February 15,2017 To: Bradley Crowell, Director ‘Through: Kay Scherer, Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources From: Robert Houseman, Team Lead Aes Lite Valley Eacaped Prescribed Fir Final Report ‘The inal report forthe Little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review is presented tothe Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources as requested and authorize, ‘The report focuses on and documents elements ted tothe four objectives found inthe Delegation of ‘Authority dated November 10%, 2016, Included with the fou are two addtional objectives suggested for review by the Review Team and authorized by the Department. They are: 1. Anevaluation ofthe preseribed fre pan [an evaluation of involved personnels actions taken pursuant to the presribed fe plan. ‘determination ofthe factors that led to the presribed fire escape. Specific recommendations forthe conduct of future preseibed fies. Personne! traning and qualifications. Review of relevant State of Nevade laws and policy governing the planning and implementation of prescribed fire. (On behalf of our Review Team | want to thank you forthe opportunity to serve the requests ofthe Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Please fel free to contect me'f you have any auestions or need further assistance, Sincerely, Robert A Houseman Rabert Houseman Team leadThe Little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire ReviewThe ttle Valley Review Team Team Planning Section: Fire investigator: Fire Behavior Analyst: Technical Specialist: Safety: Operations: Loristes: Writer/Editor: ob Houseman, Incident Commander, USFS, FRAN, NIMO Buck Kline, Assistant District Manager, Satilla District, Georgia Forestry Commission Keith Mousel, Withlacoochee Forestry Center Manager, Florida Forest Service ‘Mike Melton, State of Utah, Southwest Region Fire Management Kelly Martin, Chief of Fire & Aviation, Yosemite National Park Rob Beery, GI, Fre Behavior Analyst Terri Knauth, Safety Officer, USFS, F&AM, NIMO Jon Teutrine, Operations Section Chief, USFS, F&AM, NIMO ‘Mark Regan, Assistant Fire Marshal, Battalion Chief, Public Information Officer, North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District James Starling, Logistics Chief, USFS, F&AM, NIMO Paul Keller, Writer Editor, Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center The litte Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 2Contents 1. Executive Summary. 4 2, BaCkEOURE nen ee 6 3, What Was Planned? ns smnnnnn a sen BL 4. Chronology of the Prescribed Fire — Day-to-Day. se BB 5. An Evaluation of the Prescribed Fire PlaRsnsniemnmnnnnninnnndd 6. An Evaluation of Involved Personne!’ Actions Taken Pursuant tothe Prescribed Fie Plane 17 7. Determination ofthe Factors that Led to the Prescribed Fire's Escape..23 8, Prescribed Fire Qualifications Summary. seve 85 8. Recommendations forthe Conduct of Future Prescribed Fie... 38 10. Appendices Appendix A~ Pertinent Laws Policies, and Proceduteseewnnnnnen AB ‘Appendix 8 ~ Topography, Fuels, Weather, Wind eninnnne 8 Appendix C— Community Outreach. a 69 Appendix 0 ~ Personne Training and Qualifeatons. sone 10 Appendix E~ Prescribed Fire Chronology... — a ‘The Lite Valle Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 31. Executive Summary “The Nevoda Division of Forestry fuel treatments and prescribed fire policy is established to treat fuels and mitigate threats to the public, and to protect, enhance, restore and/or maintain ‘rtical plant communities.” Nevada Division of Forestry Administrative Manual, ‘ire Treatments and Prescelbed Fire, 06040.0 The Little Valley Prescribed Fire was conducted by the Nevada Division of Forestry {NDF) between Oct. 4-7, 2016. Mop-up began immediately upon completion of each unt and continued through Oct. 13, Inthe early hours of Oct. 14, a approximately 0138 hours, wildland fre~subsequently named the “Ui Valley Fre’— was detected along the ridge between Little Valley and Wathoe Vale. Influenced by exceptionally high winds, the wildland fre pushed dawn canyon into 3 subdivision along Franktown Road. While rapid response and evacuation of residents saved human ves, tragically the fre [wa fire | rot | wm wa wn Jan [ww [as [wa [se [om [ow ™ So > % ‘toler Recorded W/o Apple ‘Outside of Prescription Parameters Marginal Prescription Parameter “The little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 474 On Oct 4, gnitions commenced at 1120 in Unit 2. At 1457, gnitions began in Unit 3. ignition were complete in Unit 3 at 1645 and at 1817 in Unit 2. One small slopover occured and was, Aulcly extinguished. Ten acres were completed in Unit 3 and 20 acres were completed in Unit 2. Wednesday Oct. 5 ‘The morning briefing on Oct. § was presented ina wlfie format and didnot follow the briefing checklist (Element 10). The briefing specially covered Sof the 12 checklist items. Based on observations ofthe video taken during the morning beefing, there seemed tobe some confusion fn the plan presented at that briefing (on Oct. 5 the prescribed fire was out of prescription on the cool end for Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Wind Direction based on Little Valley RAWS (LV RAWS) and onsite observations. (See ‘Table 2 below.) ‘+The Go/tlo-Go form was signed fr Unite 1 and 2 by the Burn Goss Trainee, Only qualified ‘Burn Bosses should sig the form, "Yes" was circled for “Are ll prescription parameters met.” + Test fe. weather was recorded on the frm, but test fire location and results were not recorded onthe form (ass stated onthe form to dol Table 2~ Dopiction of onsite conditions on Oct. § compared with preserbed fire plan prescription parameters using the Little Valley RAWS (LV RAWS) and onsite observations ‘recorded inthe Litle Valley Unit Log. Peeserption ‘Observations ~ October ™ Parameters | Ome | WT ome TW Tome | Wome | one Toe | Toe zw [52 [aga WA a waft [wa uA NA fone | on | a wa fan [wa [os wa [as [wa [os [wm fom |v woah a befor ‘Outside of Prescription Parameters ‘Marginal Prescription Parameter Teh ecoed vt Ropizable + Oct. 5 ignitlons began at 1089 on the remainder of Unit 2 Ignitions were started on a portion of Unit 1Lat 1619. Igtions were completed on both units at 1802. The Bur Boss reported 90 acres completed in Unit? and 10 acres completed in Uni 1 ‘Negative make impacts began to occur on Oct. Sin nelne Village, Based on an interview and supplied notes, Washoe County Air Quality Management District (AGMD) called the Burn Boss inthe afternoon at 1645 and expressed concerns with air qualty and asked the Burn Boss not to burn onthe “The ite Vallay Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 18nextday Thursday, Oct 6) nan interview with the Burn Boss he stated that he didnot recall a phone conversation with AGMD on Oct. 5. “Thursday Oct ‘The next day, Thursday Oct.6, the prescribed fire was out of prescription on the cool endfor Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Wind Direction for most ofthe burn day, based on LV RAWS and onsite ‘observations. (See Table 3 below.) ‘+ The Go/N-Gofoxm was signed for Units 4 andS by the Burn Boss Trainee. Only qualified urn Basses should sig the form, "Yes" was ced fr "Are all resrition parameters met." 1+ Test fre weather was cecorde on the form. But test fire location and results were not recorded onthe frm (ass stated on the form to do). ‘Table 3 ~ Depiction of onsite conditions on Oct. 6 compared with prescribed fir plan prescription parameters using the ite Valley RAW (LV RAWS) and onsite observations recorded in the Little Valle Unit Log. Presciption a ‘Observations — Oetober 6™ Parameters. |W Ooi |W [ore |W Tone |r [nme |] Om |] Oa | oe Tshot Record WAC Npcable Outside of Prescription Parameters “Marginal Prescription Parameter 4 Oc. 6 nitions Bogan at 1131 In Unit and were completed at 1430. lgitions began in Unit 5 at 1500 and were completed at 1700, A total of 15 ares were completed in Unit 4 and three acres were completed in Unit. (nthe morning of Oct. 6, Washoe County AMO again made contact withthe Burn Boss due to significant smoke impacts overnight in Washoe Valley. AAMO stated that conltions were not favorable for continuing burning This was not clearly understood by the Bure Boss. He stated that he wae informed of complaints only Saveral ational calle occurred throughout the afternoon of Oct. 6 in which the Burn 605s stated he undetstod the significance ofthe smoke impacts, but lighting had already commenced on Units 4 and 5 and would be completed for ieightr safety ‘A verbal amendment tothe prescribed fire plan was completed at 1630 to allow for all wind Aliectons with 2 20 ft wind speed up to & mph. This amendment, done between the State Forester and the Burn Boss, was documented through an email The ttle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 19Friday oct. 7 ‘® On Friday Oct.7 the prescribed fie was in prescription based on LV RAWS observations, however onsite observations show two separate I-hour periods in which the prescribed ire was cut of prescription for relative humity (33%), While wind direction and speed were below the prescribed fire plan prescription threshold, they were allowed under the Oct. 6 amendment tothe prescribed fire plan (See Table 4 below.) ‘+The Go/No-Go form sed for burning this day was the same form used for Unit Lon Oet. 5 signed by the Burn Boss Trainee. There was no signature or date fr burning on Oct. 7. Anew form should have been completed by the Burn Boss valldating the decision to proceed wit 2 signature/date 1+ Test fire-weather was recorded on the frm, but test fire location and resuits were not recorded on the form ass stated onthe form todo}. ‘Table 4~ Depiction of onsite conditions on Oct. 7 compared with prescribed fire plan preseription parameters (modified after the second prescribed fe plan amendment on 10/6 at 1630) using the Little Valley RAWS (LV RAWS) and onsite observations recorded inthe Lite Valley Unit Log. Prescription ‘Gbzervations = Octobar™ (With Amendment) Parameters X]T Om| | mY ome |e Pome | [| Oa eae 2% 2s se BB [ow Poe fw fae Pow Bim [88 Tam [wa [am [wa [> [wa [am [mm [ooo [wa [> [wa [ao [wa tne [wa fm [az wa fax [um [ar [wa [a2 [wa [rr fam foe [na [ow wet lofoe fe [ow fw fe [@ le le [ow [we fo fm [= [me Ses Twa ts ba — ba ber bape fp foe rf isp Terao Wt Apple Outside of Prescription Parameters ‘Marginal Prescription Parameter & On Oct. 7, two key leadership positions onthe prescribed fire, the Holding Division Supervisor (O1VS) and the Extended Holding DIS, were vacated due to other