same light bank
9. ( light ) wavelength ;
10.gel / filter / same bulb / eq ;
11.carbon dioxide / bicarbonate concentration /

eq ;
12.appropriate method of controlling the factor 12. e.g. standard bicarbonate solution /
described ; bubbling with air / chamber / room
ventilated with air / set at fixed / stated
13.oxygen concentration ; carbon dioxide level
14.appropriate method of controlling the factor 14. e.g. bubbling with air / chamber / room
described ; ventilated with air / set at fixed / stated
oxygen level
15.concentration of mineral ions / eq ;
16.idea of standard / same solutions used ; (4)
Question
Number
1(a)(iii) 1. reference to control / standard ;
2. idea of allowing comparison ; (2)
Question
Number
1(b)(i) A axes correct (x time , y no. of plants) ; ACCEPT day(s) on x axis
L axes correctly labelled with units days and no. of

plants ;
P mark lost if bar chart and x axis is nonlinear
P correct plotting ; IGNORE extrapolation to origin
K a suitable key or labelling ; Sample graph

40
35
30
25
20
number of plants
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
days
(4)
Question
Number
1(b)(ii) 1. idea of replication (under same conditions) ;
2. reference to mean ; 2 ACCEPT average
3. { error bars / SD } plotted / eq ; (3)
Question
Number
1(c)(i) plants are of different sizes ; ACCEPT some plants are bigger /
smaller than others (1)
Question
Number
1(c)(ii) 1. measure { mass / plant area } / eq ; 1 ACCEPT weight
2. at set times / days eq ;

(2)
Question
Answer Mark
Number
1d(i) -
nitrate / NO3 / no nitrate ;
(1)
Question
Number
1d(ii) Allow ECF from (i)
1. nitrates needed for synthesis of { amino acids / bases / 1. ACCEPT other named nitrogen
protein / enzymes / nucleic acids / chlorophyll } ; containing compounds found in
plants
2. relevance of correctly named substance from mp 1 to 2. ACCEPT answers that
growth rate ; reference
{ structure / cell division /
metabolism / photosynthesis } in
relation to the requirements for
growth such as raw materials,
energy or a specific structure e.g.
cell membrane (2)
Question
Number
2(a)(i) If graph sketched if a labelled pie chart allow
mp 1 and 2 if appropriate
1. key to bars or lines / clear labelling of bars or lines with
( high ) quality habitat and unsuitable habitat ;
2. sketch includes the three dates 1965, 1975 and 1997

clearly indicated for both sets of data ;
3. y axis labelled hectares ;
If table drawn
1. table has rows / columns headed with ( high ) quality

habitat and
unsuitable habitat ;
2. table includes the three dates 1965, 1975 and 1997 ;
3. habitat column / row headed hectares ; (3)
Question
Number
2(a)(ii) 1. ( paragraph ) 5 / 6 ;
2. idea of habitat { loss / decline / destruction / reduction } ;

(2)
Question
Number
2(b)(i) Idea of ( giant ) panda { in decline / endangered /
becoming extinct / decreasing / eq } ; (1)
Question
Number
2(b)(ii) 1. main solution: artificial insemination ; NB no credit if contradictory
statements made
2. idea of the use of sperm to fertilise the female artificially
;
3. alternative solution: cloning ;
4. idea of reproduction without sex / asexual / asexual

transfer of DNA to an egg cell ; (4)
Question
Number
2(b)(iii) 1. ( AI leads to ) { poor / low / eq } genetic variation /
inbreeding ;
2. consequence of reduced genetic variability e.g. ( the

population ) is susceptible to disease / eq ;
3. cloned mammals die soon after birth ;
4. cloned mammals { die young / in later life / before

reproducing / suffer from various diseases } eq ;
5. idea of lack of breeding experience of pandas ;
6. there are few / no naturally produced offspring / cannot

boost their own population ; (4)
Question
Number
2(c) correct answer only gains 3 marks
1. ( number of leased pandas is ) 18 ; IF mp 1 is 27 / 239 / 300 / 1,600

ALLOW mp 2
2. multiply by 10 / implied by answer ; and ALLOW mp 3 if consequentially correct
i.e. 270m gains 2 marks
3. = 180m / 180 million / 180 000 000 / 1.8 2,390m gains 2 marks
x 108 / eq ; 3,000m gains 2 marks
16,000m gains 2 marks
Award correct answer if given anywhere
unless wrong answer on line (3)
Question
Number
2(d) 1. publication date ;
2. { title / name } of paper ;
3. volume / pages / part ;

