2014 IEEE International Microwave and RF Conference (IMaRC)

Compact CPW-Fed CHSSR Antenna for WLAN

Sameer Kumar Sharma, Ashish Gupta and Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary
Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad,
Dhanbad-826004, India

Abstract In this paper, a compact CPW-fed complimentary 4.4, tan = 0.025). Parametric analysis has been carried out in
half split ring resonator (CHSRR) antenna for WLAN is order to retrieve finalized geometrical parameters.
proposed. The proposed antenna shows compact size (due to
ZOR) with dimensions 0.18o 0.15o 0.03o at center frequency
of 5.57 GHz. Impedance Bandwidth of 14% (S11 < -10 dB) from
5.17-5.95 GHz has been achieved with monopole-type radiation
pattern in xz-plane and dipolar-type radiation pattern in yz-plane
with very low cross-polarization levels. The proposed antenna is
suitable for wireless applications at 802.11 a/b/g/n/p/h, 5.15-
5.35/5.47-5.725/5.725-5.875 GHz and 5.86-5.925 GHz (America).

Index Terms Compact antenna, CHSRR, metamaterials,

WLAN antenna, ZOR.

I. INTRODUCTION
A lot of research on miniaturization of antenna is going on
which is exciting researchers to develop application specific
antennas especially for wireless communication.
(a)
Metamaterials (MTMs) have emerged out as the best solution
as far as the miniaturization of antennas is concerned [1]-[3].
MTMs exhibit unusual properties and have two basic
configurations i.e. Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and
Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) [4]-[5]. Zeroth
order resonator (ZOR) concept [6] is widely being explored by
researchers to achieve desired level of miniaturization. For an
antenna operating in this mode, resonant frequency becomes
independent of the length of resonator. It is difficult to design
compact antenna with patch antenna concept [7]-[8] and hence
MTM based antennas come into picture. But there are few
problems associated with these antennas as well. While
achieving desired level miniaturization these antennas tend to
suffer from high cross-polarization or/and directed co-polar
component which is not so appreciated in WLAN [9]. Even if
desired radiation patterns are obtained, these structures may
show low or negative gain with low radiation efficiency. (b)
The structure proposed through this paper is free from the
anomalies discussed above and shows compact nature (due to Fig. 1. Proposed compact CPW-Fed CHSSR antenna for WLAN
ZOR) along with characteristics desired. Concept of ZOR has applications (a) 3-D view (b) Top view [L = 10mm, B = 8mm, Hs =
been explored and shown through this paper. The ground 1.6mm, Ls = 1.4mm, Lg = 1.4mm, Lp = 3.9mm, T = 2.7mm, Bs =
plane has been modified for achieving higher impedance 3mm, Lk = 8.76mm, Lc = 6.65mm, D = 2mm, and G = 0.3mm].
bandwidth [10].
III. ZOR CONCEPT
II. ANTENNA GEOMETRY Fig. 2 shows the equivalent circuit of proposed antenna. Lr
Fig. 1 shows the proposed antenna structure consisting of is the inductance due to the microstrip feed and half semi-
semi-circular patch over which half split ring resonator circular ring. Cl is series capacitance due to the gap generated
(HSSR) has been etched along with coplanar tapered ground by etching HSSR. Ll is inductance due to semi-circular patch
plane. The structure is designed on FR4 substrate (with r = which has not been etched while Cr is shunt capacitance due to

115 978-1-4799-6317-1/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE

combination of open ended parasitic capacitance due to semi-
circular ring and capacitance due to gap with ground plane.
With fine circuit simulation and optimization values of circuit
component are extracted and given along with Fig. 2.
be said that the fZOR obtained from dispersion diagram and
circuit simulation matches with the full wave simulation
shown in Fig. 5.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit model of proposed antenna [Lr = 6.29 nH,

Ll = 4.6 nH, Cl = 0.13 pF and Cr = 0.18pF].

Dispersion diagram is calculated using equations (1) and (2)

Fig. 4. Effect on input reflection coefficient (S11) of proposed antenna
[4]. with variation in parameter D.
ZY
1 (1)

Where, and

On simplifying, we obtain
1 0.5 (2)

Fig. 5. Input Reflection Coefficient of proposed compact CPW-fed

CHSSR antenna

Fig. 3. Dispersion diagram showing zeroth order mode.

p = 0, denote ZOR mode where resonant frequency is

independent of the length of resonator. Fig. 3 shows the
dispersion diagram of the proposed antenna based on the
equivalent circuit given in Fig. 2. It can be seen that it is an
unbalanced case with different series frequency (fse =
1
) Fig. 6. Surface current density profile of proposed compact CPW-
2 Lr Cl fed CHSSR antenna at 5.57 GHz.
1
and shunt frequency (fsh ).
2 Ll Cr Fig. 4 shows the effect in input reflection coefficient (S11)
The proposed structure shows an open-ended case so fZOR is with variation in parameter D. With increase in value of D,
equal to fse as shown in [4] can be seen in Fig. 3. Thus it can gap due to CHSSR increases. As a result capacitance Cl due to

116
gap generated by etching HSSR increases which causes the
resonant frequency to shift towards right
Fig. 5 shows that the input reflection coefficient (S11) while
surface current density of proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 6.
It is observed that structure has an impedance bandwidth of
780 MHz at frequency of 5.57 GHz due to CHSSR.
Fig. 7 shows the radiation patterns of proposed antenna at
5.57 GHz in xz-plane and yz-plane respectively. It is observed
that the structure exhibits monopole-type radiation pattern in
xz- plane with cross-polar component as low as -59.7dB in the
direction of maximum radiation. Similarly in yz-plane dipolar
radiation pattern is seen with cross-polar component -71dB
below co-polar component at 75o.
.
(a) xz-plane at 5.57 GHz
(b) yz- plane at 5.57 GHz
Fig. 7. Radiation patterns of proposed compact CPW-Fed CHSSR
antenna.
Fig. 8 shows peak gain profile and radiation efficiency
profile for the band of operation. It is noted that a peak gain of
2.3 dB and radiation efficiency of 98% is obtained at 5.57
GHz.
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed antenna shows a compact size of 0.18o
0.15o 0.03o with an impedance bandwidth of 14% centered
at 5.57 GHz covering almost all the wireless standards in 5-6
117
GHz range namely 802.11b/g/n/a/p/h, 5.15-5.35/5.47-
5.725/5.725-5.875 GHz and 5.86-5.925 GHz (America).
Structure shows monopole-type radiation pattern in xz-plane
and dipolar radiation pattern in yz-plane. Peak gain of 2.3 dB
and radiation efficiency of 98% is obtained at 5.57 GHz. All
these features make this structure suitable for wireless
communication.
Fig. 8. Peak gain and radiation efficiency profile of proposed
antenna.
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