commitments. On that day, the Regional FMO stepped in to cever both ofthese postions. This tatfing level fll below the required number of DIvS a stated in the Sept. 30 amendment to the prescribed fire plan 4 on Oct. 7, Washoe County AQMD again made an attempt to have the prescribed fire reduced or hated due to unfavorable conditions through an eral to Sera Font Dispatch Center at 0828 hours), This message was not relayed tothe Burn Boss. At 1058 hours, Washoe AAMD contacted the Public information Officer (P10) and asked that burning be stopped. The PIO referred them tothe State Forester At 1100 hours, AAMD spoke withthe State Forster to express thelr concems for publichealth and to compel NOF to cease burning. The Lite Valloy Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 20‘Overall Review Team Observations ‘Many ofthe communications from Washoe AGMD to the NDF regarding the negative smoke impacts ‘went directly to Sierra Front Dispatch a tothe PIO. it appears that many ofthese communications ‘wore not passed onto the Burn Boss ‘The Go/No-Go Cheeklst has an element that ass: “Are ALL smoke management specifications met?” This element was ecled "Yes" forall days of burning, ‘The prescribed fire plan (Element 1) states that smoke impacts to potential sensitive receptors will bbe mitigated by encuring that burring wil take place when mixing heights and transport winde are favorable, On Oct. 6-7, NOF was informe from AMO thet conditions were not favorable, lgrtions began at 1255 in Unit 2, on Oct. 7. Conditions from the test fre were not acceptable the fre ‘was extinguished and a second test fire was intited at 1220 ina different location. The second test fire yielded favorable conditions and ignitions proceeded. gnitions were completed at 1545; 80 acres were completed, ‘The prescribed fre plan (Element 20 requires monitoring for favorable smoke transport through ‘ocular estimation. NOF Policy (NOF Fie Protection Manual) requires monitoring of smoke dispersal ‘There was no evidence of monitoring conducted by NDF burn personnel ‘Mop-up began immediately after each unit was completed. Mop-up continued from et. 8 through (Oct. 13, Normal mop-up procedures were used, including the utilization of large amounts of water. ‘Mop-up allowed the prescribed fie plan and in many cases exceeded the requirements for mop-up distance “Mop-up was supervised Oct 9-12 by the Burn Boss Trainee. The Burn Boss was noton site but ‘ecelved regular updates 2-3 times per day from the Burn Boss Trainee. The Burn Boss was onsite on ct. 13. (Oct. 41 was the last day any ofthe Eastern Sierra Camp crews were assigned tothe prescribed fre, ‘They were available beyond Oct 12. There was sil active mop-up occurring onthe burn units and the ‘wind event was in the forecast. The Buen Boss and Burn Boss Traine believed that they could handle ‘mop-upwith thei local resources. The Buen Boss Trainee stated that they kept one ofthe Eastern ‘Sierra Camp crews one day longer than intially planned because ofthe mop-up work that stil remained, ‘The Burm Boss andthe Buen Boss Trainee discussed the high winds forecast forthe night of Oct. 13 Based on the limited amount of heat near the controllines, success ofthe current mop-up effort, and ‘the rskto firefighters workin in timber during high winds, the decision was made to not staff the prescribed fir the night ofthe Oct. 13 ‘Snot weather forecasts were requested everyday during the prescribed fire as well on Oct. 811,12, {and 13 during the mop-up phase. The forecast included statements fr high winds beginning on the ‘Oct 11 thrathe night of Oct. 13. The spot weather forecast for Thursday Oct. 13 didnot include a Fre ‘Weather Watch or Rel Flag Warning The Little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 21Safety/Risk Ineldont Action Plan (IAP) ‘© The Little Valley Prescribed Fire di havea deleated Safety Officer (SOFR) and 2 Safety Officer Traine (SOFR-T) A safety briefing was given during morning briefings. ‘Tho Ute Valley Incident Action Plan (IAP) di include a complete Medical Plan (ICS 208 WF) forthe prescribed fr. The Medical Incident Report, which sa part of the Medical Plan, was not used. This repor (also known asthe 9-Line) would have provided personnel step-by'step instructions on who was responsible for certain actions during medical stations on the prescribed tie. 4 There were no discussions for an “Incldent- Within an-neident” during operational briefings. Tis Aiscussion would have given burn personne! the opportunity to have questions answered or concerns addressed up front about emergency protocol onthe prescribed fire. Everyone would have hear the ‘ame information a the same time. It would have glen fol an opportunity to view the Medical, Incident Report before twas needed, eview Team Observations Risk Analyse “Values at Risk were not identified or discussed during operational briefings. This information would have provided valuable information to al personnel onthe incident a to what those values were, were they were located, and why they were valuable. ‘© A dalek analysis that Mente hazards and miigtions was not done forthe prescribed fre. The itl Valey Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 227. A Determination of the Factors that Led to the Prescribed Fire Escape A. Validation of Cause and Origin investigation site visits November 10 ‘The Review Team made ase vist to gain an overview ofthe execution of the prescribed fire in Lite Valley. This overview tour was conducted by the Prescribed Fre Burn Boss and the Preseibed Fire Burn November 11 {site Vist wae conducted by the Review Team to examine the factors surcounding the escape, Burn pattems and fir spread indicators lead the investigators back to the general area of origin. Due to the time that had passed (29 days) since the escape, only macro indicators were avaiable and elable. Miro spread indicators had been disturbed by fire suppression activity and several inches of precipitation, rendering some ofthese indicators unreliable. Using the information avalable, the General Area of Origin for the escape ofthe Little Valle Prescribed Fire was Mentifed November 18 ‘After reviewing the Fire Cause and Origin Investigation Team report released by te fire investigation ‘team assigned to investigate the Uitle Valley Wildfire, 2 sie sit was conducted with the investigators {om the Bureau of Land Management (BL), Carson ly District, The Investigators walked though thelr ‘observations and methodology that they used while conducting thelr investigation During tis vis an opportunity arose to interview these BLM investigators regarding what they observed within the prescribed tre area Unt 1. Both stated that they observed multiple areas of heat and smoke in Unie 2 within close proximity tothe “Area of Origin’ that they had identified. These statements are ‘supported by photo documentation taken by one of the investigative team members from the Nevada ‘State Fire Marshal's fic, More detalls were requested regarding the most probable heat source(s thatthe fr investigation team had identified within thee report. The Fie Cause and Origin Investigation report references a “stil hot ‘stump hole” which the investigators pointed aut. During the st visit, the fre investigation team measured the distance of the stump hole tobe 34 feet Sinches west ofthe "Area of Origin’ of the Little Valley Wildfire, There were also two areas where they pointed out that burning rots from that stump hole surfaced. They measured at 40 feet Linch and 41 fet inches west ofthe area af origin, Conciusion Regarding Cause and Origin Investigation The Review Team reviewes the following: the Fre Cause and Origin Investigation Team report, the supplemental report, viewing and analyzing al ofthe photos taken of the origin area, interviewing the investigators, aswell as personal observations. The findings ofthe Fire Cause and Origin Investigation Team fd the methodology in which the investigation was conducted was cnfiemed by the Review Team to mest vildland fire investigation standard practices. The itl Valley Escaped Prescrbed Fire Review 23Figure 3 Photo shows smoke trom areas in Unit smoldering ance tothe aoa of cape on Oc. 18, ‘midday, port-escape. Notice the disturbance onthe forest Noor crested by mop-up operation that had ‘occured pir to the escape. 5. Causal Factors Contributing to the Escape Presence of Heat in Unit 2 The Fire Cause and Origin Investigation states, and the associated photographs taken around the origin area of the ite Valley Wildfire clearly show, that restual heat was present inthe south end of Unit Lon Oct. 14 Upon ariva ofthe fie investigators, approximately 12 hours after discovery General Mop-Up Operations Mop-up af the prescribed fire commenced on Saturday, Oct. 8 and continued through Oct. 11, in everse sequence tothe fring that had occurred “standard wildland fire mop-up practices appear to have been used by the asigned resources. This, as evident the interviews of personel ai inns viewed 4 Water supply was not an issue with multiple rat sts available within the project area and a water tender assigned through Oct. 1. “Hand crews were reportedly supported by engines and the water tender, All personne! understood the mop-up standard end state tobe 100% for 100 fet from the perimeter. & Units 3, 4, and 5 were mopped-up 100% due to their relatively smal sie + The Little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 24‘Table 5 ~ Staffing onsite each day of mop-up. Racus [Ome | ond | oni0 | onli | oni? | onis Tasso] —T r 7 5 T 7 Tie aad area] —7 7 7 7 7 7 Teta] —T 7 r 7 7 z Meeeed| 3 2 2 2 2 2 and a 7 7 7 7 7 | eerie —r 7 7 = 7 = wera) a | w o » ‘ ‘Mop-Up Operations on Oct. 1243, Interviews with NDF personnel that were assigned to mop-up operations on Ott. 12-13 were conducted on Nov. 15 with follow-up interviews on Nov. 16 ‘The followings a general summary of events that occurred on Oct, 12, Amore specie ineline of events that ‘occurred during the mop-up hours on Oc, 13s presented onthe next page. October 12 4 Personnel briefed by Burn Boss Trainee and then he patrol ine on foot, $ 20950, Buen Boss Trainee reports to Minden Dispteh: Lite ton heat in Units 3,4, and S; will, Continue to mop-up 100 feet in on Units 3 and 2 ‘& Primary focus forthe morning of Oct. 12 was the eastside ridge of Units 1 and 2for the NDF Heltack personnel, consisting of 7 crew members. They found very few smokes within 100 feet of the line and pushed farther into the units, 300feet plus. The itl Vale Escaped Prescrbed Fire Review 25“The Heltack perzonnel were told and were aware thatthe east ridge fe the mest vulnerable area of escape—with predicted high winds from the west. 4 Inthe afternoon the Heltack personnel made a sweep of Units 3,4, and S, They found afew scattered smokes and extinguished them, then made another sweep of the ridgeline of Units 1 and 2—not much found tere ‘Primary assignment forthe Type 6 Engine Crew was road patrol, keeping an eye on all nits with focus fon Units 1 and 2, and worked smokes in Units 1 and 2. October 13 700 (On duty at Eastlake station Briefing + Engine 5160 1+ Heltack Crew (8 personnel) ‘© Burn Boss and Burn Boss Trainee Helitack personnel and Engine depart Eastlake Station, 30 (Onsite. Discovered biglog/stump burning by rad in Unit 2 across from "No Burn area Engine and al Helitack worked the area, Helitack Crow splits into three groups: Group 1 (2 personnel went south from Little Valley Road along the rdge in SE Unit 1. No heat found ‘+ Group 2 (3 personnel) started up the ridge north in Unit 2 from Little Valley Road. Group 2 finished and joined Group 2 for a total ofS personnel at this time. Found heat onthe line near the south end ofthe ridgeline in Unt 2. Worked this area. Groups 182 continued north ‘long the ridgeline in Unit 2. Noted some heat well interior down the hil in Unit 2 ‘+ Group 3(3 personnel) drove northto check units 3, 4,5. Ne heat found. 