En 10 Majmoo AlFatawa IbnBaz

English Translations of
Majmooal-Fatawa
of late Scholar Ibn
Bazz (R)
Second Edition
By:
Sheikh Àbdul Àziz Bin Àbdullah ibn
ÀbdulRahman ibn Bazz (May Allah forgive and
reward al-Firdouse to him and his parents)
He was The Mufti of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,

Chairman of the Council of Senior Scholars,
and Chairman of Department of Scholarly Research and
Ifta'
This English Translations are collected from

http://www.alifta.com
Portal of the General Presidency of Scholarly Research
and Ifta'
This file is volume No.10 of 30

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(PartNo:10,PageNo:1)
IntheNameofAllah,theMostMerciful,theMostCompassionate
TheimportanceofFiqh
AllpraiseisduetoAllah.MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponProphetMuhammad,theTruthfuland
Trustworthy,anduponhisfamily,Companions,andthoseguidedbyhisguidanceandfollowinghispath
untiltheDayofJudgment.
Tocommence:
ItisgreatlyimportantforpeopletoknowmoreaboutFiqh(Islamicjurisprudence),evidenceofthe
ordinancesandFuqaha'(Muslimjurists)whoarethereferenceineverymatter.Itisthedutyofscholarsto
undertakethisdutyandexplainittopeople.Infact,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)hascreatedjinnandmankindto
worshipHimalone,andthefullmeaningofthisworshipcannotbeunderstoodwithoutknowingmoreabout
Fiqh,itsevidence,therulingsofIslamanditsevidence.Thisknowledgecaneasilybeattainedthrough
knowingMuslimscholarswhoarethemainreferenceinHadithandFiqh.
ScholarsaretheheirsoftheprophetsandtheprophetsleftnoDinarorDirham,buttheyleftknowledgeand
anyonewhotakesitwillbeamongthefortunate.Beingknowledgeableaboutthereligionandknowingthe
rulingsoftheQur'anandSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)leadaservanttohappinessandis
asignoftheirsuccess.
Moreover,Allah(ExaltedbeHe)showsusthegreatstatusandhighrankofMuslimscholarswhoknowAllah
(ExaltedbeHe)andHisShariàh(Islamiclaw)andobeyAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andHisProphet(peacebe
uponhim).Muslimscholarsarelightsthatguideotherstotherightpath.TheyholdfasttotheQur'anand
Sunnah,thatiswhyAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)saysaboutthem: AllhbearswitnessthatLilhaillaHuwa
(nonehastherighttobeworshippedbutHe),andtheangels,andthosehavingknowledge(alsogivethiswitness)(Healways)
maintainsHiscreationinJustice.LilhaillaHuwa(nonehastherighttobeworshippedbutHe),theAllMighty,theAllWise. Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)alsosaysaboutscholars: Allhwillexaltindegreethoseofyouwhobelieve,andthose
whohavebeengrantedknowledge. AndHe(GlorifiedbeHe)says: ItisonlythosewhohaveknowledgeamongHisslaves
thatfearAllh.
ItisalsoauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said, IfAllahwillstodogoodto
aperson,HemakesthemcomprehendDin'religion'. (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim).
ThisimportantHadithshowsustheexcellenceofcomprehendingDin.
ComprehendingreligionincludesunderstandingtheQur'an,theSunnah,andIslam.Islamcoversthebasics
ofShariàh,Allah'sOrdainments,HisProhibitions,aservant'sdutytowardsAllahandotherservantsand
Allah'sfear,glorification,andwatchfulness.Infact,thefirststeptowardsattainingknowledgeisfearing
Allah(ExaltedbeHe),honoringHisSanctities,andwatchingHiminalldeeds.
WhoeverdoesnotfearorbeawareofAllah(ExaltedbeHe)intheirdeeds,alltheirknowledgewillbe
worthless.However,truebeneficialknowledge
andunderstandingofDinthatleadstohappinessisthatwhichinstillsAllah'sAweinaMuslim'sheart,directs
themtohonorAllah'sSanctities,pushesthemtoobeyAllah'sOrdersandabstainfromHisProhibitions,and
urgesthemtocalltoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andtoclarifyShariàhtopeople.So,anyonewhoisgranted
comprehensioninreligioninthisway,Allah(ExaltedbeHe)hasindeedwantedtodothemgood.Onthe
otherhand,anyonedeprivedoftheseblessingswillbeamongtheignorant,misguidedandnegligentwho
renounceattainingtheknowledgethatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)hasmadeobligatory.Theywillbeamongthose
whomAllah(ExaltedbeHe)hasnotwantedtodogoodtothem.Further,Allah(ExaltedbeHe)talksabout
Kafirs(disbelievers)whoturnawayfromthepurposeoftheircreation,toteachusthatitisourduty,as
Muslims,tohastetocomprehendreligionandaskaboutanyunclearmatter.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)says: Butthosewhodisbelieveturnawayfromthatwhereoftheyarewarned. Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosays: And www.ircpk.com
whodoesmorewrongthanhewhoisremindedoftheAyt(proofs,evidence,verses,lessons,signs,revelations,etc.)ofhisLord,but
turnsawayfromthem,forgettingwhat(deeds)hishandshavesentforth.
Consequently,itisthedutyofaMuslimtoseekforattainingknowledgeinreligion,toattendto,reflecton,
andbenefitfromtheQur'anandpaygreatattentionto,study,apply,andmemorizetheSunnahasmuchas
possible.Whenapersonneglectsthesetwobasics,itisanindicationthatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)didnotwill
goodforhim.Theyaredoomedsincetheirheartiscorruptanddeviatingfrom
thepathtoguidance.WeaskAllahtoprotectandkeepusawayfromwhateverdispleasesHim!
DearMuslims,itisincumbentuponustolearnourreligionandknowitsrulingsandtoattendto,meditate,
reflecton,recite,andapplytheQur'an.Inaddition,weshouldgivegreatcareto,memorize,applyandstudy
theSunnahalongwithaskingaboutambiguousmatters.Muslimsshouldaskthosewhohavemore
knowledgetofindoutthecorrectanswer.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: SoaskthepeopleoftheReminder,ifyoudo
notknow.
Moreover,aMuslimcanattendknowledgelessonsandbenefitfromthemandstudywithother
knowledgeableMuslimstobenefitfromthemandaddtohimself.Inthisway,aMuslimcanattain
comprehensionofreligionandavoidthecharacteristicsofthenegligentandheedless.TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said, "IfAllahwillstodogoodtoaperson,HemakeshimcomprehendtheDin."
Inlightofthisdiscussion,aMuslimcanrealizethemeritsofMuslimscholars,whohaveattainedmuch
goodness,achievedvictory,andfoundthepathleadingtohappinessandguidance.Anyonedeprivedof
knowledgeisdeprivedofmuchgoodnesswhileanyoneendowedwithbeneficialknowledgeisindeed
endowedwiththemeansleadingtohappiness,providedthattheyfearAllah(ExaltedbeHe)intheir
knowledge.
OntopoftheknowledgeablescholarsafterthemessengersaretheSahabah(Companionsofthe
Prophet).TheyreceivedknowledgeperfectlyfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim),studiedthe
Qur'anandSunnah,andtransmittedwhattheylearnedtothoseafterthemamongtheTabiùn(Followers,
thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet).
TheSahabahtransmittedtothoseafterthemtheQur'anwithitspronunciation,exegesis,recitationandthe
Prophet'sexplanations(peacebeuponhim).TheyalsoconveyedtheHadiththeyheardorsawthe
MessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)doingwiththeutmosthonestyandsincerity.Thiqat(trustworthy)
narratorsamongtheTabiùntransmittedHadithtooneanotheruntiltheyreacheduspreservedwithoutthe
leastdoubtinthem.
KnowthatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)providesevidencetoHisServantsbyallowingknowledgetobetransmitted
bytrustworthynarratorsfromtheSahabahfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)tothoseafterthemin
ordertocallthemtotheTruth,warnthemagainstfalsehood,andclarifytothemthepurposeforwhichthey
arecreatedi.e.toworshipandobeyAllahalone.
Thus,MuslimsshouldinvokeAllah'sMercy,ForgivenessandPleasureuponthosewhohaveprecededthem
forbenefittingfromtheirknowledgeandusefulcompilations.
Indeed,theyhaveattainedmuchgoodnessandknowledge.TheycomprehendedtheQur'anandSunnahand
transmittedwhateverknowledgetheyreceived.
Thatiswhy,asMuslims,weshouldhonorthemandbegratefulfortheireffortsandforpreserving
knowledgeandconveyingittopeople.Letusmakeuseoftheirusefulbooksandcompilationstounderstand
themeaningsoftheQur'anandHadith.
Inaddition,scholarsplayedanimportantroleinpreservingtheSunnahandtransmittingitintacttous.The
SunnahincludesexplanationsoftheQur'an,itexplainsindetailmattersmentionedingeneralintheQur'an.
ItalsocontainstherulingsrevealedbyJibril(Gabriel)totheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim).This
meansthattheblessedSunnahisAllah'sRevelationtotheProphet.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)has
grantedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)theQur'anandthelikeofit,ashehimselfsaid, Ihavebeengranted
theQur'anandsomethinglikeit.
Therefore,scholarsarerequiredtoconveyandexplaintheSunnahtopeopleandguidethemtothe
meaningsoftheQur'anandHadithinlessons,lectures,sermons,andknowledgecircles.Theyshouldguide,
teach,anddirectpeopleinallpossibleways.
Forthispurpose,Muslimscholarshavetraveledtovariouscountries.Theycontactedscholarsineverycityto
benefitandlearn.Forexample,duringthefirstgeneration,someSahabahtraveledfromMadinahtoEgypt,the
Levant(theregioncoveringSyria,Lebanon,Jordan,andPalestine),Iraq,Yemen,andotherregionstoteachandconvey
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knowledge.YoufindtheSahabah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)travelingfromonecountrytoanother
seekingknowledgeaboutaSunnah(supererogatoryactofworshipfollowingtheexampleoftheProphet)
whichtheyhavemissed.Whentheyhearthatsomeoneknowsit,theytraveltohimtobenefitfromhis
knowledgeandthenconveyittootherMuslimsamongtheTabiùn.
Afterthat,theTabiùnwoulddothesameandtravelfromoneplacetotheotherseekingknowledge.They
comprehendedthereligionandstudiedatthehandsoftheSahabahaskingthemabouteveryunclearmatter.
TheTabiùnactedupontheirknowledgeandtransmittedittothosewhocameafterthem.Later,they
compiledgreatbooksinthefieldsofHadith,Tafsir(exegesisofthemeaningsoftheQur'an),Arabic
LanguageandothersciencesofShariàh.Withthehelpofthesebooks,scholarswereabletoguidepeople,
leadthemtotherightpathandteachthemhowtounderstandtheQur'anandpreserveandunderstandthe
Sunnah.
Hence,peopleabidebytheteachingsoftheQur'anandSunnahwithsureknowledge,guidanceandlight.
MayAllahrewardourscholarsgood,doubletheirrewardandbenefitusfromtheirknowledge!Weseek
Allah'sRefugefromtheevilwithinourselvesandfromourevildeeds!
Moreover,itisofgreatimportancetoattendassembliesofknowledgetoreceiveknowledgedirectlyfrom
scholars.ItisrelatedinaHadiththattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Whenyoupassbythegardensof
Paradise,availyourselvesofthem.TheCompanionsasked:WhatarethegardensofParadise,OMessengerofAllah?Hereplied:The
circlesofDhikr(remembranceofAllah). He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, Whoevertravelsonaroadinsearchof
knowledge,AllahwillplacethemonapathleadingtoParadise. Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Soaskthepeople
oftheReminder,ifyoudonotknow.
AlloftheseareimportantpointsrelatedtoFiqhandFuqaha'.Youshouldknowthatknowledgeissoughtin
Masjids(mosques)andbytravelingtoothercountriesknownfortheiruprightscholars.Theseareamong
thewaysofacquiringknowledgeandthepersonwhodoesthiswillbeamongthosementionedinthe
Hadith, Whoevertravelsonaroadinsearchofknowledge,AllahwillplacethemonapathleadingtoParadise.
Anyonewhoasksascholar,travelstoascholarinanothercountry,visitsascholarathomeorgoestohim
attheMasjid(mosque)hasindeedgoneonapathseekingknowledge.
Furthermore,scholarstalkedaboutthemethodsofpreservingknowledgeandmentionedwritingitdown
andrecordingit,asourSalaf(righteouspredecessors)andthoseafterthemdid(mayAllahbemercifulwith
themall).
Thesearesomeofthewaysofacquiringknowledgeandattainingitinadditiontomovingfromonecountry
toanother,fromoneMasjidtoanother,fromoneassemblytoanotherandfromonescholar'shouseto
another,seekingtounderstandreligion.AlloftheseeffortsareincludedintheHadiththattells, Whoever
travelsonaroadinsearchofknowledge,AllahwillcausehimtotravelononeoftheroadsofParadise.
MayAllahgrantussuccess!MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamily,and
Companions!
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BookofTaharah(ceremonialpurification)
SectiononWater
TypesofWater
Q:Therehasbeenmuchdiscussiononhowmanytypesofwaterthereare.Somejuristsareof
theopinionthatwaterisoftwomaintypes:Tahir(ceremoniallypure)andNajis(ceremonially
impure).OthersareoftheopinionthattherearethreetypesTahur(pureandproperfor
ritualpurification),Tahir,andNajis.Thequestion,now:whichgroupofthesejuristsis
correct?IaskYourEminencetokindlyclarifythisissueforme.
A . ThecorrectopinionisthatMutlaq(unmixed)waterisoftwotypesTahurandNajis
(ceremoniallyimpure),Allah(theExalted)states, andWesenddownpurewaterfromthesky. Allah
(ExaltedbeHe)alsosays: (Remember)whenHecoveredyouwithaslumberasasecurityfromHim,andHecaused
water(rain)todescendonyoufromthesky,tocleanyoutherebyandtoremovefromyoutheRijz(whispering,evilsuggestions)of
Shaitn(Satan) TotheendoftheAyah(Qur'anicverse).
TheProphet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)alsosays: Waterispureandisnotdefiled
byanything. RelatedbyImamAhmad,AbuDawud,AtTirmidhy,andAnNasa'iywithasoundchainofnarration
ontheauthorityofAbuSa'idAlKhudri(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim),withthisreference,meansanywaterthatisnotchangedin
taste,smell,orcolorbyanyimpurities,becauseifwaterischangedinanyoneofthese
characteristicfeatures,itbecomesimpureaccordingtoIjma`(consensusofscholars).
However,theremainingwaterafterdrinkingorwatermixedwithleavesoftreesispure,as
thesemattersdonotturnwaterimpure,noraffectitspuritysolongasitisstillconsidered
water.
However,ifitisreferredtoassomethingelselikemilk,coffee,tea,etc.,itdoesnotretainthe
nameofwateroritscharacteristicsimmediatelyafterbeingmixedthoughitisstillpurein
itselfinspiteofmixingwiththeseelementswhichdonotturnitimpure.
Muqayidwaterlikerosewater,waterofgrapes,andwaterofpomegranateiscalledTahirbut
notTahur.Thus,itisnotpermissibletouseitforremovingmajorandminorceremonial
impurityoranyotherkindofimpurities.ItisnotincludedwithintherealmofIslamiclegal
evidencethatallowsusingwaterforpurposesofcleansingandpurifying.Shariàh(Islamic
law)specifiesonlypurewaterforpurposesofcleansingandritualpurificationlikerain,
seawater,riverwater,andspringwater.
MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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TherulingonTaharah(ceremonialpurity)ofwaterthatislessthantwoQullahsofwater
(about270liters)ifmixedwithNajasah(ceremonialimpurity)
Q:Doeswaterbecomeimpure,whenitislessthantwoQullahsandismixedwithsomething
impurelikeurineorexcrement?
A:Juristshavedifferedregardingtherulingonthiswater.
SomeofthemareoftheopinionthatifwaterislessthantwoQullahinvolumeandismixed
withsomethingimpure,itbecomesimpureevenifitscolor,taste,orsmelldoesnotchange.
ThisissupportedbythestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Whenthereisenoughwater
tofilltwoQullahs(270liters),itcarriesnoimpurity. Accordingtoanotherreport: Itwillnotbedefiled. Relatedto
ImamAhmadandthefourofAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedby
jurisprudentialthemes).IbnKhuzaymah,IbnHiban,andAlHakimrankeditasSahih
(authentic).
TheyareoftheopinionthatthisHadithindicatesthatifwaterislessthantwoQullahsin
volume,itbecomesimpurewhenmixedwhichsomethingimpure,evenifitscharacteristic
featuresarenotchanged.
Someotherscholarsareoftheopinionthatrelianceontheimpliedmeaningisnotreliable
enough.
Thecorrectopinionisthatthevolumeofwater,whichislessthantwoQullahsdoesnot
becomeimpureexceptwhenitscharacteristicfeaturesarechanged,asthatwhichisuptotwo
QullahsrelyingonthestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Waterispureandisnotdefiled
byanything. RelatedbyImamAhmad,,AbuDawud,AtTirmidhy,andAnNasa'ywithanauthenticchainof
narrationfromtheHadithofAbuSa'idAlKhudri(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)specifiedtwoQullahstoindicatethatthevolumewhichislessthanthis
amountneedsmuchexaminationandcare,becauseitabsolutelybecomesimpureaccordingto
theabovementionedHadithofAbuSa'idAlKhudri.
Itcouldbededucedthattheextremelysmallquantityofwaterislikelytobechangedby
impurity.Thatiswhyitshouldbedisposedofandtakecarenottouseit.Itwasauthentically
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whenadoglicksautensilbelongingtoanyoneofyou,
(whateverisinit)shouldbethrownawayandthen(theutensil)washedseventimes. RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih.
ThisHadithindicatesthatvessels,whichpeoplecommonlyuse,areoftensmallinsizeand
easilyaffectedbythesalivaofdogsandofholdingimpuritieseveniftheseimpuritiesare
small.ThusitisobligatorytopouroutwhattheycontainifanyNajasah(ceremonialimpurity)
thatfallsintoitasameansofcautionandavoidingdoubtinaccordancewiththestatementof
theProphet(peacebeuponhim) Leavewhatcausesyoudoubtandturntowhatdoesnotcauseyoudoubt. The
Prophet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)alsosays: "Whoeverguardsagainstdoubtful
matterskeepshisreligionandhonorblameless...'' .
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Wudu'withwatermixedwithmudandfoliage
Q:Weweresittingbesideabrookwherewaterwasmixedwithmudandfoliage.Isit
permissibletoperformWudu'(ablution)usingthiswater?
A : ItispermissibletousethiswaterforWudu',Ghusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritual
impurity)anddrinking,foritstillretainsthecharacteristicsofwater,andhenceitremains
pure,unchangedbythemudandfoliagewhichfallintoit.
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Performingwudu'withwatercollectedinapotunderatap
Q:Sometimes,IperformWudu'(ablution)andcollectthewaterfallinginapot.Whatisthe
rulingonperformingWudu'usingthewatercollectedinthispot.IsSalah(Prayer)validifI
performWudu'withthiswater?
A : ThewatercollectedinapotafteroneperformsWudu'orGhusl(bathfollowingmajor
ceremonialimpurity)isconsideredTahir(pure,butnotpurifying).
However,scholarsdifferconcerningitspurityisitTahur(pureandpurifying)toperform
Wudu'andGhuslwithitorisitjustTahirsuchastherestrictedwaterlikepomegranatewater
orgrapewaterandthelike?
ThepredominantviewisthatitisTahur,basedonthegeneralmeaningoftheHadithofthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim): Waterispureandisnotdefiledbyanything. (RelatedbyImamAhmadand
A h lu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes),exceptIbn
Majah,withanauthentic(chainofnarrators)).Theonlyexceptioniswaterwhosecolor,taste
orsmellischangedwithNajasah(ceremonialimpurity).Ifthewatercollectedischangedin
anyofthesecharacteristics,itisconsideredNajis(ceremoniallyimpure)accordingtoIjma`
(consensusofscholars).
Therefore,itisbetternottoperformwaterfromtheusedwatertobeonthesafesideand
avoidthescholarlydisagreement,foritislikelythatsomedirtmayfallinthiswaterfrom
Wudu'orGhusl.
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RulingonperformingWudu'withpetrol
Q:IsitpermissibletoperformWudu'(ablution)withpetrol?
A : Thisisnotpermissible,becausepetrolisnotconsideredwaterintheliteralorthelegal
terminology.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states: andyoufindnowater,performTayammumwith
cleanearth
Petroldoesnotrefertowaterintheliteralterminologyandthetermwaterisnotusedto
refertoit.
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TherulingonperformingWudu'withchlorinatedwater
Q:Afemalequestionerasks:"Inourcountrydrinkingwaterisusuallymixedwithpure
chlorine,whichchangesitscolorandtaste.Doesthisaffectthepurityofthewatertobeused
forWudu'(ablution)?Please,advise.MayAllahblessyou!
A : Waterchangedbypuresubstancesanddrugswhichareusedtopreventwhatmightharm
peopleisacceptable,aslongasitisstillidentifiedaswaterevenifsomechangestakeplace
asmayhappenwithwaterchangedwithalgae,treeleaves,dustthatfallintoit,andthelike.
Noneofthisaffectswateranditremainspure,unlessitischanged
withthingsthatturnitintosomethingotherthanwater,asinthecaseofmixingitwith
somethingthatchangesitsnamefromwatertomilk,tea,orbrothhenceitisnotpermissible
touseforWudu',asitisnolongercalledwater.
Ingeneral,waterremainswateraslongasitisidentifiedassuch,evenifpuresubstancesfall
intoitlikedust,strawandthelike.However,waterbecomesimpurewhenNajasah
(ceremonialimpurity)changesitstaste,colororsmellorifitissolittletobeaffectedwiththe
leastNajasah,evenifitisnotnoticeable.Inthiscase,itisconsideredimpureandisnot
permissibleforritualuses.
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Chapterondrinkingvesselsandpots
Usinggildedtapsandutensils
Q:Insomehomes,peoplehavegildedtapsandutensils.IsitHaram(prohibited)toownor
usesuchthings?Please,advise.MayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : Itisnotpermissibletousesuchthingsiftheyareknowntobeplatedwithgoldorsilver.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Whoeverdrinksfromavesselofgoldorsilverisonlygulpingfirefrom
Hellintohisbelly. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith).He(peacebeupon
him)alsostated: Donotdrinkfromsilverorgoldenvesselsanddonoteatinplatesofsuchmetals,fortheyareforthem
(disbelievers)inthislifeandforyouintheHereafter. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
Moreover,usingsuchobjectsisconsideredextravaganceandsquanderingwealth.
MayAllahguideallMuslimstowhatbringsabouttheirreformandsafetyandkeepthemaway
fromallevil!HeisAllHearing,AllResponding!
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Eatinganddrinkingfromgildedvessels
Q:IsitHaram(prohibited)touseavesselthatisgildedbutnotmadeofgold?Doesthe
Hadiththatforbidseatinganddrinkingfromgoldenandsilvervesselsapplytothosethatare
gilded?
A : Scholarsheldtheviewthattheprohibitionisequallyappliedtothisaswell.TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)stated: Donotdrinkinsilverorgoldenvesselsanddonoteatinplatesofsuchmetals,forsuch
thingsareforthem(disbelievers)inthislifeandforyouintheHereafter. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsostated: Whoevereatsordrinksfromavesselofgoldorsilverisonly
gulpingfirefromHellintohisbelly. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)ThisversionoftheHadithis
relatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith.ItisalsorelatedbyAl
Daraqutny,whorankeditsSanad(chainofnarrators)asSahih(authentic),fromIbnUmar(may
Allahbepleasedwiththemboth)inaHadithMarfu`(aHadithnarratedfromtheProphetwith
aconnectedordisconnectedchainofnarration): Whoeverdrinksfromavesselofgoldorsilveroravessel
containingsomeportionofthemisonlygulpingfirefromHellintohisbelly.
Hisstatement(peacebeuponhim): Anyonewhodrinksinavesselofgoldorsilver isageneralprohibition

thatincludeswhateverismadeofgoldorsilverorplatedwiththem.Thisisbecausethat
whichisplatedwithgoldhastheluxuryandbeautyofgold,thusitisnotpermissiblebasedon
thetextoftheHadith.Thesamerulingappliestosmallutensilslikecupsfortea,coffee,and
spoons
whichshouldnotbemadeofgoldorsilver.Accordingly,onemustrefrainfromusingsuch
vessels.
WhenAllahprovidesabundantlyforPeople,theyshouldabidebyAllah'sShariàh(Law)and
shouldnotgobeyondit.ThosewhohavesurplusshouldgiveittoneedyservantsofAllahor
spenditincharitableprojectsandshouldnotwasteitextravagantly.
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Therulingoneatingfromdoubtfulutensils
Q:A.D.fromtheUnitedStatessays:ItisreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
forbadeeatingfromutensilsofthePeopleoftheBook,unlessthereisanecessity.Thisis
becausetheymayeatporkordrinkKhamr(intoxicant)fromsuchcontainers.Doesthevessel
ofaMuslimwhodrinksKhamrcomeunderthisruling?Isitpermissibletoperform
Wudu'(ablution)fromit?MayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : IntheNameofAllah.PraisebetoAllah.Ifyoufearthattheseutensilsmayhavetracesof
Khamrorpork,youshouldwashthemwell,ifyouneedtoeatfromthem.Ifyoudonotneed
them,itisbetter.AnypotofMuslimsornonMuslimsthatmighthaveNajasah(ceremonial
impurity)shouldbewashedwellbeforeeatingfromit.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
stated: Ifyoudonotfindotherthantheirs,washtheirutensilsandeatfromthem. Thesamerulingisappliedto
Wudu'thereisnothingwrongwithperformingWudu'fromsuchvesselsafterwashingthem
well.
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RulingoneatingKafirs'slaughteredanimalsandusingtheirutensils
Q:ASomalistudentstudyinginChinaasks:IstudyinChinaandIfacemanydifficultiesin
findingproperfood,particularlymeatproducts.
BeforeIcametoChina,IheardthatMuslimsarenotpermittedtoeatfromtheanimalsthat
atheistsslaughter,orbettersay,kill.ThereisacafeteriathatservesmeattoMuslimstudents
attheuniversity,butIamnotcertainiftheanimalsareslaughteredaccordingtoShariàh
(Islamiclaw).Iamindoubt,butmycolleaguesarenotandeatfromthem.Isitpermissiblefor
Muslimstoeatsuchfood?
Also,thereisnodistinctionbetweentheutensilsusedtoservebothMuslimsandnonMuslims.
WhatshouldaMuslimdointhiscase?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforMuslimstoeattheslaughteredanimalsofKafirs(disbelievers),
exceptthoseofthePeopleoftheBook,i.e.theJewsandChristians.Thisrulingappliesequallytoall
Kafirs,whethertheyareMagi,pagans,CommunistsoranyotherKafirs.Also,aMuslimisnot
permittedtoeatgravyoranythingmixedwiththeirslaughteredanimalsbecauseAllah
(GlorifiedbeHe)
hasnotmadethefoodofKafirslawfultous,exceptthefoodofthePeopleoftheBook.Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: MadelawfultoyouthisdayareAtTayyibt[allkindsofHall(lawful)foods,which
Allhhasmadelawful(meatofslaughteredeatableanimals,milkproducts,fats,vegetablesandfruits)].Thefood(slaughteredcattle,
eatableanimals)ofthepeopleoftheScripture(JewsandChristians)islawfultoyouandyoursislawfultothem. Foodofthe
PeopleoftheBookreferstotheirslaughteredanimals,asstatedbyIbnÀbbasandothers.
ThereisnoblameifMuslimseattheirfruitsorthelike,sincetheyarenotincludedinthe
unlawfulfood.Muslims'foodislawfultobothMuslimsandnonMuslimssolongasthosewho
cookthefoodaretrueMuslims,worshippingnonebutAllah,andassociatingwithHimno
prophet,Waliy(piousperson),deceasedperson,oranyoneoranythingelseworshippedby
Kafirs.
Asforutensils,MuslimsmustuseutensilsotherthanthoseinwhichthefoodandKhamr
(intoxicants)ofKafirsareserved.Iftherearenootherutensils,onemustwashthesevessels,
thenputMuslims'foodinthem.ItwasauthenticallyreportedintheTwoSahih(authentic)
BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)ontheauthorityofAbuTha`labahAlKhushaniy(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim)thatheaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)abouteatinginthe
vesselsoftheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)and
he(peacebeuponhim)replied: Donoteatintheirutensils,butifyoudonotfind(otherthantheirs)thenwashtheir
utensilsandeatinthem.
MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamily,andCompanions!
www.ircpk.com

