Windbreakwall Structure Design

MIANG BESAR COAL TERMINAL PROJECT
Doc. No : TTE033-2211-04-10-A0
Job. No : TTE033
CALCULATION FOR WINDBREAKWALL AT STOCKPILE AREA
Rev. No : A0
Date : 09/01/2013
Reference Specs. : Civil and Structural Specification Engineer : FS
A. GENERAL
The purpose of this calculation sheet is for the detailed engineering design of superstructure and
substructure of WINDBREAKWALL FOR STOCKPILE AREA at Miang Besar Coal Terminal.
B. REFERENCES AND CODES

- SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia ) 03-2847-2002 and ACI (American Concrete Institute ) 318-05
- SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia ) RSNI 03-1726-201x
- PPIURG 1987 (Peraturan Pembebanan Untuk Rumah dan Gedung )
- ISO 5049-1 : 1994 (Mobile Equipment for Continuous Handling of Bulk Materials )
- AISC-LRFD 1999 (American Institute of Steel Construction - Load Resistance Factor Design )
- ASCE 7-05 (American Society of Civil Engineer )
- Braja M Das 2011, "Foundation Engineering 7th Edition " etc.
C. DOCUMENT REFERENCE
- Soil Investigation report by GWS "Laporan Final Geoteknik "
D. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
a. Material of Steel Profile Element
Steel element would be used ASTM A-36 or equivalent
q with JIS G3101 Grade SS400.
fy = 250 MPa
fu = 410 MPa
b. Material of Welding Rod

Welding rod material would be using E-60elektrodes
60 ksi
fu =
4218 kg/cm2
c. Material of Bolt Element

Bolt element would be using High Strength Bolt (HSB) ASTM A 325-M TYPE-I Hot Dip Galvanized
Ft = 620 MPa
Fv = 330 MPa
d. Material of Anchor Bolt Element

Anchor Bolt element would be used JIS G3112 Grade SR 24
Fy = 235 MPa
Fu = 380 MPa
e. Material of Concrete Element

Concrete material will be using requirements for concrete exposed to underground area.
Cement = Portland Cement Type IV (ASTM 150), for use when low heat of hydration is desired
f'c = 29 MPa (Min. Compress. Strength at 28 Days and must be reached 46% of the strength in 3 days )
wc = 0.5 (Max. Water-cementious material ratio )
Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 1 of 60

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f. Material of Steel Rebar Element

390 MPa (Deformed Bars ) according to JIS G 3112
fy =
235 MPa (Plained Bars ) according to JIS G 3112
E. LOADING DATA
1) Dead Load
2) Wind Force
3) Earthquake Load (Seismic Analysis)
F. ANALYSIS METHOD
Analysis method to analyze the structure will be using FEA software SAP 2000 where the structure would
be modeled as 3D frame element. All of actual loads would be modeled as nonlinear case load with Pdelta
effect considering to analyze the structure using plastic method but espcially earthquake load would be
defined as response spectrum case (dynamic analysis). Beside that, the structure would be assumed as
special concetric braced frame type considering to analyze the structure as uninhibited sidesway structure.
G. STRUCTURAL MODEL
Structural model of windbreakwall structure shown as follows :
Front View of Windbreakwall

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Side View of Windbreakwall
Structural model of windbreakwall in SAP 2000 shown as follows :
Basic View of Windbreakwall Structure in SAP 2000

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*) Frame Release definition would be used to defined connection of the element as truss connection
*) Frame release definition for truss connection assigned for bending moment at all direction and torsion at start/end
section
Frame Release Definition of Windbreakwall Structure in SAP 2000
H. SOIL PROPERTIES
Refer to Soil Investigation Report by GWS at Bore Hole on Land where windbreakwall structure would
be positioned (BH 2, BH 7 and BH 8), critical data properties of soil shown as follows :
- m, sat = 1850 kg/m3
- ' = 850 kg/m3 (Effective Unit Weight of Soil )
- = 3.2 deg. (Internal friction angle )
- Nq = 1.384
- N
- Nc
=
=
0.064
6.010
}Taken from Caquot and Kerisel Table
- Cu = 3130 kg/m2 (Critical Undrained Cohesion )

- ah = 0.32 g (Seismic Coeff. )

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Bore Hole Location

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I. ANALYSIS/COMPUTATION & POSITION OF WORKING LOAD
Loading analysis and position of working loads or working forces on the structure shown as follows :
I.1 Dead Load

Dead load on the structure consists of :
- Selfweight of structure
- Additional dead load taken from 10% of selfweight according to PPIURG sect. 2.1.1.1.2. and
- Weight of brickwall = 250 kg/m2 (Only used to design sloof beam)
I.2 Wind Load

Wind pressure acting on structure would be determined automatically using finite element software for
structural analysis, SAP 2000. Wind load calculation based on ASCE 7-05. The parameter of wind load
calculation shall be as follows :
*) Wind X (Parallel to Windbreakwall)

- Structure Type = Open Structure
(Min. Wind Velocity at Seaside Area
- Wind Speed = 56.59 MPh
according to PPIURG 1987)
- Exposure Type = D (Sect.
(Sect 66.5.6,
5 6 the structure at unobstructed areas )
- Importance Factor = 1.15 (Tabe 6.1, building classification category IV )
- Topographical Factor (kzt) = 1.00 (Sect. 6.5.7 )
Simplified method as rigid (considered as
- Gust Factor = 0.85 rigid structure because natural frequency of
structure 1 Hz)
- Directionality Factor (kd) = 0.85 (Table 6.4)
- Solid/Gross Area Ratio = 0.3
- Building Class. Category = Category IV (Table 1.1, designated hurricane )
*) Wind Y (Perpendicular to Windbreakwall)

- Structure Type = Wall Components and Cladding
(Min. Wind Velocity at Seaside Area
- Wind Speed = 56.59 MPh
according to PPIURG 1987)
- Exposure Type = D (Sect. 6.5.6, the structure at unobstructed areas )
- Importance Factor = 1.15 (Tabe 6.1, building classification category IV )
- Topographical Factor (kzt) = 1.00 (Sect. 6.5.7 )
Simplified method as rigid (considered as
- Gust Factor = 0.85 rigid structure because natural frequency of
structure 1 Hz)
- Directionality Factor (kd) = 0.85 (Table 6.4)
- Windward Coefficient (Cp) = 0.8 (Fig. 6.5)
- Leeward Coefficient (Cp) = 0.5 (Fig. 6.5)
- Case = Case 1 (Fig. 6.9, Full design pressure without torsional effects )
- Building Class. Category = Category IV (Table 1.1, designated hurricane )
Wind load definition in SAP 2000 shown in the following figure :

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Wind X (Parallel to Windbreakwall) Definition in SAP 2000
Wind Y (Perpendicular to Windbreakwall) Definition in SAP 2000

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*) Max. Wind Pressure = 11.64 kg/m

Wind Pressure Parallel (Wind X) to Windbreakwall in SAP 2000
LoadPat AutoLdType FY Z TribWidth TribHeight

Text Text Kgf m m m
WIND Y ASCE7-05 1,842.24 0.00 24 1.5
WIND Y ASCE7-05 3,684.48 3.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 3,780.02 6.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 3,931.19 9.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 4,045.10 12.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 4,137.46 15.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 4,215.64 18.00 24 3
WIND Y ASCE7-05 4,416.49 21.00 24 3.093
WIND Y ASCE7-05 3,614.37 24.19 24 2.494
WIND Y ASCE7-05 2,784.75 25.99 24 1.907
WIND Y ASCE7-05 2,952.63 28.00 24 2.006
WIND Y ASCE7-05 1,482.78 30.00 24 1
Wind Pressure Perpendicular (Wind Y) to Windbreakwall in SAP 2000

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I.3 Earthquake Load (Seismic Analysis)