000 Engine 5260 calls Group 3 onthe radi, 264 for help in Unit whee they have multiple smokes 3000-1200 Group 3, Engine 5160, Bum Boss and Bum Boss Trainee all work smokesin Unit 1"riangle” which isthe SW ‘r60of Unit 1 thats imbered, bounded by the Clif Brothers Road on the northeast, west of Escobedo Road, north ofthe south boundary of Section 17, and east of the large meadow in Unit 1. 1100-1200 Group 3 drives to north end of project and pulls hose and tanks. The tle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 23200 All Heltack personnel meet at SNOTEL stein Unit 2for lunch, (SNOTEL site fs the weather site for recording snowfall) 3300 Helitack notices heavy smoke interior in Unit 2in snag patch jst south of the SNOTEL site. ll wet to check Snag patch deemed too hazardous to work nthe area, aa20 “= Burn Bots and Burm Bose Trainge call Heltack Crew on rad to “Came aff of the hil by 2530" ‘Burm Boss and Burn Boss Trainee leave the site for Eastlake Station, 1490-1500 ‘A Heltack and Engine personnel pul gear in Unit 3 area and load most oft onto the engine. 00 "© Engine 5160 and 3 Heltack Crewmembers in plckup vehicle depart the area back to Eastlake Station. ‘©The remaining 5 Heitack Crewmembers recheck Units 3,4, 5. Think they see smoke In Unit S—but determine that's ust ash picked up by the win. No eat found in Units 3,45, ‘+ As the crow s driving out they notice blown-down tres that fl since they drove in + -Avthe "YJunetion” they notice dit tmoke from the area ofthe “Triangle” in unit. ‘+The Helitack Squad Leader recons the reo where the smoke fe coming from, 115.1630 ‘+The crew tools up and starts dry ‘mapping the “Titangle” where the smokes are coming from. These smokes are described as pproximstely one-quarter acre in size, burning in te duff surounded by black, + One crewmember states hecan see ‘more smokes to the south oftheir location +The Helitack Squad Leader makes a phone call to Engine 5260, +The Heltack Squad Leader states weather conditions are deteriorating with increases in wind speed ‘Engine 5160 calls Burn Boss Trainee to Figure View ofthe area referred to asthe “Tangle” where the relay information from Heltack Heltac Crew reported heat latin the day on Oct. 13. regarding the Triangle ia Unit 2 ‘The Ll Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 2711645-1700 Engine 5160 cals back, The crew is told to return to Eastlake Staton Ifthe ares they are workings not a thea tothe tne 1730 ‘The Heltack personnelis back at Eastlake Station ©. Weather Conditions The weather conditions were okey contributing factor tothe escape ofthe Lite Valley Preserbed Fre. The most prevalent weather factor to affect this escape was the wind. As the area came under the influence ofthe approaching low pressure system, weather conditions atthe prescribed fire site deteriorated, ‘The Heltack personnel estimated that the wind was out ofthe west at 10-15 mph with gusts to 20 mph. The «raw aso stated that they had noticed trees had fallen n Unit 2 st approximately 1600 and branches were falingin the “Triangle” ares of Une that they were dry-mopping due to the increasein wind speed Infact, the tte Valley Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) located inthe southwest portion of Unit 1 approximately 400 feet fom the point of escape, was recording wind speeds of 11-13 mph with gusts of 31 {45 mph from the west during the last wo houts the Heltack personnel was onsite, The conditions atthe prescribed fire site after the Heltack personne eft, up until the time the Little Valley Wile was dscovered, Isilustated in Table 6 (below). This table ceary shows the increasing strength inthe wind speed and especialy the wind gusts. (Fr more information, see Appendix 8.) Table 6~ The Little Valley Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) Data Date Time Temp. RH | Wind Speed | Wind Direct. | Wax. Gust iss | 1738 7 31% | 1Smph | West 3 iss | 1838 35 37% | aSmph | West % ijsns | 1938 33 39% | a7mph | West 3 qjsjs | 2038 oF 36% | ddmph | West 3 qjas | 238 oF 3am | aSmph | WwW s qjays | 2238 BF mx [asm | West ry ijsyie | 2338 Fr 2% | 20mph | West 3 Topps | — 0038 oF ax | témph | Wet 7 Tones | 0136 oF ae Tomph | West 6 “Most Probable Time of cape. __"Appronlmate Time of Discovery ofthe Lite Valley Wier. The itl Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 28orgs Figure 5~ This photo ilustrate computer program called "WindNinjo" which uses weather models to Create o recreate wing tha lowe aror the tran An interview with a National Weather Service (NWS) Meteorologist revesled that the Little Valley area is noted fr being one ofthe most wind-prone area for strong downslope wind storms inthe Reno Forecast Zone, NWS described the weather event that occured the evening of Ot. 13 andinto Oct. 14 as an "exceptional Storm.” Topography appears to be part ofthe answer as to why the area is noted for exceptional wind speeds ilastration ofthe wind and topography relationship is depicted ina "WindNinja" modeling program run (see Figure S above). This run shows that a “Ventu” effec is caused by sadle inthe ridge tothe southwest of the Litve Valley Preserbed Fire site. The prevaling wind in this model is set a 30 mph and shows the rate of acceleration of the wind as passes through the saddle southwest ofthe prescribed fie ste. D. Fuel Conditions ‘The fuels targeted in the prescribed fie treatment were Fre Behavior Fuel Model (FBFM) GRASS 4 (GRA Moderate Load, Ory Climate Grasses) with a fuel bed depth of approximately two Feet. FBFM TLE (Long: "Needle Liters found predominantly on the eas side (western aspect) of the vale. There are also scattered pockets of FBFM 2 (Low Load Grasses with a Shrub Component) found in some areas where the timber transition tothe grass fuel type. In these areas, the deep dufflayers 1,10, and 100-hour fuels and a scattered light brush component in the understory ofthe mixed confer stand were targeted. (For ‘more information, see Appendic 8.) ‘The Eastern Sierra Fron, including the Little Valley area, was under the influence of longterm drought. (See ‘Appendix Seasonal drying had occueted over the prescribed fie area during the previous summer months The tle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 29‘The area was unusualy dry forthe time of year, before receiving 2 quarter of an inch ofran/snow just prior ‘tolmplementing the prescribed fire. While this mpeded burn operations early nthe project, the area quickly recovered to the previously very dry condition ‘Duet the precipitation received on Oct. 3 the burn depth nt the duff, stumps and roots in Units 3, 4, and 5d not burn as deep as occured in Units 1 and 2. Units 3, and 5 were also relatively smallin comparison toUnite 2 and 2 and were therefore quickly mopped-up 8y the time Units 1 and 2 were completed and mop-up began, the effects ofthe precipitation that had been previously received was nonexstent. This allowed fire to penetrate the duff ayer and burn deep into the ate 1800s logging operations’ stumps and their oot et by timber harvest. Subsurface Hest Difficult to Locate Subsurface heat under the forest loo canbe somewhat dificult to locate, The duff layer and decomposing stumps can smolder under the forest floor without showing smoke until these components are disturbed and sufficient oxygen is introduced tothe smoldering fuel. The smoldering fuel ll then show itself and begin producing smoke and accelerate its buring—éepending onthe available oxygen and fuel. Such subsurface ‘smoldering ares can be dificult to locate without extra measures being used such a “old tralling,” the ‘method of locating heat by using the back of abare hand to feel for hidden heat that then must be dug-up and extinguished. Infrared (IR) handheld devices are also useful tools to help in locating residual heat that may be hiding under the forest floors surface. The firefighters interviewed stated that they did col tral while mopping-up but did not have access ta infrared detection device, There is evidence of digging associated with mop-up from photos (see Figure 3) taken by the fre Investigators. Butts also evident that residual heat was still present close t the Area of Origin ofthe wie. Dog Lg in the Control Line [tthe general area of origin of the wife, 2 portion ofa two track road was used asthe preseribed fire's contrel line, This twostrack ead runs in a general east to west direction along the southern edge of Unit 3 and the northern portion ofthe U.S. Forest Service property This toad and constructed hand ine compris the south boundary of Unit Acthe area of origin of the wire the two track rad makes a bend from a general east west direction and runs for approximately 30 feet in a north-south direction, then bends back in a general east.west direction ‘nce again. Using this combination of existing road and hand line kepta smal buffer of state land between the Unit 1 boundary and Forest Service and tothe south ‘The bendin the conte tne or “dog ee” conteibutng factor tothe escape ofthe prescribed fire, The portion of the two-tack road that bends and uns north-south fr 30 fet placed the hot stump cited by the Fire Investigator, oo elas anyother bung materia in pronkniy of tis tot stump, wpa of the are of ign of the wildfire. From the edge ofthe prescribed fire to the natural fel bed outside ofthe contro line approximately ten feet. The Lite Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 30=. Figure 6 Phot indicates the generalcation of the hot stump relative to the general wind ieton ‘The ite Investigators located the hot stump hole and measured itto be 34 fet 9 Inches from the natural fuel bed ofthe area of origin. Again, tis portion ofthe line was perpendicular tothe strong pevaling wind (See Figure 6 above.) The litle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 31Figure 7~Blowup ofthe" Wind Ninja" photo showing the general wind and speed, as wells the containment line With the "dog lg”thatindeats the wldfi’s re of origi, Figure 8 (below) = provides close-up vew of the vi’s gin and the dog” (Origin of the wile teenie ea, | | “The itl Valley Escaped Prescrbed Fire Review 32Lite Vatey Area Figure 9 Lite Valley Bure Unt and Escaped Fire Perimeter Map. The Ll Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 33Summary "Multiple causal factors contributed tothe escape a the Little Valley Prescribed Fie: 4 The presence of heat in lose proximity tothe contro line in Unit , stated inthe Unit Log entry on (ct. 13, in adeltion to photo evidence from Ot. 14 | Resdval heat remained within the 100 foot mop-up specication. 