(3)
January 2016

Advanced Level
in Biology (WBI03)
Paper 01 - Practical Biology and
Research Skills
qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information,
please visit our website at www.edexcel.com.
Our website subject pages hold useful resources, support material and live feeds from our subject advisors giving you access
to a portal of information. If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject
specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful.
www.edexcel.com/contactus

Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of
people, wherever they are in the world. Weve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70
countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising
achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk
January 2016
This mark scheme provides a list of acceptable answers for this paper. Candidates will receive credit for all
correct responses but will be penalised if they give more than one answer where only one is required (e.g.
putting an additional cross in a set of boxes). If a candidate produces more written answers than the
required number (two instead of one, three instead of two etc), only the first answers will be accepted.
Free responses are marked for the effective communication of the correct answer rather than for quality of
language but it is possible that, on some occasions, the quality of English or poor presentation can impede
communication and loose candidate marks. It is sometimes possible for a candidate to produce a written
response that does not feature in the mark scheme but which is nevertheless correct. If this were to occur,
an examiner would, of course, give full credit to that answer.
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they
can do rather than penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks
if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero
marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be
awarded and exemplification may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidates response, the
team leader must be consulted.
Question
Number
Q01(a)(i) breaking strength / eq ; IGNORE force unqualified
ACCEPT force needed to break
(the stem) OR
breaking force 1
Question
Number
Q01(a)(ii) 1. measure diameter with {callipers / vernier callipers / ACCEPT {microscope stage
micrometer (screw gauge)} ; micrometer / eq} if measuring a
section
IGNORE use of ruler
2. quote area of a circle formula ;

ACCEPT r2 / (d2)2 /d24 2
Question
Number
Q01(a)(iii) 1. Ref to acclimatise / equilibrate / or described; (kept):
at same/ sensible temperature
2. suitable example of acclimatisation procedure described ; {room/5-35C} / ( in (lake)
water / at same humidity / in
aerated water
NB any ref to retting or rotting /

eq negates marks 2
Question
Number
Q01(a)(iv) 1. temperature ; IGNORE water bath
ACCEPT {incubator/ eq} set at a

2. thermostatically controlled {room / chamber / incubator} / stated temperature, unless
air conditioning ; unreasonable (NOT oven)
3. humidity ;
4. air conditioning / description of how humidity is controlled ; e.g. beaker of water in sealed
chamber 2
Question
Number
Q01(a)(v) 1. risk of falling in lake with sensible precaution ; ACCEPT tie rope around waist
and {post / tree trunk}, life
jacket
2. risk of {contamination / poisoning / allergy / spines / stings}

prevented by use of gloves / hand washing / mask ;
3. ref breaking stem / spring on meter so use of goggles ;
3
Question
Number
Q01(b)(i) A linear scale using half of graph Sample Graph
paper ;
L suitable line of best fit ;
S SDs plotted suitably ;
L Do not award if extrapolated, freehand line or dot to dot
S Must be bars around plotted mean of same length above and

below
4
Question
Number
Q01(b)(ii) they are (directly) proportional / positive correlation / eq ; ACCEPT description of
relationship e.g. as area
increases breaking force
increases 1
Question
Number
Q01(b)(iii) 1. SDs / error bars do not overlap ; IGNORE SDs small
ACCEPT range / range bars
2. so {confidence is high / difference is significant / real / NOT results or experiment valid

conclusion is valid} / eq ; 2
Question
Number
Q01(c) 1. both show positive correlation / eq ; ACCEPT relationship same
2. bladderwort goes up to {63 /56} N, Elodea only 13.1 N ;
3. (between 2 and 2.5 m2 x 10-6) both about the same

breaking strength / bladderwort stronger ;
4. credit quantitative comparison ; e.g. bladderwort 1.1 N stronger

than Elodea at 2 m2 x 10-6 gains
mps 3 and 4 3
Question
Number
Q02(a) {diseases / eq} caused by (contact) lenses ; e.g. infections caused by
wearing contact lenses 1
Question
Number
Q02(b) 1. table with suitable headings ; Two columns, percentage of
cases (of keratitis) or cases (of
keratitis) % and group of
pathogens or causative agent
or pathogen
2. showing correct percentages ;;