Earthquake load or seismic analysis on the structure would be calculated according to RSNI 1726-201x
and Indonesia Earthquake Zone Map 2010 in which the code refer to IBC 2009. Earthquake load on the
structure would be analyzed by using Response Spectrum Function and Complete Quadratic Combination
(CQC) method . The parameter of earthquake load calculation shall be as follows :
Data Input
1. Risk Category of Structure = 3 see table 1, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 4.1.2
2. Soil Acceleration Parameter
SS = 0.7 g see figure 9 (map) RSNI 1726-2010
S1 = 0.25 g see figure 10 (map) RSNI 1726-2010
3. Site Classification = 4 see table 3, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 5.3
Data Output
1. Occupancy Importance (I) = 1.25 see table 2, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 4.1.2
2. Site Coefficient
Fa = 1.24 see table 4, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.2
Fv = 1 9 see table
1.9 t bl 5, RSNI 11726
26 sect.
t 66.2
2
So :
S MS = 0.868 g see eq. 5, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.2
S M1 = 0.475 g see eq. 6, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.2
3. Parameter Spectral Acceleration Design
S DS = 0.58 g see eq. 7, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.3
S D1 = 0.32 g see eq. 8, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.3
4. Response Spectrum Design
T0 = 0.11 s see eq. 11, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.4
TS = 0.55 s see eq. 12, RSNI 1726-2010 sect. 6.4
T Sa T Sa
0.00 0.23 1.95 0.16
0.11 0.58 2.15 0.15
0.55 0.58 2.35 0.13
0.75 0.42 2.55 0.12
0.95 0.33 2.75 0.12
1.15 0.28 2.95 0.11
1.35 0.24 3.15 0.10
1.55 0.20 3.35 0.09
1.75 0.18 3.55 0.09
Response Spectrum Graph For Seismic Analysis

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Ss Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x
S1 Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x
PGA Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

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CRS Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x
CR1 Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x
Earthquake load for seismic analysis would be defined automatically in structural analysis software
or finite element analysis software SAP 2000.
Response Spectrum Function in SAP 2000

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Scale factor to calculate base shear caused by earthquake load would be determined such as
follows :
Lateral Strong axis = 100%*9.81 m/s2*I/R ; where : I = 1.25, R = 2.5
Lateral Weak axis = 30%*9.81 m/s2*I/R ; where : I = 1.25, R = 2.5
Participate at vertical axis = 20%*9.81 m/s2*I/R ; where : I = 1.25, R = 2.5
% of Seismic mass for dead load = 100%
*) The structure assumed as wall structure using steel truss. Seismic analysis must be using 500 years return period
according RSNI 1726-20xx
J. LOADING COMBINATION
Loading condition used to design the structure where based on AISC-LRFD 1999, and ACI 318-05.
Loading combination with loading factor would be used to analyze the strength of structure and
loading combination without loading factor would be used to analyze the structure under service
condition or to check deflection of the structure.
*) Strength Analysis and Design Structure

1) 1.4 D
2) 1.2
12D+1 1.3
3 WX (Critical Loading Combination for Design )
3) 1.2 D + 1.3 WY (Critical Loading Combination for Design )
4) 1.2 D + 1 RSPX
5) 1.2 D + 1 RSPY
*) Deflection Check and Stability Analysis

1) 1 D
2) 1 D + 1 WX (Critical Loading Combination for Design )
3) 1 D + 1 WY (Critical Loading Combination for Design )
4) 1 D + 1 RSPX
5) 1 D + 1 RSPY
Where :
D = Dead Load
WX = Wind Load Acting Parallel to Windbreakwall Structure
WY = Wind Load Acting Perpendicular to Windbreakwall Structure
RSPX = Earthquake Load Acting Parallel to Windbreakwall Structure
RSPY = Earthquake Load Acting Perpendicular to Windbreakwall Structure
K. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
According to loading input, loading combinations, structural model and structural analysis process
in finite element software or structural analysis software SAP 2000, analysis result of windbreakwall
structure shown as follows :
K.1 Strength Ratio Analysis of Steel Elements

Strength ratio analysis of steel element would be determined according to AISC-LRFD 1999 such as
follows :
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Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Column Wide Flange Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

DesignSect RatioType Status Comb. Ratio
Text Text Text Text Unitless
Column C1 WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7 PMM No Messages COMB2_1.2D+1.3Wx 0.68
Column C1 WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7 PMM No Messages COMB4_RspX+1.2D 0.60
Column C1 WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7 PMM No Messages COMB3_1.2D+1.3Wy 0.46
Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Diagonal Column Tubular Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

Col. C2 CHS ; OD = 165.2 mm (6") PMM No Messages COMB3_1.2D+1.3Wy 0.98

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Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Diagonal-Horizontal Brace Tubular Profile - AISC-LRFD 99
(Perpendicular to Perforated Galvalum )
CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") PMM No Messages COMB3_1.2D+1.3Wy 0.10
CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") PMM No Messages COMB3_1.2D+1.3Wyy 0.10
Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Diagonal-Horizontal Brace Tubular Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

(Parallel to Perforated Galvalum )
CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5") PMM No Messages COMB6_1.4D 0.17
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Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Horizontal Beam UNP Profile - AISC-LRFD 99
UNP 50 x 38 x 5 x 7 PMM No Messages COMB6_1.4D 0.1
K.2 Deflection Check

Deflection check of windbreakwall structure will be using unfactored loading combination such as follows :
Deflection Check of Windbreakwall Structure

U1 U2 U3 UHor.Translation UHor.Allow
Checked
mm mm mm mm mm
-6.12
6.12 -15.68
15.68 -1.69
1.69 16.83 75 OK
-6.12 -15.68 -1.69 16.83 75 OK
-6.12 -13.63 -1.69 14.94 75 OK
-6.12 -13.63 -1.69 14.94 75 OK
-6.12 -12.85 -1.68 14.23 75 OK
-6.12 -12.85 -1.68 14.23 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.07 54.55 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.07 54.55 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.07 54.55 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.07 54.55 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.00 54.55 75 OK
6.75 54.14 5.00 54.55 75 OK
*) Allowable deflection = H/400, as per ASCE 7-05 Appendix C (Considering to minimize damage to cladding &
non structural walls )
All of steel element of windbreakwall structure has been designed includes corrosion allowance 1 mm
(Assumed for 10 years return period of maintenance) according to OCDI 2002.
Standard Values of Corrosion Rates for Steel Material
Source : OCDI 2002

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From the analysis result using SAP 2000 by checking the stress ratio of steel element on windbreakwall
structure and cosidering the corrosion allowance (1 mm), the design summarry shown as follows :
Height = 150 mm ; A= 1,785.00 mm2

Width = 75 mm ; Wx = 8.9E+04 mm3
- WF Profile Column =
Flange Thickness = 7 mm ; Wy = 1.3E+04 mm3
Web Thickness = 5 mm
Outside Diameter = 165.2 mm ; A= 5,330.00 mm2
- CHS Diagonal Column =
Wall Thickness = 11 mm ; W= 1.9E+05 mm3
- CHS Diag./Hor. Beam Outside Diameter = 139.8 mm ; A= 3,890.00 mm2
=
*) to wall Wall Thickness = 9.5 mm ; W= 1.2E+05 mm3
- CHS Diag./Hor. Beam Outside Diameter = 76.3 mm ; A= 1,520.00 mm2
=
*) // to wall Wall Thickness = 7 mm ; W= 2.4E+04 mm3
Height = 50 mm ; A= 1,420.00 mm2
Width = 38 mm ; Wx = 2.1E+04 mm3
- UNP Profile Beam =
Flange Thickness = 7 mm ; Wy = 1.6E+04 mm3
Web Thickness = 5 mm
K.3 Working Forces Analysis

Maximum working forces analysis on steel elements and base joints reaction of structure in factored
loading combination based on analysis result in structural analysis using SAP 2000 shown follows :
Max. Working Forces on Column C1 WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7