4 Focus was placed on the east side of Units 1 and 2. | with knowledge ofthe impending wind event, staffing continued to decrease on the two days peor to the escape 4 Wind. specifialy, the westerly wind that was present Oct. 13 that was strong enough to disturb the forest floor and introduce oxygen tothe smoldering materials on and under the duff layer—in some Instances, bringing them toa free- burning sate ‘4 ‘The ind was strong (13-20 mph sustalned winds with gusts of 33-87 mph) enough to transport fre brands rom the hot stump as well as other burning materials present inthe prescribed fire area such as small confer cones, needles, et. ‘4 Precipitation moderated burn depths in Units 3,4, and 5, making mop-up quick and easy “® In Units Land 2 the effects of this precipitation were short-lived, The ees quickly returned to. very dry condition due to prolonged drought coupled with adrer than normal period prior tothe prescribed fire's implementation “The dry duff fel bed in the area of origin ofthe Little Valley Wife was extremely receptive to lantion sources under the extreme wind concltions present the evening of Oct. 13, | The “dog leg” in the control ine shortened the dletance that burning material would have to travel to receptive fuel outside ofthe unitin the trong prevailing winds The Ll Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 348. Prescribed Fire Qualifications Summary ‘A comprehensive assessment of individual raining records was performed on all personnel that assisted with the Ute Valley Preseribed Fre. This assestment consisted of verifying individual qualification and fitnes=, levels for incident Command System (ICS) positions utilized on the Little Valley Prescribed Fie. (Se Apendic 2) The assessment uted documentation rom indvidual taining records and incldent Qualification System ecards (105) a5 the bess for comparison against the NWICG Wieland Fe Cuaiication System Guile (PMS 310-1) requirements for each postion. The Nevada Dision of Forestry Policies and Pracedures for Prescribed Burns/Fire Protection Manul/Chapter 5 states within the Qualfatons section thatthe PMS 310-1s the Nevada Division of Forestry (NDF) Standard for prescribed fire qualifications The NDF has addtional training requirements for certain prescribed fire postions and those addtional raining requirements were also assessed, The palcy further states that al NDF personnel will met the minimum requirement fr those postions identified in Table 7 Table 7 ~ Nevada Division of Forestry Prescribed Fire Qualifications (Bold Pit represents NOP’ adtonal requirements and postions) Fear | — ae Fe] aed | —Fegaied rae | ra Wine | ‘wetnngs | naa | tetbock ea re] WT Neve ore] Read anager ea) Feces] — Nae are Weed “ia ° [reseed re] ares} er |r | Rear cine feu | ten [-resamet ree} —mesere—| es ea] | Ree ae Besos 00 ‘ta Bn Fears | — Rr a a | ee ae ‘ha Fao 7 wes yr | ra} vila! Mee Sars) ete rar a Fi aaa | Ree wa Fo) ca sss | ar 158 — Wore} ne REE Novos ara aa ea "8X83 not required to have RX-341. The level of Burn Plan prepared ust be commensurate with repare's qualifications. The tle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 35After a complete assessment of records that were provided, there were aeitional points of clarification asked ‘of and provided by one ofthe twa NOF training officers regarding the qualification and training certification procedures that ae curently in place for NDF personnel Observations ‘The qualification section as outed in ND Policies and Procedures for Prescribed Burns/Fke Protection Manual/Chaptr 5 does not clearly define the training requirements for other positions in addition to the nine tat are mentioned which may be utlleed on prescribed fies + The assessment of individual along and 10S qualification records nceates that tthe time of hire to the agency, the RX82 was fll qualified under the PMS 310-1 standards but lacked documentation of ‘the additional traning requirements as requited by NDF policy fortis postion. twas discovered that ‘uring the year 2016, the RXB2 was aunt instructor at the Truckee Meadows Community College on three separate occasions forthe NOF addtionally required training courses forthe RXB2 positon, hich would allow certification to be granted fr these adeltional taining requirements + The assessment of individual training and 10S qualification record indicates that one ofthe Division Supervisor (DVS) positions is lacking documentation of to required traning courses as requled for this postion in the PMS 310-1. + The assessment of individual talning and 10S qualification record indicates that one of the ONS Trainees is ncking documentation of two required training courses as required for this position in the Pas 304 '® The assessment of individual training and 10S qualification records indicates thatthe Fring Boss (FRB) is fully qualified under the PMS 310-1 standards but lacks documentation ofan addtional raining requirement as required by NDF policy for this posto. ‘© The assessment of individual traning ané 10S qualification record inacates that one ofthe Safety “fticer(SOFR) postion is lacking documentation of two required training courses as required fr this position in the PMS 310-1 4 The assessment of individual tralning and 1 qualification records indicates that one ofthe Firefighter Type 2(FFT2) postions slacking documentation of one required training couse as ‘required for this postion inthe PMS 310-2. ‘& The assessment of individual training ané 10S qualfieation record indicates that the remainder ofthe NDF personnel entiied to this Review Team as being utllzed on the ite Valley Prescribed Fire met ‘the caqurements for thelr espective positions 3s required inthe PMS 310-1 and/or addtional NDF traning requirements ‘© The assessment indleated that prior to 2008 there was no formal database, sucha: 10, which was tized forthe earumentation of india texning and qualification requisement for NDF preconne ‘which may provide aciect nk back to some missing documentation components ‘The assessment finding indicate lack of documentation for certain required valning components for some fre department personnel as documented in indivigual QS records provided to the Review Team. The Review Team analyred NDF Policies and Procedures for Prescribed Burns; Nevada Revised ‘Statute, Interlocal Contract Between Local Agencies and Master Cooperative Wildland Fire ‘Management; and Statford Act Response Agreement in an effort to locate wording that clearly defines the traning requirements for utilizing fre department personnel an NDF prescribed fire The Lt Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 36projects. The assessment could not verify in writing the individual raining requirements policy for Utilizing fire department personnel on NDF prescribed fires. (For more information, See Appendix.) Considerations ‘Clearly define the language as stated inthe NDF Plies and Procedures for Prescribed Burs/NOF Fire Protection Manval/Chapter 5 which would provide that clear directives on which ICS postions ‘ized on preserbed fies are required to adhere to the PMS 310-1 standards and addtional NOF requied trainings for prescribed fies, 4 Evaluate all NOF personne! 10S and individual training records to ensure compliance with the PMS {310-1 a5 required inthe NDF Polis and Procedures fr Prescribed Burns/NDF Fire Protection Manval/Chapter. + Clearly define in policy the minimum traning requirements for fre department personnel ulized on prescribed fre projects. ‘Provide clear diecton inthe NDF Policies and Procedures fr Prescribed Burns/Fre Protection ‘Manval/Chapter 5 which outlines the process fr training documentation and certification of NDF personnel ‘© Provide clear direction inthe NDF Policies and Procedures fr Prescribed Burns/Fre Protection Manval/Chapter 5 which outlines the roles and responsibilities of the NOF Red Card Qualification and Certification Committee wit regards to qualiietion, certification, and verification of inevidval 10S and traning records, The ite Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 379. Recommendations for the Conduct of Future Prescribed Fires leis notable that while the Review Team determined the planning, preparation, and implementation ofthe ttle Valley Prescribed Fire was cased out within the framework of current state laws and polices, the team was not abe to confi full compliance in all areas due ta missing information, records, and vague verbiage linking state policy to national standards. [A Specific Recommendations ‘The following specie recommendations have boenaynthesed from key absorvtions and anahece conducted by the Littl Valley Escaped Preserbed Fre Revew Team. These recommendations ae not confined to site spect scale planning and implementation but extend to include up through the programmatic scale. 