ChapteronIstinja'
WaswasahaboutthevalidityofWudu'
Q:Afterurinating,somedropsofurinesdripforafewminutesandthenstop.Iplaceapiece
ofhandkerchiefinsidetheurethralopeningatthetipofthepenis,isthisright?
A : YoumustperformIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationor
defecation)wellandshouldnothastenallowingtheurinedropstostop.Youshouldthen
performWudu'(ablution)andneednotplaceapieceofhandkerchiefintheurethral(penis)
opening.
YoumustresisttheseWaswasah(insinuatingthoughtsfromSatan)untiltheyultimately
subside,InshaaAllah(ifAllahwills).Itisbesttosprinklewateronyourpenisafter
performingWudu'toendthesedoubtsanddeemwhatyoumightfindafterwardsasthepure
wateryousprinkledearlier.Thiswillhelpyouovercometheseinsinuations,InshaaAllah.
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RulingonPerformingIstinja'withZamzamwater
Q:IsitpermissibletoperformWudu'(ablution)withthewaterofZamzam(awellnearthe
Ka`bah)?
A : ThewaterofZamzamisreveredandblessedaccordingtotheSahih(authentic)Hadith.It
wasreportedintheSahih(BookofHadith)ofMuslimthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
statedconcerningthewaterofZamzam: Itisblesseditisfoodthatnourishes. Anothernarration
reportedbyAbuDawudthroughagoodSanad(chainofnarrators)adds, andacurefordisease.
ThisSahihHadithreferstothevirtueofZamzamwaterstatingthatitisfoodthatnourishes
andacurefordisease.TheSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)istodrinkfromit
astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)did.ItispermissibletoalsouseittoperformWudu',
Istinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)andGhusl(bath
followingmajorceremonialimpurity)ifnecessary.
ItwasauthenticallyreportedthatwatersprangfrombetweenthefingersoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)andthepeopleusedittomeettheirneedstheydrank,performed
Wudu',washedtheirclothesandperformedIstinja'.Allofthistookplace.
ThewaterofZamzamisnotlikethewaterthatsprangfromamongthefingersoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim),fortherecanbenothingsuperiortothat,butbothkindsofwaterare
blessed.SoifitwaspermittedtoperformWudu',Ghusl,Istinja'andwashclothesfromthe
waterthatsprangfrombetweenthefingersoftheprophet(peacebeuponhim),itis
permissiblealsotousethewaterofZamzaminthesameways.Inanycase,itisgoodand
purewaterthatisrecommendedfordrinking.However,thereisnothingwrongwith
performingWudu',washingclothesorperformingIstinja'withitifnecessary,aswementioned
above.
ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: ThewaterofZamzamis
forwhateveritisdrunkfor. TheSanadofthisHadithisweak.However,itsmeaningissupportedby
theSahihHadithmentionedabove.AllpraiseisduetoAllah.
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RulingonperformingWudu'insidethebathroom
Q:WhatistherulingonperformingWudu'(ablution)inthebathroom?
A : ThereisnothingwrongwithperformingWudu'inthebathroom,ifnecessitycallsforit.You
shouldpronounceTasmiyah(saying,"Bismillah[IntheNameofAllah]")whenbeginning
Wudu',asTasmiyahisWajib(obligatory)accordingtoagroupofscholarsandastressed
Sunnah(supererogatoryactofworshipfollowingtheexampleoftheProphet)accordingtothe
majorityconsequently,itisnottobeneglected.ThepersonperformingWudu'maypronounce
itandtheconditionofKarahah(reprehensibility)iseliminated,becauseKarahahiseliminated
insituationswherethereisnecessitytopronounceTasmiyah.Thus,aMuslimisorderedto
pronounceTasmiyahatthebeginningofWudu'andthenproceed.
AsforShahadah(TestimonyofFaith),itshouldbepronouncedoutsidethebathroom,because
thisisaplaceforrelievingoneself.WhenyoufinishWudu',youshouldsayShahadahoutside
thebathroom.IfthebathroomisaplacejustforWudu'withnotoiletorurinal,thenitis
permissibletopronounceShahadah,becauseitisnotaplaceforrelievingoneself.
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Duà'ofenteringthebathroom
AquestionerfromAlMadinahsays,whenIenterthebathroom,IrecitetheDuà'Ma'thur
(supplicationbasedontransmittedreports)whichreads, OAllah,IseekRefugewithYoufromAlKhubthand
AlKhaba'ith. ShouldthewordAlKhubthbespelledoutasthisorasAlKhubuthoraretheyboth
correct?WhatisthemeaningofthisDuà'?ShouldthisDuà'besaidinsideoroutsidethe
bathroom?IfIforgettosayitbeforeenteringthebathroom,mayIsayitinside?Shouldthis
Duà'besaidoutloudinsidethebathroom?WhatshouldIsaywhencomingoutofthe
bathroom?IsthisDuà'prescribedwhenenteringthebathroomorjustwhenrelieving
oneself?
A : Itisauthenticallyreportedthatwhenenteringthebathroom,theProphet(peacebeupon
him)usedtosay: OAllah,IseekRefugewithYoufromAlKhubthandAlKhaba'ith. ItisspelledoutasAlKhubth
orAlKhubuthbotharecorrect.Itmeansseekingrefugefromallevilandwickeddeeds.Some
scholarsinterpretitasmeaningmaleandfemaledevils.Ifyouareinthedesert,youshould
saythisTaàwwudh(seekingrefugewithAllah)whenrelievingoneself.ThisTaàwwudh
shouldbesaidbefore,notafterenteringthebathroom.
Itisprescribedaftercomingoutofthebathroomorrelievingoneselfinthedeserttosay,
Ghufranak(IaskYouAllahforforgiveness.)
ThewisdomhereandAllahknowsbestisthatAllahbestowsuponyoufoodanddrinkas
wellastheabilitytorelieveyourself.Aservantmayneglectofferingthanks,soweshould
seekAllah'sForgivenesswhenrelievingourselvesafterenjoyingtheblessingsoffoodand
drink.AllahlovesthatHisservantsthankHimforHisBlessingsandseekHisForgivenessof
theirsins.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: ThereforerememberMe(bypraying,glorifying),Iwill
rememberyou,andbegratefultoMe(forMycountlessFavoursonyou)andneverbeungratefultoMe.
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TherulingonenteringthebathroomwithathingbearingDhikrorAyahs
Q:Sometimes,IenterthebathroomcarryingpaperscontainingDhikr(RemembranceofAllah)
andAyahs(Qur'anicverses)amItoblameforthis?
A : ItisMakruh(reprehensible)toenterthebathroomwithanythingbearingDhikr,foritis
authenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtotakehisringoffbefore
enteringthebathroom,becauseontheringwasengraved,'MuhammadistheMessengerof
Allah.'However,ifyoucannotfindasecureplacetokeepyourpaperstillyoucomeoutofthe
bathroom,thereisnothingwrongifyouenterthebathroomwiththesepapers.Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states: whileHehasexplainedtoyouindetailwhatisforbiddentoyou,exceptunder
compulsionofnecessity (SurahAlAnàm).IfAllahallowstheprohibitedincaseofnecessity,the
Makruhismorelikelytobepermissibleincaseofnecessity.
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TherulingonEnteringthebathroomcarryinginvocationsandsupplications
Q:Ikeepabookletinmypocketwhichhasinvocationsandsupplicationsfordailylifeand
spiritualmattersandItakeitwithmewhileperformingWuduoransweringthecallofnature.
Isthereanythingwrongwiththis?
A : Itisbetternottotakesuchbookletswithyouintothebathroom,asitisMakruh
(reprehensible)accordingtoagroupofscholars.However,ifyoucannotleaveitoutsidethe
bathroom,youarefreefromblame.
MayAllahgrantusSuccess!
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TherulingonenteringthebathroomcarryingaMushafinone'spocket
Q:IkeepaMushafinmypockettoreadtheQur'aneverywhereandIenterthebathroomwith
it.Isthereanythingwrongwiththis?Sometimes,IwritesomeAyas(Qur'anicVerses)ona
paperforrevisionandaftermemorizingthemItearitupandthrowitinthetrashbin.Isthis
wrong?Please,advise!MayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : EnteringthebathroomwhilecarryingtheMushafisnotpermissibleexceptwhennecessary.
[Forexample,]ifyoufearlestitshouldbestolen,youmaytakeitwithyou.
AsfortearingpapersonwhichyouhavewrittenAyahstomemorize,theyaretobetornintoa
verysmallpiecesthatleavenotraceoftheAyahsandshouldbeburiedincleanpuresoilorbe
burnt.
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MentalremembranceofAllahisprescribedatalltimesandallplacesincludinglavatoryand
elsewhere
Q:OneshouldmentionAllahatalltimesandeverywhereexceptingcertainforbiddenplaces
likethelavatory.ShouldapersontotallyabstainfromtheremembranceofAllahinthe
lavatoryeveninhisheart?
A : MentalremembranceofAllahispermissibleatalltimesandinallplaceseveninthe
lavatory.However,itisundesirabletoverbalizeitinthelavatoryandsuchplacesexcept
whensayingBismillah(intheNameofAllah)uponbeginningWudu'outsidethelavatory
becauseitisobligatoryaccordingtosomescholarsanditisastressedSunnahaccordingto
themajorityofscholars.
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IsthevalidityofWudu'dependingonperformingIstinja'
Q:IsperformingIstinja'aconditionforthevalidityofWudu'?
A : ItisnotaconditiontoperformIstinja'foreveryWudu'.However,Istinja'isperformedfor
purificationfromurineandstool.AsforthethingsthatbreaktheWudu'suchaspassingwind,
touchingtheprivateparts,eatingcamelmeat,orsleepingtheydonotrequireIstinja'andit
isenoughtoperformWudu'bywashingthefaceandhands(forearms)uptotheelbows,
wipingover(bypassingwethandsover)thehead,and(washing)thefeetuptoanklesas
Allah,(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, Oyouwhobelieve!WhenyouintendtoofferAsSalt(theprayer),wash
yourfacesandyourhands(forearms)uptotheelbows,rub(bypassingwethandsover)yourheads,and(wash)yourfeetupto
ankles.
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Therulingonthewudu'ofsomeonewhodischargesMadhiorWadiafterurination
Q:WereceivedthismessagefromMr.M.À.M.A.whoisanEgyptianandlivesinRiyadh.He
says,IdischargeMadhy(thinwhiteviscidfluidsecretedduetosexualthoughtsordesire)
afterurination,whatistherulingonmyWudu'(ablution)?Whatisthepropermannerof
Wudu'insuchacase?NotethatIsqueezemypenis
afterIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)and
someonetoldmethatthisislegallywrongandmedicallyharmful.Therefore,Iusedtoput
tissues(onmypenis)andwaitforawhile(tomakesurethereisnothinginsideit),but
sometimeswhenIheartheAdhanandIneedtourinatesoIjustperformwudu'andpray.This
makesmefeelthatmyprayerisincomplete.
A : Youshouldnotexaggerateinthismatter,squeezingthepenisisdangerousanditcauses
enuresisandalsocausesinsinuation.Afterurination,performIstinja'orIstijmar(cleansing
theprivatepartswithahardmaterialafterurinationordefecation).Squeezingthepenisis
notnecessaryanditisimpermissible,foritcausesinsinuationandenuresis.So,youshouldbe
carefulandafterurinationperformIstinja'withwater,orIstijmarwithrocksandthelike
threetimesormoreandthisisenough.Thewhitefluidthatisdischargedafterurination
takesthesamerulingasurine.ItmaybeMadhiorWadiy(athickwhitesecretiondischarged
afterurination),whichyoumerelywashwithwater.ButifitwasMadhithatisusuallyemitted
whenthereissexualarousal,thenyoushouldwashyourpenisandtesticlesasnarratedinthe
Sunnah.
However,anywhitefluid,otherthanMadhiandWadiy,takesthesamerulingofurinethat
onlyrequireswashingthepenisandthisissufficient.PraisebetoAllah.
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Therulingonurinatingwhilestandingup
Q:Isitpermissibletourinatewhilestandingup?
A : Thereisnothingwrongwithurinatingwhilestandingup,especiallywhennecessarysolong
astheplaceiscoveredandnoonecanseeyourprivatepartsandthesprayoftheurineshould
nottouchyou.ItisnarratedbyHudhayfah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)cametothedumpsofsomepeopleandpassedurinewhilestanding. .
However,itisbettertourinatewhilesittingdownbecausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
didsooftenandbecausethisconcealstheprivatepartsandguardsonefromthesprayof
urine.
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TherulingonfacingtheQiblahorturningone'sbacktoitwhenansweringthecallofnature
Q:WhatistherulingonfacingtheQiblahorturningone'sbacktoitwhenansweringthecall
ofnature,takingintoconsiderationthatinsomehousesthetoiletsweredesignedinthe
directionoftheQiblah.Please,advise.MayAllahrewardyou!
A : ItisnotpermissibletofacetheQiblahorturnone'sbacktoitwhenansweringthecallof
natureifoneisinthedesert,becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)forbadethisinthe
HadithnarratedbyAbuAyyubAlAnsari(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)andinotherHadiths.
Asforhouses,thereisnoproblembecauseitwasnarratedintheTwoSahih(authentic)onthe
authorityofIbn'Umar(mayALlahbepleasedwiththemboth)whosaid: IsawtheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)inthehouseofHafsahansweringthenature'scalldirectingtowardsAlSham(TheLevant)turninghisbacktotheKa'bah .
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WashingtheprivatepartswhenperformingIstijmar
Q:Isitcompulsorytowashalltheposteriorandanteriorprivatepartsforwudu(ablution)or
isitenoughtowashtheanterior?
A : Itisobligatorytowashalltheposteriorandanteriorprivatepartsafterpassingurineand
stoolbutifnothingpassesoutandonejustbreakswind,sleeps,touchestheprivateparts,or
eatscamelmeat,Wuduisenoughbywashingthefaceandhands(forearms)uptotheelbows,
wiping(bypassingwethandsover)thehead,and(washing)thefeetuptoankles.
Istinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)inthiscaseisnot
obligatorybecausenourineorstoolpassedout.Ifurineonlypassesout,itisenoughtowash
theendofthepenisandcleanitfromurinewithoutwashingyouranusifnothingpassesout
fromit.OneshouldmerelyperformWuduaspreviouslymentionedandMadmada(rinsingthe
mouth)andIstinshaaq(snuffingwaterinthenose)areincludedinwashingtheface.
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TherulingonIstijmarwithtissuesandwithonepebble
Q:WhatistherulingonIstijmar(cleansingtheprivatepartswithahardmaterialafter
urinationordefecation)withtissuesandisonerockenoughforIstijmar?
A : ItispermissibletouseallpuremattersinIstijmarforpurificationsuchaspebbles,bricks,
cleantissuesandpapersnotinscribedwiththeNameofAllahhowever,bonesanddungmust
beavoidedbecausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)forbadeusingthemfor
Istinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)stating: Theydonot
purify. ItisalsorecordedinSahihMuslimontheauthorityofSalmanAlFarisi(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)whosaid: He(i.e.theProphet,peacebeuponhim)forbadeustofacetheQiblahwhendefecatingor
urinating,ortocleanseourselves(afterurinationordefecation)withtherighthand,orwithlessthanthreestones,orwithdungor
bones. .
ItisalsoreportedinSahihMuslimfromÀbdullahBinMas'ud(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
whosaid: TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)forbadeIstinja(cleansingtheprivatepartsafterurinationordefecation)
withbonesordung andsaid, ThesearethefoodstuffsofyourbrothersfromamongtheJinn. .
Itisunacceptabletouselessthan3stonesforIstinjafortheHadithnarratedbySalamanandother
Hadithsmentionedonthisissue.Ifthreestonesarenotsufficient,oneshoulduseafourthone
orevenmoreuntilcompletelycleansed.
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ChapteronSunanAlFitrah
Wearingfragrancesknownascologne
Q:Isitpermissibletousefragrancesknownascolognethatcontainsalcohol?
A : Usingfragrancesknownas"cologne"containingalcoholisnotpermissiblebecauseithas
beenmedicallyproventhatthealcoholitcontainsisanintoxicant.Thus,itisprohibitedfor
bothmenandwomen,butitdoesnotinvalidateWudu'(Ablution).
Asfortheprayer,themajorityofscholarsholdthatintoxicantsareNajisandwhoeverprays
whilewearingintentionallysomethingNajisinvalidateshisprayer.
SomescholarsholdthatintoxicantsarenotNajis.Thus,itisevidentthatifapersonprays
whilehewearssuchcolognesonhisclothesorbodyoutofforgetfulnessorignoranceordue
tohisbeliefthattheyarepure,hisprayerisvalid.
Itissafertowashtheperfumedpartoftheclothesorthebodytoavoidthedifference
betweenscholars.Ifthereisakindofcolognewithoutalcohol,itispermissibletouseit,for
therulefollowsitscausewhenitexists,theruletakesplaceandviceversa.
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Therulingonofferingperfumetofemaleguests
FromÀbdulÀzizBinÀbdullahIbnBaztothehonoredsisterF.F.,
mayAllahprotecther!
A ssalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!)
ConcerningyourquestionregisteredwiththeGeneralSecretariatoftheCouncilofSenior
Scholarsno.4253dated19/8/1412A.H.whereinyouaskanumberofquestions:
Therulingonofferingperfumeandincensetothefemaleguestsfollowingthehabitsofyour
homecountry?
A : Thereisnoharmifthewomenyouperfumeddonotgotothemarketafterleavingyour
houseandgodirectlytotheirhomesincars,oriftheirhousesarecloseandtheydonot
intermixwithAjanib(menlawfulforawomantomarry)ontheirwayhome.
Otherwise,apologizetothemandtellthemthatitisnotpermissibleforwomentobe
perfumedinthepresenceofAjanib(menlawfulforthewomantomarry),becausethe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)
forbadethisfortheFitnah(temptation)involved.
MayAllahgrantusallsuccess!HeisAllHearerandResponsive
Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh
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Therulingonwomenwearingperfumewhengoingout
Q:SisterN.M.S.fromCasablancainMoroccoasks:Isitpermissibleforawomantowear
perfumewhengoingtoschool,hospital,orwhilevisitingherrelativesandneighbors?
A : Thereisnothingwrongwiththis,ifsheisgoingtoafemalegatheringwherethereareno
men.However,itisnotpermissibletogooutperfumedtothemarketsandinterminglewith
men.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Ifanywomanwearsincense,sheshouldnotattendthenight
prayerwithus. TherearealsootherHadithsonthisissuebecausewhenaperfumedwomanpasss
bymenonthestreetsandingatheringssuchasmosques,shecausesFitnah(temptation).She
shouldalsocoverherselfandavoidTabarruj(dressingimmodestly)becauseAllahstates: And
stayinyourhouses,anddonotdisplayyourselveslikethatofthetimesofignorance Tabarrujalsomeansthedisplay
ofwomen'sbeautylikeherface,hair,andotherpartsofherbody.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Therulingonapplyingperfumecontainingalcohol
Q:Whatistherulingonapplyingperfumecontainingalcohol?
A:Thebasicruleisthatperfumeislawfultouseunlessitcontainssomethingthatprohibitsits
usesuchasintoxicants,substancesthatmaycauseintoxicationiftakeninlargequantities,or
Najis(impure)substances.Perfumes,otherthanthat,likeùd(anameofperfume),
ambergris,andmuskareingenerallawfultouse.
Therefore,ifitisestablishedthataperfumecontainssomeprohibitedsubstanceas
intoxicantsorNajasah(impurity),itshouldbeavoided.Colognecomesunderthisrulingithas
beenmedicallyprovedthatitcontainsalotofalcohol,whichisanintoxicant.
Thus,suchperfumesshouldnotbeusedunlesstherearealcoholfreetypes.Therearemany
lawfulperfumesthatareenough.Inthismanner,anybeverageorfoodthatincludesan
intoxicantsubstancemustbeabandoned.ThisisinaccordancewiththeProphet'sHadith, Ifa
largeamountofanythingcausesintoxication,asmallamountofitisprohibited.
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Womenwearingstrongperfumes,especiallywhenleavinghome
Q:Whatistherulingonusingperfumelikemusk,ùd(anameofperfume),rosescent,and
thelikebyawomanespeciallywhenleavinghome?Whatistherulingonawomanwho
incensesandperfumesherfemalevisitorsasawayofshowingthemhospitality?
A : Itisprohibitedforwomentogooutwhilewearingperfume.Shehasnorighteithertodo
thattoherselfortoherfemalevisitorsandguests.Rather,sheshouldexcuseherselftelling
hergueststherulingofShariàhonthismatter.Thiswayshewouldbenicetoherguests
withoutdoingsomethingHaram(unlawful).
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Therulingonwomengoingoutwhilewearingperfume
Q:Whatdoyouthinkofawomanwhogivesanotherwomanabottleofperfumeasagift,
bearinginmindthattherecipientgoesoutwearingthisperfume?Isthegiverofthegift
sinful?
A : Thereisnoproblemingivingperfumeasagifttoawoman,becausegiftscauseamityand
loveandthegiverisrewardedforthat.Ifthewoman,whotookthegift,usestheperfumein
anunlawfulway,shewillbesinful.However,ifthewomanwhogivesthegiftknowsthatthe
otherwearsperfumewhilegoingout,itwillnotbepermissibletogivethegiftbecausethis
willbeakindofhelpinginsinandtransgressionwhileAllah(ExaltedbeHe)says, butdonothelp
oneanotherinsinandtransgression.
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Therulingontheremainingscarsoftattoosontheskinandgoldteethafterknowingoftheir
prohibition.
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztothehonoredbrother:M.'A
MayAllahsafeguardhim!
A ssalamuàlaikumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!)
InreferencetoyourquestiontotheDepartmentofScholarlyResearchandIfta'registered
undernumber207,on12/1/1409A.H,inwhichyouaskabouttherulingonthescarsof
tattoosleftonhumanbodyafterknowingoftheprohibitionoftattoos.Youalsoaskedabout
Muslimskeepinggoldteethintheirmouthswhichwereimplantedwhilebeingignorantofits
ruling.TheremovalofagoldtoothafterknowingtheyareprohibitedformaleMuslimsleaves
anunsightlygapinthemouthwhatshouldonedo?
A . BeinformedthatcreatingtattoosanywhereonthehumanbodyisHaram(prohibited),as
statedinthestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whosaid: Allahhascursedwomenwho
artificiallylengthen(someoneelse's)hairandthosewhohavetheirhairlengthenedandthosewhotattoo(someoneelse)andthose
whogetthemselvestattooed. IfaMuslimcreatesatattoowhilebeingignorantoftheprohibition,or
wastattooedwhilebeingachild,theymusthaveitremoved.However,ifitisdifficultor
harmfultoremovethistattoo,oneneedsonlytorepentandaskAllahforforgivenesswithout
beingheldaccountablefortheremainingtattoo.
Implantinggoldteethunnecessarilyisnotpermissible,becausewearinggoldisprohibitedfor
maleMuslims,unlessthereisanurgentneedtodoso.
Accordingtoyourquestion,youimplantedthisgoldtoothforbeautificationpurposes,
therefore,youmustremoveifyoucanreplaceitwithapermissiblematerial.
MayAllahguideusalltodowhatpleasesHim!
A ssalamuàlaikumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!).
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TherulingonFemaleCircumcision
Q:WhatistherulingonFemaleCircumcision?
A : CircumcisionisoneofthecharacteristicsoftheFitrah(naturaldisposition)which
distinguishMuslims.ItwasnarratedintheTwoSahih(authentic)booksontheauthorityof
AbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeupon
him)said, Fivepracticesare(characteristics)oftheFitrah:circumcision,shavingthepubichair,cuttingthemoustachesshort,
clippingthenails,anddepilatingthehairofthearmpits.
He(peacebeuponhim)startedwithcircumcisionandsaiditisoneofthecharacteristicsof
Fitrah.
Islamiccircumcisionisdefinedascuttingofftheforeskincoveringtheglansonly.However,
removingtheskincoveringthepenisorskinningtheentirepenis,assavagelypracticedby
ignorantpeopleisanillegaldevilishpractice.Itisasignofignoranceandtorturetothe
circumcisedperson.ItisfurtheragainsttheSunnahofProphetMuhammad(peacebeupon
him)andtheIslamicShariàhwhichcamewitheasinessandprotectionoflives.Thiskindof
circumcisionisforbiddenformanyreasonsincluding:
1.AccordingtotheSunnah,onlytheforeskincoveringtheglansshouldberemoved.
2.[Skinningthepenis]isconsideredatypeoftortureandadeformationofthehumanbody
whichtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)forbadehealsoforbadetyinganimalsto
killthemortomutilatethem.Thus,torturingpeopleis,afortiori,agreatersin.
3.ThisistheoppositeofgoodnessandkindnesswhichwerestressedbytheMessengerof
Allah(peacebeuponhim)inhiswords: Verily,Allahhasenjoinedgoodnesstoeverything.
4.Thiscouldleadtothedeathofthecircumcisedperson,whichisprohibited.Allah(Exalted
beHe)says, anddonotthrowyourselvesintodestruction(bynotspendingyourwealthintheCauseofAllh) Allah
(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosays: Anddonotkillyourselves(norkilloneanother).Surely,AllhisMostMercifultoyou. Thus,
scholarssaidthatcircumcisionisnotobligatoryontheagedifitisrisky.
Asforgatheringthepeople(malesandfemales)andtheboystandsbeforethemundressed,
thisisHaram(prohibited),becausesuchathingexposesÀwrah(privatepartsofthebody
thatmustbecoveredinpublic)infactIslamenjoinscoveringÀwrahandprohibitsexposing
it.
Likewise,thegatheringofmenandwomenonthisoccasionisimpermissibletopreventFitnah
(temptation)itisalsoagainsttherulingsofIslam.
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FemaleCircumcision
Q:ShaykhÀbdulÀzizIbnBaz,theGeneralMuftyoftheKingdomofSaudiArabia,
MayAllahprotectyou!
SomeMuslimcountriespracticefemalecircumcision,believingthisisaFard(obligatory,based
onadefinitivetext)orSunnah(acommendableact).
A lMajallahMagazineispreparingapieceaboutthetopicandduetoitsimportance,we
wouldliketoknowfromyoutheShar`y(Islamic)opinioninthisregard.
Wetrulyappreciateyourcooperationandwishyouallhealthandsuccess.
Regards,thedeputyeditor.
A : A ssalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessings
beuponyou!)
FemalecircumcisionisaSunnahjustlikemalecircumcisionprovidedthatitisconductedbya
skilful
maleorfemaledoctor.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "TherearefivepracticesoftheFitrah
(Islamicpracticesofpersonalhygiene):Circumcision,shavingthepubicregion,trimmingthemustache,cuttingthenails,and
removinghairfromthearmpits." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
M a y A l l a h g u i d e u s a l l t o w h a t p l e a s e s H i m ! A ssalamuàlaykumwarahmatullah
wabarakatuh.
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FemalecircumcisionisanactofSunnah
Q:SomeonefromAmericaasks:Whatistherulingonfemalecircumcision?Arethereany
criteriaforit?
A:IntheNameofAllah.AllPraisebetoAllah!
FemalecircumcisionisSunnah(acommendableact)providedthatitisconductedbyaskillful
maleorfemaledoctor.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "TherearefivepracticesoftheFitrah
(Islamicpracticesofpersonalhygiene):Circumcision,shavingthepubicregion,trimmingthemustache,cuttingthenails,and
removinghairfromthearmpits." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
TheHadithisequallyappliedtomenandwomeninallthepracticesofSunnahwiththe
exceptionoftrimmingthemustachewhichisformenonly.
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Shavingagirl'sheadandcircumcisingherafterbirth
FromÀbdulÀzizBinÀbdullahIbnBaztothehonorablesisterN.S.R.KH.
MayAllahprotectyou!
Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
InreferencetoyourFatwarequestregisteredintheDepartmentsofScholarlyResearchand
Ifta'underno.4312on23/11/1407A.H.inwhichyouaskaboutfemalecircumcisionand
shavingagirl'sheadafterbirth,
A : ItisanactofSunnah(acommendableact)toshavethemalechildheadontheseventh
dayofhisbirthaftergivinghimaname.However,theheadofagirlchildshouldnotbe
shaved.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Àqiqah(sacrificeforanewborn)shouldbeofferedonthe
seventhday(afterbirth)ofeverymalechild,hisheadshouldbeshavedandheisgivenaname." RelatedbyImamAhmad
andAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)witha
goodSanadchainofnarrators.
Asforfemalecircumcision,itisMustahab(desirable)andnotWajib(obligatory),accordingto
thegeneralityoftheHadithrelatedinthisregard.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidfor
example, "TherearefivepracticesoftheFitrah(Islamicpracticesofpersonalhygiene):Circumcision,shavingthepubicregion,
trimmingthemustache,cuttingthenails,andremovinghairfromthearmpits." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim)
MayAllahguideusalltowhatpleasesHim!
uponyou!)
www.ircpk.com

TherulingonusingnailpolishshoulditberemoveduponperformingWudu'?
Q:S.S.fromAlJawfasks:Isitsinfulforawomantousenailpolish?Whatshouldshedoon
performingWudu'(ablution)?
A : Thereisnolegalevidencethatpreventsthisactbutitispreferablenottouseit,sinceitis
unnecessary.ItmaypreventwaterfromreachingtheskinduringWudu'
Tosumup,itispreferabletoleaveitanduseHennaasasubstitute,foritisbettertouse
whattheearlierpeopleused.Yet,ifawomanappliesit,sheshouldremoveituponperforming
Wudu',foraspreviouslymentioneditpreventswaterfromreachingtheskin.
www.ircpk.com

Therulingonlettingthenailsgrowlongandusingnailpolish
Whatistherulingonlettingnailsgrowlongandusingnailpolishonthemtakinginto
considerationthatIofferWudu'(ritualablution)beforeIputitonandthenIremoveitafter
24hours?
A : LettingthenailsgrowlongisindisagreementwiththeSunnah,asitisauthentically
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, FivepracticesarecharacteristicsoftheFitra:
circumcision,shavingthepubichair,cuttingthemustachesshort,depilatingthehairofthearmpits,andclippingthenails.
Itisnotpermissibletoleavethemwithoutclippingthemformorethanfortynightsaccording
towhatisauthenticallyreportedfromAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thathesaid, the
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)toldusnottoleavetrimmingmustaches,cuttingnails,removinghairfromthearmpits,andshaving
pubichairformorethanfortydays. Moreover,lettingthemgrowlongincludeslikenesstoanimalsand
imitationofdisbelievers.
Withregardstowearingnailpolish,itispreferabletoavoiddoingso.Itshouldberemoved
beforeperformingWudu',asitpreventswaterfromreachingthenails.
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Therulingonlettingthenailsgrowlong
Q:Somepeoplelettheirnailsgrowuntiltheybecomeverydirty.Isthisacceptableinreligion?
IstheirWudu'(ablution)valid?
A : Apersonshouldcliptheirnailsatleasteveryfortydays,asitisauthenticallyreportedthat
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderedpeoplenottodelayclippingthenails,shavingthe
pubichair,removingthehairunderthearmpit,andtrimmingthemustachemorethanforty
days.
ItisnarratedbyAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim),whowasaservantoftheProphet,that
he(peacebeuponhim) toldustocutthemustachesshort,clipthenails,removethehairunderthearmpitsandshavethe
pubichairatleasteveryfortydays. RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith.Itis
alsorelatedbyImamAhmad,AlNasa'yandtheSixHadithCompilersinthefollowingwording, The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)toldustoclipthenails,cutthemustachesshort,shavethepubichair,andremovethehairunderthe
armpitsatleasteveryfortydays.
Menandwomenshouldtakecareofthismattertheyshouldnotlettheirnails,pubichairor
thehairunderthearmpitgrowformorethanfortydays.However,theirWudu'isvalid,andit
isnotinvalidatedbythedirtaccumulatedunderthenails.
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Trimmingtheeyebrows
Q:Whatistherulingontrimmingtheextrahairoftheeyebrows?
A : Itisimpermissibletoremoveortrimthehairoftheeyebrows,foritisauthentically
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)cursedthewomanwhopluckstheeyebrows
andthewomanwhodoesthatforher.Scholarshaveclarifiedthattrimmingtheeyebrowsfalls
underNams(removinghairfromtheeyebrows).
www.ircpk.com

Removingfacialhairforawoman
Q:Whatistherulingonremovingthefacialhairforwomen?
A : Theissuehassomeclarificationsifitisnormalfacialhair,itisnotpermissibletoremoveit
accordingtotheHadith,"Allah'sMessengerinvokedAllah'sCurseonwomenwhopractice
Nams(removinghairfromtheeyebrows)andthoseforwhomNamsismade..."
Namsistoremovethehairofthefaceandtheeyebrows.
Ifthereisextrafacialhairthatmakeswomanlookuglysuchasexcessivehairbelowhernose
oronhercheeks,thereisnothingwrongwithremovingit,becauseitmakesherfacelook
unattractive.ItisnotincludedintheforbiddenNams.
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Therulingonwomenaddingfalsehair
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahBinBaztothehonorablebrotherS.A.G.
MayAllahprotecthim!
uponyou!)
InreferencetoyourFatwarequestregisteredintheDepartmentofScholarlyResearchand
Ifta'number1265,dated1/4/1407A.H.,youinquirethereinabouttherulingonwomen
addingfalsehair.
A : Iinformyouthatitisimpermissibleforwomentoaddfalsehair.Thereisnodifferencein
thatbetweenhumanandanimalhairaccordingtotheSahih(authentic)Hadithsthatare
prohibitingthisact.
ItisnarratedintheSahihBookofMuslimontheauthorityofAsma'bintAbuBakr(mayAllah
bepleasedwithher)that awomancametotheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)andsaid,"OMessengerofAllah!
Ihaveadaughterwhohasbeennewlywedded.Shehadanattackofsmallpoxandthusherhairfell,mayIaddfalsehairtoher
head?"ThereupontheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said,"Allahhascursedthewomanwhoaddsfalsehairandthe
womanwhoasksforit." ItisalsoreportedontheauthorityofAbuAlZubayrthatheheardJabiribnÀbdullah
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)saying, TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)forbadewomenfromaddinganythingto
herhead(intheformofartificialhair).
MayAllahguideeveryonetowhatpleasesHim!AssalamuÀlaykumWarahmatullah
Wabarakatuh.
www.ircpk.com

Dyeinghairwithblackcolor
Q:N.A.M.fromRiyadhasks,"Isitpermissibleforawomantodyeherheadhairwithblack
color?
A : Itisnotpermissibleforawomanorotherstodyewhitehairwithblackdye,accordingto
theProphet'ssaying, Changethisgreyhairbutavoidblackcolor. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih)
Thereisnoharminusingdyesotherthanblackortoaddhennatotheblackcolorsothatit
doesnotappearblackbutacolorbetweenblackandred.
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Therulingondyingandsofteningthehairbycertaincreamsforwomen
HisEminenceshaykhÀbdulÀzizibnBaz
MayAllahprotecthim!
uponyou!)
Somewomenusecreamstosoftenthehair.Theyarecomposedofamixtureofhennaand
someherbsthathaveablackcoloringeffect.Consequently,whatistherulingonusingthese
creams?Itshouldbeknownthatwomenuseitforsofteningratherthandyingpurposes,since
thereexistsamongstthemsomewhoalreadyhaveblackcoloredhair.
Whatistherulingifablackhairedyoungwomanwhohassomewhitehairsusesitfor
softeningpurposes?Please,advise!MayAllahbenefitandrewardyouthebest!
À.Q
A:WaàlaykumAssalamwarahmatullahwabarakatuh.
Thereisnothingwrongwithusingthiscreamtosoftenthehairaslongasthewomanapplying
ithasnowhitehair.However,ifshehaswhitehair,itisimpermissibletousewhatever
changesintoblack,sincetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Changethecolorofwhitehairbutavoid
black(color) .
MayAllahgrantsuccesstoall!Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh.
www.ircpk.com

TherulingofIslamontheartificialhairwornonhead(wig)
PraisebetoAllah.MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponthemessengerofAllah,uponhisfamily,and
Companions!
ItisrelatedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)ontheauthorityof
Muàwiyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that hedeliveredasermonontheProphet'sMinbar(pulpit)andtookahaircut
inthehandofasoldier.Then,hesaid,"Whereareyourscholars,OPeopleofMadinah?IheardtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
forbidding
suchthingsandsaying,"Indeed,theChildrenofIsraelperishedwhentheirwomenworethesethings. Accordingtothereport
ofMuslim, Indeed,theChildrenofIsraelwerepunishedwhentheirwomenworethesethings.
ItisalsoreportedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)andthefollowingisthetextreportedby
MuslimfromSaìdibnAlMusayyabthathesaid, whenMuàwiyahcametoMadinah,hedeliveredasermontousandgetoutaball
ofhairandsaid,"IthoughtthatnoonewearthisexcepttheJews.WhenthenewsofthisactwasconveyedtotheMessengerofAllah,
hecalledit,"falsehood".
AccordingtoanothernarrationofMuslim:Muàwiyah(maybepleasedwithhim)onedaysaid, Youinventedanevildressandthe
ProphetofAllah(peacebeuponhim)forbadefalsehood.
Imam A lNawawy(mayAllahconfermercyonhim)saidinhiscommentaryonSahihMuslimwhenexplainingthisHadith,"Hissaying,
"aballofhair",AlAsma`yandotherssaid,"Itreferstothehairoftheforeheador,accordingtoanothersaying,thatoftheforelock."
ThisHadithclearlyforbidswearingtheartificialhaircalledwigsaccordingtowhatMuàwiyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
mentionedabouttheProphet(peacebeuponhim)intheaforementionedauthenticHadithconcerningtherulingonforelockwhich
appliestowigsthatwomenarewearingtoday,whichismoreconfusingthanthosespecifiedbyMuàwiyah(mayAllahbepleased
withhim).ItmaybewhattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)attributedtotheChildrenofIsrael.Itislessconfusing,ratheritiseven
moretempting
andworselie.Itleadstothesameevilsoftheforelock.Concerningthisruling,thereisnodifferencebetweenmaleandfemale,asthe
underlyingreasonisequallyappliedtobothofthem.
Accordingly,wigsareprohibitedoutoffouraspects:
First:WigsareincludedinthemattersthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)forbade.Themoodofnegativecommand
originallyconveysprohibitionaccordingtoAllah'sSaying, AndwhatsoevertheMessenger(Muhammad)
givesyou,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbidsyou,abstain(fromit).AndfearAllhverily,AllhisSevereinpunishment. The
Prophet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)alsosays: WhateverIforbidyoutodo,avoiditandwhateverI
commandyoutodo,doasmuchofitasyoucan. ThisHadithisagreeduponitsauthenticityi.e.reportedbyAlBukhariand
Muslim.
Second:Wigsareformsoffalsehoodanddeception.
Third:WearingwigsimpliesimitationoftheJews.ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
said, Whoeverimitatesapeopleisoneofthem.
Fourth:WearingwigsisamongthecausesoftormentanddestructionaccordingtotheProphet'ssaying, Indeed,the
ChildrenofIsraelweredestroyedwhentheirwomenworesuchthings.
Moreover,itlendssupporttoourargumentthatwigsaremoreconfusinganddeceiving,andworsethanaddingfalse
hairtohair.ItisauthenticallyrelatedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)and
otherbooksofHadiththattheProphet(peacebeuponhim), cursedtheladywhoartificiallylengthens(herorsomeone
else's)hairandtheonewhogetsherhairlengthened. Thefirstwomanisthatwholengthensherhairwithanartificialhair.
Accordingly, A lBukhary(mayAllahconfermercyonhim)mentionedtheHadithnarratedbyMuàwiyah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)inthechapterof"lengtheningthehairwithartificialhair"inordertoindicatethatwearingthe
artificialhaircallsfortherulingof
lengtheningthehairwithartificialhairwhichpointsouthisgreatunderstandinganddeepknowledgeandaccuracy.
MayAllahconferHisMercyuponImamAlBukhary!
Thisisbecauseaddingfalsehairtowoman'shairinordertolengthen,thicken,orincreaseitisaprohibitedmatter
thatentailsthecurseofAllah,foritisdeception,fraud,andfalsehood.Undoubtedly,wearingsomethingsuchasa
wigthatstandsfortheentirehairofheadismoredeceivingandseriousinliethanlengtheningthehair.Thisisso
clear,praisebetoAllah.
ItiscompulsoryuponMuslimstocombatthisabominableact,disavow,andabandonit.Similarly,therulers,mayAllah
guidethemtogoodness,shouldpreventandwarnagainstitinaccordancewiththesayingsoftheProphet(peacebe
uponhim).PreventingtheseprohibitedthingsreflectstheenforcementoftheteachingsoftheProphet'sSunnah,
www.ircpk.com
removingthecausesoftemptation,keepingawayfromthecausesofdestructionandtorment,protectingMuslims
fromimitatingtheenemiesofAllahfromtheJewsandwarningMuslimsagainstthingsthatharmtheminthisworldlylife
andintheHereafter.
AllahistheonewhomweinvoketobettertheMuslims'affairs,grantthemreligiouscomprehension,protectthem
fromwhatcontradictsHisShariàh,andguidetheirrulerstoallthatisgoodforpeoplesandcountriesinthisworldly
lifeandintheHereafter.HeistheOneWhoisabletodothat.
MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponProphetMuhammad,hisFamily,andCompanions!
www.ircpk.com