P V2 V3 T M2 M3
kg kg kg kg-cm kg-cm kg-cm
15213.04 -73.27 -22.89 -0.87 -1267.81 -5906.81
15213.04 -73.27 -22.88 -0.87 -1264.77 -5906.81
15213.04 -73.27 -22.86 -0.87 -1264.7 -5906.81
15213.04 -73.27 -22.82 -0.87 -1253.56 -5906.81
15213.04 -73.27 -22.79 -0.87 -1253.45 -5851.31
15213.04 -73.27 -22.67 -0.87 -1229.15 -5851.31
14688.84 -73.23 -22.62 -0.87 -1229.06 -5851.31
14688.84 -73.23 -22.51 -0.87 -1200.86 -5851.31
-4472.66 214.31 22.29 0.87 602.83 42845.24
-4472.66 214.31 22.17 0.87 602.57 42845.24
-4472.66 214.31 22.14 0.87 602.54 42841.28
-4060.68 214.26 22.1 0.87 602.14 42841.28
-4060.68 214.26 22.08 0.87 602.07 42837.91
-4060.68 214.26 22.07 0.87 523.19 42836.4
-4060.68 214.26 20.63 0.87 523.03 42836.4
-4060.68 214.26 20.54 0.87 522.19 42819.15
-4060.68 214.26 20.54 0.87 522.19 42819.15

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Max. Working Forces on Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6")

P V2 V3 T M2 M3
-23551.6 -166.63 -52.33 -1583.9 -5666.14 -6348.67
-23551.6 -166.63 -52.25 -1583.9 -5627.32 -6348.67
-23551.6 -166.63 -51.92 -1583.9 -5626.96 -6348.67
-23461.5 -166.63 -51.68 -1583.9 -5558.37 -6348.67
-23461.5 -166.63 -51.48 -1583.9 -5558.23 -6348.55
-23461.5 -166.63 -51.01 -1583.9 -5447.4 -6348.55
-23461.5 -166.57 -50.84 -1583.9 -5446.8 -6348.55
-23461.5 -166.57 -50.84 -1583.9 -5430.44 -6348.55
-23461.5 -166.57 -50.84 -1583.9 -5430.44 -6348.55
4635.63 47.08 45.1 1583.9 -5009.41 30252
4635.63 47.08 44.8 1583.9 -5009.41 30252
4635.63 47.08 44.58 1583.9 -5009.41 30249.41
4635.63 47.08 44.58 1583.9 5078.72 30249.41
4635.63 47.08 44.53 1583.9 5078.72 30247.26
4635.63 47.08 44.35 1583.9 5054.95 30247.26
4635.63 47.08 44.32 1583.9 5054.95 30246.82
4635.63 47.08 44.01 1583.9 5054.95 30229.26
4635.63 47.08 44.01 1583.9 5054.95 30229.26
4635.63 47.08 44.01 1583.9 5054.95 30229.26
Max. Working Forces on CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5")

P V2 V3 T M2 M3
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4701.79 -5731.84
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4698.45 -5731.84
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4652.12 -5731.84
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4611.3 -5731.84
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4604.34 -5723.61
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4517.96 -5723.61
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4510.46 -5723.61
-3677.01 -101.4 -25.19 -828.39 -4265.87 -5723.61
4883.33 85.11 44.2 956.2 4410.35 5547.28
4883.33 85.11 44.17 956.2 4409.99 5547.28
4883.33 85.11 43.5 956.2 4359.08 5539.16
4883.33 85.11 43.43 956.2 4358.99 5539.16
4883.33 85.09 43.19 956.2 4336.45 5501.51
4883.33 85.09 43.12 956.2 4336.34 5455.67
4864.61 85.09 42.95 956.2 4320.59 5455.67
4864.61 85.09 42.85 956.2 4313.13 5364.08
4864.61 84.99 42.81 956.2 4313.09 5364.08
4732.39 84.99 40.97 956.14 3427.13 4426.63

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Max. Working Forces on CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5")

P V2 V3 T M2 M3
-962.01 -49.51 -8.66 0 -1036.43 -5.865E-12
-962.01 -49.51 -8.66 0 -1036.43 -5.865E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -1036.43 -5.027E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -1036.43 -5.027E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -994.97 -5.027E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -994.97 -5.027E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -994.97 -4.189E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.66 0 -994.97 -4.189E-12
-962.01 -49.5 -8.18 0 -994.97 -4.189E-12
367.12 49.51 8.66 0 1036.43 5925.95
367.12 49.51 8.66 0 1036.43 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 1036.43 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 1036.43 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 994.97 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 994.97 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 994.97 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.66 0 994.97 5925.95
367.12 49.5 8.18 0 994.97 5925.95
Max. Working Forces on UNP 50 x 38 x 5 x 7

P V2 V3 T M2 M3
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 5.063E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 4.5E-14
0 -6.8E-16 -11.02 0 -3.962E-13 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14
0 6.75E-16 11.02 0 826.79 4.5E-14

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ax. Base Joint Reactions of Windbreakwall Structure in Factored Loads, a. WF Column, b. CHS Colum
F1a F2a F3a F1b F2b F3b
Kgf Kgf Kgf Kgf Kgf Kgf
-1639.47 -6182.07 -23627.08 -15.86 -2068.75 -4617.68
-1635.82 -4755.44 -23627.08 -15.69 -2060.72 -4617.68
-1635.24 -3801.77 -23538.59 -15.64 -2060.72 -4617.68
-1616.76 -3801.77 -23471.95 -15.52 -2031.27 -4617.68
-1615.51 -3683.54 -23471.95 -15.26 -2031.27 -3884.95
-1510.8 -3683.54 -23187.95 -15.22 -2007.35 -3884.95
-1508.61 -3468.86 -23187.95 -15.09 -2007.35 -3884.95
-1261.13 -3468.86 -21202.43 -15.04 -1967.54 -3884.95
-1258.32 -3430.13 -21202.43 -14.8 -1967.54 -3874.83
978.66 533.75 6320.05 2.71 407.56 23460.6
882.97 533.75 5391.87 2.71 407.56 23370.81
882.97 533.13 5391.87 2.71 407.56 23370.81
880.43 533.13 5391.87 2.71 407.56 23046.01
880.43 469.23 5391.87 2.66 342.57 23046.01
880.43 469.23 4861.57 2.66 342.57 22778.58
880.43 469.16 4109.36 2.66 342.57 22778.58
868.41 469.16 4109.36 2.66 342.57 22332.99
868.41 457.71 4109.36 2.65 341.93 22332.99
L. DETAILED CONNECTIONS OF STEEL ELEMENTS

Steel connections on windbreakwall structure will be using combination of welded and bolted connection.
Calculation based on AISC-LRFD 1999/AWS (American Welding Society ). Calculation of the connections
on windbreakwall structure shown as follows :
L.1 Connection Design for CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") to Column C1 or Column C2

This connection will be using welded connection. The calculation shown as follows :
- Height (d) 100 mm
- Width (b) = 139.8 mm
- tweld = 6 mm (welding thickness has been designed include corrosion allowance = 1 mm)
Calculation of the connection shown as follows :

2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 5.72E+06 mm4
Stress caused by shear forces :

V2-2_max = 101 kg
2
Awelded = (2*dweld)*tweld = 10.00 cm
Vmax
fV = = 10.14 kg/cm2
Awelded

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V3-3_max = 44 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 4.42 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 4,883 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 488.33 kg/cm2
Awelded
Stress caused by bending moments :

Tmax = 956 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 114.39 cm3
CoGwx
T 2
fhM = = 8.36 kg/cm
g
S
Ip
Sy = = 81.82 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 11.69 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 4,702 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 114.39 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 41.10 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 81.82 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 57.46 kg/cm2
S
M3max = 5,732 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 114.39 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 50.11 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 81.82 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 70.05 kg/cm2
S

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The strength of welded connection :