1. NDF Policies and Procedures for Prescribed Burns ‘Clearly define and communicate the Intent ofthe language stated inthe “NDF Policies and Procedures for Prescribed Burns/NDF Fie Protection Manual” (see Appendix A) contained inthe fllowing sections: ‘a. Projet Planning ‘The last sentence in Project Planning stats: “If potential negative impacts fom smoke or other particulates could accur an assessment of potential downwind impacts using an appropriate smoke ‘management model willbe completed.” Recommendation Clearly define what an “appropriate smoke management mode” i b. Prescribed Fire Projects Bullet number 4 states: "Al Prescribed Fire Plans will contain the required elements as laid out nthe Prescribed Fie Plan template” ‘Recommendation Clearly define ifthe intent ofthis statoment indicates thatthe template referred tois the NWCG Prescribed Fire Template. If 0, clearly define ifthe NDF agency expectations are to utlize the NWCG Prescribed Fire Planing and implementation Gulde (PAIS 484) as 3 required planning too for completing the template Qualifications Recommendations Clearly define the language a5 stated in this section of policy which would provide clear intent onthe ‘qualifications standard that would apply to any ICS postions utiized on prescribed fires, as wel as any required adallonal NOF taining elements if applicable. Clearly define te poy or drectve which defines the india eral relevent fo wing ine department personnel or other cooperating agencies on NDF prescribed fire projects 4. _Presribed Fire Monitoring Recommendation Require the use ofthe Fire Elects Monitor (FEM) position on prescribed fkes to ensure that onsite weather observations, brn behavioral patterns, and smoke dlspersal data can be collected during the project which cn be helpful tothe bum boss, preseibed fire resources, local a quality agencies, and the National Weather Service regarding fre effects, weather, and smoke management. ‘The itl Valle Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 382. Nevada Laws on Forestry and Fire Nevada Revised Statutes NRS 527.122 through 527.128 (For the complet ent ofthese statutes, See Appendix A) Evaluate the following NRS statutes in order to define and communicate the intent as stated, 1. NRS 527.126 — Requirements to conduct fire; governmental immunity 4. Section 2{b) states: Under the direct supervision ofa east one person who Is qualified to oversee such fres and who remains onsite forthe duration af the fr. Recommendation Clerly define the intent of the term “duration ofthe ie.” 2. Section 3 state: A cantrole fre which commenced pursuant to ths section and which complies with aws relating to air polltion shall be deemed inthe best interest ofthe public and not to constitute publi or private nuisance. ‘Recommendation Clerly define the intent of the term “nuisance.” b, NRS 527.128 - written Plan 4. Section (estates: A description of the meteorological factors that must be present before commencing a controled fre, including surface wind speed and direction transport wind speed {and direction, misimum eixing height, minimum relative humidity, maximum temperature and fine fuel moisture, ‘Recommendation [Ensue that all burn practitioners understand and comply with the minimum requted ‘components when developing Preseribed Fire Plans as stated in this state statute 2. Section 1d) states: A description of consideration related to common behavioral patterns of fires inthe ares tobe burned, including various burning techniques, the antilpated length ofthe flame and the anticipated speed ofthe fie. Recommendation Ensure that all urn practitioners understand and comply with the minimum required ‘components when developing Prserbed Fire Plan as stated inthis state statute 8. General Recommendations 1, NWOG Prescribed Fire Planning and Guldanceas Policy Within NDF For the preparation ofthe prescribed fie plans, incorporate the NWCG Interagency Prescribed Fire Panning and implementation Gude (PMS-484) as policy within the Novada Division of Forestry (NDF). Ensure that prescribed fire plans meet the direction and intent of ths guide. 2. Smoke Management For the management of smoke clearly define the environmental variables that can cause negative smoke impacts and develop prescribed fre plans to mitigate these Impacts. Specially ‘a. Conduct appropriate smoke modeling as part ofthe prescribed fie planning process. Model both plume and emissions Define prescription elements that wil minimize smoke Impacts and include these in prescribed fire plans {Identify sensitive receptors and build prescriptions to avoid impacting them, ‘The Lite Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 394. Utilize smoke modetng during burn days to validate current conditions and potential smoke impacts ‘6. Monitor and document smoke throughout each prescribed fre for potential impacts, 4 Utiize smoke management mitigation techniques "best management practices” (Smoke Management Guide for Presribed and Wildland Fie, PMS 420-2) & Cosely coordinate with air quality regulators. Post-Burn Evaluations Ensure that burning fs conductee in accordance wit ee elements ofthe prescribes fe plan. To better refine future plans, consider conducting post buen evaluations af prescribed ire execution compared tothe plan, Techniques/Standards 4. Use “wet water” (water containing a wetting agent surfactant [foam] to reduce the surace ‘tension which allows the water to penetrate deeper into burning materal as 2 mop-up standard, especialy in heavy duff and liter fuels, Utilize hancheld infrared (IR) equipment to assist in locating heat signatures during mop-up procedures, ‘6 Plan smaller burn units. Burn, hold, and mop-uppriar to moving t other units. This method wil help with implementation and smoke management as related tothe prescribed fre. Smoke Modeling Products | Utilize an appropriate smoke modeling product fr this fuel type and terrain which considers weather parameters that would compute ar pacel trajectories and dispersion or depostion of atmosphere pollutants and provide a sual naicator of potential downwind smoke impacts and concentration levels, b. Request smoke modeling products from the local National Weather Service office as planning tool to help mitigate potential impacts to health and human safety, both before and during prescribed fire projects. {&Ifsmoke impacts to health and human safety are made known, ensure theta smoke management ‘models tized wich wil model both plame and emissions. Inlvidual Personnel Training and Qualifications 2. Evaluate all NOF personne’ individual IOS ad training records to ensure compliance withthe PMS 310-1 as required by NDF policy 1b. Cleary define in NDF policy the minimum traning requirements for uiling ire department personnel on prescribed fre projects, ‘& Geary define in NOF policy the roles and responsbiltes ofthe NOF Red Card Qualfation and Certfestion Committee regarding quafcation, certifiation, and verification of individual IQS and training records, The Ut Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 407. Prescribed Fire Plan Technical Reviewer 2. Consier that outside technical reviewers of prescribed fre plans meet the same requirements for [NDF personnel as stated in NDF policy Utilize loca and management agency personnel as qualified techieal reviewers in accordance to NDF poly, especialy on projects that may impact their area of responsibilty. 8. Presribed Fire Plan 18 Tor the preparation of prescribed fre plans, incorporate the NWCG Interagenoy Prezeribed Fire Planning and implementation Gude (PMS-484) as policy within NDF, Ensue that prescribed fire plans meet the direction and intent of ths guide. 'b, Ensue that urn operations are conducted in accordance wit al elements, including prescription parameters ofthe proseribed fie plan. When amendments are made tothe prescribe fre plan, develop a process to ensure that the Plan le reviewed and verfy that al elements, including prescrntion parameters, are stl vai 4. Ensure that amendment ae executed timely in order to meet NDF pole requirements (Le. timing/eview/appeoval prior to burn execution). fe, Eneure that the Go/No-Go checklists signed exch day by the Bum Boss. {Ensure thatthe Go/No-Go checks aligns with all required elements as described in the prescribed fre pan |& Consider conducting post-burn evaluations of prescribed fre execution in comparison tothe plan inorder to better refine future plans. 9. Weather Observations 1. HFonsite weather observations do not align with National Weather Serie provided spot weather forecasts, communicate observations tothe National Weather Service and ask for validation of the spot weather forecast provided 10. Parnerships/Relationships ‘8, Work collectively with local land management agencies, cooperators, and the general public on all aspects of prescribed fie projets, through inception, planning and completion. Involve them early inthe process. b. Communicate frequently with focal land management agencies, cooperatrs, and the generat publi to provide periodic updates on prescribed fie projects (6 Workina collaborate efor to bulla cohesive lane management partnership with al land ‘management agencies and cooperatrs along the Siera Front 4. Strengthen partnerships with ar quality agencies to educate each other on agency regulations, ‘missions, goals, and visions to better serve the general publi and to protect human health and safety The little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review #2Utiize the experience and expertise of qualified personne! from local land management agencies ‘and cooperatorson prescribed fre projects to strengthen personnel silsets within the NOF and further broaden and reinforce partnerships along the Sierra Front, Collaborate with local land management agencies, cooperators, and the general public to workin ‘unified effort to promote the benefits of prescribed fires into the future, AL, Safety ‘Along withthe ICS-206 Mecica Plan, use the Meslal Incident Report, which isa part ofthe Metical Plan. The rapor (alo known a the Sine) provides personnal step-by-step instructions ‘on who is responsible fr certain actions during an acident. Discuss an incident Within an-ncident during operational briefings. This allows the opportunity to have any questions answered or concerns addressed upfront, Everyone hears the same Information at the same time, This also provides folks an opportunity to view the Meslal Incident Report beforeit’s needed For prescribed fire briefings, utilize the prescribed fire briefing checklist as described in Element 10 ofthe Interagency Prescribed Fire Planning and Implementation Guide PMS 484). 