ASSIGNMENT

CAUSES OF FIRE

SUBMITTED BY
MUHAMMAD KHURSHID AKHTAR KHAN
ROLL NO.27 SFO CLASS

SUBMITTED TO
SIR ABUZAR SB

CLASS INCHARGE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FIRE TECHNOLOGY

ISLAMABAD
 FIRE
1= It is a result of combustion which is a chemical reaction between
fuel and oxygen at a suitable temperature.

2= Fire is an exothermic reaction between fuel and oxygen at a specific

heat.

CAUSES OF FIRE
Fire is an important part of survival of life on the earth until it remains under
control. But when it becomes out of control than it creates the problem for
human being even deaths of many people and also the loss of property.
There are two major types of causes of fire which are given below.

1. Common causes of fire

2. Special causes of fire

1. Common causes of fire

Common causes are those causes which we usually face in our daily life.
These causes are given as under.
Burning of Charcoal Friction Fire Works Faulty Wiring

Bursting of Stove General

Negligence

Bone fire Sky Lightening

Candle Fire Common Causes Home Heating

Fire
Short Circuit Dryers

Over Heating of
Home Appliances
of Drying Clothes
near Heater

Lightning Strikes Smoking in Bed

Poor House Keeping Human Error

Children Playing with Gas Leakage

Fire
 Forest Fire Flammable Material Uncleaned
Electrical Blankets Flammable liquid Chimneys

1.1. Burning of Charcoal.

Charcoal is usually produced by the heating of wood or other substances in the absence
of oxygen.

1.2 Poor House Keeping.

Good House-keeping means A place for everything and everything for its
place. Poor house-keeping means keeping all necessary items not in their
proper places.

Poor house-keeping can be a cause of fire. For example, chemical, clothes and oil
etc. are placed together in a store room than they can be a cause of fire.

1.3. Bursting of Oven/ Kitchen Stoves.

 Never leave the stove unattended.

Check that electric cords, curtains, tea towels and oven cloths are at a safe
distance from the stove top.

Be careful of long flowing sleeves contacting gas flames.

1.4. Electric Blankets:

A blanket which is heated by electricity is called electric blanket.

Do not sleep with electric blankets on or leave the house without switching
them off.

Never leave weighty objects on the bed when the electric blanket is on.

Have your blanket checked by an authorized repairer if you suspect

overheating.

Always follow manufacturers instructions for care and storage.

Inspect each blanket for wear and tear at the beginning of the cooler
months.

1.5. Faulty Wiring:

 Always use a qualified electrician.

Double adaptors and power-boards can overload power points.

Install safety switches and correct fuses.

1.6. Smoking in Bed:

Smoking in bed can be fatal - tiny embers can smoulder unnoticed and
burst into flame much later.

1.7. Lighting:
 Check light fittings for heat buildup.

Discard lampshades that are close to light globes & lamp bases that can be
knocked over easily.

Ensure recessed downlights are properly insulated from wood panelling or

ceiling timbers.

1.8. Flammable Liquids:

Store all flammable liquids such as petrol, kerosene, methylated spirits

away from heat.

Always check the label before use and storage.

Use extreme care when pouring.

1.9. Clothes Dryers:

Avoid drying bras in your dryer as the underwire can get caught and start
a fire.

1.10. Candles:

Never leave burning candles unattended. Do not sleep with a burning

candle.

Make sure curtains and other flammable items are well away from burning
candles.

1.11. Home Heating:

 Make sure all appliances are professionally installed.

Check that walls and floors are insulated from heat sources.

Be careful where you place portable appliances.

Never leave an open fire alight when you leave the house or go to bed.

Place a mesh guard in front of open fires.

Have your chimney and flue cleaned annually.

Never leave children unattended near fires and heaters.

Clothing should not be dried close to heaters or fires.

1.12. Children playing with Fire:

Warn all children about playing with fire.

Keep all matches, lighters and candles out of reach of small children.
Teach young children to bring matches or lighters they find to an adult
immediately.

Teach older children that matches are a tool to be used in the presence of
adults.

Brief your babysitter on your fire plan - make sure they know all exits and
emergency

telephone numbers. Make sure the babysitter understands fire survival

techniques.