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2
Total working stress on connection :

ftot = (fv2 + fm2)1/2 = 501.2 kg/cm2 ; fn > ftot = OK
Connection Between CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") to Column C1 and Column C2
*) Calculate The Required Thickness of Gusset Plate

Required Dimension (Analysis for Critical Dimension at position 1 ) :
- Thickness = 8 mm (the thickness has been designed include corrosion allowance = 1 mm)
- Height = 350 mm (Critical Height of Gusset Plate at Position 1 )
Calculation of Plastic Modulus of Gusset Plate shown as follows :

Z = 0.25*tplate*d2
214,375 mm3
Calculation of Total Cross Sectional Area of Gusset Plate shown as follows :

Ag = tplate*d
2,450 mm2
Calculation of the strength of gusset plate due to working forces :

Mn = *Z*fy ; = 0.9, flexural yielding
482,344 kg.cm
Interaction of working forces Mu = 14,827 kg.cm
Vn = *Ag*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.9, shear + torsion yielding

33,075 kg
Interaction of working forces Vu = 260 kg

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Pn = *Ag*fy ; = 0.9, tension yielding

55,125 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 9,767 kg
Control the strength ratio of gusset plate at position 1 shown as follows :

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.21 OK, < 1
Required Dimension (Analysis for Critical Dimension at position 2 ) :

- Height = 139.8 mm (Min. Height of Gusset Plate at Position 2 )

Z = 0.25*tplate*d2
34,202.07 mm3

g=
Ag tplate*d
978.6 mm2

Mn = *Z*fy ; = 0.75, flexural rupture
64,129 kg.cm
Vn = *Ag*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

11,009 kg
Pn = *Ag*fy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

18,349 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 4,883 kg

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.38 OK, < 1
*) Calculate The Required Welded Thickness for Gusset Plate

- Height (d) 450 mm
- Width (b) = 8 mm

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2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 7.60E+07 mm4

V2-2_max = 203 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 4.51 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 88 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 1.96 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 9,767 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 217.04 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 1,912 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 337.82 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 5.66 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 19,002.38 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 0.10 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 9,404 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 337.82 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 27.84 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 19,002.38 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.49 kg/cm2
S

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M3max = 11,464 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 337.82 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 33.93 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 19,002.38 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.60 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

Gusset Plate at Connection Between CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") to Column C1 and Column C2
L.2 Connection Design for CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5") to Column C1 or Column C2

This connection will be using bolted connection. The calculation shown as follows :
- Bolt diameter = 16 mm
- Thickness of Gusset Plate = 8 mm
Bearing strength of bolts due to shear force (sect. J3.6 AISC-LFRD 1999 ) shown as follows :
Rn = *Fvb*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 9,952.57 kg
Rn use = 9,952.57 kg (standard hole )
Ru = 963.28 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Used 2 Bolts M16
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Bearing strength of bolts due to tension force (sect. J3.6 AISC-LFRD 1999 ) shown as follows :
Rn = *Ftb*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 18,698.76 kg
Ru = 8.66 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Bearing strength of bolts due to combination of shear & tension forces (sect. J3.7 AISC-LFRD 1999 )
shown as follows :
fv = Ru/n*Ab
23.50 MPa
Ft = 807 - 2.5*fv 621 MPa (Threads included in the shear plane )
621.00 MPa
Rn = *Ft*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 18,728.92 kg
Ru = 963.32 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
The strength of connection due to block shear (sect. J4.3 AISC-LFRD 1999 ) shown as follows :
Agv = 2*[Tp*(55 mm)]
880 mm2
Anv = Agv - 2*[Tp*{(0.5)*(16 mm + 3 mm)}]
728 mm2
Agt = [Tp*(48 mm)]
2
384 mm
Ant = [Tp*(48 mm - (16 mm + 3 mm)]
2
232 mm
fu*Anv = 29,848 kg
fu*Ant = 9,512 kg
Rn1 = 17,226 kg ; to be used when fu*Ant 0.6*fu*Anv
Rn use = 20,566 kg
Ru = 963.32 kg
Rn use > Ru OK

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Bearing strength of 1 bolt hole (sect. J3.10 AISC-LFRD 1999 ) shown as follows :
Rn = 1.2*Lc*tp*Fup 2.4*db*tp*Fup
Rn = 9446.4 kg
Ru = 481.64 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Control the strength of gusset plate at position 1 shown as follows :

Z = 0.25*tplate*d2
17,500 mm3

Ag = tplate*d
700 mm2

Mn = *Z*fy ; = 0.9, flexural yielding
39,375 kg.cm
Vn = *Ag*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.9, shear + torsion yielding

9,450 kg
Pn = *Ag*fy ; = 0.9, tension yielding

15,750 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 962 kg

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.21 OK, < 1
Control the strength of gusset plate at position 2 shown as follows :

2
Zn = (0.25*tplate*d ) - (n*Ab*s)
7,849 mm3
Calculation of Net Cross Sectional Area of Gusset Plate shown as follows :

An = (tplate*d) - (n*Ab)
298 mm2

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Mn = *Zn*fy ; = 0.75, flexural rupture
22,958 kg.cm
Vn = *An*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

5,228 kg
Pn = *An*fy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

8,713 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 962 kg

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.37 OK, < 1

- Height (d) 175 mm
- Width (b) = 8 mm
2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 4.49E+06 mm4

V2-2_max = 50 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 2.83 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 9 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 0.49 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 962 kg
2

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Vmax
fV = = 54.97 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 0 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 51.36 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 1,123.54 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 1,036 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 51.36 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = / 2
20 18 kkg/cm
20.18
S
Ip
Sy = = 1,123.54 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.92 kg/cm2
S
M3max = 5,926 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 51.36 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 115.38 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 1,123.54 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 5.27 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

*) Calculate The Required Welded Thickness for CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5")

- Height (d) 75 mm
- Width (b) = 76.3 mm

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2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 1.44E+06 mm4

V2-2_max = 50 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 6.60 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 9 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 1.15 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 962 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 128.27 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 0 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 38.48 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 37.83 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 1,036 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 38.48 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 26.93 kg/cm2
S

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Ip
Sy = = 37.83 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 27.40 kg/cm2
S
M3max = 5,926 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 38.48 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 153.99 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 37.83 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 156.66 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

Connection design of CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5") to Column C1 or Column C2 shown in the following
figure :
Connection Between CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5") to Column C1 or Column C2
L.3 Connection Design for Splicing Between Column C1 (WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7)

This connection will be using welded connection. The calculation shown as follows :
Moment (M3) distribution at profile :
Mutot = 42,845.24 kg.cm
Muweb = Iweb/Ix_prof.*Mu = 4,631.92 kg.cm
Muflange = Mu - Muweb = 38,213.32 kg.cm
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Moment (M2) distribution at profile :

Mutot = 1,267.81 kg.cm
Muweb = Iweb/Iy_prof.*Mu = 3.23 kg.cm
Muflange = Mu - Muweb = 1,264.58 kg.cm
*) Required Dimension for Gusset Plate at Flange :

- Height = 160 mm
- Width = 50 mm

Z1 = (0.25*tplate*Height2) => Considering strong axis
44,800 mm3
Z2 = (0.25*tplate*Width2) => Considering weak axis
4,375 mm3
Calculation of Cross Sectional Area (Considering Load Direction) of Gusset Plate shown as follows :
Ag1 = tplate*Height
1,120 mm2
Ag2 = tplate*Width
350 mm2

Mn = *Z1*fy ; = 0.75, flexural rupture
84,000 kg.cm
Max. working forces Mu3-3 = 38,213 kg.cm, working forces caused by M3flange
8,203 kg.cm
Max. working forces Mu2-2 = 1,265 kg.cm, working forces caused by M2flange
Vn = *Ag2*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

3,938 kg
Max. working forces Vu3-3 = 11 kg, interaction forces caused by V3 and T
3,938 kg
Pn = *Ag1*fy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