44. When Incident Action Plans IAP are developed fr prescribed fire projets, include a briefing checklist the document as described in the Interagency Prescribed Fire Panning and Implementation Gude (PMS 484, Page 31), 12, Risk 8, Identify and dlscus Values at Risk during each briefing This provides information t all personne onthe prescribed fre a to what thore values are, where they're lecated, and why they're valuable, b, Prepare a daily risk analysis that identifies hazards and miigations onthe incident. Discuss ‘during each operational briefing Have a future vision of ik Management for the Nevada Division af Forestry. Consider exploring ‘wali opportunities that ensure consistency in aplication of Risk Management concepts and principles as applied to managing wildland and prescribed fre. The tle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 4210. Appendices Appendix A ~ Pertinent Laws, Policies, and Procedures The Le Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 43NEVADA LAWS ON FORESTRY AND FIRENRS CHAPTER $27 - PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF TIMBERED LANDS, TREES AND FLORA PROTECTION OF TIMBERED LANDS |SRS27000 Catt ating roma a aber nM ste le oles thane as ‘SRS S27120 Catt ating rea a tbe te eal ‘SRSSTIN0 fw a fact af tel popes |SRS-22.48 Comat of previo PROTECTION OF TREES AND FLORA PROTECTION OF CHRISTMAS TREES, CACTIAND YUCCA, SRS. Deion. ‘Si S00 Rote eed fr romeval or pono fr cmt arp prt ad pm ‘Nis 5 on Cab organs of tt Foret Few ofa edo pores; pon of prctds wean SS S212 Pat CONTROLLED FIRES ‘SRS S720 Reguatons ‘SRSSTLG¢ Rett condet ev gerenaitl monty ‘SRSSE8 Weta plo CONTROL OF FOREST INSECTS AND DISEASES SRS 27180 Deaton, S740 Pape poses fa cote offre asec dese vet pis bed pl us © ut onary aud neti fo termine psec of fot pots NES'S°150 Zoe onto preset y Sate Fre Fiend ‘SHS Sn econo opnr in eed sme oto fre pes: San: abe, [SSE Spy of mers conte neti Sis Sem Fwy pt pn ae fae wa ct of aeatin _SKS-22218 Disolaton aoe ES 7230 Cooeron with oermental agencies ‘Nes 57230 nts of Fave come Reps eps {USE OF MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR HARVESTING FINE NUTS OR CONES FROM PINON TREES S724 Dean fate pos. ‘SRST Catal ton tes pera pe ence ‘Nes Laws on Fret a Fie ~Angun 2016 Page 62 oF 112Inman's shoved opel showing the oi By lees deecrpton andthe ber af plat in the ot being ows (ded to RS by 1957518: 4 1977.79) ‘SRS 527.000 Tog require TAN Christma ees cat orca removed or posteied for commer! pups must have ached thee ‘eed bythe Sate Forester Frenatden bythe Bien of Land Mawngeent ob he United Sites Foret Srsce 2The Sate Forester Fewarden wy charge a reasonable fee foreach ng fo help dfiny cost fo the Stat fx ‘ene of tele eputing removal er yorenon of Cases calor Yes Money olleted by the ‘Ste Faves Fewordon sale depored in re tpropie fd of the Ste Fores Fuewaden (Asad oN ty 1057, 310,4 1868, 38°1077. 79) "YRS 527.100 al acts; epuains af Slate Forester Frewaen, 1 Except os eternte proved by lita forty pron. cOMpRY OF COMEAION Hs, er, hee een agents wll or egigety oct, deste eave or pte ny Cnet ee cat Jc ot ‘ances ter o kway tamer or cll uy Crane te cate yocea os bnnches Kom sy ofthe Ids ‘ed bor nde the jadicton of he State of Nevado coe oon Fseved or essed lands one {pte Unned Sines, o fom ny pals cum newt writes perma ons he legal me, he ep ‘we duly athonaed get peciung Icky by leg! Ind desertion ae ner of pans o be eave or posesed Forte purote of ating roduc ad peervatin of he water snppinefncons of Neda frst ds, ‘he Sine Forster Prewacn sll opt sich emomble sepatons ovens removal or possesion of Chstns 3"Thoe secon dors ane aplyteaecevsy cing ox winning of sch ple one fr maitemace of elec power lus lene nes other pope of pc ly orto logan pean (ed ONS by 195731914 961 1061977, 780.1167) "SRS $27.10 Conicatin of plans waaay remove or povseva sale; dgpontan of proceeds 1 Exceptos proided breton 3 the Sie Frese een othe Ste Freer Puce» ly thorized sect officio th Unted Sine Forest Serie o ofthe Buren of Land Moogeine- ond pace offices te heseby ‘Ssthsed wo conscte Christm ees cat or cen which re emoved or pouessed ina manuel atbrzed BY Tin Pls wich ae conic sl esol othe highest tde hereto byte she of the cout whet he ser confiscated The sae be eld bythe shen ike ew on on exec 2a dtermaned ht the plat ented on pice sted Inds the ore heros be noted f these Sa thepoceede of th tale afer edt he ont threo sl be pos ve Tote Oe Sire einer ofthe Inds comot be determined o if the pss vpited on ste lands, the Se Forester FFeewarien may pos ofthe plas tout sling then the highest addr Ith plas esol the net proceeds ‘fale sal be depouted the State General Fuad {Tre pass oneumted on nn ove by te Goverment ofthe Uaited Sas te net proceeds sl be ai ver © the ted agencs ants the ds {ded 19 NS by 1957, 31 A 1961 107: 1977, 780) [NRS 527.120 Penalty. Every ese whe Votes any provision of NRS 5270601 327 10 inch aot cherie omble gu of» meenmar {Addo NRS by 1957, 3191967609; 1971 1463; 1977 780: 1979. 1486) |NRS 517122 Definitions. As wedi NBS 52712210 527.128 inchs. vs th conte bers reais T Anthony” tease Sine Forests Fneworden, ora local goeraentshicherr charged Wah respons foe fre rotecton th en where colle fe fo tke place 2" Comtlled fe" meas the contol application of fe Yo a vegetation nde seid condsions and fier ‘necntamnty action ve been ke ee hat he re cane 0 3 edt ren {Added NBS by 19931200) [SRS 27,124 Regulations. The Ste Forester Fuewarden sll pt sch epulaon 8 the Se Forester Ferd ‘ee cer cant a eafrce the ross of NES 52712600 27128 [Neva Lawson Feet an Fre Angst 206 Page 68 of 12(Added NRS by 1993, 1202) ‘NRS £27126 Regeitements to cot ie governmental immunit. 1 The utonty my authorize am ageny oft ste ray pela vnon ofthis stew commense a cnt 2A contlled ic mt be conde {) Pass to ten pan eich ae Ben seated oa authored bythe sts and (6) Under he dct persion ft emt one person who ified a oerce sch rest who eens om te for the dation of the fire 3A comoled fre wich commenced psn! ths seton nd which compe with laws eating wc polio The State of Neva a agency of hs Sate o uy pola sbaon orc goverment ofthis se, or any ‘tices ores there. ot ible fr uy das or jy Yo propery or pean. aca eth Which 6 med by a contalled fe tte arsed param to this section. tes the fe wan conducted i only eigen nee (ded wo NRS by 1993, 1202) [SRS 527.128 Written plan 1 The wen pan eed by NRS 527.26 mt renin oie fr he aration of he fe The pan mt be pepe bya person anid overce comole ie cout east (@)A desenpion and nap ofthe area ob bred (@)Alistot the psoonel sd eunpnent necessary 1 contnenc a contol he fie: (6) A desertion f te meteolopel tore tat mnt be preset before cmmescing cette fe. ing ‘stce wid speed ad devon, tamport wind wpeed aad decom. minum ming heigl, sian slave nity asap le fe ese (OA drvrtion ef consicaton cated o common tsksoa patrnsof Es in the ae be bane ling ‘noes brnns tees he aticpatedeethohe Mae and the pte speed of he ea (6) stature of the person who reed the ph ‘Pein mang the ton pln the prin qed overt dhe Best exlate ad appre the sacipted ‘rapt thee on rounding sas whch ae wenn to smoke 13 The Stat Forse Ftewaen sl sbi te qualification fora pron oversea contlled fe. (aed woNRS by 193,123) (CONTROL OF FOREST INSECTS AND DISEASES. ‘SRS £27.10 DeGitions. As wen NRS 27 130 27.230, icv. nes she conte there requis: 1 "Cotto means eventing retr sappesnecndening or desoyig fret pet 2 "Fret ores nd” sons oon ich oct ot pote tl of wees tale fr saber rod, ‘atersed or wife potion erenal reo for oer paper 3"Fovet pent” menu any eto dense which i docoaned bythe State Foner wo Be haf, ajo of {1 intevioion” meses cl pote iin reersncy infeation orinfcon by fest pss 5 "Owwe” eae ny person ong a eet ofr nc. ("Ste Ferner” menu the Se eve Fearon 4. "Tne” ales foreseen sanng o down, ded alive (Added to RS by 1957, 6348 1985, 304,523) [NRS SIT. Parnwses of provisions for contra of fares insects amd dienes forest pests declare public 1th purposes of NRS 527.130 527.20 incline ae protect a ese the es of hi ne promote the taal of vesting does pote recent wld sao aud pet and econ 1 Foeu pee te ere declwed to bes pte mance (added 9 NRS by 1957635) |NRSSY71S0 Powers of State Forester Fearon. The Site Fseter ay. stjet tothe aiistaie sapesision ‘ofthe Dect fhe Sate Department of Conservation nad Notaal Rests 1 Employ pool ‘Nevada Lawson Fresty an Fire ~ Angst 2016 Pege 66 of 1[NDF Policies and Procedures for prescribed buras: NDF DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL, FUEL TREATMENTS AND PRESCRIBED FIRE....06040.0 NARS, $27,122 through NIRS. $27.128, inclusive regarding Controlled Fires authorizes the State Feyester Fuewarden fo utilize the contolled application offre to natural vegetation as a resource and ‘sidan fre management 101, ‘SBAL4 Chapter 381, Statutes 1993, the source of Nevada Revised States (N.R'S.) $27.122 to $27.128, inclusive, contains the fllowing provisions not incladed in NRS, “The legislanne hereby find and declares that: 1. Controlled fies reduce the risk of naturally oscuring wildfires which are caused by ‘sauable vegstatiou ad whic ofen result in entstopic damage to ie aad property. Fires are essential for the perpetuation, restoration and management of many plats and ima 43. Controlled ftes provide benefits to the public by ensuring the continuity of the wildlife and biological diversity inthis ste ily ‘The NDF Fuel Treatments and Preseibed Fue policy is established to eat fuels and mitigate teats to the publis, on to protest. enance, restore andor maintain critical plat commnnities. Fuel treatment projects and presribed fre activities shall follow auidelines and procedres as outlined in the NDF Fite Protection Manual PROJECT PLANNING NDF's hazardous fuel westiment activities are a coordinated iaterdisciplnary effort supported by the Resource and Fire Management Programs. All pavtiipating disciplines will coonlinate their respective ‘oles forthe planning implementation, monitoring. and evalation of fuel treatment projets [Natural resomce objectives are the driving force behind the fuels management policy. Ii required that fuel eatments and prescribed fre projects be planned and analyzed using an intedisiplinary process, Compliance wih tate an local egiltion is requzed fo ll fuel weament projets I's the public policy of the State of Nevada and the purpose of NS. H1SB to achieve and maintain levels of air quality which will protect man health and Safety. prevent injury to plant and animal ie. prevent damage to property and preserve visibility and scenic esthetic and histori Values ofthe tate ‘Compliance with Federal state. and tosal air quality regulations is mandatory and will require coordination with the Deparineat of Conservation and Natural