1.13. Friction.

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid
layers, and material elements sliding against each other. There are several
types of friction: Dry friction resists relative lateral motion of two solid
surfaces in contact and sometimes cause fire.
1.14. Forest Fire
Forest fire has become common now a day. We read in the newspapers
and also see in television that in some parts of the world forests catches fire.
Usually it occurs unintentionally by the mistake of people who go for picnics
and sometimes when the temperature increases forest catches fire
automatically. The forest fire incidents can be reduced by the giving
awareness to the people but cannot be finished because of Natural Checks.

1.15. Fire Works

When the modern era started, it gave many new dimension to the
human life. By the inventions of technology and the advancement of Science
people became able to reach at the surface of moon and also astronauts are
now trying to reach at many planets. In spite of all this many bad things it
also gave to us the fire work is one of them because many houses and even
shops are burnt unintentionally because of firework in New Year Celebrations
and marriage parties.

Examples:- Peshawar was on fire once again. Only this time it was not
exploding bombs or rockets but fireworks at the culmination of Hunar Mela

in Peshawa . PUBLISHED Jan 19, 2016 06:23am Daily Dawn News

1.16. Bone fire

 1. A large fire built in the open air, for warmth, entertainment, or
celebration, to burn leaves, garbage, etc., or as a signal.

2. Any fire built in the open.

3. A bonfire is a large but controlled outdoor fire, used either for

informal disposal of burnable waste material or as part of a celebration.

1.17. Gas Leakage

It appears that the fire exploded due to the gas leakage,

In common usage, a gas leak refers to a leak of natural gas or other

gaseous product from a pipeline or other containment into a living area or
any other area where the gas should not be present. Because flammable
gases may explode when exposed to flame or sparks, this situation is very
dangerous to the general public.
1.18. Sky Lightening
A brilliant electric spark discharge in the atmosphere, occurring within
athundercloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground.

When sky lightening falls on the houses it burns the houses into ashes
and can be a cause of human and property loss. In 1194 A.D the sky
lightening fell on the thousands of Churches and caused a great human loss
and property loss.

1.19. Drying Clothes near Heater

It has been generally observed that in winter season people sometimes
dry their clothes in front of heaters and forget to collect back therefore the
clothes catch fire.

1.20. Lightning Strikes.

In subcontinent, it has been observed that when people strike they
burn tyres for the blockage of roads and sometimes the people become
aggressive, they burn public and private properties.
1.21. Uncleaned Chimneys.
Chimney Fires occur at an alarming rate in USA, over 25,000 chimney
fires account for over 120 million dollars in damage to property every year.
Thousands of injuries and even many deaths result every year from chimney
fires that spread to the structure of the home. Chimney liners or structural
problems can allow high temperatures, sparks and embers to escape to
combustible areas in walls, roofs or attics. A common cause of chimney fires
is creosote inside the chimney catching fire and burning inside the chimney.
Creosote is a by-product of burning that coats the inside of your chimney
that needs to be removed during regular annual chimney cleaning by
chimney sweeps.

2.SPECIAL CAUSES OF FIRE

NUCLEAR CHEMICAL

SPECIAL
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF
RADIALOGICAL

FIRE ARSON
SABOTAGE

1ST DEGREE ARSON

2nd DEGREE ARSON

3rd DEGREE ARSON

4th DEGREE ARSON

2.1 Nuclear.

Fire of nuclear bomb or atom bomb.

Fire will be at high level.

After effects, will be very dangerous.

Diseases will break out after the nuclear attack.

If it is forecast that the city is going to be hit than there is only

one solution that migrate from the city before attack.

2.2 Biological.

Few organisms like as bacteria which eat or torn the leaves

of the trees into very small pieces. When in summer season
sunlight directly touches these pieces of leaves than they caught
fire and can become the major cause of forest fire.
2.3 Chemical.

A fire which is caused by any type of chemical is called

chemical fire.

Do not store chemical material which catches fire easily in that

store where easily fire picking material is stored. e.g. If
magnesium peroxide and glycerin are stored together and they
are mixed unfortunately than fire can be created easily.

2.4 Radiological.

Fire can be caused because of radiations.

2.5. Arson.

Arson is the crime of intentionally, deliberately and

maliciously setting fire to buildings, wildland areas, dumpsters,
vehicles or other property with the intent to cause damage. There are
four types of arson which are given below.

2.5.1. 1ST DEGREE ARSON.

Burning of (residence). To burn the specific area of
building.

2.5.2. 2nd DEGREE ARSON

Burn the whole building or property.

2.5.3. 3rd DEGREE ARSON

To burn not only a building but also a surrounding
area.

2.5.4. 4th DEGREE ARSON

Attempted arson.