21,000 kg

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Maximum working forces Pu = 7,607 kg, caused by Pu
Control the strength ratio of gusset plate shown as follows :

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.97 OK, < 1
*) Required Dimension for Gusset Plate at Web :

- Height = 160 mm
- Width = 100 mm

Z1 = (0.25*tplate*Height2) => Considering strong axis
44,800 mm3
Z2 = (0.25*tplate*Width2) => Considering weak axis
17,500 mm3
Calculation of Cross Sectional Area (Considering Load Direction) of Gusset Plate shown as follows :
A 1 = tplate*Height
Ag1 *H i ht
1,120 mm2
Ag2 = tplate*Width
700 mm2

84,000 kg.cm
Max. working forces Mu 3-3 = 4,632 kg.cm, working forces caused by M3flange
32,813 kg.cm
Max. working forces Mu2-2 = 3.2 kg.cm, working forces caused by M2flange

7,875 kg
7,875 kg
Pn = *Ag1*fy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

21,000 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 7,607 kg, caused by Pu

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2 2 0.5
{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn) + (Vu/Vn) } = 0.42 OK, < 1
*) Required Welded Thickness for Gusset Plate at Flange :

- Height (d) 160 mm
- Width (b) = 50 mm
2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 4.41E+06 mm4

V2-2_max = 107 kg
2
Awelded = (2*d
(2 dweld))*ttweld = 16 00 cm
16.00
Vmax
fV = = 6.70 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 11 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 0.72 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 7,607 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 475.41 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 0.44 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 55.17 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 0.01 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 176.53 cm3
CoGwy

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T
fvM = = 0.002 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 632 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 55.17 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 11.46 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 176.53 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 3.58 kg/cm2
S

Ip
Sx = = 55.17 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 346.34 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 176.53 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 108.23 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

*) Required Welded Thickness for Gusset Plate at Web :

- Height (d) 160 mm
- Width (b) = 100 mm
2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 7.41E+06 mm4

V2-2_max = 107 kg
2

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Vmax
fV = = 6.70 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 11 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 0.72 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 7,607 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 475.41 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 0.44 kg.cm
Ip
p
S =
Sx = 92 67 cm3
92.67
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 148.27 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 0.003 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 1.6 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 92.67 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 0.02 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 148.27 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.01 kg/cm2
S
M3max = 2,316 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 92.67 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 24.99 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 148.27 cm3
CoGwy

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M
fhM = = 15.62 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

Connection Design for Splicing Between Column C1 (WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7)
L.4 Connection Design for Splicing Between Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6")
This connection will be using combination of welded and bolted connection. The calculation shown as
follows :
*) Required Welded Thickness for Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6") :

- Diameter = 165.2 mm
Calculation of the connection of steel square hollow section profile shown as follows :
Ip = (*d3/4)*te
Ip = 9.91E+07 mm4
V2-2_max = 167 kg

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2
Awelded = (*dweld)*tweld = 36.33 cm
Vmax
fV = = 4.59 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 52 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 1.44 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 23,552 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 648.28 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 1,584
1 584 kg
kg.cm
cm
Ip
Sx = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 1.32 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 1.32 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 5,666 kg.cm

Ip
Sx = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 4.72 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S

Ip
Sx = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 25.20 kg/cm2
S

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Ip
Sy = = 1,200.32 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 25.20 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E70xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2
*) Required Bolted Connection for Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6") :

- CoG of Bolt Group = 120 mm
- Thickness of Gusset Plate = 8 mm (Double Plate )
- Diameter of Gusset Plate = 300 mm
Rn = *F
*Fvb*Ab*n
* b ; = 0.75
0 75
Rn = 29,857.7 kg
Ru = 174.65 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Used 6 Bolts M16
Rn = *Ftb*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 56,096.28 kg
Ibolt = A*d2
4
1,158.12 cm
Mu*ymax
fbolt =
Ibolt
318.91 kg/cm2
Ru1 = 23,552 kg
Ru2 = Ab*fbolt
641.21 kg
Ru_tot. = 24,192.83 kg
Rn use > Ru OK

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shown as follows :
fv = Ru/n*Ab
196.74 MPa
315.16 MPa
Rn = *Ft*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 28,514.79 kg
Ru = 24,193.46 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Agv = 6*[Tp*(30 mm)]
1440 mm2
Anv = Agv - 6*[Tp*{(0.5)*(16
*{(0 5)*(16 mm + 3 mm)}]
)}]
984 mm2
Agt = [Tp*(240.6 mm)]
1924.8 mm2
Ant = [Tp*(240.6 mm - 6*(16 mm + 3 mm)]
1012.8 mm2
fu*Anv = 40,344 kg
fu*Ant = 41,525 kg
Rn use = 47,657 kg
Ru = 24,193.46 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Rn = 4132.8 kg
Ru = 174.65 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
*) Control The Strength of Gusset Plate :

The strength of gusset plate due to working forces shown as follows :
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Calculate the required end plate thickness due to axial working force :
D - 0.95 d
m= = 71.53 mm ; (m = n)
2
0.5
n' = (D.d) = 55.66 mm
4
Pumax.
fpu =
2
= 3.33 N/mm2
0.25D
tp(req.) = max(m, n, n')(2.fpu/(0.9fy))0.5 = 12.31 mm
tp(req.) < tp(act.) OK
Calculate the strength of end plate due to bending moment (Caused by Axial Working Force) :
Mmax = Pumax*0.25*D
8,664,052 N.mm
Z= (0.25*(tplate)2*D)
60,318.58 mm3
M =
Mn Z*f
Z*fy
15,079,644.74 N.mm
Mmax < Mn OK
Connection Design for Splicing Between Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6")
L.5 Connection Design for UNP 50 x 38 x 5 x 7 to Column C1

This connection will be using bolted connection. The calculation shown as follows :
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- Thickness of Gusset Plate = 6 mm
Rn = *Fvb*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 9,952.57 kg
Ru = 6.75E-16 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Used 2 Bolts M16
Rn = *Ftb*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 18,698.76 kg
Ru = 11.02 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
shown as follows :
fv = Ru/n*Ab
0.27 MPa
621.00 MPa
Rn = *Ft*Ab*nb ; = 0.75
Rn = 18,728.92 kg
Ru = 11.02 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Agv = 2*[Tp*(44 mm)]
440 mm2
Anv = Agv - 2*[Tp*{(0.5)*(16 mm + 3 mm)}]
345 mm2
Agt = [Tp*(48 mm)]
240 mm2
Ant = [Tp*(48 mm - (16 mm + 3 mm)]
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2
174 mm
fu*Anv = 14,145 kg
fu*Ant = 7,134 kg
Rn use = 6,489 kg
Ru = 11.02 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
Rn = 6199.2 kg
Ru = 3.38E-16 kg
Rn use > Ru OK
C l l ti off Pl
Calculation Plastic
ti MModulus
d l off G
Gussett Pl
Plate
t shown
h as ffollows
ll :
2
Zn = (0.25*tplate*d ) - (n*Ab*s)
2,849 mm3
Calculation of Net Cross Sectional Area of Gusset Plate shown as follows :

An = (tplate*d) - (n*Ab)
98 mm2

Mn = *Zn*fy ; = 0.75, flexural rupture
5,342 kg.cm
Interaction of working forces Mu = 827 kg.cm
Vn = *An*(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

1,101 kg
Interaction of working forces Vu = 11.02 kg
Pn = *An*fy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

1,835 kg
Maximum working forces Pu = 0.00 kg

{(Mu/Mn + Pu/Pn)2 + (Vu/Vn)2}0.5 = 0.16 OK, < 1

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- Height (d) 120 mm
- Width (b) = 6 mm
2 2
Ip = d*(3b + d )
6
Ip = 5.80E+05 mm4

V2-2_max = 0 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 0.00 kg/cm2
Awelded
V3-3_max = 11.02 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 2.30 kg/cm2
Awelded
Pu_max = 0 kg
2
Vmax
fV = = 0.00 kg/cm2
Awelded