62.64 / 62.6 / 63
35.85 / 35.84 / 35.8 / 35.9 / 36
1.51 / 1.5 / 2
2 marks for all 3 correct, 1 mark

for 2 correct.
If candidate draws bar chart or

pie chart, award the marks for
mp2 if the percentages shown
clearly 3
Question
Number
Q02(b)(ii) 1. all 6 elements present with no extras ; i.e. names, date, article title,
journal, volume number and
pages
do not award if volume,
pages, pp are included
IGNORE by
2. order correct ; as above, there should be a

minimum of 4 elements to judge
this
3. authors names abbreviated ;
e.g Moriyama, A.S.,

Hofling-Lima, A. L.
OR
Aline, S.M.,
Anna, L.H-L.
ACCEPT just one initial in any
case
ACCEPT either author with et
al
3 marks for Moriyama, A. S. and

Hofling-Lima, A. L. (2008)
Contact Lens-associated
microbial keratitis, Arquivos
Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 71, 3
32-36
Question
Number
Q02(c) 1. wash hands (before touching lenses) ; ACCEPT in either order
2. replace lenses correctly ;

2
Question
Number
Q02(d) 1. saving money by keeping lenses longer ; Must be reference to economics
in all cases
2. creation of jobs ;
3. reduced burden on health care budget ;
4. less money spent on cleaning fluids ;
5. higher initial costs because of complicated procedure to

make lenses ;
3
Question
Number
Q02(e)(i) 1. immobilised proteins reduce quality of lens ;
2. some of the surface may not be treated so increased chance

of infection ;
3. new type of lens could cause {damage to / inflammation of}

eye ;
4. no single protein yet found which is suitable ;

3
Question
Number
Q02(e)(ii) 1. immobilised protein ; 1
Question
Number
Q02(e)(iii) 1. PEG, which reduces attract between the (lens) surface and ACCEPT immobilised protein,
proteins ; prevents build-up of biofilm
as ecf if not used in 2eii
2. Fimbrolides , which decrease bacterial adhesion / eq ;
2
Question
Number
Q02(f) 1. reduction in waste ;
2. reduced use of {lenses / cleaning fluids} ;
3. leads to less {landfill / pollution / fossil fuel use} ;
2
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Mark Scheme Summer 2009

GCE08 Biology (8BI01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link:

Alternately, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at

Unit Name page

6BI07 Practical Biology and Research Skills 1

Question Answer Mark

1(a)(i) same {amount / volume /eq} of pigment / same

Question Answer Mark

1(a)(ii) temperature ; (1)

Question Answer Mark

1(a)(iii) colorimeter (or description) ;

Then any two from

Then any two from

1(a)(iv) Any two from:

1. volume of water (in the boiling tube) ;

5. similar {variety / density / eq} of beetroot ;

7. pre-treatment e.g. storage ;

9. (use same) part of beetroot / eq ; max

Question Answer Mark

answer (0.69) ; (2)

Question Answer Mark

1(b)(ii) 1. axes correct (x = temperature, y = degree of

2. axes correctly labelled, with units (C and

4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points

2. 10/20 to 40 C flat / varies little ;

3. above 40 (50) to 60 C (steep) rise ;

4. above 60 C falls / levels off ; sub-max (3)

2. correct reference to effect of temperature on

3. correct reference to effect of temperature on

4. {all / as much} pigment as possible gone at

2(a)(i) Any two of:

1. pre-implantation screening (of embryos) to

2. (foetal) screening, followed by abortions / eq ;

3. (adult) screening, followed by voluntary /

Question Answer Mark

2(a)(ii) Any two appropriate ethical implications;;

2(b)(i) 1. correct parental genotypes ;

3. Tay-Sachs genotype highlighted ;

5. ref to inheritance of Tay-Sachs (in Abshire) ; (5)

Question Answer Mark

2(b)(ii) 1. axes correct and labelled with units ;

Question Answer Mark

2. the idea that {a majority / most} think

4. more people are unsure / no response / eq

5. anywhere within lines 55 and 65 ; (5)

2(b)(iv) Credit any two appropriate questions ;;

internet search engine / scientific journals /

For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750

GCE Biology (6BI07/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link:

Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be

Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme

All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

Quality of Written Communication

Symbol Meaning of symbol

Crossed out work