Rulingonwearingkohlforbeautification
Q:A.A.fromCairo,Egypt,asksifitispermissibleforawomantowearkohl?
A : Itispermissibleforawomantowearkohlbeforewomen,herhusband,andherMahram
(spouseorunmarriageablerelative).However,itisnotpermissibleforhertouncoverherface
orrevealhereyesbeautifiedwithKohl.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says, Andwhenyouask(hiswives)for
anythingyouwant,askthemfrombehindascreen:thatispurerforyourheartsandfortheirhearts.
ItispermissibletousetheBurqu`(afaceveil),whichallowshertwooroneeyetoappearbut
withoutwearingkohlbeforetheAjnaby(amanwhoislawfulforthewomantomarry)like
herbrotheri nlaw,herhusband'suncle,herpaternalcousin,hermaternalcousin,etc.
whetherMuslimsordisbelievers.
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Adviceandwarningagainstshavingthebeard
IntheNameofAllah.AllPraiseisduetoAllah!MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponHisMessenger,his
family,andhisCompanions!
A lMadinahNewspaperissuedin16/4/1413A.Hanadvertisemententitled,"representativesfromAlQarah
cooperativesocietytoshavetheheadandthebeardforfree."
Undoubtedly,thisactisMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableordisapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsof
soundintellect)andinvitationtocommittingsinsopenlyandencouragingotherstoit.Itisauthentically
reportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said, "Trim
themustacheandletthebeardgrowtodifferfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)."
He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, "TrimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrowtobeunliketheMushriks(thosewho
associateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)." Healsosaid, "Trimcloselythemustacheandgrowthebeard!Beunlikethe
magi." TheyareallSahih(authentic)Hadiths.
Therefore,allMuslimsshouldobeytheordersoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andbewareofdisobeyinghimorimitatingthe
enemiesofAllahandHisMessenger.ItisobligatoryuponthosewhoareinchargeofAlQarahcooperativesocietyandthenewspaper
torepenttoAllahandbecarefulofsuchanevilact.
MayAllahfixouraffairs,protectusallfromfollowingthewhimsandSatan,andfromdisobeyingtheordersofAllahandHis
Messenger.Verily,AllahisthebestOnetobeaskedforhelp.
ItisworthmentioningthatMuslimshavetoadviseandwarneachotheragainstevilthings.
MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamily,andcompanions!
www.ircpk.com

(PartNo:10
,PageNo:60)
Apieceofadvicetothoseencouragingtheshavingofbeards
F r o mÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahBinBaztothehonorablebrother,theeditorinchiefofÙkaznewspaper,may
Allahprotecthim!
ItwaspublishedinSha`ban18,1393A.H.on"Mujtamaùna(oursociety)"page,ashortarticleentitled,
"Negligencedestroysmaritallife"inwhichthewritersays,"Amanmightneglecthislooksontheweekend
bynotshavinghisbeardandsohelooksshabbyanddepressed."
ThissayingisMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableordisapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsound
intellect).ItisaninvitationtocontradicttheSunnah.Therefore,Ithoughtthatitismydutytoadviseyou
andtheMuslimstowardoffthepunishment[ofkeepingsilentwhenadvicebecomesamust].
AwisemanknowsthatthebestofgenerationsisthegenerationoftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeupon
him).TheSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet,mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)didnotshavetheirbeards
followingtheexampleoftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)andincompliancewithhis
commands.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Trimcloselythemustacheandgrowthebeard,andbedifferentfrom
themagi." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)bookofHadith).He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid,
"Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrowtobecontradictorytothedisbelievers." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim).Itisalsotoavoidcontradictinghim(peacebeuponhim).ThelastgenerationsofthisUmmah
(nation)willnotsucceedexceptwithwhatbroughtsuccesstothefirstgenerations.Theblindimitation
oftheenemiesofIslamandtheabandonmentoftheteachingsofShariàhmademanypeopleexchange
goodforevil.Theyalsoinviteotherstoshavetheirbeardsasthecasewiththearticlepublishedinyour
newspaper.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidinanauthenticHadith, "Anyonewhocallsothersto(followthe
Right)Guidancewillhavearewardequaltotherewardofthosewhofollowhimwithouttheirrewardbeingdiminishedatalland
whoeverinvitesotherstofollowmisguidance,theirsinwillbeequivalenttothatofthepeoplewhofollowthem(insinfulness)without
theirsinsbeingdiminishedinanyrespect."
YoushouldbewareofpublishinganythingthatcontradictstheShariàh.Rather,youshouldpublishthe
Shariàhteachingsandguidance.Yournewspapershouldbeakeytoguidance.Ididnotknowofthisarticle
until5/1/1394A.H.andthisisthereasonformylatereply.
MayAllahguideusalltowhatpleasesHim!MayHeguideustoHisStraightPathandprotectusfromtheevil
ofourselvesandtheevilconsequencesofourdeeds!
PresidentoftheIslamicUniversityinAlMadinahAlMunawwarah
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Aclearanswertothediscussionon
growingandshavingthebeard
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahBinBaztothehonorableShaykhM.D.À.D.
mayAllahincreasehisknowledgeandIman(Faith)andblesshimwhereverhemaybe.Amen!
uponyou!)
Ireceivedyourhonorableletterdated13/10/1394A.H.,mayAllahguideyouandgrantyou
success.ItincludedthatyouandsometeacherswhograduatedfromAlAzharUniversity
disputedovertherulingongrowing,shaving,andtrimmingthebeards.Youdidnotdecidethe
matterdecisively,soyouarenotconvincedofeachother'sopinionandyouwantadefinite
answerconcerningthisissue.
A : ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)orderedusto
letthebeardgrowaccordingtotheHadithnarratedfromIbnÙmarandrecordedintheTwo
Sahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim).AsimilarHadithisalso
narratedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrahandrecordedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)bookof
Hadith.OtherHadithswerereportedinotherthanthetwoSahihBooksofHadith,allofwhich
indicatetheobligationofgrowingthebeardsandtheprohibitionofshavingortrimmingthem.
Basically,the'imperativemood'inanyoftheProphet'sHadithsimpliesobligationwhilethe
'negativemood'impliesprohibition.Itisimpermissibleforanyonetointerprettextsinaway
otherthantheirapparentmeaningexceptwithauthentic,dependable,andsupporting
evidence.ThereisnosupportingevidenceforthosewhointerprettheseHadithsinaway
otherthantheirapparentmeaningandclaimthattheydonotindicatetheobligationof
growingthebeardorprohibitionofshavingit.
TheHadithwhichwasrecordedbyAlTirmidhyontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)that "theProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtotrimthelengthandwidthofhisbeard" isfalse
accordingtothescholars,sinceitsIsnad(chainofnarration)includesÙmaribnHarunAlBalkhywho
isaccusedoflyingaccordingtomostofthegreatscholarsofHadithasmentionedbyAlHafiz
IbnHajar
inhisbooks"TahdhibAlTahdhib"and"TaqribAlTahdhib".ThisisalsomentionedbyAlDhahaby
in"AlMizan."
ThegreatscholarShaykhÀbdulRahmanIbnQasimAlÀsy(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)wrotea
bookaboutthisissue,attachedaretwocopiesthereof.Ihopethatthisbookandwhatwe
mentionedaresufficient.
MayAllahgrantyou,allourbrothers,anduscomprehensionofHisReligion,helpussticktoit,
andprotectusallfrommisleadingFitnahs(temptation)!Verily,AllahisAllHearer,EverNear!
PresidentoftheIslamicUniversityinAlMadinahAlMunawwarah
www.ircpk.com

Rulingonshavingthehairofthecheeksandleavingthechin
Whatistherulingonshavingthehairofthecheekandlettingthehairofthechingrow?
A:Accordingtolinguists,thebeardisdefinedasthehairthatgrowsonthecheeksandchin.
Therefore,itisimpermissibleforaMuslimtoremovethehairofhischeeks.Rather,heshould
letitgrowalongwiththebeard,sincetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythe
mustacheandletthebeardgrow,bedifferentfromtheMushriks(thoseassociatingothersinworshipwithAllah). (Agreedupon
byAlBukhariandMuslim).He(peacebeuponhim)hadalsosaid: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthen
thebeard!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks. RelatedbyAlBukhari(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)in
hisSahih.
IbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)said, TheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)orderedustotrimthe
mustachecloselyandletthebeardgrow (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim).
ImamMuslimalsorelatedintheSahih(authenticbookofHadith)ontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeupon)said: Trimcloselythemustacheand
letthebeardgrow!BeDistinguishedfromthemagi.
Therefore,thebelieversshouldletthebeardgrowandhavethemustachecut,asordainedby
ProphetMuhammad(peacebeuponhim).Thisacthasagreatdealofgoodanditisarevival
oftheSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)andpatterningaftertheProphet
(peacebeuponhim).ItalsoincludestheabandonmentofresemblingtheMushriksand
women.
Therefore,abelievershouldnotbedeceivedbythosewhoshavetheirbeards,nomatterhow
manytheymaybe.Heshouldnotimitatethem,sincetheycontradictthepurifiedShar`
(Islamiclaw)andtheorderoftheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)whomAllahhadsentasa
guide,abearerofgladtidings,andawarnerrespectingwhomAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)says: AndwhatsoevertheMessenger(Muhammad)givesyou,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbidsyou,
abstain(fromit). Healsosays, AndletthosewhoopposetheMessengers(Muhammad)commandment
(i.e.hisSunnahlegalways,orders,actsofworship,statements)(amongthesects)beware,lestsomeFitnah(disbelief,trials,
afflictions,earthquakes,killing,overpoweredbyatyrant)shouldbefallthemorapainfultormentbeinflictedonthem. Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)alsosays: andwhosoeverobeysAllhandHisMessenger(Muhammad
)willbeadmittedtoGardensunderwhichriversflow(inParadise),toabidetherein,andthatwillbethegreatsuccess. And
whosoeverdisobeysAllhandHisMessenger(Muhammad),andtransgressesHislimits,Hewillcasthimintothe
Fire,toabidethereinandheshallhaveadisgracefultorment. TherearemanyAyahsinwhichAllah(Glorified
beHe)urgespeopletoobeyHimandHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim)andwarnsagainst
doingthecontrary.
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Rulingonlettingthebeardgrow
PraisebetoAllahalone.MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,his
family,andCompanions!
Toproceed,
SomeMuslimbrothersaskedmethefollowingquestions:
1Islettingthebeardgrowobligatoryormerelypermissible?
2Isitasinorjustmisconducttoshaveone'sbeard?
3Isitpermissibletoshaveoffthebeardandletmustachegrow?
Followingistheanswerofthesequestions:ItisauthenticallyreportedbyAlBukhariand
MuslimintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadithontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithbothofthem)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Trimthemustachesandletthe
beardgrow!Bedistinguishedfromtheunbelievers! Moreover,itisrelatedbyMusliminhisSahihonthe
authorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
said: Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Actagainstthemagi! Furthermore,AlNasa'yrelatedinhis
SunanthroughanauthenticchainofnarratorsontheauthorityofZaydIbnArqam(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whoeverdoesnottrimhismustacheisnot
oneofus. ThegreatandwellknownHadithscholarAbuMuhammadIbnHazmsaid,"Scholarsare
unanimouslyinagreementthatitisobligatorytotrimthemustachesandgrowbeards."End
quote.
TherearemanyotherHadithsandscholarlydiscussionsinthisregardi.e.trimmingmustaches
andlettingthebeardgrowtall.Theyaretoolengthytobequotedinthisbriefnote.
TheanswersofthethreequestionsareevidentfromtheabovementionedHadithsandthe
juristicagreementcitedbyIbnHazm.Inbrief,growingbeardsisobligatoryandshouldnotbe
abandonedastheProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderedustodosowhichindicatesobligation.
Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: AndwhatsoevertheMessenger(Muhammad)gives
you,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbidsyou,abstain(fromit). Thesameisequallyappliedtotrimming
mustaches.However,trimmingitcloselyisbetter.Anyway,itisbynomeanspermissibletolet
itgrowtoomuch.Actually,thisrunscountertotheProphet's(peacebeuponhim)commands:
Trimthemustache, , Trimcloselythemustache, , Trimentirelythemustache, and Whoeverdoesnottrimhismustacheisnot
oneofus. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)isauthenticallyreportedtohavesaidallthesefour
narrationsoftheHadith.Thelastnarrationstating: Whoeverdoesnottrimhismustacheisnotoneofus.
Thereisaseverethreatandstrictwarning,whichrequiresaMuslimtobeonhisguard
againstdoingthatwhichAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim)
prohibitedandtoproceedtodothatwhichAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebe
uponhim)commanded.
Itisalsoinferredthatlettingthemustachegrowtoolongisasinanddisobedience.Likewise,
shavingoffandcuttingbeardsshortisasinanddisobediencehavingtheeffectofdecreasing
andweakeningone'sfaith.Moreover,itislikelytoincur
Allah'swrathandpunishment.
Moreover,theabovequotedHadithsindicatethatlettingmustachesgrowandtrimming
beardsfallunderactinglikethemagianddisbelieverswhenitiswellknownthatactinglike
themisimpermissible.Tothiseffect,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Hewhocopiesany
peopleisoneofthem.
Ihopethatmyanswerbeasufficientandconvincing.
MayAllahgrantussuccess!MayPeaceandBlessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,his
family,andCompanions!
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Theobligationoflettingthebeardgrow
Q:AquestionerfromtheKingdomofMoroccosays:Islettingthebeardgrowanecessary
characterthatshouldbeobservedbyaMuslim?
A : ItisobligatoryuponaMuslimtoletthebeardgrowwithoutcuttingitasawayofobeying
thecommandmentofthemasteroftheearlierandthelaterpeoples,ProphetMuhammadibn
Àbdullah,theMessengeroftheLordoftheWorlds.MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeupon
him.ThisisbecauseHe(peacebeuponhim)said, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Be
distinguishedfromtheunbelievers! (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim)ThisHadithwas
narratedontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth).Moreover,he
(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemustacheandgrowthebeard!Actagainstthemagi! Narratedby
MusliminhisSahihfromtheHadithofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).
ItiswellknownthatonecanonlyattainallgoodinthislifeandintheHereafterthrough
obeyingandfollowingtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)andthatallevilliesin
disobeyingAllahandHisMessengerandfollowingdesiresandShaytan(Satan).Allah(Exalted
beHe)says: Say(OMuhammadtomankind):"Ifyou(really)loveAllhthenfollowme(i.e.acceptIslmic
Monotheism,followtheQurnandtheSunnah),Allhwillloveyouandforgiveyouyoursins. Allahalsosays, Thenforhim
whotransgressedallbounds,(indisbelief,oppressionandevildeedsofdisobediencetoAllh). Andpreferredthelifeofthisworld
(byfollowinghisevildesiresandlusts), Verily,hisabodewillbeHellfire ButasforhimwhofearedstandingbeforehisLord,
Allah(mayHebePraised)
andrestrainedhimselffromimpureevildesiresandlusts. Verily,Paradisewillbehisabode.
condemnedthepolytheistsforfollowingtheirassumptionsanddesires.Thus,Allah(Glorified
andExaltedbeHe)saysinSurahAlNajm: Theyfollowbutaguessandthatwhichtheythemselvesdesire,whereas
therehassurelycometothemtheGuidancefromtheirLord! TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Myentire
UmmahwillenterParadiseexceptforhimwhorefuses,thenitwassaid:OMessengerofAllah,whowillrefuse?Hesaid,"Whoever
obeysmewillenterParadiseandwhoeverdisobeysmeistheonewhorefuses" NarratedbyAlBukhariinhisSahih.
TherearemanyAyahsandHadithsonthecommandofobeyingAllahandHisMessengerand
forbiddingdisobeyingAllahandHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim).
MayAllahguideallMuslimstoobeytheirLord,worshipHimAlone,andbedevotedtoHimand
followHisMessengerMuhammad(peacebeuponhim)andholdfasttowhattheProphet
brought,HeisAllHearer,EverNear.
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Animportantansweronshavingbeardsandothersins:Dotheyinvalidategooddeeds?
From ÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztohishonorablebrother,theeditorinchiefofArabNews
newspaper,
mayAllahgranthimsuccess!
uponyou!)
Ihavereadthetranslationofwhatwasmentionedinyournewspaper(p.7,issueofFriday,
24/2/1984)inthereligiousaffairssection,asananswertothefollowingquestionsenttoyou
byS.R.K.fromJeddah.
Thequestionwasasfollows:Whatistherulingonshavingthebeardandmustache?Istherea
specificpunishmentafterdeathforthosewhoshavetheirbeards?Doesshavingthebeard
invalidatethegooddeedsandtherewardofÌbadah(worship)?
Isawthattheanswerofthenewspaperwasinsufficient.
Thecorrectansweristosaythatgrowingthebeardandtrimmingthemustacheisobligated
bytheLawGiver(theProphet).Itwasauthenticallyreportedthathe(peacebeuponhim)
said, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriksi.epolytheists. (Agreeduponby
ImamsAlBukhariandMuslim).ItisalsorelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)Bookof
Hadith,ontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheMessengerof
Allah(peacebeuponhim)said, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Bedistinguishedfromthemagi.
ThesetwoSahihHadithsandothersthathavethesamemeaningindicatetheobligationof
lettingthebeardgrowwithoutevercuttingitandtrimmingthemustache.Nopunishmentwas
mentionedforthiscase.However,aMuslimshouldobeytheordersofAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)
andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim),andavoidwhattheyprohibitevenifnoparticular
punishmentisspecified.
Itispermissiblefortherulertopunishthosewhoviolatethecommandsandprohibitions
throughthesuitabledeterringpunishmentthathemightseeprovidedthatitislessthanthe
punishmentofHudud(ordainedpunishmentforviolatingAllahsLaw)inordertodeterpeople
fromcommittingthethingsprohibitedbyAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andtransgressingHislimits.
ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheRightlyGuidedCaliphÙthmanibnÀffan(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)said,"Allahfulfillsthroughtherulerswhatmightnotbefulfilledthrough
theQur'an."
ThosewhodieinthisstatearelefttoAllah'swill,liketherestofthesins.Hemightforgive
themifHewantsandHemightpunishthemwithwhatservesthemrightfortheirsins,ifhe
wants.Thosesinsincludeshavingthebeardandlettingthemustachegrow.Allah(Exaltedbe
He)says, Verily,AllhforgivesnotthatpartnersshouldbesetupwithHim(inworship),butHeforgivesexceptthat(anything
else)towhomHewills ThisNobleAyah(Qur'anicverse)indicatesthatallsinslessthanShirk
(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)arelefttoAllah'swill,whichisthe
opinionofAhlu lSunnahwalJamaàh(thoseadheringtotheSunnahandtheMuslimmain
body),unlikethatofKhawarij(separatistgroupthatbelievescommittingamajorsinamountstodisbelief),Mu`tazilah(a
deviantIslamicsectclaimingthatthosewhocommitmajorsinsareinastatebetweenbeliefanddisbelief)andthelikepeople
ofBida`(innovationsinreligion)whofollowedthem.
Thus,itisdeducedthatshavingthebeard,lettingthemustachegrowandothersinslessthan
Shirkdonotinvalidaterighteousdeedsortheirreward.
However,theydecreaseandweakenone'sIman(Faith).Deedsareonlyinvalidatedthrough
ShirkandmajorKufr(disbelief),notsins.ThisisaccordingtoAllah'ssaying(ExaltedbeHe),
ButiftheyhadjoinedinworshipotherswithAllh,allthattheyusedtodowouldhavebeenofnobenefittothem. He(Glorified
andExaltedbeHe)alsosays, Andindeedithasbeenrevealedtoyou(OMuhammad),asitwasto
those(AllhsMessengers)beforeyou:"IfyoujoinothersinworshipwithAllh,(then)surely(all)yourdeedswillbeinvain,andyou
willcertainlybeamongthelosers." TherearemanyAyahsthatstressthesamemeaning.
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MayAllahguideeveryoneandgrantthemsuccess!MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeupon
ourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyandCompanions!
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Forcingstudentsofmilitaryacademiestoshavetheirbeards
Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!)
Dearbrother,Ihavereceivedyourletterdated9/10/1988.MayAllahincreaseyouin
guidance!YourletterstatesthatyouhavejoinedtheArabAcademyforScienceand
TechnologyandMaritimeTransportintheArabRepublicofEgyptwheretheadministrationof
theacademyforcesstudentstoshavetheirbeards.Youaskforadviceandguidanceinthis
regard.
Thus,Iwanttothankyouforyourconcerntoaskaboutwhatisimportantforyourfaith.Iask
AllahtograntmeandyoutheproperunderstandingofHisReligionandhelpusadheretoit.
A:IwouldliketoinformyouthatitisauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(may
peacebeuponhim)said, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriksi.e.the
polytheists. [AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim,
ontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)]ItisalsoreportedinSahih
(authentic)BookofHadithofMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
him)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Be
distinguishedfromthemagi.
Thus,Iadviseyoutoleavethisacademyandmovetoanotheroneifyouareforcedtoshave
yourbeard.AllahwillmakeawayforyoubecauseAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)states, Andwhosoever
fearsAllhandkeepshisdutytoHim,Hewillmakeawayforhimtogetout(fromeverydifficulty). AndHewillprovidehimfrom
(sources)henevercouldimagine.AndwhosoeverputshistrustinAllh,thenHewillsufficehim.
Youshouldadheretopietyandrepentofhavingshavedyourbeardinthepastandshouldnot
repeatthisagain.Whosoeverrepents,Allahwillaccepthisrepentance.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)
states, Andverily,Iamindeedforgivingtohimwhorepents,believes(inMyOneness,andassociatesnoneinworshipwithMe)
anddoesrighteousgooddeeds,andthenremainsconstantindoingthem,(tillhisdeath).
WealsoadviseyoutojoinoneoftheSaudiuniversitiesliketheIslamicUniversityinAlMadinahAl
MunawwarahortheUniversityofKingÀbdulÀzizinJaddahorUmAlQuraUniversityinMakkahorany
otheruniversityintheK.S.A.
Iamreadytohelpyouinthisissueifyouwritetomeinthisregardandattachacopyofyour
qualificationsandarecommendationfromhisexcellencetheChairmanofAnsarAlSunnahAl
MuhammadiyyahGroupinCairo,ShaykhMuhammadÀliÀbdulRahim
Inconclusion,IaskAllahtograntsuccesstome,you,andallMuslimsandtoguideustowhat
pleasesHim,tomaketheconclusionofouraffairsgood,andtoblessuswithgoodintention
anddeeds.Verily,He(mayHebePraised)isthebesttobeasked.
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RulingonasoldiershavinghisbeardIssmokingsimilarinrulingtoshavingthebeard
ThisletterisfromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahBinBaztothehonorablebrother,
mayAllahguidehim,Amen.
uponyou!)
Ihavereceivedyourletter(mayAllahguideyou)dated4/8/1395A.H.andfollowingarethe
questionsandmyanswers:
First:Whatistherulingonasoldiershavinghisbeardwhencommanded?Whatistheruling
onsomeonewhocallstheonewhoshaveshisbeardeffeminate?
A : Itisnotpermissibletoshavethebeardortrimit,fortheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
said, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllah
inHisDivinityorworship)." He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Be
distinguishedfromthemagi. Moreover,itisthedutyofaMuslimtoobeytheMessengerofAllah
(peacebeuponhim)ineverymatter.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Oyouwhobelieve!ObeyAllhand
obeytheMessenger(Muhammad),andthoseofyou(Muslims)whoareinauthority. Thoseinauthority
refertorulersandMuslimscholarswhomustbeobeyedunlesstheircommandcontradicts
Shariàh(Islamiclaw).Inthiscase,itisnotobligatorytoobeythem.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Truly,obedienceisonlyinwhatisgood." Further,he(peacebe