Tmax = 0 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 9.67 cm3
CoGwx
T
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 193.44 cm3
CoGwy
T
fvM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
M2max = 827 kg.cm

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Ip
Sx = = 9.67 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 85.48 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 193.44 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 4.27 kg/cm2
S
M3max = 0 kg.cm
Ip
Sx = = 9.67 cm3
CoGwx
M
fvM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S
Ip
Sy = = 193.44 cm3
CoGwy
M
fhM = = 0.00 kg/cm2
S

fn = x 0.6 x E60xx = 1,898.10 kg/cm2

Connection of UNP 50 x 38 x 5 x 7 to Column C1

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M. FOUNDATION DESIGN
Foundation structure for windbreakwall would be designed by using combined footing system (concrete
element). Combined footing design for windbreakwall structure shown as follows :
Foundation Structure for Windbreakwall
Actual Working Forces on Foundation Structure for Windbreakwall

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M.1 Tie Beam Design

Design properties for tie beam shown as follows :
- Length = 3000 mm
b (width) = 350 mm
- Cross sectional dimension =
h (height) = 500 mm
- 1 = 0.85
- d (Effective Depth ) = 429 mm
- Concrete Cover = 50 mm
16 mm for flexural reinforcements
- Rebar Dimension =
13 mm for shear reinforcements
Sloof beam would be designed by using FEA Software SAP 2000. Joint element at beam span will be
using joint spring considering to analyze soil effect. Joint spring will be using values in the following
table :
kv = B*L*k s
1,050.00 kN/m
Source : Das, 1998. Priciples of Foundation Engineering

Typical Values of Soil Subgrade Coefficient
Joint spring on the tie beam would be using soil subgrade coefficient of stiff clay type . Tie beam
design in SAP 2000 shown as follows :
Tie Beam Design in SAP 2000
Extrude View of Tie Beam Design in SAP 2000

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Actual working load on tie beam shown as follows :
Fz = Hbrickwall*W brickwall = -187.5 kg/m

Additional Dead Load Caused by Weight of Brickwall
Live Load Caused by Foundation Reactions in Factored Loading Combinations
Loading combinations to analyze tie beam shown as follows :

*) Strength Analysis
1) 1.4 D
2) 1.2 D + 1 L
Analysis result of maximum working forces on tie beam structure in SAP 2000 shown as follows :
*) Unit in kg.m
Max. Actual Bending Moment (M3) on Tie Beam in Factored Loads (1.4D)
*) Unit in kg.m
Max. Actual Shear Force (V2) on Tie Beam in Factored Loads (1.4D)
*) Unit in kg.m
Max. Actual Bending Moment (M3) on Tie Beam in Factored Loads (1.2D + 1L)

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*) Unit in kg.m
Max. Actual Shear Force (V2) on Tie Beam in Factored Loads (1.2D + 1L)
Max. Working Forces on Tie Beam in Factored Loads

V2 M3
N N-mm
-194,737 -157,271,332
-194,711 -157,271,332
194,737 758,960
194,711 758,960
Flexural reinforcement design on tie beam would be determined according to SNI 2847-2002 sect.9.
The calculation will be using the following equation :
- Mn = Mu/ ; = 0 0.8
8 (reduction factor for flexural strength )
- max = 0.75 balance
- min = 1.4/fy
- req. = (1/m)*[1-(1-(2*Rn*m)/fy)0.5]
- balance = (0.85*f'c*1/fy)*(600/(600+fy))
-m = fy/(0.85*f'c)
2
- Rn = Mn/(b*d )
- Checked = min > req. > max
*) Calculation of flexural reinforcements

The calculation of flexural reinforcement for tie beam shown as follows :
Mn
Rn m req. min max balance used
N.mm
196,589,165 3.05 15.82 0.0084 0.0036 0.024 0.033 0.0084
As Min. Number Number Min. Bars Max.Distance (mm)

2 Rebars Installed
mm of Rebars of Layer per Layer between bars
1,258 6 2 3 160 6-D16
Shear reinforcement of the concrete tie beam would be determined according to SNI 2847-2002 sect.13
such as follows :
- Shear Stength of Concrete : Vc = (1/6)*(f'c)0.5*(bw)*(d) = 134,764 N
- Shear Stength of Rebars : Vs = (Av)*(fy)*(d)/(s) = 214,102 N
0.5
- Max. Shear Stength of Rebars : Vs_max = (2/3)*(f'c) *(bw)*(d) = 539,055 N

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- Total Shear Strength of Pile Cap : Vn = Vc + Vs = 348,866 N
- Actual Maximum Shear Force : Vu/ = 324,561 N
Vn > Vu/ OK
Vc + Vs_max > Vu/ OK, not required to change the dimension
Rebars intalled : 13 - 125
Detailed Reinforcements Design for Tie Beam
M.2 Bearing Capacity of Soil

Dimension plan of combined footing design for windbreakwall shown as follows :
- Bplan = 2.00 m
- Lplan = 6.00 m
- Dplan (Df) = 1.50 m
- Ix = 36.00 m4
- Iy = 4.00 m4
The calculation of combined footing shown as follows :
a) Determine bearing capacity of soil and foundation stability

Basic concept to analyze combined footing shown as follows :
Source : Braja M Das 2011, "Foundation Engineering 7th Edition"

Basic Concept to Analyze Rectangular Combined Footing
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Maximum actual joint reactions shown as follows :
Qvmax_act 1 = 6,320 kg at Col. 1
Qvmax_act 2 = 23,461 kg at Col. 2
Qh1max_act 1 = 1,639 kg at Col. 1
Qh1max_act 2 = 16 kg at Col. 2
Maximum combination of actual vertical and horizontal joint reactions shown as follows :
Qv_tot = 32,759 kg (Vertical)
Qh1_tot = 1,655 kg (Horizontal/Parallel to Width (B))
Qh2_tot = 8,251 kg (Horizontal/Parallel to Length (L))
Maximum actual bending reactions shown as follows :

CoGx = [Qvmax_act 1*(B/2)+Qvmax_act 2*(B/2)]/Qtot = 0.91 m, Parallel to B
CoGy = [Qvmax_act
vmax act 1*(L/2)+Q
( ) Qvmax_act
vmax act 2*(L/2)]/Q
( )] Qtot = 2.73 m, Parallel to L
ex = 0.09 m OK, e < B/6 ; stability against overturning
ey = 0.27 m OK, e < L/6 ; stability against overturning
B' = 1.82 m, effective width caused by eccentricity
L' = 5.45 m, effective length caused by eccentricity
A' = 4.96 m2 effective area of base foundation
Mx_tot = 2,978 kg.m (Horizontal/Parallel to Width (B))
My_tot = 8,934 kg.m (Horizontal/Parallel to Length (L))
Total pressure on soil caused by reactions on footing :

qu = (Q/A') (Mx/Wx) (My/Wy) + (Df*)
qu_max = 9,863 kg/m2
qu_min = 5,899 kg/m2
Note : if q min < 0, the dimension of base footing must be changed
Calculation of Ultimate and Net Allowable Bearing Capacity on soil shown as follows : :
[cu*Nc*Fcs*Fcd*Fci + (*Df)*Nq*Fqs*Fqd*Fqi + 0.5**B*N*Fs*Fd*Fi]/SF
qu_allowed =
14,492 kg/m2
qu_allowed - (Df*)
qnet_allowed =
13,217 kg/m2
SF = 2.0
Fcs = 1.08 ; Referenced by DeBeer (1970)
Fcd = 1.33 ; Referenced by Hansen (1970) for D f /B < 1 and > 0
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Fci = 1.00 ; Referenced by Hanna and Meyerhoff (1981)
Fqs = 1.02 ; Referenced by DeBeer (1970)
Fqd = 1.08 ; Referenced by Hansen (1970) for D f /B < 1 and > 0
Fqi = 1.00 ; Referenced by Hanna and Meyerhoff (1981)
Fs = 0.87 ; Referenced by DeBeer (1970)
Fd = 1.00 ; Referenced by Hansen (1970) for D f /B < 1 and > 0
Fi = 1.00 ; Referenced by Hanna and Meyerhoff (1981)
qnet_allowed > qu_max/min OK
Considering for possibility if foundation on weaker soil layer underlain by stronger layer. Check the position
of stronger soil soil shown as follows :

