Math-2451-501 Multivariable Calculus Summer 2010

Homework 1
Due on: June 2, 2010.

Name:

Instructions: Please solve all the following problems. Show all your work in a clear and organized fashion.
You may use your textbook and notes. Work on your own and do not discuss the problems with your
classmates or anyone else. Please let me know if you have any questions concerning the problems or if you
need some hints.

1. Use vector notation to describe the triangle in space whose vertices are the origin and the endpoints
of vectors a and b. Explain your answer.

2. Determine if there is a plane in R3 which contains both lines l1 and l2 ; where:

8 8
< x = 2t + 3 < x = 3s 2
l1 : y = t+3 and l2 : y = 3s 1 :
: :
z = 3t + 8 z = 4s + 1

In the case such a plane exists, …nd its equation.

3. Find the line through (4; 1; 1) that intersects and is perpendicular to the line
8
< x = 1+t
l: y = 2+t :
:
z = 1+t

4. Show that the line l given by: 8

< x = 2+t
l: y = 2+t
:
z = 1+t
and the plane:
2x 3y + z 2=0
do not intersect.

5. Using cylindrical coordinates and the orthonormal (orthogonal normalized) vectors er ; e ; and ez (see
Figure 1.4.8 in your textbook),
(a) Express each of er ; e ; and ez in terms of i; j; k and (x; y; z) ; and
(b) Calculate e j both analytically, using part (a), and geometrically.

6. Find equations of the planes that determine the pyramid with top vertex at ( 21 ; 12 ; 1) and the base
vertices at (0; 0; 0); (1; 0; 0); (0; 1; 0); and (1; 1; 0).

7. Find AB; det(A); det(B); det(AB); and det(A + B) for

2 3 2 3
1 1 0 2 0 2
A = 40 3 25 and B = 4 1 1 15 :
3 1 1 1 4 3

8. Use the inverses of 2 2 matrices to solve the systems of linear equations which allow us to …nd the
vertices of the region D R2 determined by the following lines: 3x 2y = 13; 2x + 3y = 13; 3x 2y = 13
and 2x + 3y = 26.

1
 9. Show that
n n+1 n+2
n+3 n+4 n+5
n+6 n+7 n+8
has the same value for any n. What is this value?

10. Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vertices (0; 1; 0) ; (1; 1; 1) ; (0; 2; 0) ; (3; 1; 2) :

11. If there is a real number such that

n
!2 n
X X
xi x2i
i=1 i=1

for every xi 2 R, 1 i n, then …nd . If no such exists then explain why. (Hint: Solve for n = 2 or 3
and then generalize your result.)

12. Find a unit vector orthogonal to the line

8
< x = 2t 1
l: y = t 1
:
z = t+2

and the vector i j.

13. Sketch and describe the surface in R3 de…ned by the equation

x2 y2 z2
+ + = 1:
9 12 9

14. Let f : R3 ! R be a function given by

f (x; y; z) = 3x2 6x + 2y 2 + 4y z 2 + 4z + 1

and let L1 (f ) be the level surface of the function f at value c = 1:

(a) Describe the surface L1 (f ). That is, …nd its canonical form as a surface in R3 by completing squares,
and determine its intersections with the planes: x = 0; y = 0; and z = 0:
(b) Find the points of the intersections of L1 (f ) with the line
8
< x = 3t 25
l: y = 32 2t :
:
z = t + 23

15. Prove using algebra, the identity of Lagrange. For real numbers x1 ; ; xn and y1 ; ; yn :
n
!2 n
! n
!
X X X X 2
xi yi = x2i yi2 (xi yj xj yi ) :
i=1 i=1 i=1 i<j

Use this to give another proof of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in Rn :

2
 1. Use vector notation to describe the triangle in space whose vertices are the origin and the endpoints
of vectors a and b. Explain your answer.

3
 2. Determine if there is a plane in R3 which contains both lines l1 and l2 ; where:
8 8
< x = 2t + 3 < x = 3s 2
l1 : y = t+3 and l2 : y = 3s 1 :
: :
z = 3t + 8 z = 4s + 1

In the case such a plane exists, …nd its equation.

4
3. Find the line through (4; 1; 1) that intersects and is perpendicular to the line
8
< x = 1+t
l: y = 2+t :
:
z = 1+t

5
 4. Show that the line l given by: 8
< x = 2+t
l: y = 2+t
:
z = 1+t
and the plane:
2x 3y + z 2=0
do not intersect.

6
 5. Using cylindrical coordinates and the orthonormal (orthogonal normalized) vectors er ; e ; and ez (see
Figure 1.4.8 in your textbook),
(a) Express each of er ; e ; and ez in terms of i; j; k and (x; y; z) ; and
(b) Calculate e j both analytically, using part (a), and geometrically.

7
 6. Find equations of the planes that determine the pyramid with top vertex at ( 12 ; 12 ; 1) and the base
vertices at (0; 0; 0); (1; 0; 0); (0; 1; 0); and (1; 1; 0).

8
7. Find AB; det(A); det(B); det(AB); and det(A + B) for
2 3 2 3
1 1 0 2 0 2
A = 40 3 25 and B = 4 1 1 15 :
3 1 1 1 4 3

9
 8. Use the inverses of 2 2 matrices to solve the systems of linear equations which allow us to …nd the
vertices of the region D R2 determined by the following lines: 3x 2y = 13; 2x + 3y = 13; 3x 2y = 13
and 2x + 3y = 26.

10
 9. Show that
n n+1 n+2
n+3 n+4 n+5
n+6 n+7 n+8
has the same value for any n. What is this value?

11
10. Find the volume of the parallelopiped determined by the vertices (0; 1; 0) ; (1; 1; 1) ; (0; 2; 0) ; (3; 1; 2) :

12
 11. If there is a real number such that
n
!2 n
X X
xi x2i
i=1 i=1

for every xi 2 R, 1 i n, then …nd . If no such exists then explain why. (Hint: Solve for n = 2 or 3
and then generalize your result.)

13
 12. Find a unit vector orthogonal to the line
8
< x = 2t 1
l: y = t 1
:
z = t+2

and the vector i j.

14
13. Sketch and describe the surface in R3 de…ned by the equation

x2 y2 z2
+ + = 1:
9 12 9

15
 14. Let f : R3 ! R be a function given by

f (x; y; z) = 3x2 6x + 2y 2 + 4y z 2 + 4z + 1

and let L1 (f ) be the level surface of the function f at value c = 1:

(a) Describe the surface L1 (f ). That is, …nd its canonical form as a surface in R3 by completing squares,
and determine its intersections with the planes: x = 0; y = 0; and z = 0:
(b) Find the points of the intersections of L1 (f ) with the line
8
< x = 3t 25
l: y = 32 2t :
:
z = t + 23

16
 15. Prove using algebra, the identity of Lagrange. For real numbers x1 ; ; xn and y1 ; ; yn :
n
!2 n
! n
!
X X X X 2
xi yi = x2i yi2 (xi yj xj yi ) :
i=1 i=1 i=1 i<j

Use this to give another proof of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in Rn :

17