uponhim)said, "ThereisnoobediencetoacreatureinmattersrelatedtodisobediencetotheCreator." Allpraisebeto
Allah,ourgovernmentdoesnotcommandasoldieroranyonetoshavetheirbeard,thismay
betheorderofsomeofficials.Theyarenottobeobeyedinthisregardandtheyshouldbe
addressedpolitelyuntiltheyunderstandthatobeyingAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andHis
Messenger(peacebeuponhim)takesprecedenceoverobeyinganyoneelse.
AsforpreacherswhoclaimthataMuslimwhoshaveshisbeardiseffeminate,thisisthe
opinionofsomelatterscholars.Effeminatereferstosomeoneactinglikewomenanditdoes
notmeanheishomosexual,assomepeoplemaythink.Preachersandotherpeopleshould
avoidusingthisambiguoustermandiftheyaretouseit,theyshouldclarifyitsmeaningto
peopletoavoidanymisunderstanding.Moreover,preachingaimsatguidingpeopleand
directingthemtogoodnessandnottorepellingandenragingthem.
Second:Whatistherulingonsmoking?Isitsimilarinrulingtoshavingthebeard?
A:Smokingisaprohibitedact,sinceitisamongtheevilsthatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)hasmade
unlawfulandduetoitsnumerousharms.AllahprohibitssmokingwhenHe(ExaltedbeHe)
says: Theyaskyou(OMuhammad)whatislawfulforthem(asfood).Say:"LawfuluntoyouareAtTayyibt
[allkindofHall(lawfulgood)foodswhichAllhhasmadelawful(meatofslaughteredeatableanimals,milkproducts,fats,
vegetablesandfruits)]. He(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)saysaboutProphetMuhammad(peacebe
uponhim): heallowsthemaslawfulAtTayyibt(i.e.allgoodandlawfulasregardsthings,deeds,beliefs,persons,foods),and
prohibitsthemasunlawfulAlKhabith(i.e.allevilandunlawfulasregardsthings,deeds,beliefs,personsandfoods)
MuslimscholarshaveinterpretedAlTayyibatasallusefulandnourishingfoodsanddrinks
thatdonotcauseanyharm.Tobaccodoesnotfitthisdescription,onthecontrary,itisharmful
andevil.Smokingismoreharmfulthanshavingthebeardinsomeaspectswhileshavingthe
beardismoreharmfulinotheraspects.Asforshavingthebeard,itisanapparentactof
disobediencetoAllah.PeopleseethepersonwhoshaveshisbeardalthoughtheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)hascommandedthatitshouldbelettogrowfreelyandthatthe
mustacheshouldbetrimmed.
Ontheotherhand,apersonmaysmokeinprivateandnooneknowsaboutit,unlikeshaving
thebeard.Yet,smokingismoreharmfulforaMuslim'sphysicalandmentalhealth.Italso
wastesmoneycomparedtoshavingthebeard.Inaddition,smokingharmsotherswhoarenot
smokingandthus,harmingthesmokerandotherswhohavetoinhalethesmoke.
Ingeneral,bothsmokingandshavingthebeardareMunkar(unacceptableordisapprovedof
byIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)andcauseevilandcorruptiontothecommunity www.ircpk.com
inadditiontotheirclearcontradictiontoShariàh(Islamiclaw)andthewasteofmoney.
Moreover,thenewgenerationmaybebroughtuptofollowtheexampleofthosewhocommit
theseevils.Consequently,familymembersandneighborsmaydothismisdeed.
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Rulingonarmymenforcedtoshavetheirbeards
Q:IworkinthearmyandIamforcedtokeepmybeardshavedatalltimes.IsthisHaram
(prohibited)?
A : Itisnotpermissibletoshavethebeard,becausetheMessengerofAllah(peacebeupon
him)commandedmentoleaveitandletitgrowinmanyHadithSahih(authenticHadith).He
(peacebeuponhim)explainedthatbylettingitgrow,MuslimsaredifferingfromMagiand
Mushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship).Moreover,the
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)hadathickbeardanditisobligatoryforustoobeyhimsince
followinghisexampleinmoralsanddeedsisoneofthebestacts.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)
says: IndeedintheMessengerofAllh(Muhammad)youhaveagoodexampletofollow He(Glorified
andExaltedbeHe)alsosays: AndwhatsoevertheMessenger(Muhammad)givesyou,takeitand
whatsoeverheforbidsyou,abstain(fromit). Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: AndletthosewhoopposetheMessengers
(Muhammad ) commandment(i.e.hisSunnahlegalways,orders,actsofworship,statements)(amongthe
sects)beware,lestsomeFitnah(disbelief,trials,afflictions,earthquakes,killing,overpoweredbyatyrant)shouldbefallthemora
painfultormentbeinflictedonthem.
Asforsmokingandwhetheritissimilarinrulingtoshavingthebeard,theProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said, "Anyonewhoimitatesapeopleisoneofthem." So,ifyouhavetoshaveyourbeardinyour
currentjob,donotcomply.TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said, "Thereisnoobedience
toacreatureinmattersrelatedtodisobediencetotheCreator." However,ifyouareforcedtoshaveyourbeard,
quitthisjobwhichforcesyoutodosomethingthatdispleasesAllah.AllpraisebetoAllah,
therearemanywaystoearnaliving.Indeed,anyonewhoabandonssomethingfortheSake
ofAllah,Allahwillcompensatethemwithsomethingbetter.MayAllahgrantyousuccess,
makethingseasyforyou,andletusandyoubesteadfastonHisreligion!
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Theobligationoflettingthebeardgrowandtheprohibitionofcuttingorshorteningit
AllpraisebetoAllahAlone.MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponHisMessenger,his
family,Companions,andallthosewhofollowhisguidance!
Tocommence:
A lMadinahnewspaperpublishedanarticlein24/01/1415A.H.byShaykhMuhammadibnÀliAl
Sabuny(mayAllahforgiveusandhim)wheretheShaykhsaid:
Concerningman'sshapeandappearance,apersonshouldcombhishair,trimhisnails,and
lookafterhisbeardbynotleavingitdisheveledanddisarranged.Apersonshouldnotthus
leavehisbeardtogetsolonginawaythatfrightenschildrenandscaresmenfor
exaggerationalwaysbringsbadresults.SomeyoungmenthinkthatitisHaram(prohibited)
tomendthebeardevenbyshorteningitalittle.Theythusleavetheirbeardsuntiltheyare
abouttoreachtheirnavelsandtheylooklikethepeopleofthecave: Hadyoulookedatthem,you
wouldcertainlyhaveturnedbackfromtheminflight,andwouldcertainlyhavebeenfilledwithaweofthem. TheShaykhthen
quotedsomenarrationsfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andIbnÙmar(mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththemboth).
SincetheforegoingstatementopposestheauthenticSunnah(whateverisreportedfromthe
Prophet)asitpermitsshorteningthebeard,IthinkIhavetodrawpeople'sattentiontothe
bigmistakesthattheShaykh(mayAllahgranthimsuccess)madeinhisessay.Infact,what
hasbeenquotedabovecontradictstheSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)
explicitly,foritisauthenticallyreportedontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleased
withthemboth)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeard
grow.
(RelatedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)andsome
otherBooksofHadith).AnotherwordingforthesameHadithis: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthen
thebeard!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship). Accordingto
anothernarrationthatisrelatedbyMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleased
withhim),theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthenthebeard!Be
distinguishedfromthemagi.
AlltheforegoingHadithcommandMuslimmalesclearlytoletthebeardgrow,lengthen,and
loosenittobecontradictorytotheMushriksandtheMagi.Sincetheimperativemood
originallyconveysobligation,itisimpermissibletoviolatesuchobligationunlessthereisa
proofallowingso.However,thereisnoproofforthepermissibilityofcutting,trimming,or
shorteningthebeard.Ontheotherhand,Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Andwhatsoever
theMessenger(Muhammad ) givesyou,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbidsyou,abstain(fromit). Allah
(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosays: Say:"ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger,butifyouturnaway,he(MessengerMuhammad
)isonlyresponsibleforthedutyplacedonhim(i.e.toconveyAllhsMessage)andyouforthatplacedonyou.If
youobeyhim,youshallbeontherightguidance.TheMessengersdutyisonlytoconvey(themessage)inaclearway(i.e.topreach
inaplainway)." Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)alsosays: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgive
ZaktandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad)thatyoumayreceivemercy(fromAllh). Therearemany
otherAyahs(Qur'anicverses)andHadithstothesameeffect.
Inaddition,ProphetMuhammad(peacebeuponhim)said: MyentireUmmah(nation)willenterJannah
(Paradise)exceptthosewhorefuse,thenitwassaid:O'MessengerofAllah,whowillrefuse?Hesaid,'Whoeverobeysmewillenter
Jannah,andwhoeverdisobeysmeistheonewhorefuses.' (RelatedbyAlBukhariinhisSahihBookof
Hadith).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: WhatIhaveforbiddentoyou,avoiditandwhatIhave
orderedyou[todo],doasmuchofitasyoucan.Itwasonlytheirexcessivequestioningandtheirdisagreeingwiththeirprophets
thatdestroyedthosewhowerebeforeyou. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).TherearemanyotherHadithstothesame
effect.
ItisworthmentioningthatShaykhMuhammadAlSabunyquotedinsupportofhisviewaHadiththatisrelatedbyAlTirmidhyonthe
authorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)totheeffectthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim): wouldshortenhis
beardalittlelengthwiseandwidthwise. Nevertheless,thisHadithhasaweakSanad(chainofnarrators)anditisthusnotaSahih
Hadith.HadthisHadithbeenSahih,itwouldhavebeensufficientproofbutthisisnotthecase.TheconcernedHadithisnotSahih
becauseitsSanadincludesÙmaribnHarunAlBalkhywhoisMatruk(anarratorwhoseHadithtransmissionwasdiscardeddueto
unreliability).
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ShaykhAlSabunyalsosupportedhisviewbywhathementionedthatIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)usedtotrim
hisbeardinordertokeepitalwaysatafistsize.ItwassaidthatIbnÙmarusedtodosoduringHajj.However,thisisnotvalidproof
becauseitisconsideredanIjtihad(juristicefforttoinferexpertlegalrulings)exercisedbyIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem
both)andevidenceisinHadithwhicharenarratedbyhimbutnotinhisIjtihad.Moreover,leadingscholars(mayAllahbemercifulwith
themall)statedthatapropheticnarrationwhichisauthenticallynarratedbyanarratoramongsttheSahabah(Companionsofthe
Prophet)ortheTabiùn(Followers,thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet)isavalidproofthattakespriorityoverthe
opinionofthesameSahabi(CompanionoftheProphet)orTabi`y(apersonwhobelongstothegenerationaftertheCompanionsof
theProphet).IthushopethatShaykhMuhammad,thewriterofthisessay,willfearAllah(GlorifiedbeHe),repentofwhathewrote,
anddeclarethisopenlyinthesamenewspaperinwhichhereleasedtheconcernedessay.Accordingtopeopleofknowledge,
returningtothetruthisasignofnobility.Peoplehavetoreturntothetruthandthisisbetterforthemthanpersistinginerror.
Finally,IaskAllahtohelpusallincludingtheconcernedShaykhalongwithallMuslimstohavesoundunderstandingofDin(religion)
andIaskAllah(ExaltedbeHe)toprotectusallfromtheevilsofourownselvesandbaddeeds,andtosetrightourheartsand
actions.Verily,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)istheMostGenerous,theMostBountiful.MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphet
Muhammad,hisfamily,andCompanions!
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Theobligationoflettingthebeardgrowandtheprohibitionoftrimmingorshavingit
AllpraisebetoAllahAlone.PeaceandBlessingsbeupontheMessengerandServantofAllah,
ourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyandCompanions!
Ihavereceived
aquestionabouttherulingonshavingortrimmingthebeardandwhetheranyonewhoshaves
itbelievingitislawfulisaKafir(disbeliever)?DoestheHadithrelatedontheauthorityofIbn
Ùmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)supporttheobligationoflettingthebeardgrow
andprohibitionofshavingitorjustthedesirabilityoflettingitgrow?
A : ItisauthenticallyreportedfromIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)thatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow.BedistinguishedfromMushriks
(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)The
sameHadithwasrelatedbyAlBukhariinhisSahihbookofauthenticHadithwiththefollowing
wording, "Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthenthebeard!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks." Further,itisrelated
byMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)whonarratedthatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Trimcloselythemustacheandgrowthebeard.Bedistinguishedfromthemagi!
AlloftheseHadithsupporttheobligationoflettingthebeardgrowfreelyandtheprohibition
ofshavingortrimmingit.Thebasicruleisthattheimperativemood(do)conveysthereligious
obligationandtheimperativenegativemood(donotdo)conveystheprohibitionunlessthere
isevidencespecifyingotherwise,accordingtotheopinionofMuslimscholars.Allah(Glorified
beHe)says: AndwhatsoevertheMessenger(Muhammad)givesyou,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbids
you,abstain(fromit).AndfearAllhverily,AllhisSevereinpunishment. He(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)also
says: AndletthosewhoopposetheMessengers(Muhammad)commandment(i.e.hisSunnahlegalways,
orders,actsofworship,statements)(amongthesects)beware,lestsomeFitnah(disbelief,trials,afflictions,earthquakes,killing,
overpoweredbyatyrant)shouldbefallthemorapainfultormentbeinflictedonthem.
ImamAhmad(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)said,"FitnahheremeansShirk(associatingothers
withAllahinHisDivinityorworship)."IfaMuslimturnsdownsomeoftheProphet's
commands,theymaydeviatefromtheTruthandperish.ThereisnoevidenceintheQur'anor
Sunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)whichdenotesthatthecommandinthese
HadithmeansitisMustahab(desirable).
ThereisaHadithrelatedinAlTirmidhyontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleased
withhim)whonarratedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) "usedtotrimhisbeardlengthwiseand
widthwise." AccordingtoMuslimscholars,thisisafabricatedHadith,sincetheSanad(chainof
narrators)hasamancalledÙmaribnHarunAlBulkhywhoisaccusedoflying.Heistheonlynarrator
ofthisaccountwhichcontradictsallHadithSahih(authenticHadith).Thus,itisconcludedthat
itisafabricatedHadiththatcannotbetakenasevidencetocontradictauthenticaccounts.It
isAllahAloneWhosehelpcanbesought.
Thereisnodoubtthatshavingthebeardisagreatersin,asitisacompleteremovalofitand
agraveevilthatinvolvesactinglikewomen.Asfortrimmingorshorteningthebeard,itisan
evilthatcontradictsHadithSahihbutitislessinsinthanshavingit.AMuslimwhotrimshis
beardisdisobedientandnotaKafir,evenifhebelievesitislawfulbasedona
misunderstandingorduetoimitatingsomescholars.
Anyonewhodoessoshouldbeadvisedandwarnedagainstthisevil,sincethereare
differencesamongscholarsastotheobligationoflettingthebeardgrowandthe
permissibilityoftrimmingit.
However,Idonotknowofanyscholarwhosupportsthepermissibilityofshavingthebeard.
Butthisdoesnotmeanthatanyonewhobelievesitispermissible,duetotheirignoranceor
imitationtoothers,isaKafir.ThisisapartfromtheprohibitedmatterswhichareMa`lum
minaddinbiddarurah(wellestablishedreligious)thathaveclearevidence.Deemingthese
matterstobelawfulisamajorKufr(disbelief)foranyonewholivesamongMuslims,while
anyonewholivesamongKafirsorinthedesertawayfromMuslimscholars,suchmattersand
theirevidenceshouldbeexplainedtothem.Iftheyinsistondeemingittobelawful,theyare
consideredKafirs.
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Forexample,committingZina(premaritalsexualintercourseand/oradultery),consuming
Khamr(intoxicant),eatingporkandthelikeoftheseactsknowntobeprohibitedandthe
evidencesupportingtheirprohibitionareclearintheQur'anandSunnah.Thus,claimingtobe
ignorantoftheirrulingisnotacceptable,especiallywhenitisimpossibleforsuchpersontobe
ignorantoftheirruling,asexplainedabove.
IaskAllahtoguideusalltobeneficialknowledgeandrighteousdeedsandtograntusthe
understandingofreligionandholdingfasttoit.IseekAllah'sRefugefrommisleadingtrials,
forHeisAllHearingandEverNear.Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(May
Allah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
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Isitpermissibletoshortenthebeardorshoulditbegrown?
Q:Iletmybeardgrow,praisebetoAllah,andwheneverImeetoneofmyfamilyorrelatives,
theyspeakagainstmybeardandinsultmeusingoffensivewords.Theyevenaskmetotrimit
butIinsistonlettingitgrow.IsitpermissibleformetotrimitorshouldIletitgrowpaying
noattentiontowords?
A : Itisobligatoryuponyoutoletitgrowandbecomethickoutofobediencetothecommand
oftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)payingnoattentiontowhatevertheysay.
Rather,youshouldrejectthisandremindthemofAllah,tellthemthatthisisimpermissible
andthatthey,bytheirbehavior,supportSatanandfollowsthesatanicwayastheycallto
disobeyingAllah.MayAllahsaveusfromthat.Overandabove,theMessenger(peacebeupon
him)said: Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateothersin
worshipwithAllah). Healsosaid: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthenthebeard!Bedistinguishedfromthemagi. And
Keepthebeardsthick Hence,itisobligatorytogrowandlengthenitanddisobeywhoevercallsfor
shavingortrimmingit.WeaskAllahtograntussafety.
ThisverilyconfirmstheHadith: Attheendoftime,therewillbedevils(i.e.evilpeople)whowillinvitepeopletodisobey
AllahandviolateHisprohibitions. Itisalsoreportedin theHadithnarratedbyHudhayfah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
whichisagreeduponbyImams(AlBukhariandMuslim)thatwhentheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)wasaskedaboutevil
thatwillbefallafterhisdeath,he(peacebeuponhim)toldhimthattherewillbeDu'ah(callerstoIslam)standingatthegatesofthe
Hellfire(i.e.leadingpeopletohellfire)andwhoeverrespondstotheircall,willbethrownbythemintoit."Isaid,"OMessengerof
Allah!Describethemtous".Hesaid:"Theywillbefromourpeopleandspeakourlanguage." WeaskAllahtograntussoundness
andsafety.Suchpeopleandtheirlikeswhoarementionedbythequestionerareofthesamecategory.Accordingly,weshouldguard
ourselvesagainstthemandtheircallwhichcontradictsthepurifiedShariàh.
AllahistheOnlyOnewhoseHelpissought.MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamily,andCompanions!
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TherulingonlettingthebeardgrowinIslam
Q:Ihavenoticedthattherearedifferentopinionsongrowingthebeard.Accordingly,which
wayofgrowingthebeardsconformstotheShariàh(Islamiclaw)andthewayoftheSalaf
(righteouspredecessors)?
A : ItisauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid
Trimcloselythemustacheandgrowthebeard!BedistinguishedfromtheMushrik(thoseassociatingothersinworshipwithAllah).
RelatedbyImamAlBukhariandImamMuslimintheirSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith.It
isalsorelatedbytheotherImams(mayAllahbemercifultothem),forthisisaSahihHadith
thatwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)accordingto
scholars.Itmeansthatabelievershouldtrimhismustache,lethisbeardgrow,anddonot
sniporshortenit.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthenthebeard!Bedistinguished
fromtheMushriks. RelatedbyImamAlBukhariinhisSahih(mayAllahbemercifultohim).Itis
alsonarratedbyAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrowtall!Bedistinguishedfromthemagi. RelatedbyImam
MusliminhisSahih.
AlltheseHadithsandothersmentionedtothesameeffectindicatethatMuslimsshouldtrim
themustachesandletthebeardsgrow.
Consequently,MuslimsshouldobeyAllahandHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim).Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Say:"ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger,butifyouturnaway,he(Messenger
Muhammad ) isonlyresponsibleforthedutyplacedonhim(i.e.toconveyAllhsMessage)andyouforthat
placedonyou.Ifyouobeyhim,youshallbeontherightguidance.TheMessengersdutyisonlytoconvey(themessage)inaclear
way(i.e.topreachinaplainway)." He(ExaltedbeHe)alsosays: HewhoobeystheMessenger(Muhammad
),hasindeedobeyedAllh,buthewhoturnsaway,thenwehavenotsentyou(OMuhammad)asa
watcheroverthem. Moreover,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: MyentireUmmahwillenterJannah
(Paradise)exceptforhimwhorefuses.Itwassaid:OMessengerofAllah,whorefuses?Hesaid:Whoeverobeysmewillenter
Jannahandwhoeverdisobeysmeistheonewhorefuses. RelatedbyImamAlBukhariinhisSahih.
Accordingly,weshouldobeyAllahandHisMessengerineverythingSalah(Prayer),Zakah
(obligatorycharity),Sawm(fast),Hajj,Jihad(fightingintheCauseofAllah),enjoinmentof
goodandforbiddanceof
evil,growingthebeards,trimmingthemustaches,avoidingIsbal(lengtheningandtrailing
clothingbelowtheankles)andallthatwhichtheMessengerofAllahcamewithoutof
obediencetotheordersandrefrainingfromtheprohibitions.ForthisisthewaytoJannahand
happiness.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Thesearethelimits(setby)Allh(orordainmentsasregardslawsof
inheritance),andwhosoeverobeysAllhandHisMessenger(Muhammad)willbeadmittedtoGardensunder
whichriversflow(inParadise),toabidetherein,andthatwillbethegreatsuccess. AndwhosoeverdisobeysAllhandHis
Messenger(Muhammad),andtransgressesHislimits,HewillcasthimintotheFire,toabidethereinandheshall
haveadisgracefultorment. He(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosays: Say(OMuhammad):"Omankind!
Verily,IamsenttoyouallastheMessengerofAllhtoWhombelongsthedominionoftheheavensandtheearth.LilhaillaHuwa
(nonehastherighttobeworshippedbutHe).ItisHeWhogiveslifeandcausesdeath.SobelieveinAllhandHisMessenger
(Muhammad),theProphetwhocanneitherreadnorwrite(i.e.Muhammad),whobelievesin
AllhandHisWords[(thisQurn),theTaurt(Torah)andtheInjeel(Gospel)andalsoAllhsWord:"Be!"andhewas,i.e.Is
(Jesus)sonofMaryam(Mary),],andfollowhimsothatyoumaybeguided."
Therefore,guidance,safety,andsuccessareallinfollowingtheProphet(peacebeuponhim),
obeyinghisorders,andavoidinghisprohibitions.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Say
(OMuhammadtomankind):"Ifyou(really)loveAllhthenfollowme(i.e.acceptIslmicMonotheism,followthe
QurnandtheSunnah),Allhwillloveyouandforgiveyouyoursins.
Thus,whoeverlovesAllahandHisMessengershouldfollowhim(peacebeuponhim).
FollowingthisGreatProphetandabidingbyhisteachingsistheonlywaytogainAllah'sLove
andForgiveness(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe),enterJannah,andbesavedfromNar(Hellfire).
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receivingwagesforshavingpeople'sbeardsisHaram
Q:Somehairdressersreceivewagesforshavingpeople'sbeards,whatistherulingonthis?
A : ShavingandtrimmingthebeardisHaram(prohibited).ItisaplainMunkar(thatwhichis
unacceptableordisapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)thataMuslim
hasneithertodo(forhimself)nortohelpotherstodo.Accordingly,receivingwagesfor
shavingortrimmingthebeardisalsoHaramandisregardedasillgottenmoney.Whoever
indulgesinsuchasinhastomakeTawbah(repentancetoAllah),giveupthisact,andbe
determinednottodoitagain.Ifthepersonwasawareoftheforegoingruling,hehastogive
inSadaqah(voluntarycharity)allthemoneythathegainedthroughshavingortrimming
people'sbeards.However,ifhewasignorantoftherulingthereisnoblameonhimregarding
whatheearnedinthepastbuthehastoavoiddoingthesameinthefutureforAllah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)saysregardingthosewhoeatupRiba(usury): Sowhosoeverreceives
anadmonitionfromhisLordandstopseatingRib(usury)shallnotbepunishedforthepasthiscaseisforAllh(tojudge)but
whoeverreturns[toRib(usury)],sucharethedwellersoftheFiretheywillabidetherein.
Moreover,itisrelatedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariand
Muslim)ontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)thattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemoustache,andletthebeardgrowtobecontradictorytotheMushriks(those
whoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship). ,andaccordingtoanothernarrationintheSahih
BookofHadithofAlBukhari,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemoustache,and
lengthenthebeardtobecontradictorytotheMushriks. ,anditisrelatedintheSahihBookofHadithof
MuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peace
beuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemoustache,andloosenthebeardtobecontradictorytotheMagi.
ItisthusWajib(obligatory)oneverymaleMuslimtoadheretoAllah'sCommandandlethis
beardgrowandlengthenit.Hehasalsototrimcloselythemoustache.Apersonshouldnotbe
misledbythehugenumbersofpeoplewhocontradictsuchCommandanddisobeytheirLord
villainously.
IaskAllahtoguideMuslimstoallthatpleasesHim,andtohelpthemtoobeyHimandHis
Messenger.IaskHim(ExaltedbeHe)tograntwhomeveropposesHisandHisProphet's
commandssincereTawbah,tohelpthemtohastentoobeyHimandactuponHisandHis
Prophet'scommands.Verily,AllahistheAllHearer,theEverNear.
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Therulingonshavingallor
partofthebeardanddyingitblack
Q:SomefellowMuslimstendtocompletelyshavetheirbeard.Othersleavesomehairatitstip
ordyeitblack.However,theyallclaimthatneithertheQur'annortheSunnah(whatever
reportedfromtheProphet)hasprohibitedshavingthebeardordyingitblack,andthatthis
hasnotbeenauthenticallyproven.Itshouldbeknownthatsomeamongstthemobserve
shavinganddyingfortheythinktheyarerightaccordingtotheirsayings.Wehopethatyour
Eminencewouldprovideuswithaconclusiveandsatisfactoryreplytothisissue.
Respectfullyyours,B.H.A,M.À.S,andÀ.S.M
A : waàlaykumassalamuwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,and
Blessingsbeuponyou!)
ItisauthenticallyreportedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariand
Muslim)fromtheHadithofibnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwithbothofthem)thattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimwellthemustacheandletthebeardgrow!BedifferentfromtheMushriks(those
associatingothersinworshipwithAllah). Accordingtoanothernarrationof AlBukhary: Trimwellthemustacheand
lengthenthebeard!BedifferentfromtheMushriks! Moreover,itisrelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic
bookofHadith)ontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimwellthemustacheandgrowthebeard.BedifferentfromtheMushriks(thoseassociating
othersinworshipwithAllah) MuslimalsorelatedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Changethe
whitenessofthehairandavoidtheblack(color). Furthermore,itisrelatedintheSunan(Hadith
compilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)ontheauthorityofIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithbothofthem)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Therewillbepeopleattheend
oftimewhowilldyetheirhairblacklikethecropsofpigeonstheywillnotevensmellthefragranceofJannah(Paradise). Related
b yAbuDawudandAlNasa'y.Thisimpliesaseverethreatindicatingthatthisactisoneofthemajor
sins.
MayAllahguardusagainstthecausesofHisWrathandprotectusfromfollowingSatanand
evillusts!
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Isitpermissibletoshavethebeardforfearofbadconsequences?
Q:Isitpermissibleforamantoshavehisbeardifitmayexposehimtotrial?
A : Thisisnotpermissible.Rather,heshouldfearAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andavoidwhatever
bringsaboutharm.Beardedmenarebeingsingledoutbecausetheyexceedproperlimitsand
showaggression.Noonewouldconfrontthesemen,iftheyweretofollowtheRightPath,
invitepeopletoAllahanddirectthemtorighteousness,fulfillingtheirdutiesandobserving
Salah(Prayer)withoutattackingothers.InEgyptandothercountries,theyonlyarrestthosewho
formadangerandathreattotheauthorities.
Itisobligatoryuponeachbelievertoavoidtrials.HeshouldfearAllah(ExaltedbeHe),lethis
beardgrow,observeSalah,andadvisehisfellowbrotherswithkindwordsandgoodmanners.
Heshouldnotattack,beat,insult,orcursepeople.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states,
Invite(mankind,OMuhammad)totheWayofyourLord(i.e.Islm)withwisdom(i.e.withtheDivineRevelation
andtheQurn)andfairpreaching,andarguewiththeminawaythatisbetter. Allah(ExaltedbeHe)alsosays: And
bytheMercyofAllh,youdealtwiththemgently.Andhadyoubeensevereandharshhearted,theywouldhavebrokenawayfrom
aboutyou WhenAllah(ExaltedbeHe)sentMusa(Moses)andHarun(Aaron)toPharaoh,Hetold
them: "Andspeaktohimmildly,perhapshemayacceptadmonitionorfear(Allh)." TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)stated: "Kindnessisnottobefound
inanythingbutitbeautifiesit,anditisnotwithdrawnfromanythingbutitdefectsit" Kindness,patience,andwisdommustprevail
especiallyinthesedaysapartfromviolence.
ThisisbecausemostpeopleareignorantandpreferthislifetotheHereafter.Thus,patienceandkindnessarenecessaryuntilthe
messagereachesthem.
MayAllahguideusall!
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Rulingonshavingthebeardforpoliticalreasons
Q:Amanshavedhisbeardduetopoliticalcircumstances.WhenIaskedhimwhy?Hereplied
thathecouldnotworkasaDa`y(callertoIslam)atthecurrenttimeandplaceexceptby
beingcleanshavenisheexcusedforthis?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforaMuslimtoshavehisbeardforpoliticalreasonsorinordertobe
abletoworkinDa`wah(callingtoIslam).Hemustletitgrow,actingupontheorderofthe
Messenger(peacebeuponhim)inmanyoftheSahih(authentic)Hadiths,includinghis
statement: "TrimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrowtobecontrarytotheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswith
AllahinHisDivinityorworship)." (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim)
IfhecannotworkasaDa`yexceptbyshaving,heshouldmovetoanothercountrywherehe
cancalltoIslamwithouthavingtoshavehisbeard.Ifhehasknowledgeandinsightandacts
upontherelatedShariàh(Islamiclaw)evidences,suchasHisstatement: Invite(mankind,O
Muhammad)totheWayofyourLord(i.e.Islm)withwisdom(i.e.withtheDivineRevelationandtheQurn)and
fairpreaching,andarguewiththeminawaythatisbetter. He(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Say(OMuhammad
):"ThisismywayIinviteuntoAllh(i.e.totheOnenessofAllhIslmicMonotheism)withsureknowledge,Iandwhosoever
followsme(alsomustinviteotherstoAllhi.e.totheOnenessofAllhIslmicMonotheismwithsureknowledge).
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Anyonewhoguidestogoodwillhavearewardlikethatoftheonewho
doesit. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)He(peacebeuponhim)
alsosaidtoÀliibnAbuTalib(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)whenhesenthimtoKhaybartocallthe
J e w s toIslam: InvitethemtoIslamandinformthemofwhatisobligatoryonthemfromtheRightsofAllah,for,byAllah,ifAllah
guidesevenonepersonthroughyou,thatisbetterforyouthanpossessingtheredcamels". (AgreeduponbyImamsAl
BukhariandMuslim)
TheAyahs(Qur'anicverses)andHadithsontheobligationofcallingtoAllahanditsmeritsare
somany.Peopleareindireneedofit,foritisthemeanstoenlightenthemabouttheirfaith
andguidethemtothemeansofsalvation.Suchwasthemissionofallmessengers(peacebe
uponthem)andtheirfollowersinrighteousness.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Rulingonobeyingparentsinshavingthebeard
FromÀbdulÀzizBinÀbdullahIbnBaztoourdearbrotherM.G.B.MayAllahgranthimsuccess!As
salamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!)
Ihavereadyourletterwhichincludestwoquestions.
First:therulingonshavingthebeardtoobeyyourfather.Inreplytoyourfirstquestion,
itisnotpermissibleforyoutoshaveyourbeardtoobeyyourfather.Rather,youshouldletit
grow,actinguponthestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Trimcloselythemustacheandlet
thebeardgrow!BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship). He(peace
beuponhim)alsostated: Submissionisobligatoryonlyinwhatisgood(andreasonable).
LettingthebeardgrowisWajib(obligatory)andnotSunnah(supererogatoryactofworship
followingtheexampleoftheProphet)accordingtotheterminologyofFiqh(Islamic
jurisprudence),fortheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)orderedthisandthebasicruling
concerninganorderisthatitnecessitatesobligationwhenthereisnoreliableevidencethat
changestheruling.
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Rulingonbeardgrowing
F r o mÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztoourhonorablebrother,mayAllahguidehimtowhatpleasesHim,
increasehisknowledgeandIman(faith),andblesshimwhereverheis.Amen!
Ihopethatyouandyourchildrenareinastateofgoodness,andmayAllahbestowuponyoufromHis
BountyandguideustoHisthankfulness.Indeed,HeisthebestOnetobesoughtforhelp.
Yourrepresentativetoldmethatyouwouldlikemetowritetoyouabouttheissueofgrowingthebeard.
Accordingly,youshouldknowthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)andtheSahabah
(CompanionsoftheProphet)lettheirbeardgrowlongandthick.ItisreportedintheTwoSahihBooksof
Hadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimthemoustacheandletthe
beardgrowtodifferfromtheMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship). ItisalsorelatedbyAl
BukhariinhisSahihBookofHadithontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)that
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: KeepthebeardsandcutthemoustachesshortbedistinguishedfromtheMushriks.
Moreover,itisrelatedinSahihMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Trimcloselythemoustache,growthebeard,andbedifferentfromtheMagian. .
TheseHadithSahih(authenticHadith)andotherswiththesamemeaningprovetheobligationthatmen
shouldlettheirbeardsgrowlongandtheprohibitionofshavingortrimmingthem.
Youshouldalsoknow,mayAllahprotectyou,thattheMuslimwhereverheisandregardlessofhisstatus,is
obligedtoobeythecommandoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim),forAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Hewho
obeystheMessenger(Muhammad ) , hasindeedobeyedAllh And: AndwhatsoevertheMessenger
(Muhammad)givesyou,takeitandwhatsoeverheforbidsyou,abstain(fromit).AndfearAllhverily,Allhis
Severeinpunishment. And: Say:"ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger,butifyouturnaway,he(MessengerMuhammad
)isonlyresponsibleforthedutyplacedonhim(i.e.toconveyAllhsMessage)andyouforthatplacedonyou.Ifyouobey
him,youshallbeontherightguidance.TheMessengersdutyisonlytoconvey(themessage)inaclearway(i.e.topreachinaplain
way)." A n d : AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZaktandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad)
thatyoumayreceivemercy(fromAllh). TherearemanyAyahs(Qur'anicverses)tothesameeffect.
Hence,itisWajib(obligatory)uponyoutoletthebeardgrowlongandthickandcallotherMuslimstodo
thesameandtoobeyAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim)ineverycommandor
prohibition.ItisonlythroughthiswaythatMuslimswillachievehappinessandagoodendinthislifeand
theHereafter.
MayAllahguideyoutowhatisgoodforbothyourreligionandyourlife,toallthatbenefitsthepeopleand
theirnations.Indeed,He(ExaltedbeHe)istheMostGenerous.Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullah
wabarakatuh.
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RulingonTrimmingtheBeard
Q:Whatistherulingontrimmingthebeardtobethesamelength?
A : Itisobligatorytoletthebeardgrowwithoutcuttingit,foritisauthenticallyreportedthat
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Trimcloselythemustacheandletthebeardgrow!Bedistinguishedfrom
theMushriks(thosewhoassociateotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship). [ReportedbyAlBukhariand
MuslimontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwithbothofthem)]Itisrelatedby
A lBukharimayAllahbemercifulwithhimontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleased
withthem)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Trimcloselythemustacheandlengthenthebeard!
BedistinguishedfromtheMushriks. ItisalsorelatedbyMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllah
bepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Trimcloselythemustacheandgrow
thebeard!Bedistinguishedfromthemagi.
AlltheseHadithsprovethatmenshouldletthebeardgrowandtrimthemustache.Thisisthe
prescribedmannerthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderedustodo.Indoingso,one
adoptsthepracticeoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andhisCompanions(mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththem),contradictstheMushriks,andavoidsanyresemblancetothemorto
women.
AsforwhatwasreportedbyAlTirmidhi(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim) thattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)usedtoshavepartsofthewidthandthelengthofhisbeard, thisisafalsereportthatwasnot
authenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Somepeoplerelyonit,though
itisnotanauthenticreport,foritsSanad(chainofnarrators)includesÙmaribnHarunAlBalkhiwho
isaccusedoflying.
TheMu'min(believer)shouldnotconsidersuchfalseHadithortakeRukhsah(concession)
fromthesayingsofsomepeopleofknowledge,fortheSunnah(whateverisreportedfromthe
Prophet)mustprevailoverall.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states: Hewhoobeysthe
Messenger(Muhammad),hasindeedobeyedAllh He(GlorifiedbeHe)states: Say:"ObeyAllhand
obeytheMessenger,butifyouturnaway,he(MessengerMuhammad)isonlyresponsibleforthedutyplacedon
him(i.e.toconveyAllhsMessage)andyouforthatplacedonyou.Ifyouobeyhim,youshallbeontherightguidance.The
Messengersdutyisonlytoconvey(themessage)inaclearway(i.e.topreachinaplainway)." Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)
alsosays: Oyouwhobelieve!ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad),andthoseofyou(Muslims)
whoareinauthority.(And)ifyoudifferinanythingamongstyourselves,referittoAllhandHisMessenger(),if
youbelieveinAllhandintheLastDay.Thatisbetterandmoresuitableforfinaldetermination. MayAllahgrantus
success!
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ChapterontheobligationsofWudu'anditsdescription
ThemannerofperformingWudu'
Q:IhopethatyouclarifythepropermannerofperformingWudu'andSalahaccordingtothe
authenticHadithsfortheurgentneedtothat.MayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : PraisebetoAllah.MayPeaceandBlessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,uponhis
household,andSahabah!
ThereareauthenticHadithsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whichindicatethathe(peace
beuponhim)usedtowashhispalmsthreetimeswhilehavingtheintentionofperforming
Wudu'andsay,"InthenameofAllah"whichislegislatedhere.Itreportedinmanynarrations
thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Thereisno(valid)ablutionfortheonewhohasnotmentionedthe
NameofAllahupon(performing)it.
ApersonwhoperformsWudu'(ritualablution)shouldstartwith"Bismillahi.e.inthenameof
Allah,(Istart)atthebeginningofWudu'.Somescholarsdeemthisobligatorywhen
rememberingitbutifoneforgetsorisunaware,thereisnoharm.Thenoneshouldrinsehis
mouthandinhaleswaterthreetimesandwashhisfacethreetimes.Then,onewasheshis
handsuptoelbowsthreetimesstartingwiththerighthand.Afterthat,he/shewipeshis/her
headandearsonetimeandthereafterwasheshis/herlegsuptoanklesthreetimesstarting
withtherightleg.Ifonewashestheorganonceortwice,thereisnoharm.Itisreportedthat
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)performedWudu'washingeveryorganonetime,
twotimes,andthreetimes,orhe(peacebeuponhim)maywashsomeofhisorganstwo
timesandothersthreetimes.Thisindicatesthatthematterisflexible,praisebetoAllah.
However,washingthreetimesisbetter.ThisisthewayofWudu'whenapersondidnot
urinateordefecatebeforeperformingWudu'.Incaseofurinationordefecation,oneshould
performIstinja'(washinggenitals)atfirstandafterthatperformsWudu'inthe
aforementionedway.
Asforpassingwind,sleeping,touchingone'sgenitals,andconsumingcamel'smeat,theydo
notrequireperformingIstinja'butitissufficienttoperformWudu'intheaforementionedway.
ItisrecommendedtorecitethefollowingsupplicationafterofferingWudu'"Itestifythat
thereisnodeitybutAllahandthatMuhammadisHisServantandMessenger.OAllah!Make
meofthosewhoalwaysrepenttoYouandofthosewhoremainpure",asauthenticallyrelated
fromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
Moreover,itisrecommendedforwhoeverdoesWudu'tooffertwoRakaàhswhichiscalled
SunnahA lWudu'(anactofSunnahrelatedtoWudu')andifs/heofferedtheSunnahRatibah
(supererogatoryPrayerperformedonaregularbasis)afterWudu',itmakesupforSunnahAl
Wudu'.
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Isitnecessaryforathickbeardedman
toletwaterreachhairrootsinWudu'?
Q:IsitaprerequisiteofWudu'(ablution)thatathickbeardedmanletsthewaterreachthe
rootsofhishair?
A : Itisenoughforhimtoletwaterpassoverit.Actually,therearemanyauthenticHadithto
thiseffect.However,itisbettertoletthewatergothroughhishair.TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)isreportedtohavedoneboth.
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RulingonforgettingtopronounceTasmiyah(saying,"Bismillah[IntheNameofAllah]")
duringWudu'
Q:IperformedWudu'(ablution),butIdidnotremembertopronouncetheTasmiyahexcept
afterwashingmyhands.WheneverIrememberthisafterwards,IusedtorepeatWudu'again,
whatistherulingonthis?
A : TheJumhur(dominantmajorityofscholars)havedeclaredthevalidityofperformingWudu'
withoutpronouncingTasmiyah.However,otherssaidthatitisobligatoryforapersonto
pronounceTasmiyahonknowingtherulingandrememberingit,sinceitisauthentically
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: ThereisnoWudu'forapersonwhohasnotmentioned
theNameofAllahupon(performing)it. However,whoeverabandonsdoingthisoutofforgetfulnessor
ignorance,theirWudu'willstillbevalid,andtheydonothavetorepeatit,evenonholding
theopinionthatpronouncingTasmiyahisobligatory,forinthiscaseapersonisexcusedfor
ignoranceandforgetfulness.TheevidenceinsupportofthisrulingisAllah'sSaying(Exalted
beHe): OurLord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallintoerror ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheMessenger
ofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said: AllahhasrespondedtothisDuà'(supplication) .
Thus,knowthatifyouforgettopronounceTasmiyahatthebeginning,butsayitwhile
performingWudu',youwillbefulfillingtheduty.Therewillnotbeanyobligationuponyouto
repeatWudu',foryouwillbeexcusedbyforgetfulness.MayAllahgrantusallsuccess!
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IscoveringtheÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic)acondition
forablutiontobevalid?
Q:AbrotherfromZagreb,Croatiasaysinhisquestion:Aftertakingabathtocleanmyself,I
performedablution.Ithenwentoutofthebathroomandputonmyclothes.IswhatIhave
donecorrect?Inotherwords,iscoveringtheÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbe
coveredinpublic)notaconditionforthevalidityofablution?Please,advise.MayAllahreward
youwiththebest!
A : YourablutioniscorrectandcoveringtheÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbe
coveredinpublic)isnotaconditionforablutiontobevalid.
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RulingonperformingWudu'whilenaked
Q:AbrotherfromIraqasks:IsitcorrectforapersontoperformWudu'(ablution)when
completelynakedafterhavingGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)?
A : IknownothingwrongwithperformingWudu'whencompletelynakedafterhavingGhusl.
Yet,itisbettertobeginwithperformingWudu'beforeperformingGhusl,becausesuchwas
thepracticeoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whousedtoperformWudu'firstandthen
performGhusl.
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RulingonwipingtheneckwhenperformingWudu'
Q:Iswipingone'sneckwhenperformingWudu'(ablution)undesirablebecauseitisanactof
imitatingtheJews,asIheard?
A : Yes,itisneitherdesirablenorprescribedinShariàh(Islamiclaw)towipetheneck.
Rather,theheadandtheearsonlyaretobewiped,asindicatedintheQuranandSunnah
(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet).
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Rulingonforgetting
oneofthepillarsofWudu'
Q:AbrotherfromRiyadhsaysinhisquestion:WhileperformingWudu'(ablution)in
preparationforPrayer(Salah),Iforgottowashmyface.Rememberingthisafterwashingmy
hands,IwashedmyfaceandthenrewashedmyhandsandcompletedWudu'.Isthereany
blameonmeinthisregard?Whatifoneforgetstowashone'sfaceandremembersonlyafter
completingWudu'?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : Thereisnoblameonyouregardingthis,becauseyoustopped,washedyourface,and
followeditbyrewashingyourhandsandthencompletedWudu'.Butifsomeoneforgetsto
washtheirfaceandjustremembersitafterperformingWudu',theyhavetorepeatWudu'
becausebothorderandclosesequenceareobligatoryinWudu'.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Rulingonforgettingtowipeone'shead
whenperformingWudu'
Q:WhileperformingWudu'(ablution),IforgottowipemyheadbutIwashedmyfeet.AmI
obligedtoreperformWudu'fromthebeginning?OrshouldIjustwipemyheadandthen
rewashmyfeet?
A:Youshouldwipeyourheadandearsandthenrewashyourfeetifyourememberthisshortly
afterperformingWudu'.ButifyourememberthisafteralongtimefromperformingWudu',
youshouldreperformWudu'fromthebeginningbecauseclosesequenceinwashingyour
partsisobligatoryinperformingWudu'.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingonnotperformingthestepsofWudu'inorder
Q:IdonotperformthestepsofWudu'(ablution)inorder.Isometimeswashmylefthandor
footbeforetherightoneorperformIstinshaq(inhalingandexhalingwaternasally)before
Madmadah(rinsingthemouth)isthispermissible?
A : ItisprescribedforeveryMuslimtoperformWudu'astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)did.
YoushouldbeginbymakingMadmadah,Istinshaq,thenwashthefacethreetimes.Ifyoudo
thisoneortwotimes,itissufficient.However,itisbesttoperformMadmadahandIstinshaq
threetimes,andthenwashthefacethreetimes.Youshouldthenwashyourhandsuptoand
includingtheelbowsthreetimes,
beginningwiththerighthandthentheleft.Ifyouwashyourhandsoneortwotimes,itis
sufficient,butwashingthehandsuptotheelbowthreetimesisbetterasinthecaseofthe
face.Youaretowipeyourheadalongwithyourearsonetime,thenwashyourfeetuptoand
includingtheanklesthreetimesaswiththehands,startingwiththerightonefollowingthe
exampleoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whostated: WhenyouperformWudu',washyourrightparts
first(beforewashingyourleftparts.)
AfterfinishingWudu',youshouldsay:"AshhaduanlailahaillaAllah,wahdahu,lasharikaLah,
waashhaduannaMuhammadanàbduhuwarasuluhu.Allahummaijàlniminattawabin
wajàlniminalmutatahirin[ItestifythatthereisnogodbutAllahAlone,withnopartneror
associate,andItestifythatMuhammadisHisSlaveandMessenger.OAllah!Makemeofthose
whoareconstantlyrepentantandmakemeofthosewhopurifythemselves]."
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ChapteronwipingovertheKhuffs
WayofwipingoverKhuffs
Q:ApersonfromAlKharjsays,"IsawapersonwipingoverhisrightKhuff(leathersock)with
hisrighthandandoverhisleftonewithhislefthandatthesametime.YourEminence,is
observingorderandclosesequenceamongtheconditionsofwipingoverKhuffs,sothatone
shouldwipeovertherightfootthenwipeovertheleftone?Isitpreferabletowipewiththe
righthandoristhematterflexible?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahrewardyou!"
A : ItisanactofSunnah(supererogatoryactofworshipfollowingtheexampleoftheProphet)
tobeginwiththerightfootasinGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)according
totheProphet'ssaying: WhenyouperformWudu'(ablution),washyourrightpartsfirst. Also, A'ishah(mayAllah
bepleasedwithher)said: TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtoliketostartwiththerightsidewhenputtingonhis
sandals,combinghishair,cleaningorwashinghimselfandinallofhisactivities. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim)
Moreover,ifsomeonewipesovertherightfootwiththerighthandandovertheleftfootwith
thelefthand,thereisnoharminthat.Also,thereisnoharmiftheybeginwiththerightfoot
orwipeboththerightandleftfeetwiththerightorthelefthand.
Themajorityofscholarsareoftheopinionthatbeginningwiththerightpart,beithandor
foot,isMustahab(desirable)notWajib(obligatory).Itis,however,obligatorytowashthe
partsofWudu'inorder,startingwiththeface,thearms,theheadandfinishingwiththefeet.
Accordingly,washingtherighthandorfootbeforetheotherisMustahabnotWajib.However,
itissaferforaMu'min(believer)tostartwiththerighthandandrightfootwhenperforming
GhuslorwipingovertheKhuffsinWudu',accordingtoevidenceofShariàh(Islamiclaw)and
toavoiddisagreementamongstscholars.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
Wayandconditionsofwipingoversocks
Q:Howtowipeoversocks?Whatareitsconditions?
A : ItispermissibletowipeoverthesockswhenperformingWudu'iftheyarethickenoughto
coverthefeetandankles.ItisalsopermissibletowipeovertheKhuffsinWudu',foradayand
anightforaresidentandthreedaysandnightsforatraveler,iftheyarewornonTaharah
(ritualpurification),thatis,afterperformingWudu',accordingtoauthenticHadithreported
fromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Wipingoverthesocks
Q:SometimeswhenIperformWudu'(ablution)forSalah(Prayer),Iwipeoverthesockswith
mywethandsbecausethesocksareclean.Isthispermissible?
A : ItispermissibleforaMuslimtowipeoverKhuffs(leathersocks)orsocksiftheywearthem
directlyafterWudu'andtheycoverthefeettotheankles,foradayandanightforaresident
andthreedaysandnightsforatraveler.
ThedurationofwipingbeginsafternullifyingWudu',whichtakesplaceafterwearingthe
socks.Ifthepersontakesthemoffandwashestheirfeetafterwashingthefaceandhands
andwipingovertheheadandears,thereisnoharm,butthisisagainsttheSunnah(whatever
isreportedfromtheProphet).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
Wayofwipingoverthesocks
Q:YourEminenceShaykhÀbdulÀzizibnBaz(mayAllahgrantyousuccess)couldyoukindly
adviseabouthowtowipeoverthesocksandwhetheritisdonewithbothhandsortheright
handonlyorshouldwewipetherightfootwiththerighthandandtheleftfootwiththeleft
hand?MayAllahrewardyoubest!
A:TheactofSunnahistowipetherightfootwiththerighthandandtheleftonewiththeleft
hand,
accordingtotheProphet'ssaying: WhenyouperformWudu',washyourrightpartsfirst(beforewashingyourleft
parts). (RelatedbyAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudential
themes)withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators))MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Durationofwipingoverthesocks
Q:IsitpermissibleforaresidenttotakeoffthesocksafterofferingtheFiveObligatoryDaily
Prayersbeforethecompletionoftheday?Isitpermissibletochangethemwhentheybecome
dirtybeforecompletingtheFiveObligatoryDailyPrayersandcontinuewipingoverthenew
wornones?IsitpermissibleformetotakethemoffafterIfinishofferingtheFiveObligatory
DailyPrayerswhengoingtosleepfromÌsha'(Night)PrayertoFajr(Dawn)Prayer?Please,
advise.MayAllahgrantyousuccess!
A : Itispermissibleforaresidenttowipeoverthesocksforadayandanightwhileatraveler
ispermittedtodosoforthreedaysandnights.Itwasauthenticallyreportedontheauthority
ofÀly(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Aresident
maywipe(overthesocks)foronedayandnightandatravelermay(dothesame)forthreedaysandnights. Therearemany
Hadiththatstressthesamemeaning.
ThedurationofwipingbeginsafternullifyingWudu'(ablution),whichtakesplaceafter
wearingthesocks.Forexample,ifapersonperformsWudu'fortheZhuhr(Noon)Prayerand
putsontheirsocks,andthentheirWudu'isnullified,thedurationofwipingoverthesocksin
thiscasestartsfromthetimetheyperformWudu'fortheÀsr(Afternoon)Prayerofthisday
untilthetime
oftheZhuhrPrayerofthefollowingday.WhenitistimefortheÀsrPrayerofthenextday,
theyshouldtakethemofftowashtheirfeet.Itispermissibleforthemtowipeoverthem
againforadayandnight.However,ifapersonperformsWudutooffertheZhuhrPrayerand
thenputsontheirsocksandwipesoverthematthetimesofÀsr,Maghrib(Sunset),and
Ìsha'Prayers,thentheytakethemoffwhengoingtosleep,theyshouldwashtheirfeetwhen
theywakeuptooffertheFajrPrayer.Theyshouldnotputontheirsocksagainunlessthey
performWudu first.Theyarepermittedtowipeoverthemforadayandnightandtotake
themoffwhenevertheylike.Apersonshouldnotwipeovertheirsocksunlesstheyputthem
onafterperformingWudu'andwhiletheyareinastateofTaharah(ritualpurification).When
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)wantedtowipeoverhisKhuffs(leathersocks),AlMughirah
wantedtohelphimtakethemoff,theProphettoldhim: Leavethem,forIhaveperformedWudu'before
puttingthemon. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)Itwasauthenticallyreportedonthe
authorityofSafwanibnÀssal(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim): TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)
instructedusthatduringajourneyweneednottakeoffourKhuffs(forwashingthefeet)uptothreedaysandnights,exceptincase
ofJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge).Inothercases,suchassleeping,urination,anddefecation(thewiping
ofwethandsoverKhuffswillsuffice)."
Thus,itispermissibleforatravelertowipeoverthesocksforthreedaysandnights,whilea
residentcanwipeoverthemforadayandnight.However,ifapersonisinastateofJanabah,
theyshouldtakethemofftoperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity).Itis
permissibleforapersontotaketheirsocksoffwhenevertheylikebeforetheendofthe
prescribedperiodtochangethemorforanyotherreason.
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Wipingovertransparentsocks
Q:Whatistherulingonwipingovertransparentsocks?
A : Oneoftheprerequisitesofwipingoverthesocksisthattheyshouldbethickenoughthat
theydonotrevealtheskinandcoverthepartsrequiredtobewiped.Itisnotpermissibleto
wipeovertransparentsocksasinthiscasethefeetwillbelikethebareones.
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Conditionsandrulingonwipingoversocksmadeofcotton,
wool,andnylon,andSalahwithshoes
Q:Isitpermissibletowipeoverthesocksmadeofcotton,wool,ornylon?Whatarethe
conditionsofwipingoverKhuffs(leathersocks)?IsitpermissibletoofferSalah(Prayer)while
wearingshoes?
A : ItispermissibletowipeovercleanthicksocksandKhuffsforitisauthenticallyreportedthat theProphet
(peacebeuponhim)wipedoverthesocksandtheshoes. Inaddition,agroupofSahabah(Companionsofthe
Prophet,mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)wipedovertheirsocks.
Khuffsaremadeofleatherwhilesocksaremadeofcottonandthelike.
ThefollowingaretheconditionsofwipingoversocksandKhuffs:Theyshouldbecoveringthepartthatis
washedinWudu'(ablution).TheymustbeputonaftermakingWuduwhileoneisstillinastateofTaharah
(ritualpurification).Aresidentispermittedtodosoforadayandanightwhileatravelerispermittedtodo
soforthreedaysandnights.Thedurationofwipingbeginsafternullifyingablutionafterputtingonthe
socks.
ItispermissibletoofferSalahwhilewearingshoesfor "theProphet(peacebeuponhim)offeredPrayerwearinghis
shoes." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)ItisnarratedontheauthorityofAbuSaìd(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, WhenanyofyoucomestotheMasjid(Mosque),he
shouldturnhissandalsandifhefindsfilthonthem,heshouldwipeitoffandprayinthem. (RelatedbyAhmadandAbu
DawudwithaHasan(good)chainofnarration).
However,iftheMasjidisfurnished,itisbettertotakethemoffandputtheminasuitableplaceorputthem
overeachotherbetweenhisfeetsoastokeeptheplaceclean.
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TheconditionsofwipingovertheKhuffs
Q:IsitnecessarytowearacertaintypeofKhuffs(leathersocks)whenwipingovertheKhuffs,
orisanytypepermissible?
A : ItispermissibletowipeovertheKhuffs,providedthattheycoverthefeetandtheankles
cleanmadeofleatherofanylawfulanimal,suchascamels,cowsorsheepandtheymustbe
wornbythepersoninastateofTaharah(ritualpurification).
Itisalsopermissibletowipeoverthesocks,whethertheyaremadeofcotton,wool,orother
materials,accordingtothemostauthenticopinionamongthescholars. Itwasauthenticallyreported
thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)wipedoverhissocksandshoes. Thiswasalsoauthenticallyreportedfroma
groupoftheSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet).Socksandshoestakethesamerulingon
Khuffs,astheydothesamefunctionofcovering.Theperiodofwipingisadayandanightfor
aresident,andthreedaysandnightsforatraveler,startingfromthemomentofwipingover
themafterperformingWudu'(ablution)accordingtothemostauthenticoftwoscholarly
opinions,basedontheSahih(authentic)Hadithsinthisregard.TheKhuffsarewornafter
TaharahincaseofminorTaharah.
However,incaseofmajorTaharah,itisimpermissibletowipeovertheKhuffsyoushould
takethemoffandwashthefeet.ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromSafwanibnÀssal(mayAllah
bepleasedwithhim)thathesaid, TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)usedtoinstructuswhenwewereon
ajourneynottotakeourKhuffs(leathersocks)offforthreedaysandthreenightsexcept(tobathe)fromJanabah(majorritual
impurityrelatedtosexualdischarge).Wedidnothavetodosotopurifyourselvesaftersleeping,urinatingordefecating.
(RelatedbyAlNasa'y,AlTirmidhy,andthisisthewordingofthelatter,andIbnKhuzaymah,
whorankeditasSahihasreportedbyAlHafizhinBulughAlMaram).
MajorTaharahisthatperformedafterJanabah,menstruationandpostpartumperiod.
MinorTaharahisthatperformedafterminorritualimpurity,suchasurine,passingwindand
suchthingsthatinvalidateWudu'(ablution).
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TerminationofTaharahupontakingoffthesocks
Q:AmanwipedoverhissockswhileperformingWudu'(ablution).Later,hetookthemoff
becauseoftheirbadsmell.Then,heperformedSalah(Prayer)withoutwashinghisfeet,what
istherulingonhisSalahinthiscase?
A : IfamanwearshissocksafterperformingWudu',thentakesthemoff,thereisnothing
wrongwiththatandheisstillrituallypure.Butifhetakesthemoff(whileheperformed
Wudu'bywipingoverthem)afternullifyinghisWudu',thenheshouldrepeatWudu',according
tothemostcorrectopinionofscholars.ThatisbecausethestateofTaharahinvalidatesby
takingoffthesocks.
AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess.
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Wipingoverthesockswithoutnecessity
Q:Oneofourreaderssentusaquestioninwhichhesays:Ioftenseesomepeople,whooffer
Salah(Prayer),wipingovertheirsocksduringWudu'(ablution)eveninsummer.Couldyou
kindlyadviseaboutthepermissibilityofthisaction?Whichispreferableforaresidentwhen
performingWudu'towashtheirfeetortowipeoverthesocks?Itisimportanttonotethat
thosewhowipeoverthesocksdonothaveanexcusefordoingsoexceptthattheysayitis
permissible.
A : ThegeneralmeaningsofauthenticHadithdenotethepermissibilityofwipingoverKhuffs
(leathersocks)andsocksinwinterandinsummeraswell.
IIdonotknowanyevidencefromShariàh(Islamiclaw)specifyingwinterforthisrulingto
takeplace.However,apersonmaynotwipeoverthesocksexceptaccordingtothe
appropriateconditionsofwiping:1.Thesocksmustcoverthepartwhichmustbewashed.2.
TheymustbeworndirectlyafterWudu'.3.Durationofwipingshouldbemaintained,whichis
onedayandnightforaresidentandthreedaysandnightsforatravelerstartingafter
nullifyingWudu',whichtakesplaceafterwearingthesocks,accordingtothesoundestopinion
ofscholars.
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Rulingonwipingoversocks
withoutTaharah
Q:AquestionerfromHa'ilsays,"IperformedWudu'(ablution)andofferedtheFajr(Dawn)
Prayerandforgottowearmysocks.I,then,wenttosleepandwokeuptogotoworkputting
onthesockswithoutperformingWudu'.
WhenthetimeforZhuhr(Noon)Prayerwasdue,IperformedWudu',wipedoverthesocksand
offeredSalah.IdidsoatthetimeofÀsr(Afternoon),Maghrib(Sunset),andÌsha'(Night)
Prayers,thinkingIworethemwhenIwasinastateofTaharah(ritualpurification).Two
hoursaftertheÌsha'Prayer,IrememberedthatIwasnotTahir(rituallypure)whenIput
themon.WhatistherulingonthefourSalahsIperformed?Aretheyvalidornot,bearingin
mindthatIdidnotdothisintentionally?
A : IfoneputsonKhuffs(leathersocks)orsockswhilenotinastateofTaharah,wipesover
themandthenoffersSalahforgetfully,theSalahisnotvalidandmustberepeated,foroneof
theconditionsofthevalidityofwipingoversocksistoputthemonwhilebeinginastateof
TaharahaccordingtoIjma`(consensusofscholars).Puttingthemonwhilenotinastateof
TaharahandwipingoverthemislikeofferingSalahwithoutbeingTahir.TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)said: NeithertheSalahisacceptedwithoutTaharahnorisSadaqah(voluntarycharity)acceptedoutofillgotten
money. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith,ontheauthorityofIbnÙmar
(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem))ItwasrelatedintheTwoSahihBooksofHadith(i.e.Al
BukhariandMuslim)ontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: TheSalahofnoneamongyouwillbeacceptediftheyareinastateofimpurityuntil
theyperformWudu'.
IntheTwoSahihBooksofHadith,itwasrelatedontheauthorityofAlMughirahibnShu`bah(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim)thathewasoncetravelingwiththeProphet(peacebeuponhim),
whowenttorelievehimselfthenreturnedandperformedWudu'.AlMughirahpouredwaterfor
himandwhenhe(peacebeuponhim)wipedoverhishead,AlMughirahhurriedtoremovethe
Prophet'sKhuffs,buthe(peacebeuponhim)said: Leavethem,forIhaveperformedWudu'beforeputtingthem
on. Hethenwipedoverthem.TherearemanyHadithtothesameeffect.
Thus,itshouldbecleartoyouthatyouhavetorepeatthefourSalahsZhuhr,Àsr,Maghrib
andÌsha'.Youarenottobeblamedforforgetting,becauseAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Our
Lord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallintoerror ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)saidthatAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)said: Idid. ThismeansthatAllah
(GlorifiedbeHe)answeredtheDuà'(supplication)ofHisServants,nottopunishthemfor
whattheydomistakenlyorforgetfully.AllpraiseandthankfulnessareduetoHim!
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Wearingtherightsockbeforewashingtheleftfoot
Q:AquestionerfromHa'ilsays:Somepeopletoldmethatitisnotpermissible,while
performingWudu'(ablution),toweartherightsockbeforewashingtheleftfoot.
Nevertheless,Ionceread,Idonotrememberthenameofthebook,thattheissueisanobject
ofdisputeamongscholarsandthepreponderantviewisthatitispermissibletodoso.Please,
informmeabouttheissueindetail.MayAllahrewardyou!
A : ItismoreprecautionaryforapersonperformingWudu'nottoweartherightsockbefore
washingtheleftfoot.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: IfoneofyouperformsWudu'andthenputs
ontheirKhuffs(leathersocks),
theymay,iftheysowish,wipeoverthemandperformSalah(Prayer)whileputtingthemonunlessincaseofJanabah(majorritual
impurityrelatedtosexualdischarge). (RelatedbyAlDaraqutnyandAlHakim,whorankeditasSahih(authentic),ontheauthorityof
A n a s (mayAllahbepleasedwithhim))Inthesameregard,AbuBakrahAlThaqafy(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)reported: The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)permittedthetravelertoperformWudu'andwipeoverKhuffsforthreedaysandnightsandtheresident
foronlyonedayandonenight. (RelatedbyAlDaraqutnyandrankedasSahihbyIbnKhuzaymah)
Tothesameeffect,itisrelatedintheTwoSahihBooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)ontheauthorityofAlMughirahibn
Shu`bah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thathesawtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)performingWudu'.Ontryingtotakeoffthe
Prophet'sKhuffs,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidtohim: Leavethem,forIhaveperformedWudu'beforeputtingthemon.
TheapparentmeaningofthesethreeHadithandotherstothesameeffectindicatesthatitisnotpermissibletowipeoverKhuffs
unlessoneisinastateofcompleteTaharah(ritualpurification)beforeputtingthemon.Onewhowearstherightsockbeforewashing
theleftfootisnotinastateofcompleteTaharah.
Nevertheless,somescholarsareoftheviewthatitispermissibletowipeoversocksevenifonehasworntherightsockbefore
washingtheleftfoot,becauseeachsockiswornaftertherespectivefootiswashed.
Anyway,thefirstviewismoreprecautionaryandstrongerinauthority.Accordingly,ifsomeonedoesso,theyshouldtakeofftheright
Khufforsockbeforewipingandthenreputitonafterwashingtheleftfootsothattheymightbeonthesafesideasfarastheir
religionisconcerned.
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Wipingoverasecondpairofsocks
wornoveranother
Q:IfIputonapairofsockswhilebeingTahir(rituallypure)aftertheFajr(Dawn)Prayerand
wipeoverthemwhenperformingWudu'(ablution)fortheZhuhr(Noon)Prayer,thenIwear
anotherpairofsockswhilebeingTahir,isitpermissibletowipeoverthesecondpairofsocks?
Doesthedurationofpermissibilityofwipingoversocksapplytothefirstorsecondpairof
socks?Please,advise!MayAllahrewardyou!
A : Itisunobjectionabletowipeoveranotherpairofsocksifyouputitonwhileinastateof
Taharah(ritualpurification).Thedurationofthepermissibilityofwipingoversockswillthen
applytothenewlyputonsocksastheyarewornwhileinastateofTaharah.Thisis
analogicaltothecasewhensomeoneputsonsocksorKhuffs(leathersocks)whileinastate
ofTaharahafterwipingoverasplint.
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RulingonsomeonewholeadspeopleinSalahwhileinjured
Q:WhatistherulingonsomeonewholeadspeopleinSalah(Prayer)whileinjured?
A : Ifthereisasplintontheinjury,itwillbewipedwhileperformingWudu'(ablution)and
Ghusl(ritualbath),andthiswillbesufficient.Insuchacase,Salahofferedbysuchaperson
willbevalidifheisleadingpeopleinSalah,ledbyanImamorofferingSalahalone.However,
ifthereisno
splintontheinjury,heshouldperformTayammum(dryablution)onbehalfoftheinjured
organafterhavingusedwaterforwashingotherorgans.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
says: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan Moreover,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)
aswellasotherMuslimsinjuredinthebattleofUhudandofferedSalahwhileinjured.
Furthermore,AbuDawud(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)reportedJabir(mayAllahbepleased
withhim)assaying: AninjuredmanaskedhisfellowswhetherTayammumwasallowableforhimorhehadtomakeGhusl.
TheysaidtohimthathehadtomakeGhusl.Whenhewashedhimself,hedied.Thereupon,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
"TheykilledhimmayAllahkillthem!Inquiry,surely,isthecureofignorance." TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
thensaid: "Itwouldhavebeensufficientforhimtotiehiswoundwithapieceofclothandwipeoveritfromoutsideandthen
washtherestofhisbody."
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ChapteronInvalidationofWudu'
InvalidationofWudu'whileofferingSalahorreciting
theQur'anthroughbreakingwindasregardsonewhocannotcontrolwind
Q:MyWudu'(ablution)isofteninvalidatedwhileperformingSalah(Prayer)orrecitingthe
Qur'anthroughbreakingwind,whetherwithasmellorsound.Thus,IreperformWudu'
wheneveritisinvalidated.AsisterinIslamtoldmethatIdonothavetoreperformWudu'so
frequently.ShetoldmethatImayreperformWudu'uptotwotimesonlyandthatIdonot
havetoreperformWudu'ifitisinvalidatedforthethirdtime.Isthisright?WhathaveItodo
whenthisisthecase?
A:IfyouarecertainthatyourWudu'isinvalidatedthroughhearingorsmellingwind,youhave
toreperformWudu'andSalah.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whenanyofyoubreakswind
duringtheSalah,heshouldturnaway,performWudu'andrepeattheSalah. (RelatedbyAhlulSunan(authorsof
Hadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)throughaHasan(good)chainof
narrators.Tothesameeffect,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: TheSalah
ofanyofyouwhoseWudu'isinvalidatedisnotacceptableunlesshereperformsWudu'. (RelatedbybothAlBukhariandMuslim)
However,ifyourWudu'isofteninvalidated,youshouldperformWudu'fortherespectiveSalahwhosetimeisdueandperformthe
obligatorySalahandsupererogatorySalahsolongastimehasnotexpired.Insuchacase,breakingwindwillbeinconsiderableasit
isacaseofnecessity.Therefore,thosewhoseWudu'isofteninvalidatedarepardonedincasetheyperformWudu'aftertheSalah
timeisdue.Thisisbasedonmuchevidence,includingtheAyah(Qur'anicverse)thatreads: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHim
asmuchasyoucan
ThefollowingHadithisfurtherevidence: ItisreportedontheauthorityofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)orderedthewomanofaprolongedmensestoperformWudu'foreverySalah.
AsforrecitingtheQur'an,itisunobjectionablethatyourecitetheQur'anfrommemory,evenifyouarerituallyimpure.However,if
youareinastateofJanabah(majorritualimpurity),youmaynotreciteitunlessyoutakeaGhusl(ritualbath).Youmaynottouchthe
M u shaf(anArabiccopyoftheQur'an)unlessyouareinstateofneitherminorormajorritualimpurity.Thisisnotapplicableincase
youarealwaysinstateofritualimpurity.Insuchacase,itwillbeunobjectionablethatyouperformWudu'foreverySalahandrecite
theQur'aneitherfrommemoryorfromaMushafbasedontheevidenceprovidedregardingSalahrulings.MayAllahgrantusall
success!
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Salahofsomeonewhocannotcontrolwind
Q:Isufferfromachronicdiseaseinthecolon,whichcausesmetobreakwinduncontrollably,
especiallywhileperformingSalah(Prayer).Thistakesplaceveryoften,
soIhavebecomeunsureregardingthevalidityofmySalah.Idoubtanybadsmellfromany
sourcetobefromme.WhatshouldIdoduringSalah?HaveItoreperformWudu'(ablution)
onceIhavedoubts?IsitpermissibleformetoleadilliteratepeopleinSalahwhenthisisthe
case?
A : ThebasicruleinthisregardisthatthestateofTaharah(ritualpurification)remainsin
effectandthatyouhavetocompleteSalahpayingnoattentiontodoubts,unlessyouare
completelysurethatyoubrokewindthroughhearingasoundorfindingasmellyouare
certaintobefromyou.Inthisregard, theProphet(peacebeuponhim)wasaskedaboutapersonwhoimaginesto
havebrokenwindduringSalah.He(peacebeuponhim)replied:Heshouldnotleave(hisSalah)unlesshehearsasoundorsmells
something. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
ItisalsounobjectionablethatyouleadpeopleinSalah,sinceyouarethemostlearnedamong
theSalahattendants,ifyoudonotfrequentlybreakwindandthatitonlyhappenssometimes.
However,wheneveryoubreakwindduringSalah,itwillbeinvalidated,whetheryouarean
Imam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer),Ma'mum(apersonbeingledbyanImamin
Prayer),orevenofferingSalahalone.IfyouaretheImamandyoubreakwind,youshould
appointalearnedmanfromamongtheMa'mumstocompleteleadingthepeopleinSalah.We
askAllahtogiveyouandusgoodhealth!
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FeelingdropsofurineafterperformingWudu'
Q:Amaniscomplainingthatsoonafterheurinatesandwasheshispenis,hefeelssomedrops
ofurinedischargedwhenhestartstomove.
Thisconditionlastsforalongtime.Whatshouldhedo?Shouldhewaituntilthedischargeof
urinestopsorshouldhecompletehisWudu'(ablution)afterwashinghispenis?Please,advise!
MayAllahguideyou!
A : ThismayhappentosomepeopleasakindofinsinuationandillusioninducedbySatan.
Othersmayreallysufferfromthissituation.Thus,ifthisisreallythecase,amanshouldnot
hastenuntiltheurinedropsstop.Afterthat,heshouldwashhispeniswithwater.However,if
hehassomedoubtsafterthis,hemaysprinklesomewateraroundthepenisafterWudu',to
endthesedoubtsanddeemwhathemayfindafterwardsasthepurewaterhesprinkled
earlier.ThisactisprescribedintheSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)andit
helpshimovercomeinsinuations.
Moreover,abelievershouldnotheedsuchinsinuations,forthisencouragesSatanwhoisvery
keentospoilthedeedsofmankind,suchasSalah(Prayer)andothergooddeeds.Therefore,
weshouldbewareofhisplotsandtraps,andputourtrustinAllah.Also,thispersonshould
believethatanyinsinuationsbroughtabouttohimcomefromSatan,soheshoulddisregard
them.However,ifheexperiencesarealconditionofurinedropping,heshouldrepeatwashing
thepenisandperformWudu'again.Nevertheless,heshouldnotpayattentiontodoubts,out
ofassumingTaharah(ritualpurification)andfightingSatan.Thisisillustratedwhen theProphet
(peacebeuponhim)wasasked,"OMessengerofAllah,whataboutapersonimaginingtohavebrokenwindduringSalah?"Hesaid,
Heshouldnotleave(hisSalah)unlesshehearsasoundordetectsasmell." Therefore,he(peacebeuponhim)told
themannottoleavehisSalahbecauseofhisimaginationunlesshehearsasoundordetectsa
smell.
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HavingobsessionsduringWudu'
Q:AfterIfinishWudu'(ablution),IfeelthatIdropurineshouldIrepeatmyWudu'?Notethat
whenIrepeatWudu',Ikeephavingthesamefeeling,whatshouldIdo?
A : ThisfeelingevokedfromthequestionerafterWudu'isconsideredadevilishinsinuation.
Therefore,theyshouldnotrepeatWudu'.Rather,disregardthisthoughtandkeepyourWudu'
valid.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Whenhe(theProphet,peacebeuponhim)wasaskedabouta
personimaginingtohavepassedwindduringSalah,hesaid:Heshouldnotleaveunlesshehearsasoundordetectsasmell.
(AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim).
ThisisbecauseSatanisverykeentospoiltheactsofworshipofaMuslimsuchasSalah
(prayer),Wudu',andothers.Therefore,weshoulddisgraceSatan,givenoresponsetohis
insinuations,andseekAllah'sRefugefromhisplotsandevilwhispers.
AllahisTheOneWhograntssuccess.
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ObsessionsduringWudu'andSalah
Q:A.S.fromAlgeriasays:Sometimes,IfeelthatmyWudu'(ablution)isnullifiedbefore
finishingit.ThesamehappensduringSalah(Prayer).However,Idonotknow
whetherthisistrueornot.ButIoftenrepeatmySalahandWudu',whichmakesmemissthe
congregationalprayerandmakesmethinkalotduringSalah.
A : SuchobsessionsareinducedbySatan.YoushoulddisregardthemandcontinueyourWudu'
andSalahnormally,foritisauthenticallyreportedthatwhentheProphet(peacebeupon
him) receivedacomplaintfromamanwhoimaginesthathepasseswindduringSalah:He(peacebeuponhim)said:"Heshould
notleaveunlesshehearsasoundordetectsasmell" (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).Itisalso
relatedinSahih(authenticbookofHadith)MuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Ifanyofyouhassomethingintheirabdomen
andtheydoubtwhetherornotanything(i.e.wind)hasbeenpassedfromit,theyshouldnotleavetheMasjid(mosque)unlessthey
hearasoundordetectasmell.
InlightofthesetwoHadithsandotherrelevantHadiths,everybelievershouldknowthatthey
shouldnotleavetheMasjidorabandontheirSalahandWudu'byvirtueofinduced
insinuations.Rather,theyshouldrepelthemuntiltheyaresurethatsomethingissecreted.
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FeelingdropsofurinewhileperformingSalah
Q:WhileperformingWudu'(ablution),Ifeelthatthereissomethingcomingoutofmypenis.
DoesthismeanthatIhavebecomeimpureornot?IfIhavesuchafeelingwhileperforming
Salah(Prayer),willmySalahbenullified?
A : Ifsomeonefeelsthatthereissomethingcomingoutoftheirpenisoranus,theirWudu'is
notnullifiedandtheyshouldnotpayattentiontosuchafeeling,becauseofbeinginsinuations
ofSatan.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)wasaskedabout
somethinglikethisandhesaid: Heshouldnotleave(Salah)unlesshehearsasoundordetectsasmell(ofbreaking
wind). (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
However,ifsomeoneiscertainthattheyhavebrokenwindordischargeddropsofurine,their
Salahisnullifiedduetotheinvalidityoftheirpurification.Insuchacase,theymustperform
bothWudu'andSalahagain.
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Insinuationsconcerningcleanlinessandimpurities
Q:Asistersays:Iamobsessedwithinsinuationsconcerningcleanlinessandimpurities,thatis,
IwashmyhandsandclothesmanytimesuntilIamsurethatIhavebecomeclean.Ihave
triedtocontrolmyselftobeabletoovercomesuchinsinuations,but
Icouldnot.SometimesImanagetodosobutmanytimesIfail.
IamafaithfulMuslim.IfearAllahandmanyatimeIsupplicatetoHiminSalah(Prayer)and
supererogatorySalahatnighttocuremefromwhatIsuffer.Iknowthatthisisadisease.I
havereadthatoneshouldnotpayattentiontosuchinsinuations.YetIcannothelpit.Iwant
toknowthereligiousopinionregardingsuchadisease,particularlythatitrendersme
wastefulinusingwater.WhichsupplicationshouldIsaytogetridofsuchinsinuations?Isit
correctthatsupplicatingduringSujud(Prostration)isconfinedtosupererogatorySalahand
thusitisnotpermissibletodosoinobligatorySalah?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllah
guideyou!
A:Youshouldbewareofinsinuationsandpaynottheleastattentiontothem.Youshouldseek
refugewithAllahfromtheaccursedSatanandjudgeaccordingtoyoursoundfeeling
regardingyourWudu'(ablution)andSalah.Youshouldnotpaytheleastattentiontosuch
insinuationsandaskAllahtograntyourecoveryfromthem.Youshouldoftenseekrefugewith
AllahfromtheaccursedSatan.Bydoingso,youwillbeprotectedfromthem,InshaaAllah(if
Allahwills),overcomeSatan,andpleaseyourLord(GlorifiedbeHe).IaskAllahtograntyou
andusrecoveryandsafetyfromtheschemesandwhispersofSatan.
ItisprescribedforaMuslim,whethermaleorfemale,tosupplicatetoAllahinbothobligatory
andsupererogatorySalahinSujudandthelastpartofTashahhud(arecitationinthesitting
positioninthesecond/lastunitofPrayer)beforeTaslim(salutationofpeaceendingthe
Prayer).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: ThenearestaservantcomestotheirLordiswhentheyare
prostratingthemselves,sosupplicatealot(inthisstate). He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: AsfarasRuku`(bowing)
isconcerned,extolinittheGreatandGloriousLord,andwhileinSujudyourselfbeearnestinsupplication,foritisfittingthatyour
supplicationsshouldbeanswered. (BothHaditharerelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)Bookof
Hadith.)
Moreover,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidwhenhetaughthisSahabah(Companions)
Tashahhud: Thenletoneofyouchoosefromsupplicationwhathelovesbestandsupplicatewithit. (Agreeduponby
AlBukhariandMuslim)
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Impurityofwhatcomesoutoftheurethraandanus
Q:Iamayoung,unmarriedgirl.Isufferthecomingoutofasubstanceaswhiteasmilk.It
oftencomesoutofme,makingitdifficulttogetridofit.Iaskedmymarriedsisterwhosaid
thatitcameoutofheralsoandthatitwasanaturalsubstancethatindicatedone'spurity,
becauseitwasasignforit.SincethenIhavebeenperformingSalah(Prayer)andSawm
(Fast)normallywithoutconsideringitrituallyimpure.YetIreadafatwastatingthatanything
comingoutthroughtheurethraoranusisimpureandonemustgetridofitandwearcertain
clothesforperformingSalah.Whatistherulingonsuchasubstancethatresemblesmilk?
Whatistherulingifitistransparentandcolorless?
A : Anythingpassingoutoftheurethraoranus,includingurine,stoolandotherliquids,
includingthesubstanceyouhavementioned,areimpure.Thisentailsperforming
Istinja'(cleaningone'sgenitals)atthetimeofeverySalahifitiscontinuous.TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)saidtoawoman,whocontinuedtobleedaftertheendofhermenstrual
days: PerformablutionforeverySalah(prayer).
Itisobligatorythatoneshouldwashoutwhatafflictsone'sbodyorclothesofthisimpure
substance.Ifthebleedingofsuchsubstanceiscontinuous,thenoneisexemptedfrom
performingWudu'(ablution)duringthetimebetweentwoconsecutiveSalahs,evenifbleeding
happenswhileoneisperformingSalah.Thussuchasubstanceistobetreatedasthebloodof
awomanwhocontinuestobleedaftertheendofhermenstrualdays.Anexceptionissemen
thoughitispure,itentailsperformingGhusl(majorritualablution)ifitisaccompaniedby
desirebutifitcomesoutwithoutdesire,itentailsjustIstinja'(cleaningone'sgenitals)and
performingWudu'(ablution)ifoneintendstoofferSalahorwhateverentailsperforming
Wudu'(ablution),suchascircumambulation(aroundtheKa`bah)andtouchingaMushaf
(ArabicQur'an).
Asforbreakingwind,touchingone'sprivateparts,eatingcamelmeat,andsleepingallof
thesemattersdonotentailIstinja'(cleaningone'sgenitals).Itisnotprescribedtoperform
Istinja'duetosuchmatters.RathertheyjustentailperformingWudu':washingone'sface,
rinsingthemouth,inhalationofwater,washingthehandstotheelbows,wipingthehead
alongwiththetwoears,andwashingthefeettotheankles.
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RulingonWudu'forawomanhavingvaginaldischarge
YourEminenceShaykhÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaz,mayAllahsafeguardyouagainstallevilsand
forgiveyou,yourparents,andallMuslims,Amen.
Weareagroupofwomensufferingfromvaginaldischarge.Ourquestionis:Areweobligedto
performWudu'(ablution)foreverySalah(Prayer),knowingthatthiscanbehardforustodo?
Please,guideus,mayAllahrewardyou!
A : Waàlaykumassalamwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,and
Ifthementionedvaginaldischargeisoftencontinuous,theneverywomansufferingfromsuch
vaginaldischargeisobligedtoperformWudu'foreverySalahatitsduetime,thesameasa
womaninIstihadah(abnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod)
andapersonsufferingfromurinaryincontinence.Butifsuchvaginaldischargehappens
sometimesnotcontinualtherulingthenisthesameasurine,thatis,wheneverithappens
itnullifiesWudu',evenduringperformingSalah.
MayAllahguideusalltowhatpleasesHim!MayAllahgrantyouandusrecoveryfromevery
illness,HeisAllHearingandEverNear.
AssalamuÀlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh!
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FeelingdropsofurineduringSalah
Q:ThefollowinginquiryisposedbyasisterfromRiyadhwhereinshesays:Iameighteen
yearsold.Fortwoyearsnow,ithappensthatwheneverIstartperformingSalah(Prayer),I
feelasifurinecomesout.Suchacasecontinueswithmeoften.Appreciateyourguidance!
A : ThisfeelingrendersneitherWudu'(ablution)norSalahinvalid,becausethisisjustSatanic
insinuations.Consequently,yourSalahisvalidandsuchinsinuationsdonotharmyouexceptif
youaresurethatyouhavedischargedurine.
Ifyouaresureofthat,youareobligedtoperformIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswith
waterafterurinationordefecation),Wudu',andSalahagainafterwashingwhathaveafflicted
yourbodyandclothesofurine.Illusionsandinsinuations,ontheotherhand,shouldnot
attracttheleastofyourattention,andyourSalahisvalid.
YoushouldbewareofsuchinsinuationsandshouldbusyyourselfwithperformingSalah
properlyandwithKhushu`(theheartbeingattunedtotheactofworship).Youshouldkeep
awayfromsuchinsinuationsinorderforthemnottohauntyou.
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Rulingonwhitedischargeaftermenstruation
Q:AsisterfromAbhaaskswhetherthewhitedischargesheseesaftertheendof
menstruationnullifiesWudu'(ablution)ornot.
A : WhatevercomesoutfromtheurethraoranusofmenandwomennullifiesWudu'duetothe
followingAyah(Qur'anicverse)inwhichAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Butifyouareilloronajourney,or
anyofyoucomesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(i.e.sexualintercourse),andyoufindno
water,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: TheSalahofnoneamongyouwillbeacceptediftheyareinastateof(minor)ritualimpurityuntiltheyperform
Wudu'. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
Amanorwomanbecomesinastateofminorritualimpuritywheneveranythingcomesout
fromtheurethraoranus,whetherurine,stoolorotherdischarges.Thisrequiresthemto
makeIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)before
performingWudu'.BreakingwindnecessitatesperformingWudu'onlynamelywashingthe
faceandthehands,wipingtheheadandwashingtheearsandfeet.Thisisbasedonevidence
fromtheQur'anandpurifiedSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet).
Eatingcamelmeat,sleepingortheothercaseswhichcauseunconsciousness,andtouchingthe
privatepartswiththehandhavethesamerulingasbreakingwind.Thesenullifiersrequirea
MuslimtoperformWudu'only,withouthavingtomakeIstinja'.Therulingoftouchingprivate
partsapplieswhenoneeithertouchestheirownprivatepartsortheprivatepartsof
somebodyelsesuchasababy,wife,etc.
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Whatistherulingonamanshakinghandswithawomanwhoismarriageabletohim?Does
thisnullifyWudu'?
Q:Mr.M.R.Y.fromDarà,Syria,asks,"Iwassittinginanassemblywhichincludeda
religiouslywellinformedShaykh.Afterawhile,awomanenteredandshookhandswithall
thepeoplepresent.Then,whenMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)saidtheAdhan(calltoprayer)of
Ìsha'(Night)Prayer,theShaykhstoodandofferedSalah(prayer).AfterhefinishedSalah,I
askedhimwhetheritispermissibleforapersonshakinghandswithawomantoofferSalah
withoutperformingWudu'(ritualablution),hesaid,"Ifthereareno
evilintentionswitheitherofthem,itispermissibleforthemtoofferSalahwithoutperforming
Wudu'followingshakinghandswithoneanother."Whatisyourviewregardingthis?
A : Itisnotpermissibleforamantoshakehandswithamarriageablewomanaccordingtothe
Prophet'ssaying, Idonotshakehandswithwomen. Àishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)alsosaid,
ByAllah,thehandofAllahsMessenger(peacebeuponhim)nevertouchedthehandofanywoman,butheonlyusedtotaketheir
pledgeofallegianceorally. ThisactmaymotivateFitnah(temptation).
AsforthequestionwhethertouchingawomaninvalidatesWudu',scholarsdisagreed
concerningthisbutthecorrectopinionisthatitdoesnotinvalidateWudu'whetheritis
accompaniedbysexualdesireornot.Itisreportedthat Allah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)kissedsome
ofhiswivesandofferedSalahwithoutperformingablution. Inaddition,theoriginalrulingisthatWudu'isnot
nullifiedexceptbyexplicitauthenticevidence.Thereisnoexplicitauthenticevidencethat
impliestheinvalidityofWudu'bytouchingawoman.Moreover,thisisdifficulttoavoid.Ifitis
toinvalidateWudu',theProphet(peacebeuponhim)wouldhaveclarifieditclearly.
AsforAllah'sSaying, oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itreferstosexual

intercourseaccordingtoIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)andagroupofscholars.
Touchingthehandisnotmeantbythisevidenceasstatedbythemostauthenticofthetwo
opinionsofscholars.
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DoestouchingamarriageablewomannullifyWudu'?
Q:Mrs.S.A.M.fromShubra,Egypt,asks,"Whatistherulingonamantouchinga
marriageablewomanwithhishanddirectlywithoutabarrierinbetween?
DoesitinvalidateWudu'?WhatismeantbyAjnabiyyah(womanlawfulforthemantomarry)?
A : TouchingawomanbyamandoesnotinvalidatetheWudu'(ablution),accordingtothe
mostauthenticviewsofthescholarsinthisregard.Itisauthenticallyreportedthat Allah's
Messenger(peacebeuponhim)kissedsomeofhiswivesandofferedSalahwithoutperformingablution.
Itisnotpermissibleforawomantoshakehandswithamanotherthanthoseunmarriageable
toher.Likewise,amanisnotallowedtoshakehandswithawomanotherthanthose
unmarriageabletohimaccordingtotheProphet'ssaying, Idonotshakehandswithwomen. Itis
authenticallyreportedontheauthorityofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher), TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)wastakingthepledgeofallegiancefromwomenthroughwordsonly.Sheaffirmedthathishandsdidnottouch
anywomanatall.
Allah(mayHebeExaltedandGlorified)said, IndeedintheMessengerofAllh(Muhammad)
youhaveagoodexampletofollow
Moreover,shakinghandswithwomenmotivatesFitnah(temptation)forallofthem.The
Shariàh(IslamicLaw)aimsatblockingthemeansleadingtoprohibitedmatters.
ItisthusevidentthattheAjnabiyyahreferstothewomanwhoisallowedformantomarry,
asthereisnolegalpreventionsuchaskinshiporlegalcause.Therearewomenwhoarenot
permissibleformentomarryowingtokinshipsuchasmothers,paternalaunts,andmaternal
aunts,oroutoflegalcausesuchassucklingorrelationshipbymarriage.
AllahistheOneWhobringssuccess.
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TouchingawomanwhenhavingperformedWudu'
Q:ApersonfromSyriawholivesinKuwaitsays,"TheMadhhab(SchoolofJurisprudence)of
ImamAlShafi`y(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)statesthattouchingwomennullifies
Wudu'(ablution)?Whoarethewomenmeantinthiscontext?DoestouchingMahram
(unmarriageable)women,whohavenotreachedmaturity,nullifyWudu'?
A : ThereisadifferenceamongthescholarsconcerningthenullificationofWudu'bytouchinga
woman:
SomemaintainthatitnullifiesWudu',suchasImamAlShafi`y(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim).
OthersholdtheviewthatitnevernullifiesWudu'.ThisistheopinionofAbuHanifah(mayAllahbe
mercifulwithhim).
OthersgivesomeinterpretationsayingthattouchingawomanmakesWudu'nullandvoidonly
ifaccompaniedwithsexualdesireandenjoyment.ThisistheviewofImamAhmad(mayAllahbe
mercifulwithhim).
Thecorrectopinion,whichissupportedbyevidence,isthattouchingawomandoesnotnullify
Wudu'inanycase,whetheraccompaniedbysexualdesireornot,providedthatapersondoes
notdischargeanything.Itwasreportedthat Allah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)kissedsomeofhiswivesand
offeredSalah(Prayer)withoutperformingWudu'. Inaddition,thebasicruleisthecontinuationofTaharah
(ritualpurification)andthedischargeofobligationfromperformingWudu'again.Therefore,
performingWudu'doesnotbecomeobligatoryunlesssoexpressedinanirrefutableevidence.
Also,womenarefoundeverywhereandtheyarelikelytobetouchedbyhusbandsorMahram
men.IftouchingawomannullifiesWudu',theProphet(peacebeuponhim)wouldhave
elaboratedonitclearly.AsforAllah'sSaying: oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) or
accordingtoanotherrecitationof
theQur'an: oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itreferstosexualintercourse,