*) D = B for loose sand and clay soil
*) D = 2B for dense sand
Foundation on Weaker Soil Layer Underlain by Stronger Layer
Data properties of soil for critical stronger layer shown as follows :

- m, sat = 1900 kg/m3
- ' = 900 kg/m3 (Effective Unit Weight of Soil )
- = 6.9 deg. (Internal friction angle )
- Nq = 1.942
- N
- Nc
=
=
0.252
7.222
}
Taken from Caquot and Kerisel Table
- Cu = 7730 kg/m2 (Critical Undrained Cohesion )

- ah = 0.32 g (Seismic Coeff. )
- Hstonger layer = 13.50 m
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-D = 2.00 m
- Checked = D < H, bearing capacity calculation using soil properties of weaker soil only is valid
Calculation of Allowable Bearing Capacity on soil due to Uplift shown as follows : :

Maximum actual joint reactions :
Qvuplift max_act 1 = 23,627 kg at Col. 1
Qvuplift max_act 2 = 4,618 kg at Col. 2
Qvuplift_req. = 8,627 kg (Vertical uplift - Total weight of foundation)

Uplift Force on Shallow Foundation
0.107*Cu + 2.5 7
(Df/B)cr-square =
5.79 ; Cu must be in kN/m2
(Df/B)cr-square*[0.73 + 0.27(L/B)] 1.55*(Df/B)cr-square
(Df/B)cr-rectangular =
8.91
(Df/B)cr-req = 5.79
(Df/B)actual = 0.75
' = 0.13

Plot of ' Versus '
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' = 0.10 (lower limit)

A'{'*[7.56 + 1.44*(B/L)]*Cu + *Df}
Qu_allowed =
18,801 kg/m2
Qu_allowed > Qvuplift_tot OK
Actual Uplift Force on Foundation of Windbreakwall
Foundation Plan of Windbreakwall Structure
b) Pedestal Column and Anchor Bolt Design

Design properties for pedestal column shown as follows :
-S = 500 mm
- 1 = 0.85
- d (Effective Depth ) = 432 mm
- Rebar Dimension =
-H = 1000 mm

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Actual working forces on pedestal column :
Max. Actual Working Forces on Pedestal Column

N (kg) Vu2 (kg) Vu3 (kg) Vur (kg.m) Mux (kg.m) Muy (kg.m)Mur (kg.m)
6320.05 6182.07 1639.47 6395.77 1639.47 6182.07 6395.77
23460.6 2068.75 15.86 2068.81 15.86 2068.75 2068.81
The calculation shown as follows :

*) Slenderness Check for Pedestal Column
k*L/r < 22 = OK ; as per ACI 10.13.2 for Sway Frames
Where :
k = 2 , for fixed free condition
L = 1 mm
r = 0.1443 mm
*) Base Plate Design (for axial loaded only)

Pu/(c*0.85*f'c)
- A1reqq =
15 862 5 mm2
15,862.5
Try to be used base plate dimension :
- S' = 380 mm
Control dimension :
0.5*(0.95*d - 0.80*bf)
- =
12.39 mm, using the largerst dimension of column
0.5
(A1) +
-N =
138.34 mm OK < S'
A1/N
-B =
114.67 mm OK < S'
2
S'
- A1used =
144,400 mm2
S2
- A2used = 2
250,000 mm
Verify the concrete bearing strength :

0.5
(c*0.85*f'c)*A1*(A2/A1) (c*1.7*f'c*A1)
- Pp =
2,810,100 N OK > Nu
Calculate the required base plate thickness :

-m = 111.53 mm
-n = 111.53 mm
- n' = 36.60 mm

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-X = 0.11
- = 0.34
- n' = 12.45 mm
- = 111.53 mm
-fpu = 1.625 MPa
-tp_req. = 13.40 mm
-tp_used = 15 mm
*) Anchor Bolt Design

Actual working forces :
Nu = 51.72 kips caused by axial loaded only
Vu = 14.10 kips caused by shear force
nb = 4
Db = 0.748 in ; 16 mm
Ab = 0.439 in2 ; Pn = 43.8 kips (pullout strength)
fy = 35 ksi ; Vn = 22.7 kips (shear strength)
fu = 58 ksi
Detailed calculation of anchor bolt shown in the attachment 1 :
*) Reinforcements Design for Pedestal Column

0.01*Ag ; as per ACI 10.9.1
- Asmin =
2,500 mm2
(fby/fy)*0.75*Ab
- Asreq_bolt =
683 mm2
- Asreq_force (As required caused by actual forces) hown as follows :
- Rebar Dimension =
The calculation will be using the following equation :
- Mn = Mu/ ; = 0.8 (reduction factor for flexural strength )
- max = 0.75 balance
- min = 1.4/fy
- req. = (1/m)*[1-(1-(2*Rn*m)/fy)0.5]
- balance = (0.85*f'c*1/fy)*(600/(600+fy))
-m = fy/(0.85*f'c)
2
- Rn = Mn/(b*d )
Mn As
Rn m req. min max balance used 2
N.mm mm
79,947,103 0.86 15.82 0.0022 0.0036 0.024 0.033 0.0036 775

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So,
2
- Asinstalled = 2,500 mm
- ninstalled = 14 D-16 for flexural rebars
Shear reinforcements of pedestal column would be determined according to SNI 2847-2002 sect.13 such
as follows :
- Shear Stength of Concrete : Vc = (1/6)*(f'c)0.5*(bw)*(d) = 193,866 N
- Shear Stength of Rebars : Vs = (Av)*(fy)*(d)/(s) = 53,156 N
0.5
- Max. Shear Stength of Rebars : Vs_max = (2/3)*(f'c) *(bw)*(d) = 775,464 N
- Total Shear Strength of Pile Cap : Vn = Vc + Vs = 247,022 N
- Actual Maximum Shear Force : Vu/ = 106,596 N
Vn > Vu/ OK
Vc + Vs_max > Vu/ OK, not required to change the dimension
Rebars intalled : 10 - 300
c)) Base Footing

g Reinforcement Design g
Design properties for base footing shown as follows :
- bx (Width1) 2,000 mm
- by (Width2) = 6,000 mm
-h = 500 mm
- 1 = 0.85
- dx (Effective Depth ) = 426 mm
- dy (Effective Depth ) = 442 mm
- Rebar Dimension = 16 mm for flexural reinforcements
The calculation flexural rebars parallel to width will be using the following equation :
- Mn = Mu/ ; = 0.8 (reduction factor for flexural strength )
- max = 0.75balance
- min = 1.4/fy
- req. = (1/m)*[1-(1-(2*Rn*m)/fy)0.5]
- balance = (0.85*f'c*1/fy)*(600/(600+fy))
-m = fy/(0.85*f'c)
2
- Rn = Mn/(b*d )
Mn As
Rn m req. min max balance used 2
N.mm mm
37,225,813 0.034 15.82 0.0001 0.0036 0.024 0.033 0.0036 9,175