Resources Division of Envioanmcata Proteins LH AeUAAYTEBUAIOR Personnel developing fuel wement and Prescibed Fire Pass ‘aust be aware of state and local regulations and the impacts that a specific projet may have on critical teas. Potetial stake or dust impacts on rtical areas sc as Clas nr sheds, restricted areas. and non taiamentaeas (often called designated areas) smst be considered. Equally important are local features at could be impacted such as highways, sports, reeeation sites, and smaller population centers. Prescribed Fie and Fuel Trestment Plone need to identify sensitive aren: and provide operationalsidsace to minitnze the impacts from smoke or other pasticulates. If potential negative impacts from Smoke or other particulates could occur, an assessment of potential dovassind impacts using an appropriate smoke management model willbe completed PRESCRIBED FIRE PROJECTS ‘= The safety of firefighters and the pubic is the mumber one provty when planning. and plementing fe westment project 1+ All previ five penjeote will have an approved Precrihed Fi toa. ‘© AllPrescribed Fite Plans will contain measurable objectives. a predetemnined prescrip ‘seaped fire plan tobe inmplementd inthe event of an escape. ‘+ Al Prescribed Fie Pans will contain the required clement as lai out in the Presevibed Fire Plan tenuplate ‘+ Allpresribe fre projects wil bein compliance with state and local regulations. ry NDF FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL Chapter #05 - Fuel Treatments and Prescribed Fire Priorities The NDF will strategically fens fuels treatments by placing pict on: 1 Areas where actions will niigate threats tthe safety ofthe public. 7 ‘Areas ashere actions wll rece risks and damage from a Wildfire. This insludes the reiatoducion of fire int fre dependant econystems to maintsia and enhace those essystems and the modification of vegetation to achieve specific land management objectives. 1 Areas were sstons will protect, enn, restore andor maintain plant comsunites| that ave cities for endangered, theatened or sensitive plat and animal spies. ob Prescribed Fire Plans or 8 Local goverment, whichever is charged with responsibaity for fie protection ia the area where a controlled fire is to take place, Implementation The prescribed fire bur boss il submit the completed SSGINGHGBIGNEREEBD andthe acres number of piles thamed daily tothe Stove Headquarters font desk for wasking Obraining a spot weather foresast on the fist day of the bum. prior to ignition, is mandatory, The ‘prescribed fire bum boss will monitor the general forecasts and deside on the need fr addtional spotweather forecasts ‘Note: An exception can be made for piled sash and other burns where no rate of spread outside ofthe ‘buon ates is expested, The Preseibed Fire Burn Boss or other person i charge of ap up and pawol need review the general weather forecast and detemnine if spot weather forecast is needed Restrictions Implementation of Prescribed Ftes at Great Basin Preparedness Levels TV and V is eset At Great Basin Preparedness Level IV and V. concurrence by te State Forester an the Fe Management Program Manager ant be obtsind before implementing a prescribed fire, Spot Weather Observation and Forecast ‘Spot Weather Observation and Forecast Request (See reverse for instructions) ig aa a Rt ve ees ; oe Tia Dagar Taal Ran al TNT | Te — Se or Trae RST on = a =e a ame SSSR | Stream TS FSS TRS) RRS — | SOTA — STATE i ar Fa a BT Dison and OSE ae aT ar ae = ee em = | [= f= = = = | | as [soe [wm |Rano Far Wena Fara Fie Wea Oe ne Foe Tas cared Raa Dae] Tae Fee Race a Tocca Wo Spot Weather Observation and Forecast Request Instruction & Notes ‘Spot Weather Foresiss should be requested for fies that will exceed inital attack, have potential for “xtreme fre behavior, or ape located in aeas where Red Flag Warnings or Fate Weather Watebes have ‘ben ised This for is prnnly fr field wwe documentation of weather observations andar feecass Whenever posible. 9 sopy ofthe actos fire Weather Forecsst should be used for operational briefings aud or uslded inthe ire doctmientation, Instructions ‘Name of Fives: Use incident or project nae ‘Control Agency: Agency with frtoay responsibilty for managing dhe incident Request Made: Put date and rine (ose 24-hour slek). Location: Us a oimite legal description specific the nearest section, Drainage Name: Use se closest drainage name or lamar fom 3 tpographical map Exposure: Use cae of the § maja csdial points (N, SE_NW. et) to designate seueal aspect. Size of Project: Inseres, Flevatlon: Designate elevation in feet: Top an Bottom refer elevation of fire, (Fora group of wing fines specify “Concentration” then give mumber of fies and size of largest request foveess for each deiange ) 9, Fuel Types Use a fie model mer oa name description 10, Project On: Projects may be onthe grou or eowni. AL. Weather Conaltions at Projector fom Neasby RAWS Statfons: Ia dhe Pace column, pat On sit ich refers to the legal description vsed i Number 4): ithe observations ae aken file Specify the Township. Range, an Sexton tothe nearest "or he location ofthe RAWS ted ln the Flevation cola, pur the actual elevation forthe observations (may or may aot be the samme ‘sin Number 8) 12, Send Forecast Fo: Specify how he forest wil be broadeas or sen. especially fi ders from orn tndiy tehy or fring provedaues Cie having sopis Faxed to mbile wit office oF ‘ations. and also the nae ofthe contact who wil be reseing the request (ay differ fom the ‘person making the forecast reqs 13, Forecast and Outlooks Docent sun of fvecser a fie frees vgn fou 14, Forecast Received: Docisent name of person receiving foveest date ine and Ioeaon and seceved [to verify or update information in Number 12) Notes ‘Under the Remarks eolunuy in Number 11, pur the estimated ignition tine for Rx projects. For Rx project fie weiter forecasters can work iyo aend of tines either do some “pace” forecasts fr provide Sou wth weather ifoemaio for plagningFor better service, do not send a request in just prior to Rx ignition (tum-around me is typically 1 10 2 hous). Mast fre weather forecasters work early shifts, and wsually Teave around 1600 to 1700, Ifthe fre wenther forecaster does not hear from you. they assume the forecast was accurate. Ifthe fovecast does aot match what actually occuring. let the fie weather forecaster know. Feedback is crucial for improving forecast accuracy. Forecasts can be updated If at any time you do not ‘understand what the fresas is telling you, oF you have questions about its content for whatever reason, donot hesitate to eal the fire weather forecaster and discuss the mate. Determination of Complexity The NWCG Prescribed Fite Compleity Rating System Guide isthe NDF standard for ating preseribed tne soniplesst complet rating wil be completed foreach presribed ie poet, Qualitcations bed fires will require a RXB2, except fr slash pile buss. All slash ile burs req Safety & Qualifications Safety Awareness ‘The safety offre fighters andthe public isthe number one priority when plang and implementing a prescribed fre project. Every person involved in a prescribed fte project is responsible for identifying Eafey isses and concerns, Its the responsibility of each individal participating in prescribed fie sctvities to Tet management know if they do not wvetstand thei assignment or have safety concerns ‘elated to the assignment. All personnel will be briefed prior to any pressibed fte assignment, The briefing will ensue that all people involved understand how the project will be implemented and whot their assignments are Briefings nist cover safety considerations for both Inovwn site specifi hazards and potential hazants. ‘iting checklise must be developed and attached tothe Prescribed Fite Plan. A bretng willbe given for ‘each operational period of multi-period project, Satety Equipment Allpersnnel on a prescribed fr project willbe equipped with requited PPE appropriate to theit position fF as identified in a JHA. For holding and ign ‘dentified inthe JHA) isthe same as that required Smoke Exposure Espostre to smoke during prescribed fie operations can be a sigaiicant safety concer. All effort shall ‘be nde to minimize smoke exposure daring the planing nd implementation phases ofa presstbed fie ‘Ata mininsisnconsieration wil be given fo fire line location ad crew rotation to minimize exposuresauoke, Qualifications ‘OERGESHTEGMAIAAHONE The guide provides o complete review ofthe qualification system sad ‘expliss the task book process for documenting performance asl certifying pessonae. The NDF has ‘ional requirements for some positions. The qualifications foreach position are shown in the chart Ihelow. AIL NDF personnel asioned to prescribed fire operations will meet the minimum qualifications ‘outlined in this section This will include personnel assigned to assist oer agencies even though the ‘ter agency may have established its own (lowe) qualifications. Trainees may fll these positions under ‘Bold print represents NDF's additional requitemen Pa ne egal bagel rag foo [taier rina Safes —— fa cise (RXMI ‘ Selgra fo hes 1s $a a {tr fmrres eg — fs — fm — fs ie = (ee a ee Beever — xg — |e ror | ot (ts ES a ie | Besaniearre ews $290 Tea Raga er oa ES ee rw fae pmae —oa Ee al Tee fre fe Se — Ee = ja fs — sooo faa a ra. [eer == * Cunensynot requied, “TRXBS is not required folave RNSUL, The evel of Bomn Plon pspaved must bbe comuncasurate vith preparers qalitieations Prescribed Fire Burn Boss 3 (RXB3): As a supplement to the qualifications system, the NDF has idenitied this position. This postion supervises presribed fre operations that are of “low complexity.” These types of operations typically ‘would have fesr personnel assigned, have a very low treat of escape, and present «shina sk to the people involved in the operation. Examples include burning piled slash, burning landings. ditch busing. ‘nd debris burning, and brcadeast bums of less than one acre with a minimal chance for escape. Note: These types of operations still sequize a signed pressibed fte plan: however, the detail ofthe plan should be sonumensurate with the scape of the project.Prescribed Fire Holding Boss: The Holding Boss willbe qualified tthe Single Resowce Boss, Ske Team Leader, Task Fosce Leader. Division Supervise, Opetations Section Chit 2, of Operations Section Chief 1a required by the number and mix ofthe resources assigned to the holding opetaton. For some projects there may be no holding Fequtements othe holding dates are avsned by the Prescribed Fite Bm Boss