becauseAllahusesthiswordinplaceofsexualintercourseasHe(GlorifiedbeHe)uses
touchinginplaceofsexualintercourseinanotherAyah(Qur'anicverse).Thisistheopinionof
IbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)andagroupofscholars,whichistherightviewin
thematter.
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DoesamantouchinghismotherorsisterinvalidateWudu'?
Q:Mr.À.À.fromIraqasks,"IfamanperformsWudu'(ritualablution)andthentoucheshis
mother,sister,andthelike,ishisWudu'invalidated?
A : ThecorrectviewisthattouchingawomandoesnotinvalidateWudu'(ritualablution),
whethersheishiswifeorothers.Thisisthesoundopinionamongthescholars,forthereare
differentviewsonthisquestion.Therearethreeviews:
First:TouchingawomaninvalidatesWudu'inallcases.
Second:Itdoesnotinvalidateitatall.
Third:Thereissomedetailhereifitisaccompaniedbysexualdrive,itnullifiesWudu',
otherwiseitdoesnot.
ThepreponderantviewisthatitdoesnotnullifyWudu'inanycase,asitisinparallelwith
whatisreportedthat Allah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)kissedsomeofhiswivesandofferedSalahwithout
performingablution. Moreover,thevalidityofritualpurificationisnottoberemovedexceptwith
clearevidence.Infact,touchingwomenisamongthingsthatarewidespreadeverywhere,
especiallyhouses.Therefore,ifitwastomakeWudu'nullandvoid,theprophetwouldhave
statedthatclearlyandnotignoredit,forhe(peacebeuponhim)hasconveyedtheMessage
clearly.
WithregardtoAllah'sSayinginSurahAlNisa'andSurahAlMa'idah, oryouhavebeenincontactwith
women(bysexualrelations) itreferstosexualintercourse,accordingtoIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)andalargenumberofscholars.
TheAyah(Qur'anicverse)referstosexualintercourse,accordingtothepreponderantviewsof
scholars.However,ifpreseminalfluidcomesoutofapersonatthetimeoftouching,his/her
Wudu'becomesinvalidandtheyarerequiredtowashtheirgenitalsandafterthatperform
Wudu'inordertoofferSalah(Prayer).AllahistheOneWhobringssuccess.
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Doestouchingawife,oranotherwoman,withorwithoutsexualdesiremakeWudu'nulland
void?
Q:Doestouchingawifeorawomanotherthanher,withorwithoutsexualdesiremakeWudu'
nullandvoid?
A:Thereisadifferenceamongscholarsconcerningthisissue.
Thesoundopinionisthatitdoesnothaveanyeffectonone'sWudu'(ritualablution)whether
accompaniedwithsexualdriveornotandwhethersheisawifeoranotherwomanprovided
thatonedoesnothavepreseminaldischargeoranythingelse.Thisisbecauseitisnarrated
t h a t TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtokisssomeofhiswivesthenofferSalah(Prayer)withoutperformingablution. The
originalrulingisthevalidityandcontinuityofritualpurificationsoitisnotpermissibleto
deemitasinvalidexceptwithaprovenlegalnullificationandthereisnoevidenceinthe
ShariàhindicatingthenullificationofWudu'bymeretouching.
WithregardtoAllah'sSaying, oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itmeanssexual

intercourse,accordingtothemostsoundopinionofscholars,suchasIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleased
withhim)andagroupofscholars.Themeaningisnotmeretouching.Ifitwasjustamatterof
touching,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)wouldhaveindicatedit,becauseAllahsenthimas
ateacher.ItisalsonarratedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) usedtokisssomeofhiswivesthen
offerSalahwithoutperformingablution.
Allahknowsbest.
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Whethertouchingbathroomtiles,toilets,andchildrensclothingwettedwithurineinvalidates
Wudu
Q:SMfromJeddahsays:TherearemanythingsthatoccuronadailybasisandIdonotknow
whethertheyinvalidateWudu(ablution)ornot.Iwillmentionthemonebyoneandhope
thatyouwillexplainwhichinvalidateWuduandwhichdonot.Imeanthingssuchastouching
thetoiletinthebathroom,standingbarefootinthebathroom,touchingchildrensclothing
thatiswetwithurine,touchingorkissingahusband,andeatinganddrinkingdirectlyafter
WuduandbeforeofferingSalah(Prayer).
A:First:touchingsanitarywareandbathroomtilesbarefootdoesnot
invalidateWudu, evenifthereisNajasah(impurity)onthefloorandamanorawoman
treadsonitthisdoesnotinvalidateWudu.However,theyshouldwashtheirfeetiftheytread
onitwhileitisstillwetortheirfeetarewet.
Second:touchingchildrensclothingthatiswetwithurinedoesnotinvalidateWudu.
However,anyonewhotouchestheclothingwhileitisstillwetshouldwashtheirhands.Thisis
alsosoiftheclothesaredryandthehandsarewettheyshouldwashtheirhands.
Third:kissingandtouchingbetweenspousesdoesnotinvalidateWudu,accordingtothemore
correctofthetwoopinionmaintainedbythescholars.Thisissowhetheritisdonethrough
lustornot,aslongasnoManiy(sperm/vaginalsecretionsthatarereleasedonorgasm)or
Madhy(thinwhiteviscidfluidsecretedduetosexualthoughtsordesire)isdischarged.This
alsoappliesunlessoneofthemtouchestheothersprivateparts,asthisdoesinvalidate
Wudu.
A s f o r A l l a hs s a y i n g : oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) Thisrefersto
Jima (conjugalintercourse),accordingtothemostcorrectopinionoftheMufassirs(exegetes
oftheQuran),aswasexplainedbyIbnAbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)andmany
otherscholars.ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)
t h a t He(peacebeuponhim)kissedsomeofhiswivesandthenofferedSalah(Prayer)withoutperformingWudu. However,
ifanyMadhyisdischarged,isobligatorythattheprivatepartsshouldbewashedandWudu
performed.IfanyManiyisdischarged,itisobligatorythatGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajor
ritualimpurity)shouldbeperformed.
Fourth:eatingordrinkingdirectlyafterperformingWudu andbeforeSalahdoesnot
invalidateWudu, andthereisnoproblemindoingso,unlessyoueatcamelsmeat,asthis
invalidatesWudu.
Asformutton,beef,game,andotherlawfulmeats,theydonotinvalidateWudu.Itisonly
camelmeatthatinvalidatesWudu,accordingtowhattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said,
PerformWudu aftereatingcamelmeat,butdonotperformWuduaftereatingmutton. AmanaskedtheMessengerofAllah
(peacebeuponhim)saying, ShouldIperformWuduaftereatingmutton.He(peacebeuponhim)said,Ifyouwish,perform
Wudu andifyoudonotwish,donotperformWudu.Themanthenasked,ShouldIperformWuduaftereatingcamelmeat.He
(peacebeuponhim)replied,Yes,performWuduaftereatingcamelmeat. (RelatedbyMusliminhis"Sahih[Book
ofAuthenticHadith]")
Fifth:touchingstrangersafterWuduneedstobeclarifiedindetail.Awomanisnotallowedto
touchmenwhoarestrangersiftheyarenonMahrams(notaspouseoranunmarriageable
relative).However,ifithappensthatshetouchesamanshandsorfeet,thisdoesnot
invalidateherWudu. Thesameappliesifawomantouchesherbrothers,fathersoruncles
handorkissestheirhead,nose,etc.,thisdoesnotinvalidateWudueither.
However,asfornonMahrams,awomanisnotallowedtotouchtheirhands,shakehandswith
them,ortouchanypartoftheirbody,noraretheyallowedtotouchher.Sheshouldonlygreet
them,verbally,suchasbysaying:"Howareyou?""Assalamualaykumwarahmatullah
wabarakatuh(MayAllahsPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)""Howareyourchildren
andfamily?"andsoon,withoutshakinghands,revealingherface,orhavinganyformof
physicalcontact.Infactitisobligatorythatsheshouldcoverherface,hair,andbody,andonly
greetmenverbally,aspreviouslymentioned.
Sixth:Asforforeplayingwithyourhusband,thisisfineandMashru(Islamicallyacceptable).
Itispermissibleforawifetoforeplaywithherhusband,andahusbandwithhiswifethisis
theSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)astheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)
usedtocaresshiswivesandthisdidnotinvalidatehisWudu,iftheactofforeplayislike www.ircpk.com
kissing.
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AdoctortouchingtheprivatepartsofapatientinvalidatesWudu'
Q:Adoctor'sjobsometimesnecessitatesseeingapatient'sÀwrah(privatepartsofthebody
thatmustbecoveredinpublic)ortouchingitduringexaminations.Duringsurgicaloperations,
asurgeonmayworkamidbloodandurine.MustherepeatWudu'(ablution)inthiscaseorisit
merelybettertodoso?
A : Thereisnoharminadoctor'stouchingandlookingattheÀwrahofapatientwhen
necessary,whetheritistheurethraortheanus.Thereisnoharmalsointouchingbloodin
caseofnecessitywhentreatingawoundorexaminingit.Heshouldthenwashhishands.
Wudu'(ablution)isnotinvalidatedbytouchingbloodorurine.However,itisinvalidatedby
touchingÀwrah,whetheritisvulvaoranus.Touchingblood,urine,orotherformsofNajasah
(ritualimpurity)doesnotinvalidateWudu',buttouchingtheprivatepartswithoutabarrier
does,accordingtothestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim), Ifapersontouchestheirprivate
partswithoutabarrier,theymustperformWudu'.
Thesameappliestoafemaledoctorifshetouchesawoman'sprivatepartsincaseof
necessity,thisinvalidatesherWudu'ifsheisTahir(ceremoniallypure).
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DoessleepinginvalidatesWudu'?
Q:Questioner,UmmKhalid,inquiresaboutthefollowing:Awomanperformed
Wudu'(ablution)andthensleptinthecaronherwaytoMakkah.Then,sheperformedTawaf
(circumambulationaroundtheKa`bah)withoutrepeatingWudu'.SheperformedTamattu`
Hajj(combiningHajjandÙmrahwithabreakinbetween)untilshefinishedHajjritesand
thenendedthestateofIhram.Whatshouldshedo?MayAllahrewardyou.
A:IntheNameofAllah,andPraisebetoAllah.
Ifshejusttookanap,thereisnoharminthis,asdozingdoesnotinvalidateWudu'.However,
ifshesleptdeeplyinamannerthatinvalidatesWudu',sheisliketheonewhodidnot
circumambulatearoundtheKa`bah.Therefore,sheisconsideredasifshehadperformed
QiranHajj(combiningHajjandÙmrahsimultaneously).Inthiscase,TawafulIfadah(final
obligatorycircumambulationaroundtheKa`bahinHajj)andSa`yulIfadah(finalgoing
betweenSafaandMarwahduringHajjandÙmrah)sufficeherinsteadofthesetworites
(TawafandSa`yofÙmrah)whichshemissed(ifshesleptdeeplyandtheninvalidatedher
Wudu'andthereforeTawaf)inÙmrah.PraisebetoAllah.
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DoesnappinginvalidateWudu'?
Q:Awomanisasking:AfterIofferSalatulDuha(supererogatoryPrayeraftersunrise)and
whilewaitingforZhuhr(Noon)Prayer,Igetovertakenbysleep.IsmyWudu'(ablution)
nullifiedinthiscaseornot?
A : Wudu'isnotnullifiedbynapping,ratherbyheavysleepduringwhichapersonloses
consciousness,for duringthelifetimeoftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim),theSahabah(Companionsofthe
Prophet)(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)usedtowaitforÌsha'(Night)Prayerwhiletheyweredozing,thentheywouldofferSalah
withoutperformingWudu'. However,Wudu'isnullifiedbyheavysleepinwhichapersonloses
sensation.Thereforesister,youshouldbefullyawareofthedifferencebetweenheavysleep
inwhichapersonlosesfeelingsandnapping.
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Istinja'orWudu':WhichisrequiredforperformingSalahuponwakingup?
Q:ShouldaMuslimafterwakingupmakeIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafter
urinationordefecation)beforedoingWudu'(ablution)ordoingWudu'onlyisenough?
A:InthenameofAllahandpraisebetoAllah.
WhoeverwakesupwithouthavingdischargedanyurineorfeceshasonlytomakeWudu'but
notIstinja'beforeperformingSalah(Prayer).Thesameappliestowhoeverpasseswind,
touchestheprivatepartsoreatscamelmeat.Theyhavetowashthefaceandthehands,wipe
theheadandwashtheearsandfeet.MakingIstinja'isnotrequiredexceptwhendischarging
urineorfeces.
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Deepsleeprendersone'sWudu'(ablution)invalid
Q:IsawsomepeoplegotosleepintheSacredHouseofAllahbeforeZhuhr(Noon)orÀsr
(Afternoon)Prayers,forexample,thensomeonecomestowakethemuptoperformSalah.
TheywakeupandperformSalahwithoutperformingWudu'(ablution).Thesamethingisalso
donebysomewomen.Whatistherulingregardingthis?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllah
guideyou!
A : Sleepingrendersone'sWudu'(ablution)invalidontheconditionthatitissodeepthatone
losesconsciousness.ItwasnarratedbythehonorableCompanionSafwanIbnÀssalAlMurady(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim)thathesaid: TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)usedtoinstructuswhenwe
wereonajourneynottotakeourKhuffs(leathersocks)offforthreedaysandthreenightsexcept(tobathe)fromJanabah(major
ritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge).Wedidnothavetodosotopurifyourselvesaftersleeping,urinatingordefecating.
(NarratedbyAlNasa'yandAlTirmidhyandregardedasSahih(authentic)byIbnKhuzaymah)
ItwasalsonarratedbyMuàwiyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said: Theeyesaresignsofsleeping,ifonesleepsfully,heshouldperformablution. (NarratedbyAhmad
andAlTabarany)ThoughtheSanad(chainofnarrators)ofthisHadithisweak,yetithasother
proofsbackingit,suchastheHadithmentionedabovenarratedbySafwan,whichrendersita
HadithHasan(aHadithwhosechainofnarrationcontainsanarratorwithweakexactitude,
butisfreefromeccentricityorblemish).
Consequently,itshouldbeknownthatthosemenandwomenwhosleepinAlMasjidAlHaramorin
anyotherplacehavebrokentheirpurificationandhavetoperformWudu'(ablution).Thusif
theyofferSalahwithoutperformingWudu'(ablution),thentheirSalahisinvalid.TheWudu'
prescribedinShariàhis:washingone'sface,rinsingtheirmouth,inhalingwater,washing
bothone'shandsuptotheelbows,wipingtheheadalongwiththetwoears,andwashingthe
twofeetuptoandalongwiththetwoankles.ThereisnoneedtoperformIstinja'(cleansing
theprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)duetosleepingoranythingelse
suchasbreakingwind,touchingone'sprivateparts(withoutabarrier),oreatingcamelmeat.
Istinja'orIstijmar(cleansingtheprivatepartswithhardmaterialafterurinationor
defecation)isobligatoryduetopassingurineorexcretioninparticular,oranythinglikethem,
beforeperformingWudu'(ablution).
Butasfordozing,itdoesnotnullifyWudu'(ablution)becauseitdoesnotinvolvelosingone's
consciousness.Thus,unanimityisachievedbytheHadithsclassifiedunderthisissue.
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RulingonthevalidityoftheWudu'forthepeoplewhofallincomaforsometime
Q:WhatistherulingonthevalidityoftheWudu'ofthosewhoexperienceacoma?
A : Thisneedsfurtherelaboration.Thereisnothingwrongwiththisaslongasittakesplace
forashortwhile,apersondoesnotloseconsciousnessorbecomeunawarewhenpassing
wind,suchasapersonnappingwhosefullsensesarekeptalert.Thus,thereisnoharminthat
untilapersonbecomessureofbreakinghisWudu'.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonsuffereda
deepcomaandlostallfeelings,likeadrunkenpersonoroneinfectedwithanillnessleading
tothelossofconsciousness,thenWudu'becomesnullified,likethepersonwhofaintsoris
epilepsyattacked.
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ArechildrenobligedtoofferWudu'totouchtheMushaf
Tapeno.523
Q:Aquestionfromafemalelistener:G.M.A.Shesays:Iworkasateacherinaprimaryschool
whereIteachtheQur'antogirlsinclasstwo.Theyareyoung,sotheydonotmaster
Wudu'(ablution),theymaynotevencaretodoso.But,theytouchtheMushaf(ArabicQur'an)
andrepeataftermeinrecitationwithoutperformingWudu'.Isthereasinuponmeforthis,
eventhoughIhavetaughtthemhowtoperformWudu'?
A : Ifthesegirlsareabovesevenyearsold,theyshouldlearnhowtoperformWudu',thenbe
allowedtotouchtheMushaf.Iftheyareyounger,theirWudu'isnotvalidandtheyarenot
obligedtodoso.Rather,theinstructedAyahs(Qur'anicverses)aretobedictatedforthemon
boardsandpapers.TheyshouldnottouchtheMushaf.ThisshallsufficeforthemInshaa
Allah(ifAllahwills).Theyshouldstriveinthatatthisstage.Yourdutyistodirect,guide,and
instructthem.MayAllahrewardyouwell.
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PerformingWudu'forthepurposeofrecitingtheQur'an
Q:AquestionerisaskingaboutperformingWudu'forthepurposeofrecitingtheQur'an.
A : TheNobleQur'anisAllah'sWord(mayHebeExaltedandGlorified),itisthegreatestBook
ofallandtheLastDivineBookrevealed.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)honorsitsaying:
That(this)isindeedanhonourablerecitation(theNobleQurn). InaBookwellguarded(withAllhintheheaveni.e.AlLauhAl
Mahfz). Which(thatBookwithAllh)nonecantouchbutthepurified(i.e.theangels). ARevelation(thisQurn)fromtheLord
ItisrelatedinaHadiththattheProphet(peacebeupon
ofthe Alamn(mankind,jinnandallthatexists).
him) wrotetothepeopleofYemen:ThatnooneshouldtouchtheQur'anexceptiftheyareTahir(rituallypure). The
companionsoftheprophet(peacebeuponthem)hadalsodeclaredFatwastothateffect.
ThisiswhythemajorityofscholarsfromtheFourMadhhabs(Hanafy,Maliky,Shafi`y,and
Hanbaly)declaredtheimpermissibilityoftouchingtheQur'anunlessapersonisTahirfrom
bothmajorandminorimpurities.Moreover,itisabsolutelyimpermissibleforaJunub(a
personinastateofmajorritualimpurity)toreciteituntiltheyperformGhusl(ritualbath
followingmajorritualimpurity),andthisisthecorrectopinion.
ApersoninastateofminorritualimpuritycanrecitetheQur'anfrommemorybutnotfroma
Mushaf.Ontheotherhand,whoeverundergoesmajorritualimpurityisnotallowedtorecite
theQur'anuntiltheyperformGhusl,fortheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)didnotrefrain
fromrecitingQur'anexceptduringthestateofJanabah,asauthenticallyprovenonthe
authorityofÀly(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thathesaid: NothingwastohindertheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)fromrecitingtheQur'anexceptJanabah.
However,scholarsdisagreedonwhetherornotamenstruatingwomanoroneinpostpartum
periodfallsunderthesamerulingofaJunub.
ThemajoritygavethemthesamerulingasaJunubandabsolutelyprohibitedtheirrecitation
ofQur'anuntiltheybecomepurified.ThiswasmentionedinaHadithrelatedbyAbuDawud,on
theauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)thattheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said, AmenstruatingwomanoraJunubisnottoreciteanythingfromtheQur'an.
Otherssaidthatitispermissibleforthemtorecitefrommemory,sincetheirperiodlastsfora
whileandtheyhavenocontroloversuchathing,unlikeaJunub.Thisisthecorrectopinion.It
isreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) ordainedÀishahwhenshewasmenstruating,duringthe
FarewellHajj,toobserveallactsobservedbyapilgrimexceptTawaf(circumambulationaroundtheKa`bah). Nevertheless,
hedidnotpreventherfromrecitingQur'an.Overandabove,comparingaJunubononehand
toamenstruatingwomanorawomaninherpostnatalperiodontheotherhandisnottrueto
thegreatdifferencebetweenbothcases.AsforthementionedHadithofIbnÙmar,itisDaìf
(weak),accordingtotheopinionofscholars,foritwasreportedbyIsmaìlIbnÀyyashonthe
authorityofMusaIbnÙqbah,whobelongedtothepeopleofHijaz,andthenarrationofIsmaìlfromother
thanthepeopleofLevantisweak.
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HoldingacopyoftheexegesisoftheNobleQur'anwithoutbeinginastateofTaharah
Q:AbrotherfromRiyadhasks:IsitpermissibletoholdacopyoftheexegesisoftheNoble
Qur'anwithoutbeinginastateofTaharah(ritualpurification),meaningtheMushaf(Arabic
Qur'an)withexegesisfootnotes?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou!
A : Itispermissibletoholdthebooksof(Qur'an)exegesiswithoutabarrierandwithoutbeing
inastateofTaharah,becausetheyarenottobecalledMushafs.AsforaMushafcontaining
theNobleQur'anexclusively,itisimpermissibletotouchitonthepartofapersonwhoisnot
inastateofTaharah,becauseAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: That(this)isindeedan
honourablerecitation(theNobleQurn). InaBookwellguarded(withAllhintheheaveni.e.AlLauhAlMahfz). Which(that
BookwithAllh)nonecantouchbutthepurified(i.e.theangels).
TheProphet(Peacebeuponhim)said: NoneshouldtouchtheQuranexceptonewhoispure.
ThebasisofabsolutepurificationaccordingtoShariàhis:beingpureofboththeminorand
majorritualimpurities,aswasunderstoodbytheCompanionsoftheProphet(Peacebeupon
him).Itisnotrecorded,asfarasweknow,thatanyoneofthemtouchedaMushafwithout
beinginastateofTaharah.ThisistheopinionofthemajorityofMuslimscholarsanditisthe
soundest.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingontouchingaMushaf(ArabicQur'an)withoutperformingWudu'(ablution)
Q:WhatistherulingontouchingaMushaf(ArabicQur'an)ormovingitfromaplaceto
anotherwithoutperformingWudu'(ablution)?WhatistherulingonrecitingtheNobleQur'an
whileinsuchastate?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforaMuslimtotouchaMushafwithoutperformingWudu'accordingto
theviewpointofthemajorityofMuslimscholars,includingtheFourImams(AbuHanifah,
Malik,AlShafi`y,andAhmad).MoreoversuchanopinionwasgivenbytheCompanionsofthe
Prophet(Peacebeuponhim)whenbeingaskedforFatwa.ThereisaSahih(authentic)Hadith
inthisregardnarratedontheauthorityofÀmrIbnHazm(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that
theProphet(peacebeuponhim): wrotetothepeopleofYemen:"NooneshouldtouchtheQur'anunlesshe/sheis
Tahir(rituallypure)." ThisHadithisreliableandhasseveralSanads(chainsofnarrators)supporting
eachother.
Accordingly,itisimpermissibleforaMuslimtotouchtheMushafunlessheorsheisinastate
ofTaharah(ritualpurification).Thesameappliestomovingitfromaplacetoanotherone
shouldbeinastateofTaharah.
But,iftouchingormovingitoccursthroughameanssuchasawrapping,cover,orahanger,
thereisnoharminthis.However,touchingitdirectlywithoutbeinginastateofTaharahis
impermissible,accordingtothesoundestopinionofscholars.Regardingrecitation,itis
permissibleforoneinastateofminorritualimpuritytoreciteQur'anfrommemoryorreadit
withouttouchingtheMushafwithsomeoneelsecorrectingandremindingwhennecessary.
However,aJunub(inastateofmajorritualimpurity)mustnotreciteit,foritisauthentically
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) usedtonotquitrecitationexceptifhewasJunub. Itisalso
relatedbyAhmadwithagoodSanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityof`Àly(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) recitedsomeoftheQur'anafterfinishingdefecation
andsaid:"ThisisfortheonewhoisnotJunubwhereastheJunubisnottoreciteevenoneAyah."
ThismeansthatapersoninastateofJanabahmustnotreadfromaMushaf,orevenfrom
memory,untiltheyhavebathed.ButthestateofminorimpurityallowsaMuslimtorecite
frommemorywithouttouchingtheMushaf.
Forwomeninmenstruationorpostpartumperiod,
therearedifferentopinionsamongscholarsinthisregard.SomeheldthatsheislikeaJunub
andmustnotreciteQur'an.
OthersheldthatsheispermittedtoreciteQur'anfrommemorywithouttouchingaMushaf,
forpostpartumormenstruationperiodsarelongerthanJanabah.AJunubcanbatheatonce
andreciteQur'animmediately.However,awomaninmenstruationorpostpartumperiod
cannotdothisexceptafterfinishinghermensesandreturningtoastateofTaharah.
Therefore,itisnotpropertocomparehertoaJunub.
Thecorrectopinionisthatthereisnoprohibitionforrecitingfrommemory.Thisisthemost
preponderantopinion,forthereisnolegalevidenceprovingitsprohibition.Rather,they
includewhatindicatesotherwise.ItisauthenticallyproveninthetwoSahih(authentic)Books
ofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) toldÀishahwhenshe
beganmenstruatingduringHajj:"PerformallthatapilgrimdoesexceptforofferingTawafaroundtheKabahuntilyouarepurified
(frommenses)." ApilgrimrecitesQur'anandisnotexcludedbytheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
Therefore,thisindicatespermissibilityofrecitationforwomen.Similarly,hetoldAsma'BintÙmais
thesamewhenshegavebirthtoMuhammadibnAbuBakrattheMiqat(siteforenteringtheritual
stateforHajjandÙmrah)duringFarewellHajj.Accordingly,thisindicatesthata
menstruatingwomanorawomanduringpostpartummayreciteQur'anwithouttouchingthe
Mushaf.
ButwithregardtotheHadithnarratedbyIbnÙmarthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
stated: AmenstruatingwomanoraJunubmustnotreciteanythingoftheQur'an itisaDaìfHadith(aHadiththat
failstoreachthestatusofHasanduetoaweaknessinthechainofnarrationoroneofthe
narratorsweak),asitincludesIsmaìlibnÀyyashontheauthorityofMusaibnÙqbahinitsSanad(chainof
narrators)andscholarsrankedthereportsofIsmaìlfromthepeopleofHijazasDaìf.They
holdthathisSanadisgoodwhenreportingfromthepeopleofAlSham(TheLevant)hismother
country,butitisDaìfwhenreportingfromthepeopleofHijaz.ThisHadithwasnarratedfrom www.ircpk.com
thepeopleofHijaz,thereforeitisDaìf.
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RulingontouchingtheQur'anbyaJunub
Q:CanaJunub(onewhoisinastateofmajorritualimpurity)readQur'anfrommemory?Ifit
isnotpermissible,canhelistentoit?
A : ItisnotlawfulforaJunubtorecitetheNobleQur'anneitherfromaMushaf(Arabic
Qur'an)norbyhearttillheperformsGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)
becauseitisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtonotquit
recitationexceptifhewasJunub.
ButasforlisteningtotherecitationoftheNobleQur'an,thereisnoharmindoingso,because
thisimpliesagreatbenefitontheconditionthatyoudonottouchtheMushaforrecitefrom
it.
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RecitingtheQur'anbyapersonnotinastateofTaharah
Q:ThismessagewassentbyaquestionerfromJordan,saying:"IoftenrecitetheQuran,
particularlytheshortQuranicAyahs(verses),frommemory.Sometimes,whenrecitingImay
beinastateofminorimpurity(asaresultofpassingwind,urinationordefecation)ormajor
impurity(asaresultofsexualdischarge).IsitpermissibleformetorecitetheQuranwhilein
suchastate?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou!
A : ItispermissibleforMuslimmenandwomentorecitetheQuranevenwhilenotinastate
ofminorritualpurity,providedthattheyarenotinastateofJanabah(majorritualimpurity
relatedtosexualdischarge).Recitingfrommemoryinthatcaseispermissible,whetherthey
areAyahsorshortSurahs,accordingtothegeneralmeaningofevidence.Buttheymustnot
readdirectlyfromtheMushaf(ArabiccopyoftheQuran)untiltheyperformWudu(ablution)
becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: DonottouchtheQur'anexceptwhenyouareinastateof
Taharah(ritualpurification). ButaJunub(onewhoisinastateofmajorritualimpurity)shouldnot
recitetheQur'an(evenfrommemory)untiltheyperformGhusl(ritualbath).Àly(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)said: TherewasnothingthatpreventedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)from(reciting)theQuran
exceptJanabah. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: AsforapersonwhoisJunub(inastateofmajorritual
impurity),no,notevenoneAyah.
Thus,apersonwhoisinastateofmajorritualimpuritymustnotrecitetheQuranuntilhe
takesacompletebath.Asforwomenexperiencingmenstruationorpostpartumperiod,they
canrecitetheQuranonlyfrommemory,likeonewhoisinastateofminorritualimpurity,
accordingtothemostpreponderantoftwoviewsbyscholars.
SomescholarsheldtheviewthatwomeninthisstatearenotallowedtorecitetheQuran
evenfrommemory,likeonewhoisinastateofJanabah,whichrequirestakingGhusl.The
correctscholarlyview,however,isthattheyarenotconsideredinastateofJanabah,because
theirimpuritylastsformanydayswhichwouldmakeitunpleasantforthemtoabandon
recitationandperhapscausethemtoforgetthepartsthattheyhavememorized.Thus,the
correctscholarlyopinionisthattheycanreciteAyahsfrommemorylikeonewhoisinastate
ofminorritualimpurity.
TheyshouldnotbecomparedaJunubduetothedifferenceswehavementioned.Asforthose
inastateofminorritualimpurity,theyarenotallowedtotouchtheMushafuntiltheypurify
themselves.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Which(thatBookwithAllh)nonecantouchbutthepurified(i.e.the
angels). ThisisbasedononeoftwoopinionsgivenbyscholarsintheirexegesisofthisAyah.
ThisprohibitionisalsosupportedbytheHadithnarratedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peace
beuponhim)inwhichhestated: NoneshouldtouchtheQuranexceptonewhoispure. ThisisaHadith
Hasan(aHadithwhosechainofnarrationcontainsanarratorwithweakexactitude,butis
freefromeccentricityorblemish)thathasseveralSanads(chainsofnarrators)supporting
eachother.
Inconclusion,thoseinastateofJanabah,menstrualandpostpartalwomen,andthoseina
stateofminorimpurity(forpassingwind,urineorstools)arenotallowedtoreadfromthe
Mushaf.Butrecitingfrommemoryisonlypermissibleforthoseinastateofminorritual
impurityandwomenexperiencingmenstruationandpostpartumperiod,andthisisthecorrect
scholarlyview.
AsforapersonwhoisinastateofJanabah,heorsheisnotallowedtoreadfromtheMushaf
norfrommemoryuntilheorsheperformsGhusl.Thisisabriefsummaryofthisimportant
topic.AsfortheHadithnarratedinforbiddingawomanexperiencingmenstruationfrom
recitingtheNobleQur'an,itisaweakHadithnarratedbyAbuDawudontheauthorityofIsmaìlIbn
ÀyyashontheauthorityofMusaIbnÙqbah.Thisnarrator,Musa,isfromHijaz.AndthenarrationsofIsmaìl
ontheauthorityofthepeopleofHijazisDaìf(weak).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DoesshakinghandswithaChristianoraJewnullifyablution?
Q:IfsomeoneperformsWudu'(ablution)inpreparationtoofferSalahandthenshakeshands
withaChristianoraJew,doesthisrendertheirWudu'invalid?Whatistherulingoninvitinga
ChristiantohaveamealinthehouseofaMuslim?
A : IfaMuslimshakeshandswithaChristian,aJew,oranyotherdisbeliever,thenhisWudu'is
notnullified.Yetitisnotforhimneithertoshakehandswiththemnortoinitiategreetingsto
them.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: DonotinitiategreetingstoJewsorChristians. Sinceshaking
handsismuchmoresignificantthaninitiatinggreetings,Muslimsareobligednottoinitiate
greetingsnorshakehandswiththem.IfdisbelieversinitiategreetingaMuslimandthen
shakehandswithhim,thenthereisnoharmonhisparttogreettheminreturn,becausehe
didnotinitiategreetingthembutitistheywhoinitiatedgreetinghim.
Asforinvitingthemforabanquetatone'shome,thisneedssomedetailing:
Ifthepurposeofapersonwhoinvitesthemistoendear,adviseandguidethemtoIslam,
thereisnoharmindoingso.Thesamealsoappliesiftheyareguests.Buttoinvitethemto
havemealsinordertomakefriendshipandamiabilitywiththem,itisnotlawfulforhimtodo
sobecausethereisenmityandhatredbetweenthemandus.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Indeed
therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhm(Abraham)andthosewithhim,whentheysaidtotheirpeople:"Verily,weare
freefromyouandwhateveryouworshipbesidesAllh:wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasstartedbetweenusandyouhostilityand
hatredforeveruntilyoubelieveinAllhAlone" (SurahAlMumtahanah).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DoesansweringagreetingwhileperformingWudu'(ablution)nullifyit?
Q:DoesansweringagreetingwhileperformingWudu'nullifyit?IsitMakruh(reprehensible)?
Please,advise.MayAllahrewardyou!
A : AnsweringagreetingisnotMakruhornullifyWudu'(ablution).Ifsomeonegreetsyou
whileyouareperformingtheprescribedablution,itisobligatoryuponyoutoreturnthe
greetingaccordingtothegeneralevidence.IfyouareinastateofIstinja'(cleansingthe
privatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)toremoveimpuritysomelaypeople
callitWudu'alsothenthereisnoharm,InshaaAllah(ifAllahwills)toreturnthegreeting
duringsuchastate.However,ifyouareinthestateofrelievingyourself,itisbetternotto
returnthegreetinguntilyoufinishandthenreturnthegreetingbecauseoncetheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)receivedgreetingwhilehewasurinating,hedidnotresponduntilhe
finished,performeddryablution,andthenreturnedthegreetingandsaid: Idislikedtoremember
Allahexceptinthestateofpurification.
Inconclusion,ifonereceivesgreetingwhileperformingthelegalWudu'(ablution),i.e.
washingthefaceandthehands,wipingthehead,andwashingthefeetsuchisthelegal
Wudu'(ablution)whichsomepeoplecallAlTamassuhthenitisobligatorytoreturnthe
greeting.Wudu'isnotrenderedinvalidduetoeitherreturningornotreturninggreetings.
Greetingmustbereturned.IfsomeoneisinastateofIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswith
waterafterurinationordefecation),thenthepreponderantopinionistoreturnthegreeting,
becausesuchastatediffersfromthatofrelievingoneselfbutimplyingtouchingNajasah
(ritualimpurity).Yet,thereisnoharmineitherreturningornotreturningthegreetinginsuch
astate.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingonperformingWudu'(ablution)aftereatingcamelmeat
Q:AbrotherfromQatarsaysinhisquestion:"Ihavereadanopinionbysomescholars
claimingthateatingcamel'smeatnullifiesWudu'(ablution).YetIhavealsoreadanother
opinionthatitdoesnotnullifyWudu'.Whichofthetwoopinionsisthepreponderantone?
Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou!"
A : ThecorrectopinionisthatofthosewhosaidthateatingcamelmeatnullifiesWudu'
becauseitisauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid: Perform
Wudu'aftereatingcamelmeatanddonotperformWudu'aftereatingmutton. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)was
asked: ShouldIdoWudu'aftereatingmutton?He(Peacebeuponhim)said,Ifyouwish."Thenthesamepersonasked,"ShouldI
doWudu'aftereatingcamelmeat? he(peacebeuponhim)said, Yes" (NarratedbyImamMusliminhis
Sahih).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingonWudu'afterdrinkingcamelbroth
Q:AquestionerfromHa'il,SaudiArabiainquires:ShouldoneperformWudu'(ablution)after
drinkingcamelbrothorthefoodcookedwithit?
A : ItisnotnecessarytoperformWudu'aftereatingdrinkingcamelbrothormilkhowever,
oneshouldperformWudu'aftereatingcamelmeataccordingtothesoundestoftheopinions
ofscholars.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: PerformWudu'aftereatingcamelmeatanddonot
performitaftereatingmutton. (RelatedbyAhmad,AbuDawudandAlTirmidhy,throughaSahih
(authentic)Sanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofAlBara'ibnÀzib(mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththem))MuslimreportedinhisSahihBookofHadithontheauthorityofJabiribn
Samurah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)that AmanaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whetherheshould
performWudu'after(eating)mutton.He(theProphet)said:"PerformWudu'ifyousodesire,andifyoudonotwish,donotperform
it."He(again)asked:"ShouldIperformWudu'(aftereating)camelflesh?"Hesaid:"Yes." Thebrothisnotcalledmeat,
neitheristhefoodcookedwithitorthemilk.SuchmattersareTawqifiy(boundbyanIslamic
textandnotamenabletopersonalopinion)andQiyas(analogy)hasnothingtodowithit.
Allahknowsbest!
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ThewisdombehindconsideringcamelmeatinvalidatingWudu',andtherulingonitsbrothas
well
Q:WhatisthewisdombehindcamelmeatbeinginvalidatingWudu'(ablution)?Doesitsbroth
invalidateWudu'aswell?
A : ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)thatheaskedusto
performWudu'aftereatingcamelmeat,andhedidnotrevealthewisdombehindittous.We
knowthatAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)isAllKnowingandAllWiseHeprescribesforHisServants
whatensurestheirbenefitinthisworldandintheHereafterandHeforbidswhatharmsthem
inthisworldandintheHereafter.
AMuslimmustacceptAllah'sordersandthoseofHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim)and
applythem,evenifwedonotknowthewisdombehindthem.WearetoobeyAllahandHis
Messenger,aswewerecreatedforthispurpose.Therefore,wemustobeywhilebelievingthat
AllahisAllWiseandAllKnowledgeable.Ifweknowthewisdombehindit,thatofcourseis
evenbetter.
However,milkandbrothofcameldonotinvalidateWudu'whatdoesiscamelmeatonly,
accordingtothestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim), PerformWudu'aftereatingcamelmeat,
butyoudonothavetodoaftereatingmutton. Amanasked, "O,MessengerofAllah!ShouldweperformWudu'aftereating
camelmeat?"Hesaid,"Yes."Themanasked,"Whataboutmutton?"Hesaid,"Ifyouwish." ThesearetwoSahih
(authentic)HadithsthatwereauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
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PassingwindandnosebleedsinvalidateSalah
Q:ItwasmentionedthatvomitingandseverenosebleedsinvalidateWudu'(ablution).Ifone
experiencesanosebleedduringafourRakàhSalah(Prayerconsistingoffourunits),itissaid
thatoneshouldinterruptSalah,repeatWudu',andreturntocompletetheirSalah.Isthis
true?MayAllahrewardyou.
A : PraisebetoAllah,theLordofCreation.MayAllah'speaceandblessingsbeuponour
ProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyandCompanions!
IfonenullifiesWudu'bypassingwindorduetoanosebleedduringSalah,one'sSalahis
invalidatedaccordingtothemostauthenticopinionofscholars,astheProphet(peacebeupon
him)stated, IfanyofyoupasseswindduringSalah,theyshouldinterruptSalah,performWudu'andthenrepeattheSalah.
(RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedby
jurisprudentialthemes)),asmentionedbyAlHafizhibnHajarinBulughAlMarambook.
However,theHadiththatstatesyoushouldresumeyourSalahisweakorDaìf(aHadiththat
failstoreachthestatusofHasan,duetoaweaknessinthechainofnarrationoroneofthe
narrators),asclarifiedalsobyAlHafizhibnHajarinBulughAlMaram.
MayAllahgranteveryonesuccess!Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(May
Allah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
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IfapersonpasseswindduringSalah,theyshouldinterruptit
Q:AninquirerfromRiyadhsays:AmanwasofferingcongregationalSalah(Prayer)inthefirst
row.Hepassedwind,buthecontinuedhisSalahsothathewouldnothavetopassinfrontof
thepeoplewhiletheyareofferingSalahandcausethemtoloseKhushu`(theheartbeing
attunedtotheactofworship).Whatistherulingonthis?
A : MayAllahforgivehim!IfapersonpasseswindorremembersthattheyarenotTahir
(ceremoniallypure)whileofferingSalah,theyshouldinterrupttheirSalah,repeat
Wudu'(ablution)andreturntotheirSalahwiththecongregation.AsfortherowsofMa'mums
(peoplebeingledbyanImaminPrayer),theirSutrah(barrierplacedinfrontofaperson
praying)istheSutrahoftheirImam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer).Thus,thereis
noharminpassinginfrontoftheMa'mums.However,heshouldpassquietly,sothathedoes
notdisturbthem.
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TherulingonapersonwhopasseswindwhileperformingTawaf
Q:KNAfromCairoinquiresaboutamanwhobeganperformingTawaf(circumambulation
aroundtheKa`bah),andthenpassedwind.MustheinterrupthisTawaforcontinue?
A : Ifonepasseswindoremitsurine,dischargesMani(sperm/vaginalsecretionsthatare
releasedonorgasm)ortouchesone'sprivatepartsduringTawaf,Tawafmustbeinterrupted
justlikeSalah(Prayer).OneshouldperformWudu'(ablution)andthencontinueTawaf.Itisa
controversialissue.However,thisisthemostauthenticopinionaccordingtothestatementof
theProphet(peacebeuponhim), IfanyofyoupasseswindduringSalah,theyshouldinterruptit,performWudu',and
repeattheSalah. RelatedbyAbuDawud,andrankedasSahih(authentic)byIbn
Khuzaymah.TawafisaformofSalahingeneral.However,ifoneinterruptsit,suchaswhen
hearingtheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)afterhavingonlyperformedthreeroundsof
Tawaf,theymustofferSalahandthenresumeTawaffromtheplacewherestopped.Theydo
nothavetoreturnto A lHajarAlAswad(theBlackStoneinacorneroftheKa`bah),unlikesomescholars
mentioned,thattheyshouldstarttheroundofTawaffromAlHajarAlAswad.Thecorrectopinionis
thattheydonothaveto.IfafuneralbeginsandtheyoffertheFuneralPrayerifanyonestops
themtotalktothemoriftheystopduetocrowdedness,theycancontinuetheirTawaf,and
thereisnoharminthat.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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ApplyinghennatotheheaddoesnotinvalidateWudu'
Q:IfawomanperformsWudu'(ablution),applieshenna(aplantthatproducesareddish
orangedye)toherheadandthenoffersSalah(Prayer),isherSalahvalidornot?Whenher
Wudu'isinvalidatedbyanymeans,mustshewipeoverthehennaorwashherhairfirstand
thenperformWudu'?
A:UsinghennaontheheaddoesnotinvalidateWudu'ifshehasalreadyperformedit.Thereis
noharminwipingoverherheadifithashennaorbandagesoveritwhileperformingminor
Taharah(ritualpurification)[e.g.ablution.Ed.]
However,inGhusl(ritualbath),awomanshouldpourwateroverherheadthreetimesitis
notenoughtowipeit.ItwasauthenticallyreportedintheSahih(authentic)BookofMuslim on
theauthorityofUmSalamah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thatshesaid,"O,MessengerofAllah!Ihavebraidedhair.ShouldI
unfastenittoperformGhuslafterJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)andmenstruation?"Hesaid,"No,youdo
nothaveto.Itissufficienttopourwateroveryourheadthreetimes,andthusyouwillbeTahir(rituallypure)." Ifshe
unfastensherhairinGhuslaftermenstruation,thiswillbeevenbetter,accordingtoother
Hadithsthatwerementionedinthismatter.
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DoesusingcolognerequirerepeatingWudu'
Q:Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyaboutusingcologne.IsitprescribedforaMuslimwhois
inastateofTaharah(ritualpurification)torepeatWudu'(ablution)afterusingcologneor
washthepartsoftheirbodythatwereaffectedbyit?
A : Colognecontainsalcohol,whichisanintoxicatingsubstanceaccordingtodoctors.
Thereforeitshouldbestbeavoidedandlawfulfragrancesusedinstead.However,youdonot
havetorepeatWudu'afterusingitorwashyourbody,asthereisnoclearevidenceonits
Najasah(ritualimpurity).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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WhethersmokinginvalidatesWudu'
Q:ASHfromSudaninquiresaboutthefollowing:Whatistherulingonamanwhoperforms
Wudu'(ablution),smokesacigaretteandthenoffersSalah(Prayer),especiallyifheisthe
Imam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)?Wetoldhimthatsmokingcigarettes
invalidatesWudu',buthesaidthisisnottrue.
A:SmokingdoesnotinvalidateWudu',butitisHaram(prohibited)andshouldbeabandoned.
However,ifapersonsmokesandthenoffersSalah,neithertheirSalahnortheirWudu'is
invalidated.Cigarettesareoriginallyakindofknownherbs,buttheyareprohibitedbecause
oftheirharm.Apersonwhosmokesshouldquitsmokingandbewareofitsharm.Itis
impermissibletobuycigarettes,smokethemortradeinthem.Apersonwhodoessoshould
performTawbah(repentancetoAllah)accordingtoAllah'ssaying, Theyaskyou(OMuhammad
)whatislawfulforthem(asfood). Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)thensays, Say:"Lawfulunto
youareAtTayyibt[allkindofHall(lawfulgood)foodswhichAllhhasmadelawful(meatofslaughteredeatableanimals,milk
products,fats,vegetablesandfruits)]. Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)madelawfulforusthe
nutritious,helpfulsubstancesonly.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)saysabouttheProphet(peacebe
uponhim), heallowsthemaslawfulAtTayyibt(i.e.allgoodandlawfulasregardsthings,deeds,beliefs,persons,foods),and
prohibitsthemasunlawfulAlKhabith(i.e.allevilandunlawfulasregardsthings,deeds,beliefs,personsandfoods)
Thereisnodoubtthatcigarettes,hashishandallintoxicantsareevilandunlawful,sothey
shouldbeabandoned.ThesameappliestoQat(Khat:leavesandbudsthatarehabituating
stimulantswhenchewedorusedasatea)knowninYemen,whichisalsounlawfulbecauseofits
harmitleadstowastingtimeandmissingSalah.ThosewhotakeitshouldperformTawbah
andspendtheirhealth,moneyandtimeinusefulthings.AMu'min(believer)shouldbeware
whatharmstheminworldlyandreligiousaffairs,suchascigarettesandintoxicants.Allof
themshouldbeavoided,andanyonewhousesthemshouldperformTawbah.Itisalso
impermissibletotradeinthem,asthistradeisharmfultotheMuslims.MayAllahguide
everyoneandgrantthemsuccess!
www.ircpk.com

