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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE

EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Alexandria Division

TAREQ AQEL MOHAMMED AZIZ, M^

Plaintiffs/Petitioners

V. l:17-cv-116(LMB/TCB)

DONALD TRUMP, President ofthe United

States, ^ al..

Defendants/Respondents.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

In this civil action, the Commonwealth ofVirginia ("Commonwealth") alleges that

Executive Order 13,769, entitled "Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the

United States" ("the EO"), violates the First and Fifth Amendments to the United States

Constitution, as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act and Religious Freedom Restoration

Act. Before the Court is the Commonwealth's Motion for a Preliminary Injunction, to which

defendants have responded and on which oral argumenthas been held. Attachedto the

Commonwealth's motionweremultiple exhibits and declarations. The defendants have

responded withno evidence other thanthe EO, which theyhave defended primarily with

arguments attacking the Commonwealth's standing to oppose the EO and emphasizing the

authority of the president to issue suchan EO. Forthe reasons thatfollow, the Commonwealth's

Motion for a Preliminary Injimction will be granted.

I. FINDINGS OF FACT

A. The Executive Order

On January 20,2017, Donald Trump ("Trump") was inaugurated as the 45th President of

the United States. On January 27,2017, he signed the EO. Section 3 of the EO "proclaim[ed]
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