Preseribed Fire Plan Preparer: person responsible for prepaving the prescribe fre pla. The prepaver may have ater people in prepation ofthe plo but i espouse for the faa lon soutent Proscribed Fire Plan Technical Reviewer: “High Complexity.” (hose projects requiring an RNBI) the tsnical reviously qualified tthe RXBI level. For those Prescribed the technical reviewer sus be qualified 9, or have been previously qualified, at dhe RXB2 level. If field office cannot complete their own technical review: the ‘tate office will ensure tht a technical review is completed by a qualified person. primary seviewer will be designated: however. it is acceptable for ater specialists to review spcitie portions ofthe Prescribed Fire Plan. Fer example. a Fite Behavior Analyst may seview the fise behavior calculations othe Aviation Olicer may’ seview the Air Operations Pan. Fite Plans rated as "Moderate” ot “Low.” currency Requirements: “The prescribed fire qualifications system does not establish curensy sequirements to maintain prescribed fre qualifications, ‘The urency requirement is set at five years the same as for suppression ‘qualifications swith the suppression qualifications. au asignmeat atone level sna maintain preseribed fice qualifications atthe next lower level Prescribed Fire Monitoring 1 deseibes what data will be A monitoring plan is reqited as part of cash Presribed Fie Plan. collected, when i will be collected, where onthe rested fire sites willbe collected, which methods willbe used for each daa element, and list the responsible persou(). The use ofthe Fite Fests Monitor (FEMO) postion to accomplish the moutering tasks is encouraged, Prescribed Fire declared as a Wildland Fire ressribed Fire becomes a wildland fire when the Peseibed Fire Bum Boss determines that has, of i likely to occu. Fite outside of the planned perimeter, or oubide any planed “Bt Allowable Ares.” tht eanot be contained with the holding forces ieatfed inthe Prescribed Fate Pla, ‘san escaped fre and willbe deelared a wildland fire, This i ot fre that crosses the fe line whish canbe contained by resources on-site (no suppression charges will be used). If fire suppression finds (4196) ate wwe Yo contain a presribed fre, it must be declared an escaped fire and an incident number assigned, Some Preseribed Fire Plans identify "Buller or Allowable Areas." where a fire ouside the planned perimeter vill aot be deslved a wildland fire walt exceeds specified criteria, exceeis 4st ‘ize, or threatens the boundary ofthe “Buffer er Allowable Area "In such eases. an escaped fre does not need t be declared until he ctteria as stated ia the Pescsbed Fie Pla have been exceeded, Additionally. presstbed fire becomes a wildland fire shen it causes unexpested propesty damage by touming within the planned perimeter, but ouside ofthe allowable aea (genesally applicable. but not limited, pile buming situations) where additional resources may be needed to control and suppress the fire. Action When a prescribed fte is declared a wildland fie. managers sill have the fall rage of suppression options available under the concept of the "Appropriate Management Response." fa prescribed fre is ddeclayed a wilde, an "incident Number" will be assigned and all suppression costs will be charged to Baise. ‘The following actions will be taken on all NDF pescibed fies that escape and are declared wild fies: > Take prompt and reasonable ation to contol and suppress the fie > Notify the regional Fire Management Officer a Ind oiners that may be affected, of the escaped fire, Coordinate suppression actions svt the oer affected pasts. 1 Doctanent he tne a environsvental coitions that existed when the escape occurred > Document te incident including all actions prior to and afier the escape. Set up a file that includes all pertinent information. i. the pressibed fie plan, «chronology of events including the prescribed fire report and unit logs oF individual statements. the fire investigation report, weather forecasts inching any spot forecasts, Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) data and National Fite Danger Rating System (NEDRS) data for the day of the escape for the nearest weather stations, photos, and aay appraisal of damages Reviews Escaped Prescribed Fire All escaped presstibed fires will be investigated and receive an administrative review: The level and ‘cope ofthe review wll be determined by the injuries, damage, and cost associated with the escape ‘The objectives ofthe presribed fre review ae: 1» To prevent fn escapes fom oecunsing > Toestablish accountability. 1 To determine if the Prescribed Fite Pan ws adequate forthe projet. 1 To determine if the prescription, actions, and procedures set forth on the Presstibed Fite Plan were followed 1 To determine if overall policy, guidance, and procedures relating to prescribed fte operations are adequate e3 Aen 207 SULDATE wiidcaD widcan wiecan witseao wiidcap widcaD ‘wiidcaD ‘widcaD ‘widcaD ‘widen widcan wiacaD wiscan wiiscan witacan Appendix € ~ Prescribed Fire Chronology Test fee 20:20, extinguished [source Toarerrme [rnom [ro [oeraus ToaNe AR Toning sation apy aaa a POST ious ttede wen compte Ln waa Ionia taots tng ee bac nasa coy oRRDTS | RE Bees | TP] a nga pe mE Ws nT STE tata econ OT ob) a tesa ‘Sool ean ye hand ona A 30/4 Ignition Urit3 and Jackpot Fuel north end of Unit 2 SEOTEATE RKB | UF a al aoras aana TaNE Yo aeNPay one ‘Seine andixgrg at, ak eorna a ome Thre TORE Pea | TT “ooanie | ARBs | CP ag at UR aS wa HS RE iano ‘re ten) rn nn Co Sten Boss TaoeanTe —T ric” | cae copne pono wih epoatensT Te eons Boss, TOOUEETE—[ Rx | | sae na a nS UTE TTT stoner Boss cat i ere [em |? oUsET * ‘ans aca CATT OTH FL teen Bary sme ToT 31 a a i Tr a DAT OT irae Bost Fast nn sdvoe in hey sot hea TOBE Foss] 1 | a ar TSO) WTS ae we. Hamat oy cme na Woven “ee “The tle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 73DATE: witsean waiscao wcan wuscan widen ‘witdcan wiidean ‘wiideaD North ‘North North North 5 ition Unit 2 and southeast end of Unit 10/ [owrermme Tenom [ro Porras eer eT Ope el ote ora onteoe, ‘Stetg 00 aatope ten 21000 Tasos — | X_——|F | sa norigaetrg compe om aan VST omens Bost cnpiae Unt snd apcon Ut omy TaRROTE [xe —]1 — sand ur stra ig ely ay ‘oanes Brett {anatase ih Ue 2 copy oh BM oy Faas Tx oF — a a a a oT Yeossr Bott ote ipieinatear antow a a ‘ane Soe Ieocr a ge ate pein roca ToOSENTE PRR Faring ng goa we i A a GT sae Boas) ‘owe Whos TOSS [AKT Pat in 2 nag a Ra aS TAT rerez Boer) ttadl comer pe osocrathal es twa tani apeoctot TOUSEN | aK 1F | sa ga ray congas OT aso Ua tao20 Boas ‘Fong daaes on rn, Un ie paty much ore cae frat pcan eat be ests oe {remoneatoew 8 ae ar nes srg TOS Bag] Exanisdnelang nop ap areca wes UATS TOS Bag | Hae asec Pav Rew POST RE UT ARTS Ignten fan forS cameron a ‘np to inbred TO EGS i RS TR I OT OTT weg te TOR a4] Go ing anos ara URE TOSTED | pian OTR ea TOS TEOO | Agno peers aS Ty HURT OSE UTS The Little Valle Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 74[ee [owen [row [0 | “ooenTe — Be Fess aig ged we ROAR some ones ‘ncn and mba apap orech mata ego ican) (ire ont © TaumoTs | RK] oF tn ees ice a ne iF witscao | oBes4 Basin ‘Fostngupsome psa on Un 8 Unt 2 ey wiacao | 2EB® [S|] Settee wiscas [BS [RS] Tame aa tace2076 | BE] 1 | roma earing ein ap ak re waa witscan | 125881 Boos) ‘ony won Onto los by Tau (os [P| Ratan a a oF TE TAG wiidcap | 19838 sory awe —— eo) sa dana wah Un ag oe eg wares Brest) {eo on Sta dopaotrg wl aoe ater nsban wikdcaD fr EE — PF a On TG A OS TSE vwigcan [Hacer Bost) ‘aan er posers | X_ | 1F — aaa ai a reap enema woes! Brest) ets manor iSecexngceson m4 ssencn wiidcaD ans DATE: 10/7 {gnition west side of Unit, Last day of igntions| source J oaremime [row [ro __[vevaus ToU7A0T% I Font panda ara Ops Noma wiecan | 050738 rev on nk ay. pwr FF a a SS TINT HT TT cone Boe ‘rg abun Ut shy 8 pos ©1100! ‘py es ml ema fom kh OT wacan SBhwnoaso ven worse Fal ape 190 no eer gh ae oh race) tng vey ay ata neon eae vwccan | SETS pur — [Re [ae ea = ean Rs rae oa nines ing rob EW RE TTT wwildcan Bogen re SONNY BE, [| aging ing gine eg be sec widens Bower Inu eal gy eae Be [| essing sn dr aa Twa vwidcad a ica aici a ta aera OTROS | RTs ae aya an GE SRST ‘widcao [15st Bows or TOT Bing | Ok PH TAT Na TTS The litle Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 757 Beng [DatpaT wir [eras — ea a Tea STE Sa aT ——] {BT Bing Fave aan esaaea UAT PGT TERT TB Bang Ta a HT wT ET Tar eeaeg waa aE RIOT or “Bawa TT Ta oy TS Be aT noo [ne mheuren 22 SP [eo | Bey ealea inane, sew ania Jag — [ojo — aoe mE Eee sso Scr utente we as fast weer i wee Ss — |e — [0 | peut RTT wwe Hs — |e — lemon a0 — [eo peer era wwoo [fast [Ean [7 [fatadiantiaraste Et —| So — aero ee SE, NE BE —| po — enna sar wus (En [| es — eT RE rag TT + RTT ee eau bedi The little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fre Review 7617 Beg Carmichael DATE/TIME VaR TST OE FROM | DETAILS: Tose Sa ST TTT OTT Fx }1> | sama asp aned and warming aoe cory SE Bae ‘eV. an uti ones sa 17D and ” ‘lindas Sth don seat Ty napa ys TT a A ‘iresawce en Waa Rap FETT HST ToaeEOT6 witacao | 84807 waco Tae North | TOBUETE TORT North Boge at ATS URE WTO ST Sa RS GOS TTS GS ‘Suroae in units 13 erdconaited oan a ogres enone TO aoe noe vl ening peed py ale sor me. en return asta Sy TooRRDTE TP | a ar Boos nH OTR widcao [101736 Bost ‘lawaconor hace hous TouasoTe Re] UF | apa ing garg gd Ute aga ‘ssa Bae ‘Sear anc camnngnep pon 3, al opine yang witscao ves TORRES a apo aE Wa VS TPS watt Dunes (hac otoro she whom wadcap kta coone opr Toa :00 Sacre Ut Taal ede nt 7 elbow S07 oe TATT ‘aang ToT apaTOATT “The Lite Valley Escaped Presribed Fie Review 77Holding Interior Mop-up Units 1.2.3 boc Towra Tos ['o —[osas —————} wiideaD witdcan ‘wiiscap ‘wildcaD saa ‘igs POG UDOT a a Ta a TRIgeTs | Bec eager svn ak ar BST Taio —] are sa wearer TODO) | apap banana was RTT DETAILS or a ae Torna [Ba BOB ling god contra np pw SST taser Scape OFF Te WaT ESOT wn pup TOW so UACT ToT SRE RSPR TRS wT ONT oF ESTERS SET UAT TR TOOT Tarr Tia i et ana a The little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 78DATE DATE: ‘SOURCE wiiscan Nosth 39/2) Hola ‘nits 38 Tite tone heat, Uns 1-2 Mop-up 300 fin DETAILS Sen Spa UNS TaTE Ma TOTen Tan ‘rs eee Halak co walog UST fo ea ToT rr owe —Jrrow [ro [ors 2 ee ie Tos — ER NOR ROT SE MS TNT (18 — | Sere cre a ETT (Grow deta bec heh 4209 hades East The Little Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 79Signatures TM bm —_——_ a la The Lite Valley Escaped Prescribed Fire Review 80