TherulingonapersonwhooffersSalahwhiletheirfootisbleeding
Q:OnedayIwasplayingfootballwhenIhurtmyleg.WhenthetimeofSalah(Prayer)came,I
performedWudu'(ablution),butIdidnotwashthewound.WhileIwasofferingSalah,the
woundstartedbleeding,andIremainedsoforfivedays.IsmySalahvalidornot?Please
advise.MayAllahrewardyou.
A : Youshouldhavetiedthewoundwithapieceofclothorasplinttostopthebleeding,and
thenwipeoverthesplint.Ifthatwasnotpossible,youshouldhaveperformedTayammum
(dryablution)foritafterperformingWudu'.Thisiswhatyoushouldhavedone.Ifyoudidnot
doso,youhadbetterrepeattheSalahofthefivedaysinwhichyouofferedSalahwithout
wipingoverthewoundorTayammum,becauseyouneglectedthismatter.MayAllahgrantus
success!
www.ircpk.com

DoeswashingthedeadinvalidatesWudu'?
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztothehonorablebrotherEAEZ,
mayAllahprotecthim.
uponyou!)
InreferencetoyourFatwarequestregisteredintheDepartmentofScholarlyResearchand
Ifta'numbered3186,dated12/7/1408A.H.,inwhichyouaskanumberofquestions,
pleasebeadvisedthatthePermanentCommitteeforScholarlyResearchandIfta'hasalready
issuedFatwasconcerningtheissuesyouinquiredabout.Pleasefindattachedacopyofthem.
TheywillsufficeinshaaAllah(ifAllahwills).
WashingthedeaddoesnotinvalidateWudu'(ablution)accordingtothemostauthentic
opinionofscholars.However,ifthepersonwhowashesthedeadtouchestheirÀwrah
(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic),thisinvalidatestheirWudu'.
Anyhow,thepersonwhowashesthedeadshouldnottouchthedead'sÀwrahtheyshould
washitwithabarrier.
MayAllahguideeveryonetowhatpleasesHim!
Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh.
www.ircpk.com
www.ircpk.com

ChapteronGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)
ApieceofadvicetospreadIslamanditsvirtues
inAmericaandexplaininganissuerelatedtowomen's
wipingontheKhimar(veilcoveringtothewaist)andwashingheadsafterritualbath
followingmajorritualimpurity
From ÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztothehonorablebrotherMr.H.À.B.(mayAllahguidehimto
whatpleasesHim).
Amen
uponyou!)
Wehavereceivedyourletter,mayAllahguideyou.Wewerepleasedtoknowthatyouare
doingwellandthatyoucontinuetoseekknowledgeandcomprehensiontoserveyournation
andcountry.ThankstoAllahforthat.MayAllahgrantyousuccess!
WewerealsopleasedwhenyoumentionedthatyouundertakethedutyofDa`wahtoIslam
andexplainitsvirtues,andreplytoitsenemies.YourequesttosendsomeDuàhi.e.callers,
fromtheIslamicUniversityastherearemanypeoplewhoarereadytoembraceIslamwhen
theyknowitsrealnature,fairlegalizations,andjustsystem.ThankstoAllahwhoguidedus
tocarryoutthisnoblemissionandvision.
MayAllahincreaseyouingoodandguidance,makeyoubenefitthepeople,andmakeyouand
usrightlyguidedandguidingothers.ForAllahistheAllGenerous,AllBountiful
RegardingyourrequesttosendadelegationtoAmericatoinviteandpreachIslam,
weinformyouthatweareseriouslyinterestedinthat.Weappreciateyournobleinitiative.In
sha'Allah,weshallsendsomepeoplewhowillbeinchargeofthatwhenwefindthosewho
areaptforthismissionandmastertheEnglishlanguageaslanguagesusuallyconstitutea
barrierthathindersustoattainwhatweneedtoattain.MayAllahassistusandyoutoattain
ourdreamsandmakeIslamprosperandimproveMuslims'status.
WehavesentmanydelegationstoAfricainallcountriesforDa`wah(invitingtoAllah),
guidance,writingessaysaboutMuslims'statusthere,studyingtheirproblems,knowing
IslamicAssociations,andprovidingassistancetothemandchoosingthestudentswhoareapt
tobesenttoIslamicuniversitiesinMadinah.ThankstoAllah,thesedelegationssucceededto
alargeextentandachievedmanygoodthings,thankstoAllahforthat.MayAllah(Glorified
andExaltedbeHe)guideus,you,andallMuslimstocomprehendreligion,holdfasttoit,exert
effortsininvitingtoit,spreaditsvirtuesandteachings,andguidethoseinchargeofusto
whatisgoodforMuslims,maketheirreligionsafe,andunitetheirword!ForAllahistheOnly
Onewhocandoso.
Asforthequestioninyourletterabouttherulingonawomanwhowipesoverherveilupon
performingGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)frommajorritualimpurityand
thatifAmericanMuslimwomenabidebywashingtheirheadsfrommajorritualimpurityevery
time,itmayhinderthemfrom
acceptingIslamastheyhavetheirhairstyledanditcanbechangedbywater,etc.I
understoodwhatyoumeant.
Answer:Itiswellknown,accordingtothepureShari'ahandtheunanimousopinionsof
scholars,thatwipingonKhuffs(leathersocks),turbans,andKhimar(veilcoveringtothe
waist)isnotpermissibleinGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity).Itisonly
permissibleinablutionasindicatedinthereportofSafwanIbnÀssal.(mayAllahbepleasedwith
him): TheMessengerofAllahinstructedusnottotakeoffourlightbootsforwashingthefeetuptothreedaysandnightsduringa
journeyexceptincaseofmajorimpurity(aftersexualintercourse).Inothercasessuchassleeping,relievingoneself,orurinating,the
wipingofwethandsoverlightbootsissufficient.
www.ircpk.com
ThereisnodoubtthattheIslamicShariàhisflexibleandeasy.Thereisnodifficultyinthe
rulingofwashingheadsafterbeinginmajorritualimpurityaswhentheProphet(peaceand
blessingsbeuponhim)wasaskedbyUmSalamahaboutwashingafterbeinginmajorritual
impurityorinmenstrualperiod.Shesaid,'OProphetofAllah,Iholdmyhairandspreaditto
washitafterbeinginmajorritualimpurityorinmenstrualperiod.TheProphet(peaceand
blessingsbeuponhim)said, No,itisenoughforyoutothrowthreehandfulsofwateronyourheadandthenpourwater
overyourself,andyoushallbepurified. ReportedbyMusliminhisSahih.
Thus,women,whoaredoubtfulaboutwashingtheirheadswhentheydoritualbathfollowing
majorritualimpurity,areadvisedthrowthreehandfulofwaterontheirheadstillwater
coversitallandthereisnoneedtochangeortakeawayanythingfromwhattheywearifitis
difficultforthemtotakeitoff.ItshowsthegreatrewardthatAllahpreparedforthemand
thegoodendandtheeternalgoodlifeinparadiseiftheyarepatientandholdfasttothe
Shari'ah.Asforthecoversurgentlyneededfor
coveringafractureorinjury,itispermissibletowipeovertheminmajorandminorTaharah
(ritualpurification)forthenecessityimposedwithoutatimelimitaslongasthereisa
necessity.AccordingtotheHadithofofJabirregardingthemanwhoseheadwasinjured,then
theProphet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)orderedhimtowraphiswoundwithacloth,
wipeoverit,andthenwashtherestofhisbody.ReportedbyAbuDawudinhisSunnan.
ItisconsiderabletopayattentionofthosewhowanttoacceptIslamwhendiscussingsome
issuesandsomerulesthatseemdifficultforthemthatthewaytosuccessi.e.Paradise,isnot
easybutissurroundedbyhardshipswhilehellissurroundedbylusts.AllahsetsHiscommands
totestpeopletoseewhowilldothebestofdeeds.Soitisnotcompletelyeasytowinthe
PleasureofAllahandenterParadisewithoutexertinganyeffortbutwehavetobepatient,
strugglewithourselves,andenduremanyhardshipstopleaseAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He),enterHisParadise,andevadeHisWrathandPunishment.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)says, Verily!Wehavemadethatwhichisonearthasanadornmentforit,inorderthatWemaytestthem(mankind)asto
whichofthemarebestindeeds.[i.e.thosewhodogooddeedsinthemostperfectmanner,thatmeanstodothem(deeds)totallyfor
A l l hssakeandinaccordancetothelegalwaysoftheProphet]. Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)says, WhohascreateddeathandlifethatHemaytestyouwhichofyouisbestindeed. Allah(Glorifiedand
ExaltedbeHe)says, Andsurely,WeshalltryyoutillWetestthosewhostrivehard(fortheCauseofAllh)andAsSbirn
(thepatient),andWeshalltestyourfacts(i.e.theonewhoisaliar,andtheonewhoistruthful). Therearemanyverses
inthisregard.
MayAllahmakeusandyouguidethepeopletotherightway,improveMuslims'statusand
makeeveryoneunderstandthewisdomoftheircreation,andmultiplythenumbersofthose
whocalltotheTruth.Verily,AllahisAbletodoallthings.
Wassalamu'alaikumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh
TheDeputyoftheChairmanoftheIslamicUniversity,AlMadinahAlMunawwarah.
www.ircpk.com

FridayGhusl(RitualBath)isastressedSunnah
Q:IstheritualbathonFridayobligatoryormustahab(desirable)?
A : TheGhusl(RitualBath)onFridayisonlyastressedSunnahasindicatedbythefollowing
authentichadiths.TheProphet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)says: Performing
Ghusl(washingup),Siwak(brushingone'steeth),andputingperfumeonFridayisanobligationoneveryadult. TheProphet
(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)alsosays: Anyonewhotakesaritualbathandthengoesto
theFridayPrayerandperformsthePrayerthathasbeenordainedforhim,keepssilentuntiltheimamconcludesthesermon,andthen
offersthePrayersalongwithhim(theimam),hewouldbeforgivenforwhathedidbetweenthenandthefollowingFriday,andeven
threedaysmore. ReportedbyMusliminhissahih.Accordingtoanotherwordingreportedalsoby
Muslim: "HewhoperformsablutionperfectlyandcomestoJumuàh(Friday)Prayerandlistens(tothesermon)silently,thesins
whichhehascommittedsincethepreviousFridayplusthreemoredays(i.e.10days)willbeforgivenforhim.Onewhodistracts
himselfwithpebblesduringthesermonwillnotgettheFridayPrayerreward". Therearemanyhadithsinthisregard.
AsforthestatementoftheProphet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim): Itis
compulsoryforeverymalewhohasreachedtheageofpuberty, mostofscholarsviewthatthisstatementisjust
affirmativeastheArabssaythewaitingperiodisadebitandyourrightisadutyonme.This
explanationfindsfurthersupportbythefactthattheProphet,peaceandblessingsbeupon
him,consideredablutionassufficientinsomeHadiths.
Similarly,thesamegoestowearingperfumes,usingSiwak(toothcleansingstick),wearing
thebestofclothes,andgoingearlytoattendtheFridaysermon,theseallaredesirableactsof
Sunnahandarenotobligatory.
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TherulingonGhusl(ritualbath)onFriday
Q:Mr.À.M.Z.fromBiljirshyasks,"WhataboutGhuslonFridayisitobligatory,
recommendableoranactofSunnah?CantakingabathforJanabah(majorritualimpurity)on
FridaynightreplacetheFridaybath,keepinginmindthatsomepeoplesaythattheday
beginsatmidnight?Moreover,ifthisGhuslofJanabahdoesnotcountforFridayGhusl,whatis
theappropriatetimeforit?"
FridayGhuslisastressedSunnahformenaccordingtotheProphet'sSaying, PerformingGhusl
(washingup),usingSiwak(brushingone'steeth),andwearingperfumeonFridayarecompulsoryoneveryadult. TheProphet
(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)alsosays: "WhenanyoneofyoucomestoJumu'ah(Friday)
Prayer,heshouldtakeabath.'' TherearemanyotherHadithstothesameeffect.
TheHadithsmentionedabovedonotmeanthatFridayGhuslisobligatoryandthatwhoever
avoidsitdeservespunishmentbutitisastressedactaccordingtotheaboveauthenticHadiths
andtheProphet'ssaying, "IfanyoneperformsablutiononFriday,thengoestotheMasjid(mosque),offersthe
SupererogatorySalahandlistens(tothesermon)untiltheimamfinishesit,thesinswhichhehascommittedsincethepreviousFriday
plusthreemoredayswillbeforgivenforhim..." TheProphet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponhim)
alsosays: IfanyoneofyouperformsablutiononFriday,thatisallrightandifanyofyoutakesabath,thatisbetter.
ItbecomesknownthattheHadithoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)doesnotimply
obligationbutstressestheimportanceoftakingabathonFridayforthisstyleofspeakingis
widelyusedinArabic.InthiswaywecanreconcilebetweentheHadithsnarratedconcerning
thismatter.Itisworthmentioningthat,inordertoreconcilebetweencontradictedHadiths,
scholarsputalegalbasis,whichistoexplaintheHadithsbyotherHadithsonthesameissueif
theirtextsaredifferent,takingintoconsiderationthatthesayingsoftheProphetconfirmand
explaineachotherandsimilarlytheAyahs(Verses)oftheGloriousQur'an.
IfapersontakesaJanabahbathonFriday,thiswillbesufficientfortheFridayGhusl.Itis
preferabletointendperformingboththeFridayandJanabahbathsupontakingthebath.
Moreover,thetimeforFridayGhuslbeginsatdawnanditispreferabletotakethebath
immediatelybeforegoingtoFridaySalah,asthisisbetterwithregardtoactivenessand
cleanliness.
www.ircpk.com

DoestakingabathduetoJanabahorotherreasonssufficeforWudu'?
Q:Mr.A.S.S.fromThadiqintheKingdomofSaudiArabiaasks,"ItakeabathduetoJanabah
(majorritualimpurityowingtosexualrelatedtosexualdischarge)usingsoapandshampoo,
doesthisbathsufficeforWudu'(ritualablution)ifIintendbothofthem?
A : TakingaJanabahbathcanbeasubstituteforWudu'ifthepersonintendstoperformboth
ritualpurificationsbutitispreferabletoperformWudu'andthentakethebathtocomplywith
theactoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Moreover,thereisnoharminusingsoap,
shampoo,Sidr(lotetree/lotusjujube),andotherthingsusedincleaning.
MayAllahhelpusall!
www.ircpk.com

DoesJanabahGhuslsufficeforWudu'?
Mr.A.A.G.fromAbha,says,"DoestakingGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)
sufficeforWudu'(ritualablution)whetheritisduetoJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelated
tosexualdischarge)orothercauses?Inotherwords,ifItakeabath,isitnecessaryto
performWudu'beforeprayerordoesthebathsufficeforit?
A : IfonetakesaJanabahbathandintendstoremovebothmajorandminorritualimpurity,
thisbathwillsufficeforbothJanabahbathandWudu'butitisbettertoperform
Istinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation),Wudu',andthen
bathefollowingtheactsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Thisrulingisequallyappliedto
womeninmensesandpostpartumperiodaswell.
But,ifapersontakesabathforsomethingotherthanthecausesmentionedabove,suchas
Fridaybathandtakingabathforcleanlinessorrefreshment,thebathdoesnotsufficefor
Wudu'owingtoneglectingthesequenceofWudu',whichisoneofprerequisitesofWudu',and
theinexistenceofamajorritualpurificationthatinvolvestheminoroneasthecasewith
GhuslofJanabah.
www.ircpk.com

CanapersonofferSalahafterbathingwithoutperformingWudu'?
Q:AquestionbysomebodyfromIraq,asking,"IsapersonpermittedtoofferSalahafter
takingabathwithoutperformingWudu'(ritualablution)ontheconsiderationthatthey
becomerituallypurifiedbybathingorarethereotherconditionsforbathingtobeasubstitute
forWudu'?"
A : Scholarsdifferedregardingthisissuebutthepreponderantopinionisthatperforminga
Janabah(majorritualimpurity)bathwiththeintentionofremovingbothmajorandminor
ritualimpuritysufficesforWudu'andtheminorimpurityisincludedinthemajorone.
However,ifsomeonewantstobeincompliancewiththeSunnahandtofulfillthebetter
approachinthecase,theyshouldfollowtheProphet's(peacebeuponhim)paththeyshould
washthegenitalsandtheareasaroundthem,performWudu',pourwaterontheheadthree
times,ontheirrightside,thenontheleft,andthenonallofthebody,andfinallywashtheir
feetinaplaceotherthanwheretheytaketheirbath.ThisistheperfectwayofGhuslthat
complieswiththeSunnahandcorrespondstothewayoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
www.ircpk.com