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So,
2
- ninstalled 46 D-16 for flexural rebars
=
D16 -125
The calculation flexural rebars parallel to length will be using the following equation :
Mn As
Rn m req. min max balance used
N.mm mm2
111,677,438 0.286 15.82 0.0007 0.0036 0.024 0.033 0.0036 3,058
So,
2
- ninstalled 16 D-16 for flexural rebars
=
D16 -115
Shear strength (consider X direction or parallel to width) of base footing shown as follows :
- Concrete Cover d' = 0.05 m
- d (Effective Depth ) d = h - d' = 0.426 m
- Critical distance to outside area of foot plat, ax = ( Bx - bx - d ) / 2 = 0.537 m
- Critical soil stress parallel to width,
qx = qmin + (Bx - ax) / Bx * (qmax - qmin) = 86.32 kN/m2
- Shear stress parallel to width, Vux = [ qx + ( qmax - qx ) / 2 - q ] * ax * By = 114.35 kN
- Width of shear area parrallel to width of footing L = By = 6,000 mm
- d (Effective Depth ) d= 426 mm
- Dimension ratio of pedestal column, c = bx / by = 1.00
Shear strength of foot plate shown as follows. :

Vc = [ 1 + 2 / c ] * fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 6,882 kN
-3
Vc = [ s * d / b + 2 ] * fc' * b * d / 12 * 10 = 5,552 kN
-3
Vc = 1 / 3 * fc' * b * d * 10 = 4,588 kN
Shear strength required : Vc = 4,588 kN
Reduction factor for shear strength, = 0.75
Shear strength of foot plate, Vc = 3,441 kN
Checked :
* Vc Vux
3,441 > 114.3 (OK)
Shear strength (consider Y direction or parallel to length) of base footing shown as follows :
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- Critical distance to outside area of foot plat, ay = ( By - by - d ) / 2 = 2.529 m
- Critical soil stress parallel to length,
qy=qmin+(Byay)/By*(qmaxqmin)= 80.37 kN/m2
- Shear stress parallel to length, Vuy=[qy+(qmaxqy)/2q]*ay*Bx= 164.46 kN
- Width of shear area parrallel to length of footing b = Bx= 2,000 mm
- d (Effective Depth ) d= 442 mm
Shear strength of foot plate shown as follows. :

Vc = [ 1 + 2 / c ] * fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 2,380 kN
-3
Vc = [ s * d / b + 2 ] * fc' * b * d / 12 * 10 = 4,300 kN
Vc = 1 / 3 * fc' * b * d * 10-3 = 1,587 kN
Shear strength required : Vc = 1,587 kN
Reduction factor for shear strength, = 0.75
Shear strength of foot plate, Vc = 1,190 kN
Checked :
* Vc Vuy
1,190 > 164.5 (OK)
Shear at X Direction (Parallel to Width of Foot Plate)
Shear at Y Direction (Parallel to Length of Foot Plate)

TTE033-2211-04-10-A0 Rev : A0
Doc. No : TTE033-2211-04-10-A0
Job. No : TTE033
Rev. No : A0
Date : 09/01/2013
Punching shear or two way shear strength of base footing shown as follows :
- Width of punching shear area parallel to width of footing, cx = bx + 2 * d = 1.352 m
- Width of punching shear area parallel to length of footing, cy = by + 2 * d = 1.352 m
- Punching shear force,
Vup = ( Bx * By - cx * cy ) * [ ( qmax + qmin ) / 2 - q ] = 659.24 kN
2
- Punching shear area, Ap = 2 * ( cx + cy ) * d = 2.304 m
- Circumfance of punching shear area, bp = 2 * ( cx + cy ) = 5.408 m
- The strength of foot plate due to punching shear stress, shown as follows. :
f p = [ 1 + 2 / c ] * f c' / 6 = 2.693 MPa
fp = [ s * d / bp + 2 ] * fc' / 12 = 2.312 MPa
f p = 1 / 3 * f c' = 1.795 MPa
- The required of Punching shear strength, fp =
1.795 MPa
- Reduction factor due to punching shear, = 0.75
3
Punching shear strength, * Vnp = * Ap * fp * 10 = 3,101.6 kN
Checked : * Vnp Vup
3,102 > 659 (OK)
* Vnp Pu
3,102 > 230 (OK)
Punching Shear on Foot Plate

TTE033-2211-04-10-A0 Rev : A0
Doc. No : TTE033-2211-04-10-A0
Job. No : TTE033
Rev. No : A0
Date : 09/01/2013
Shrinkage rebars would be determined such as follows :

- Minimum ratio of shrinkage rebars, smin = 0.0014
- Rebars area at X direction/parallel to width of foot plate Asx = smin* dx * Bx = 1,193 mm2
- Rebars area at Y direction/parallel to length of foot plate Asy = smin* dy * By = 3,713 mm2
- Rebars installed at X direction/parallel to width of foot plate D10 -125
- Rebars installed at Y direction/parallel to length of foot plate D10 -115
Detailed reinforcements design of foot plate shown as follows :

TTE033-2211-04-10-A0 Rev : A0

Windbreakwall Structure Design

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Windbreakwall Structure Design

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MIANG BESAR COAL TERMINAL PROJECT

B. REFERENCES AND CODES

b. Material of Welding Rod

c. Material of Bolt Element

d. Material of Anchor Bolt Element

e. Material of Concrete Element

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 1 of 60

f. Material of Steel Rebar Element

Front View of Windbreakwall

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 2 of 60

Side View of Windbreakwall

Structural model of windbreakwall in SAP 2000 shown as follows :

Basic View of Windbreakwall Structure in SAP 2000

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 3 of 60

- Cu = 3130 kg/m2 (Critical Undrained Cohesion )

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 4 of 60

Bore Hole Location

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 5 of 60

I.1 Dead Load

I.2 Wind Load

*) Wind X (Parallel to Windbreakwall)

*) Wind Y (Perpendicular to Windbreakwall)

Wind load definition in SAP 2000 shown in the following figure :

Wind X (Parallel to Windbreakwall) Definition in SAP 2000

Wind Y (Perpendicular to Windbreakwall) Definition in SAP 2000

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 7 of 60

*) Max. Wind Pressure = 11.64 kg/m

LoadPat AutoLdType FY Z TribWidth TribHeight

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 8 of 60

I.3 Earthquake Load (Seismic Analysis)

Response Spectrum Graph For Seismic Analysis

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 9 of 60

Ss Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

S1 Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

PGA Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

CRS Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

CR1 Classification Map According to RSNI 1726-201x

Response Spectrum Function in SAP 2000

*) Strength Analysis and Design Structure

*) Deflection Check and Stability Analysis

K.1 Strength Ratio Analysis of Steel Elements

Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Column Wide Flange Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Diagonal Column Tubular Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 13 of 60

Max. Strength Ratio of Steel Diagonal-Horizontal Brace Tubular Profile - AISC-LRFD 99

K.2 Deflection Check

Deflection Check of Windbreakwall Structure

Standard Values of Corrosion Rates for Steel Material

Source : OCDI 2002

Height = 150 mm ; A= 1,785.00 mm2

K.3 Working Forces Analysis

Max. Working Forces on Column C1 WF 150 x 75 x 5 x 7

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 16 of 60

Max. Working Forces on Column C2 Pipe ; OD = 165.2 mm (6")

Max. Working Forces on CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5")

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 17 of 60

Max. Working Forces on CHS ; OD = 76.3 mm (2.5")

Max. Working Forces on UNP 50 x 38 x 5 x 7

Miang Besar Coal Terminal Project Page 18 of 60

L. DETAILED CONNECTIONS OF STEEL ELEMENTS

L.1 Connection Design for CHS ; OD = 139.8 mm (5") to Column C1 or Column C2

Calculation of the connection shown as follows :

Stress caused by shear forces :

Vn = Ag(fy*0.6) ; = 0.9, shear + torsion yielding

Pn = Agfy ; = 0.9, tension yielding

Vn = Ag(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

Pn = Agfy ; = 0.75, tension rupture

Vn = Ag(fy*0.6) ; = 0.9, shear + torsion yielding

Pn = Agfy ; = 0.9, tension yielding

Vn = An(fy*0.6) ; = 0.75, shear + torsion rupture

Pn = Anfy ; = 0.75, tension rupture