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Planar Transmission line
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Striplines and Microstrip Lines
the strip line was developed from the square
coaxial
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Striplines
since the stripline has only 1 dielectric, it supports
TEM wave, however, it is difficult to integrate with
other discrete elements and excitations
microstrip line is one of the most popular types of
planar transmission line, it can be fabricated by
photolithographic techniques and is easily integrated
with other circuit elements
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Striplines and Microstrip Lines
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Striplines and Microstrip Lines
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Striplines and Microstrip Lines
a microstrip line suspended in air can support TEM
wave
a microstrip line printed on a grounded slab does not
support TEM wave! Why?
the exact fields constitute a hybrid TM-TE wave
when the dielectric slab become very thin
(electrically), most of the electric fields are trapped
under the microstrip line and the fields are
essentially the same as those of the static case, the
fields are quasi-static.
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Microstrip TL
Microstrip transmission lines consist of a conductive
strip of width "W" and thickness "t" and a wider ground
plane, separated by a dielectric layer (the "substrate") of
thickness "H" as shown in the figure below.
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Microstrip line Structure
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strip - Transmission line parameters
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Microstrip TL- Pros and Cons
The major advantage of microstrip over stripline is that all active
components can be mounted on top of the board.
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strip - Transmission line parameters
Provided the frequency is not too high, the microstrip line
will propagate a wave that, for all practical purposes, is a
TEM wave.
Because of the fringing, the effective relative permittivity
eff is less than the relative permittivity r of the substrate.
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Design Formulas of Microstrip Lines
Because part of the fields from the microstrip conductor exist in air, the
effective dielectric constant " eff" is somewhat less than the substrate's
dielectric constant (also known as the relative permittivity).
eff
d=H
or
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Striplines and Microstrip Lines
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Design Formulas of Microstrip Lines
Because part of the fields from the microstrip conductor exist in air, the
effective dielectric constant " eff" is somewhat less than the substrate's
dielectric constant (also known as the relative permittivity).
eff
d=H
or
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Filling Factor (FF)
Filling factor is a measure of the percentage of the
electric fields in a transmission line that cut
through the substrate.
In non-TEM transmission lines such as a microstrip, the
electric fields cut through two (or sometimes more)
dielectric materials.
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FF
If FF is the percentage of fields in the material, then 1-FF is
the percentage of fields in air.
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Effective dielectric constant
Filling factor is a measure of the percentage of the
electric fields in a transmission line that cut
through the substrate.
If FF is the percentage of fields in the material, then 1-FF is
the percentage of fields in air.
For W/H 1
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Design Formulas of Microstrip Lines
for W/d< 2
Where,
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Design Formulas of Microstrip Lines
Where
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strip - Transmission line parameters
More accurate expressions
Characteristic Impedance (Zo) [ Error
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Losses in Microstrip lines
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Note that where x is small
[ Taylors expansion simplification]
therefore, we have
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Dielectric Loss
Note that
for small loss, the phase constant is unchanged
when compared to the lossless case
the attenuation constant due to dielectric loss is
therefore given by
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Dielectric Loss
Np/m (TEM)
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What is Loss tangent, tan ?
Defined as
The total
effective
conductivity
Which is seen to be the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the
total displacement current.
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Slide 27 is for reference only
Conductor Loss
Np/m
where
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The line is dispersive.
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An Approximate Electrostatic Solution for
Microstrip Lines
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Stripline
y
w
b
x
z
Approximate Electrostatic Solution:
y
b/2
-a/2 0 a/2
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Microstrip
y
w
d
-a/2 a/2 x
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Example Microstrip-line
Solution:
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Quality Factor, Q of Microstrip lines
Many microwave ICs require very high quality resonant circuits.
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Q of Microstrip lines
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Q of Microstrip lines
Similarly, a quality factor Qd is related to the dielectric attenuation
constant:
This yields,
Note that the Qd for the dielectric attenuation constant of a microstrip line is
approximately the reciprocal of the dielectric
48 loss tangent and is relatively constant with
frequency.
Parallel Strip lines
A parallel strip line consists of two perfectly parallel strips separated
by a perfect dielectric slab of uniform thickness as shown.
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Parallel Strip lines
The equation for the inductance along the two conducting strips can be
written as,
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Parallel Strip lines
(S/m)
Where d is the conductivity of the dielectric slab
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Parallel Strip lines
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Example
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Solution
We know that the characteristic impedance of lossless
parallel strip line is
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Solution
We know that the characteristic impedance of lossless
parallel strip line is
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Solution
d) The phase velocity is,
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End of UNIT 4 discussions
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