DoesGhuslsufficeforWudu'?
Q:Mrs.F.A.inquires,"Ifsomeonebecomesrituallyimpureowingtoexcretingurineorfeces,
doestakingaGhusli.e.ritualbath,availthemfromperformingWudu'(ritualablution)?May
Allahrewardyouwiththebest!
A : ItisanactofSunnahforapersonwhoisinastateofmajorritualimpuritytoperform
Wudu'andthentakeabathfollowingtheexampleoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Ifthey
takeaJanabah(majorritualimpurity)bathwiththeintentionofremovingbothmajorand
minorimpurities,itwillsufficethembutitisnotpreferableinthiscase.However,ifthebath
isMustahab(desirable),suchasFridayGhuslandorabathforrefreshment,thisdoesnot
makeupforWudu'Wudu'shouldbeperformedfirstbeforeorafterthebathaccordingtothe
Prophet'ssaying, AllahdoesnotaccepttheSalahofapersonwhoinvalidateshisablutionuntilheperformsablution(anew).
(agreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, Neithertheprayerisacceptedwithoutpurificationnorischarity
acceptedoutofillgotten(wealth) (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih)
TakingabathcansufficeforWudu'only,ifapersonwasheshis/herpartsintheorder
mentionedinAllah'sSaying, Oyouwhobelieve!WhenyouintendtoofferAsSalt(theprayer),washyourfacesand
yourhands(forearms)uptotheelbows,rub(bypassingwethandsover)yourheads,and(wash)yourfeetuptoankles.
If,however,itisabathforJanabah,menstruation,orpostpartumandthereisanintentionto
fulfillbothritualpurifications(Wudu'andGhusl),GhuslwillincludeWudu',astheProphet's
says, The(rewardof)deedsdependsupontheintentionsandeverypersonwillgettherewardaccordingtowhathehasintended.
(AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim)
AllahistheOneWhobringssuccess.
www.ircpk.com

DoesswimmingintheseasufficeforWudu'(ablution)?
Q:IfIwasswimminginaseaorinariverandthetimeofprayerbecomesdueandIhaveno
watertomakeablution,isitpermissibletousewateroftheseaortherivertomake
ablution?Doesswimmingintheseaortheriversufficeinsteadofmakingablution?
Answer:Youhavetomakeablutionusingthewatersurroundingyouintheseaorintheriver.
TheProphet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)wasaskedaboutmakingablutionusingthe
seawater,hereplied: Itswaterispureandwhatdiesinitislawfulfood. Ifyouwashtoremovedirtor
impurity,itwouldnotsufficeinsteadofablution.Butifyouwashtoremovetheritualimpurity
withtheintentionofremovingbothmajorandminorritualimpurity,thenitissufficient.Butit
isbettertomakeablutionthentowashastheProphet(mayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbe
uponhim)did.HeusedtomakeIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurination
ordefecation)first,thenmakeablutionforprayersandthenwash.ThisistheSunnahyetitis
permissibletocombinebothoftheminoneintentionbutscholarsseethatitisbettertodoas
theProphet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)usedtodo.Itisthesamerulinginthecaseof
womenwhowashaftermenstrualperiodorpostnatalperiod,theycanusetheseaorriver
waterorevenwaterfromwellsorsprings.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says,
Butifyouareilloronajourney,oranyofyoucomesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen
(i.e.sexualintercourse),andyoufindnowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands.
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TheRulingonwashinghairwithshampooscontainingeggs,lemons,andthelike
Q:Aladysays,therearesomecreamsandshampoosthatwomenuseforwashingtheirheads.
Theycontainsomefoodstuffsuchaseggsorlemons.Whatistherulingonusingsuchthings,
especiallywhenknowingthatwomenusethemandthenremovethemwithwaterin
bathroomsandtheymixwiththedirt?Please,adviseus!MayAllahrewardyou!
Answer:Itispermissibletousethesethingsforattainingbenefitsfortheheadsuchasusing
themastreatment.Itisalsopermissibletouseeggs,wheat,orotherfoodstuffsas
medicationaswhatispermissibleandusefulisallowedtobeusedasmedication.TheProphet
(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)said, OAllah'sservants!Treatyourselvesmedicallybutusenothingunlawful If
eggsandotherfoodstuffsareusedasmedicationonthehead,theymayberottenand
inediblesoitispermissiblethentowashtheminbathrooms.
www.ircpk.com

Whatistherulingifapersonawakensandfindshisclotheswetandlaterdiscoversthatitis
Maniy(sperm/vaginalsecretionsthatarereleasedonorgasm)?
Q:AquestionerfromIbnKhaldunterritorysays,amanwasasleepandwhenhewokeup,he
foundhisclotheswetanddidnotrecognizethetypeofthedischargeashedidnotknowthe
differencebetweenManiy(sperm)andotherdischarges.However,heofferedSalah(Prayer)
withoutperformingGhusl(bathfollowingmajorceremonialimpurity).Lateron,he
rememberedthathehadhadasexualdream.Whatshouldhedo?SouldherepeattheSalah
heoffered?
A : Yes,ifherememberedthathehadasexualdreamandrealizedthatthefluidhefoundon
hisclotheswasManiy,hemustperformGhuslandrepeattheSalahheofferedbeforemaking
Ghuslafterhavingthesexualdream.However,ifhedidnotrememberandwasindoubt
whetherthisfluidwasManiy,Madhy(thinwhiteviscidfluidsecretedduetosexualthoughtsor
desire,preseminalfluid)orurine,heshouldwashhisclothestobeonthesafeside,buthe
neednotperformGhuslunlesshethinksitismostlikelythatthisfluidwasManiy.Clothes
shouldbesprinkledwithwateraftersecretngMadhyandshouldbewashedandsqueezedifit
isurine.AsforManiy,itisTahir(ceremoniallypure)andthereisnoneedtowashtheclothes.
Nevertheless,itshouldbewashedoff,ifitiswetandrubbedifitisdry.Ifthedischarge
resultedfromsexualthoughtsorforeplay,itismostlikelytobeMadhyorManiyandtheyare
different.
TheManiy,accordingtoscholars,hasapalmpollensmellandisviscid,unliketheMadhy
whichiswatery.AsforWady,itoccursafterurinationandtakesitsruling.
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RulingonGhuslfollowingasexualdreamthatleavesnotrace
Q:IbrahimÀ.H.says:Sometimes,whenIwakeupIrememberthatIhadasexualdreambut
Idonotfindanytrace.ShouldIperformGhusl(bathfollowingmajorceremonialimpurity)?
Please,advise.MayAllahrewardyouthebest!
A : ItisnotobligatoryuponwhomeverexperiencesasexualdreamtoperformGhuslunlesshe
findsManiy(sperm/vaginalsecretionsthatarereleasedonorgasm).TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)stated: Ghuslisnecessaryuponseminaldischarge. Ghuslisobligatoryuponanadultafter
seeingManiy,accordingtothescholars.Ifonehashadsexualintercoursewithwife,hemust
performGhusl,evenifnoManiyisemitted.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Whenthe
circumcisedparttouchesthecircumcisedpart(i.e.maleandfemalegenitals),Ghuslisobligatory. (RelatedbyMuslimin
hisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)He(peacebeuponhim)stated: Whenamansitsinbetweenthe
fourlimbsofawomanandhassexualintercoursewithher,Ghuslbecomesobligatory. (AgreeduponbyImamsAl
BukhariandMuslim)MuslimaddedinhisSahihBookofHadith, evenifhedoesnotejaculate.
IntheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim),itwasnarratedon
theauthorityofAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatUmSulaymAlAnsariyyah,motherofAnas(may
Allahbepleasedwiththem) said:OAllahsMessenger!VerilyAllahisnotshyof(tellingyou)thetruth.Isitnecessaryfor
awomantoperformGhuslafterasexualdream(nocturnalemission)?AllahsMessenger(peacebeuponhim)replied,Yes,ifshe
noticesadischarge.
Thisrulingappliestobothmenandwomenaccordingtothescholars.Thisindicatesthat
whoeveremitsManiyoutofsexualdesire,eitherbythinkingofsexortouchingtheirsexual
organsmustperformGhusljustastheonewhohasasexualdream,baseduponthegenerality
ofthestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Ghuslisnecessaryuponseminaldischarge. May
Allahgrantussuccess!
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WhatisthedegreeofauthenticityofthefollowingHadith: "Whoeverwashesadeadbodyshouldperform
GhuslandwhoevercarriesthecoffinshouldperformWudu'''?
Q:S.S.fromRiyadhinquiresabouttheauthenticityofthefollowingHadith: "Whoeverwashesa
deadbodyshouldperformGhusl(ritualbathing)andwhoevercarriesthecoffinshouldperformWudu'(ablution)." Doesthe
orderhereindicateobligationorrecommendation?Why?
A : ThisHadithisDaìf(weak).However,thereareotherHadithsauthenticallyreportedfrom
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)thatindicatethatitisMustahab(commendable)foronewho
washesthebodyofadeadpersontoperformGhusl.Withregardtocarryingthedeadperson,
thereisnoHadithreportedtoindicatethatitisMustahabtoperformWudu'aftercarryinga
deadperson.
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IhaveanallergicreactionwhenIwashmyhead,howshouldIperformGhusl?
Q:Aquestionerinquires:Iamamarriedwomanandsufferfromasthma.Isufferfromsinuses
throughouttheyear,howcanIofferSalah(Prayer)?CanIperformGhusl(bathfollowing
majorceremonialimpurity)withoutwashingmyheadandjustwipingoverit?Youshould
knowthatIgetserioussinuseswhenIwashmyheadseveraltimesaweek.Manytimes,I
leaveoffSalah,forIamnotabletowashmyheadandonlywipeoverit.Iamsoworriedand
disturbed,thoughIknowthatDinisease.Kindlyprovidemewithadecisivereply,inorderto
beabletoleadmylifecomfortablyandcarryoutmyobligationsdutifully,bearinginmindthat
IamateacherandworkeverydayandwhenIcatchacolditusuallykeepsmeinbed.Allah
knowsIamsickandIhavetofulfilltherightsofmarriageandobeymyhusbandand,atthe
sametimeandaboveall,obeyAllah.
A : IfwashingyourheadafterJanabah(majorceremonialimpurityrelatedtosexual
discharge)ormenstruationcauseyouharm,itissufficientforyoutowipeoverit.Allah
(ExaltedbeHe)states: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)stated: "WhatIhaveforbiddentoyou,avoiditwhatIhaveorderedyou[todo],doasmuchofitasyoucan."
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IsitpermissibleforawomantoperformGhuslwithoutundoingherhair?
Q:AquestionerfromSudaninquires:Somewomenherebraidtheirhairandwhenthey
performGhusl(bathfollowingmajorceremonialimpurity),theydonotundoit.IstheGhusl
valid,bearinginmindthatthewaterdoesnotreachtherootsofthehair?Please,advise.May
Allahrewardyouthebest!
A : Itissufficientforthewomantopourwateronherhead,forUmSalamah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithher)askedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)concerningthissaying: OMessengerof
Allah,IamawomanwhohascloselyplaitedhairshouldIundoitwhenhavingGhuslaftermajorimpurity?TheProphetsaid:No,itis
enoughforyoutothrowthreehandfulsofwateronyourheadandpourwateroveryourbody,andthenyouarepurified.
(RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)
Ifawomanpoursthreehandfulsofwateroverherhead,thisissufficientandshedoesnot
needtoundoit,onthegroundsoftheaforementionedSahihHadith.
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TheJunubmustperformGhuslimmediatelyuponawakeningatsunrise
Q:S.M.fromNouakchottinquires:
IwokeupwhileIwasJunub(inastateofmajorceremonialimpurity)andthesunwasabout
torise.IfIperformedGhusl(bathfollowingmajorceremonialimpurity),IwouldmisstheFajr
(Dawn)Prayer.CanIperformTayammum(dryablution)andofferSalah(Prayer)?
A : YoushouldhaveperformedGhuslandthenofferedSalah,notTayammum.Onewhoforgets
oroversleepsmustimmediatelyperformSalahwhenheremembersitorwakesup.The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)stated: HewhomissesaSalahbecausehesleepsorforgetsitshouldofferitwhenhe
remembersit,thereisnoKaffarah(expiation)foritbutthat. ItiswellknownthatSalahisnotvalidunlessone
isTahir(ceremoniallypure).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Salahisnotacceptedwithout
purification. Ifwaterisavailable,onemustperformpurification,ifitisnot,oneispermittedto
offerSalahafterperformingTayammum.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states: andyoufind
nowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. SurahAlMa'idah
YoumustguardyourSalahandbekeentoperformitatitsduetimebyusinganalarmclock
oraskingoneofthemembersofyourhouseholdtowakeyouupwhenthetimeofSalahisdue
inordertoperformtheSalahobligatoryuponyouwithyourMuslimbrothersintheMasjid
(mosque).YoushouldnotresemblethehypocriteswhodelaySalahandperformitlazily.
MayAllahprotectusandallMuslimsagainstthecharacteristicsandbehaviorsofhypocrites!
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HavingsexualintercoursemorethanoncewithoutperformingGhusl
Q:Isitpermissibleforamantohavesexualintercoursewithhiswifeseveraltimeswithout
Ghusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)amongthem?
A : Thisispermissibleforhim,butofferingGhuslisbetter,foritisauthenticallyreportedthat
theMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)sometimesdidandsometimesdidnot.Itis
reportedbyAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)
andAhmadfromRafiìbnKhadij thatonedaytheProphet(peacebeuponhim)hadintercoursewithallhiswives,
whereheperformedGhuslaftereachintercourse.Itwassaid:OMessengerofAllah,whydoyounotmakeitasingleGhusl?Hesaid:
Thisismorepurifyingandbetter.
ItisalsoauthenticallyreportedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhari
andMuslim)ontheauthorityofAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim) thathe(peacebeuponhim)used
tohavesexualintercoursewithallhiswiveswithoneGhusl.
However,theSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)stipulatesthatifamanintends
toengageinsexualintercourseseveraltimeswithoutperformingGhusl,heshouldoffer
Wudu'(ablution)(asifheispreparing)fortheSalah(prayer).Moreover,itispermissibleto
leavethisWudu'accordingtoanotherlegalproof.Asfortheevidencethatrecommendsit,itis
reportedbyMuslimandothersontheauthorityofAbuSaìd(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Ifanyoneofyouwantstoengageinsexualintercoursewithhiswife
morethanonce,lethimperformWudu'(oneverytime). AccordingtothenarrationofAbuKhuzaymah Lethim
performWudu'(asifheispreparing)fortheSalah .
AsfortheevidencethatpermitsleavingthisWudu',itisreportedbyAlTahawyfromÀishah
(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thatshesaid: TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtohavesexualintercourse
(withhiswives)andthenrepeatitwithoutperformingWudu'.
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WhatistheMeaningofJanabah?WhenisitnecessarytohaveGhuslafterit?
Q:WhatisthemeaningofJanabah?WhenshouldapersonperformGhusl(ritualbath
followingmajorritualimpurity)?
A : Janabahisastateofritualimpurityafterengagementinasexualintercourseorwhen
Maniy(spermorvaginalsecretionsthatarereleasedonorgasm),whichisaccompanied,or
not,byasexualdesire,isdischarged.Thereupon,performingGhuslisobligatory.Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, IfyouareinastateofJanba(i.e.afterasexualdischarge),purifyyourselves
(batheyourwholebody). (SurahAlMa'idah5:6).Allah(ExaltedbeHe)alsosays, Oyouwhobelieve!
ApproachnotAsSalt(theprayer)whenyouareinadrunkenstateuntilyouknow(themeaning)ofwhatyouutter,norwhenyouare
inastateofJanba,(i.e.inastateofsexualimpurityandhavenotyettakenabath)exceptwhentravellingontheroad(without
enoughwater,orjustpassingthroughamosque),tillyouwashyourwholebody. (SurahAlNisa'4:43).TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said, "Whenamansitsinbetweenthefourpartsofawomanandhassexualintercoursewithher,
bathbecomescompulsoryevenifnoejaculationtakesplace." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslimandthe
wordingsareofthelatter)
ItisreportedthatUmSulaymAlAnsariyyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)asked, "OMessengerofAllah!Indeed,
Allahisnotshytotellthetruth!Thus,isitnecessaryforawomantoperformGhuslifshehasawetdream?"TheMessengerofAllah
(peacebeuponhim)replied, Yes,ifshesawthedischarge. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).Many
otherHadithsstressthesamemeaning.
MayAllahgrantsussuccess!
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HowtoperformGhuslfrommenstruationandJanabah
Q:HowshouldawomanperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)after
menstruationandJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)usingmodern
thingssuchastheshower,faucet,andthelike?
A : Firstly,awomanshouldperformIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwater)from
menstruationandpostpartumblood.IncasesofJanabah,amanorwomanshouldalso
performIstinja'andthenperformWudu(ablution)asdoneforSalah(Prayer).Accordingto
theSunnah,itispreferableforapersontopourwaterovertheirheadthreetimesandstart
washingtherightsideandthentheleftside,thenpourwaterovertheirwholebody.
However,itisalsopermissibletopourwateroverthewholebodyatonce.
ItisMustahab(desirable)forawomantousewaterandSidr(lotetree/lotusjujube).
However,itissufficientforapersonwhoisinastateofJanabahtousewateronlywhether
heisusingashower,afaucet,oranythingelse.AllPraiseisduetoAllah!
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RubbingthebodywhileperformingGhusl
Q:AquestionfromA.R.fromAlKhubar,SaudiArabia,saying:Shouldapersonrubhisbody
duringperformingGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)orisitsufficienttopour
wateroverthebodyonly?
A : ItissufficienttopourwateralloverthebodywhenperformingGhuslfromJanabah(major
ritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge),menstruation,andpostpartumperiodasindicated
bythegeneralmeaningoftheAyahsandtheHadiths.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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MadhiydoesnotnecessitateperformingGhusl
Q:DoesMadhiy(preseminalfluid)necessitateperformingGhusl(ritualbath)?
A : Madhiy(preseminalfluid)doesnotnecessitateperformingGhusl.Itnecessitates
performingWudu'(ritualablution)afterwashingthepenisandtestesifsomeonewantsto
offerSalahorTawaf(circumambulationaroundtheKa`bah)ortouchtheMushaf(Arabic
Qur'an).ThisisbasedontheProphet'ssayingwhenhewasaskedaboutit,hesaid,itis
necessarytomakeWudu'afteritandhecommandedtherelevantpersontowashthepenis
andtestes.
However,Maniy(spermsecretionsthatarereleasedonorgasm)necessitatesGhuslwhenitis
emittedinabundanceduetothinkingaboutorhavingsexualintercourseorifitstracesare
seenafterwakingupfromsleep.
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DoesEmittingManiyafterPerformingGhuslNecessitateRepeatingGhusl?
Q:AwomanaskedthatalittleamountofManiy(vaginalsecretionsthatarereleasedon
orgasm)isemittedafterfinishingGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity).Isshe
requiredtoperformGhuslagain?
A : ThereisnoneedtoperformGhuslagainaslongasithasalreadybeendone.Thisamount
ofManiyisnothing,becauseitisemittedwithouthavingsexualthoughtsordesire.Inthis
case,it,likeurination,obligatesmakingIstinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafter
urinationordefecation)andWudu'(ablution).Youhavealreadyperformedtheobligatory
Ghusl.Menandwomenarethesameinthiscase.
However,whenManiyisemittedduetoanewactionthatprovokesone'ssexualdesire,such
askissing,touching,etc.,performingGhuslisrequired.
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RulingonManiyDischargedafterGhusl
Q:ShouldamanrepeatGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)becauseManiy
(sperm)wasdischargedafterheperformedGhusl?
A : No,heshouldnotrepeatGhuslbutheshouldperformIstinja'(cleansingtheprivateparts
withwater)andWudu (ablution).ThisisbecauseManiywasdischargedwithouthaving
sexualdesire.ThereforethisdoesnotnecessitateGhusl,ratheronlyIstinjaandWudu.Ithas
thesamerulingasurination.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Tayammum(dryablution)
CorrectWayofPerformingTayammum
Q:CanYourEminenceexplainthecorrectwayofperformingTayammum?
A : ThecorrectwayofperformingTayammumisasAllah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Butifyouareilloron
ajourney,oranyofyoucomesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(i.e.sexualintercourse),
andyoufindnowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. Itistoplacethe
handsoncleanearthonceforthefaceandthetwohands.
AMuslimperformingTayammumplacestheirhandsoncleanearthonlyonceandthenrubs
theirfaceandhands.ItisrelatedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhari
andMuslim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidtoÀmmaribnYasir(mayAllahbepleased
withhim): Itwouldhavebeenenoughforyoutodothis.Thenhestruckthegroundwithhishandsonceandwipedtheexterior
ofhispalmsandhisface.
Thegroundshouldbepure.Armsarenottoberubbedonlythefaceandthetwohandsare
enoughduetotheHadithmentionedabove.
Tayammumisusedinplaceofwatertoendmajorandminorimpurity,accordingtothemost
preponderantopinionofscholars.IfsomeoneperformsTayammum,theycanperformthe
immediateandfutureNafilah(supererogatory)andobligatorySalah(Prayer)aslongasthey
arerituallypureuntiltheybreakwind,urinateordefecateoruntiltheyfindwateroruntil
theybecomeabletousewateriftheyareunabletouseit.TayammumisTahur(ritually
pure),accordingtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim),andisusedinplaceofwater.
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RulingonPerformingTayammumwhenWaterisAvailable
Q:WhatistherulingonperformingTayammum(dryablution)whenwaterisavailable?
A : PraisebetoAllah,Alone.PeaceandblessingsbeupontheMessenger,hisfamily,and
Companions.
SomereliablepeopletoldmethatsomeoftheBedouinsperformTayammumwhenwateris
available.Thisisagreatevilforwhichtheymustberebuked,becauseperforming
Wudu'(ritualablution)forSalah(Prayer)isoneoftheconditionsofavalidSalah,whenwater
isavailable.Allahsays, Oyouwhobelieve!WhenyouintendtoofferAsSalt(theprayer),washyourfacesandyourhands
(forearms)uptotheelbows,rub(bypassingwethandsover)yourheads,and(wash)yourfeetuptoankles.Ifyouareinastateof
Janba(i.e.afterasexualdischarge),purifyyourselves(batheyourwholebody).Butifyouareilloronajourney,oranyofyou
comesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(i.e.sexualintercourse),andyoufindnowater,
thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands.
ItisnarratedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)from
theMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid, Theprayerofanyoneofyouwillnotbeacceptedif
hehasbrokenwind,untilheperformsWudu'. AllahhaspermittedTayammum,whichtakestheplaceof
Wudu'whenwaterisunavailable,orwhenoneisunabletouseitbecauseofsickness,etc.,
duetotheAyahquotedabove,andbecauseAllahsays, Oyouwhobelieve!ApproachnotAsSalt(the
prayer)whenyouareinadrunkenstateuntilyouknow(themeaning)ofwhatyouutter,norwhenyouareinastateofJanba,(i.e.
inastateofsexualimpurityandhavenotyettakenabath)exceptwhentravellingontheroad(withoutenoughwater,orjustpassing
throughamosque),tillyouwashyourwholebody.Andifyouareill,oronajourney,oroneofyoucomesafteransweringthecallof
nature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations)andyoufindnowater,performTayammumwithcleanearth
andrubtherewithyourfacesandhands(Tayammum).Truly,AllhisEverOftPardoning,OftForgiving.
ItwasnarratedthatÌmranIbnHusayn(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)said, WewerewiththeMessenger
ofAllah(peacebeuponhim)onajourney.Heledthepeopleinprayer,andtherewasonemanwhokeptaway.Hesaid,Whatkept
youfrompraying? Hesaid, IhavebecomeJunub(inastateofmajorritualimpurity)andthereisnowater.Hesaid,Youshould
performTayammumwithcleanearth,andthatissufficientforyou. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
Thus,weknowthatperformingTayammumforprayerisnotpermissiblewhenwateris
availableandoneisabletouseit.RatheritisobligatoryforaMuslimtousewaterforWudu'
andforGhuslfromJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)nomatter
wheretheyare,aslongastheyareabletouseit.AMuslimhasnoexcusefornotdoingsoand
forperformingTayammuminstead.Inthatcaseprayerwillbeincorrect,becauseoneofits
conditions,i.e.purifyoneselfwithwaterwhenthepersonisabletodoso,isomitted.
ManyoftheBedouinsmayAllahguidethemandotherswhogoontripsperforming
Tayammumwhenwaterisavailableandeasilyaccessible,thisisundoubtedlyserious
carelessnessandanabhorrentandimpermissibleaction,becauseitrunsagainstShariàh.
RatheraMuslimisexcusedforperformingTayammumifwaterisfarawayorthereisonlya
smallamountofitthatisonlyenoughforhis,hisfamilyorhislivestocksurvival,andthe
sourceofwateristoofar.
EveryMuslim,wheneverheorsheis,hastofearAllahinalltheiraffairs.Theyhavetoadhere
toAllah'sCommands,whichprovideforperformingWuduwithwaterwhenoneisableto.A
MuslimmustbewareofAllah'sprohibitions,includingTayammumwhenwaterisavailableand
theyareabletouseit.
IaskAllahtogivealltheMuslimsandusunderstandingofHisreligionandtomakeusall
steadfastinadheringtoit.MayHegrantusprotectionfromtheevilofourownsoulsandfrom
ourevildeeds,forHeisMostGenerous,MostKind.MayAllahgrantussuccess!Maypeaceand
blessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyandCompanions!
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RulingonPerformingTayammumandthenFindingWaterbeforetheTimeforSalahEnds
Q:AgroupofpeopleweretravelingandSalah(Prayer)becamedue.Theyhadnowater,and
thoughitwasrainingandthereweretrenchesofwateronbothsidesoftheroad,they
doubtedpurityofthatwater:particularlybecausethereweresomenonMuslimworkers
nearby.Theyfearedthatthoseworkersmighthaveusedthiswater,sotheydecidednotto
usethewaterandperformedTayammum(dryablution),thoughthelandwaswetandthere
wasnodust.BeforetheendofthetimeforSalah,theyfoundwater.Whatistherulingonthat
case?
A : TheyshouldhaveperformedWudu'(ablution)fromtheavailablewaterifitwaspossible,
forwaterisessentiallypureandWudu'isobligatory.Tayammumispermissibleonlyincase
onecannotperformWudu',asisthecasewhenwaterisnotsuitableforWudu'becauseitis
insufficientormixedwithdustandturnedintomudhence,Tayammumispermissible.
However,theyshouldhavelookedfordustbyremovingthecrustonthesurface,iftherain
waslight.Iftherainwasheavyandcoveredalltheland,itispermissibletoperform
Tayammumondrylandorovertheirdustyluggage.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
states: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan
WhenevertheyfoundwaterafterperformingSalah,theydidnothavetorepeatit,forthe
Sunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)allowsthisaslongastheydidtheirbest.
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HowcanaSickPersonPerformTayammum?
Q:AbrotherfromAlMadinahAlMunawwarahasks:IcannotperformWudu'(ritualablution)
myselfduetomyillness.Moreover,thereisnoonewhocanoffermehelp.Isitpermissiblefor
metoperformTayammum(dryablution),knowingthatthehospitalcleansitswalls,floors,
andmattressesdaily?CanIinquireaboutthemannerofperformingTayammumduetowhatI
havementioned?
A : IfthesickpersondoesnothavesomeonetohelphimperformWudu'norcanhedoit
himself,hecanperformTayammum.Allah(mayHebePraised)says: Butifyouareilloronajourney,or
anyofyoucomesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(i.e.sexualintercourse),andyoufindno
water,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. Moreover,ifsomeoneis
unabletousewaterorperformTayammumtheyaretobeexcused,buttheyareobligedto
performSalahatduetimeswithoutperformingneitherWudu'norTayammum,becauseAllah
(mayHebePraised)says: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan Andbecausethe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: "WhatIhaveforbiddentoyou,avoiditwhatIhaveorderedyou[todo],doas
muchofitasyoucan."
InsometravelsoftheProphet(Peacebeuponhim)someofhisCompanions(mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththem)performedSalahwithoutperformingeitherWudu'orTayammum.Being
amongthem,theProphet(Peacebeuponhim)didnotcondemntheiract.Thishappened
duringthetravelinwhichthenecklaceofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)waslost.
SomeoftheCompanions(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)wenttosearchforituponan
orderfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Notfindingitandsinceitwastheduetimeto
offerSalah,theyperformedSalahwithoutprecedingitbyperformingeitherWudu'or
Tayammum.Tayammumwasnotprescribedyetandtheywereinlackofwater.Itwasthanks
tothatincidentthatTayammumwasprescribed.
Thisiswhatmustbedone.Ifasickpersondoesnothavetheabilitytousewateranddoesnot
haveanyonetohelphimperformWudu'(ablution),thenheisobligedtoperformTayammum
ifhefindscleanearth.HecanperformTayammumusingsuchearthdirectlyorputtingitina
containeroravessel.ItissufficientforhimtoperformTayammuminplaceofWudu'.
Itisnotpermissibletoneglectthismatter.Onthecontrary,allhospitalsshouldtakecareof
this.BeforeperformingWudu'orTayammum,thepatientshouldperformIstinja'(cleansing
theprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)afterdefecationorurinationwhen
waterisavailableorperformIstijmar(cleansingtheprivatepartswithahardmaterialafter
urinationordefecation).Itisnotnecessarytotoiltohavewater.Rather,itissufficientto
performIstinja'usingpurehandkerchiefsandthelike,suchasstones,earthandsuchlikesoas
toremoveimpurity.Oneshouldwipeone'sgenitalsnotlessthanthreetimes.Ifthisisnot
sufficienttopurifyoneself,thenincreasingwipingisobligatoryuntilreachingpurification.The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: "...whoevercleanshisprivatepartswithstonesshoulddoitwithoddnumberof
stones. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)also: forbadethecleansingwithlessthanthreestones. Healso
forbadeperformingIstinja'withbonesanddung,saying: Theydonotpurify. MayAllahgrantus
success!
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Amanhadawetdreamandcouldnotbatheasheunderwentasurgicaloperation,shouldhe
PerformTayammumorPerformWudu'afterTayammum?
Q:AbrotherfromRiyadhasks:Havingundergoneasurgicaloperationinmyback,Icould
hardlyperformWudu'(ablution)toofferSalah.OnenightIhadawetdreambutIcouldnot
haveabathlestthewoundsoftheoperationshouldbeinfected.Isitsufficientformeto
performTayammum(dryablution)?IsitobligatoryformetoperformWudu'afterperforming
Tayammum?WhatshouldIdoinsuchacase?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou.
A : ItisobligatoryforMuslimstofearAllahasmuchaspossibleinalloftheirconditions.Allah
(ExaltedbeHe)says: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: "WhatIhaveforbiddentoyou,avoiditwhatIhaveorderedyou[todo],doasmuchofitasyoucan." (Agreed
uponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).ThusifapatientcannotperformWudu'andGhusl(ritual
bath),itissufficienttoperformTayammum,becauseAllah(mayHebePraised)says: Butifyou
areilloronajourney,oranyofyoucomesafteransweringthecallofnature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(i.e.sexual
intercourse),andyoufindnowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. (Surah
AlMa'idah)
ApersonwhoisunabletoperformWudu'orGhuslhasthesamerulingasonewhodoesnot
findwater.ThusifyoucanperformWudu'butcannotperformGhusl,performWudu'andthen
performTayammuminplaceofGhusl.ThisisinferredfromthesayingofAllah: Sokeepyourdutyto
AllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Hishandisinjuredandwatercannotreachhiswound,heofferedSalahwithoutperforming
Tayammum
Q:ApersonperformedWudu(ablution)andforgottoperformTayammum(dryablution)ona
woundinhishandthathecannotputwateron.RememberingthisduringSalah(Prayer),he
performedTayammum(forit)withoutinterruptingSalahandthenheresumedhisSalah.
WhatistherulingonthisSalah?Isitvalidornot?
A : IfoneofthepartsofthebodywashedinWudu'issoseverelywoundedthatitcannotbe
washedorwipedoverwithwater,forfearofaggravationorthedelayofhealing,theperson
shouldperformTayammum.IftheyperformWudu'andleavetheplaceofthewound,then
begintoofferSalah,andrememberduringSalahthattheyhavenotperformedTayammum,
theyshouldperformitandrestarttheSalah,asthepartofSalahofferedbeforeTayammumis
invalid,includingTakbiratu lIhram(saying:"AllahuAkbar[AllahistheGreatest]"upon
startingPrayer).ThereforetheirSalahisinvalid,becauseTaharah(ritualpurification)isa
prerequisiteforthevalidityofSalah.
LeavingoneofthepartsofthebodyunwashedinvalidatesWudu'.WhentheProphet(peace
beuponhim)sawinaman'sfootanunwashedshinypartastinyasacoin,heorderedhimto
repeatWudu'.Sincewashingandwipingareimpossibleinthecaseoftheinquirer,Tayammum
shouldbeperformed.Allahsays: Andifyouareill,oronajourney,oroneofyoucomesafteransweringthecallof
nature,oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations)andyoufindnowater,performTayammumwithcleanearth
Anotherevidenceisthestoryofthemanwoundedinthehead,whosestoryisrelatedbyIbn
MajahontheauthorityofIbnÀbbaswhereintheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Ifonlyhe
washedhisbodyandlefthisheadwherehereceivedtheinjury. InthenarrationofAbuDawudfromJabir,the
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: ItwouldhavebeensufficientforhimtoperformTayammum...
IfthatpersondidnotrepeatthatSalah,theyshouldrepeatit.
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ThebordersofthefaceinTayammumandhowtoperformTayammumforapersonwhose
handiswrappedinasplint
Q:Ifoneorbothofmyhandsarewrappedinasplintorarewoundedinawaythatmakesme
unabletousewater,howcanIperformTayammum(dryablution)?Istheborderofthefacein
TayammumthesameasinWudu'(ablution)?
A : Yes,theborderofthefaceinTayammumisthesameasWudu'.Youshouldwipeoveryour
facewithyourhandsafteryouputthemondust,andyourfaceisfromtheupperfronttothe
chin,andfromtherighteartotheleftear.Then,youshouldwipeoveryourhandsfromthe
wristtothefingertips.Ifyouhaveasplintorwoundsinyourhandsorarms,itisenoughto
wipeoverthesplintoroverthewound.
Ifoneofthearmsissoundandtheotheriswoundedorwrappedinabandage,youshould
washthesoundoneandwipeoverthewoundedone.Ifwaterisharmfultothewound,orif
thereisnowater,itisenoughtoperformTayammum.
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Someonedidnotfindameanstoheatthecoldwatersohewipedwithoutwashinghisfeet
Q:G.E.K.fromIraqsays,"Iamapreparatorystudentandlivesinastudentdorm.Oneday,I
wokeuptooffertheFajr(Dawn)Prayer,butitiswasverycold,andIhadnomeanstoheat
thewater,soIwipedovermyfeetwithoutwashingthem.WasmySalah(Prayer)valid,or
shouldIrepeatit?
A : Thisneedstobeclarifiedindetail.Ifyoucouldhavefoundwarmwater,heatcoldwateror
buywaterfromyourneighborsorfromanyoneelse,youshouldhavedoneso.Allah(Exalted
beHe)says, SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan Youshoulddowhateveryoucan,
whetherbuyingwater,warmingitoranyothermeansthatenableyoutoperform
Wudu'(ablution).Ifyoucouldnotdo
itwastoocoldtoperformWudu'withcoldwaterandyoucouldnotwarmitorbuysome
warmwater,youareexcused,andyoucanperformTayammum(dryablution).Thisis
accordingtoAllah'sSaying, SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan He(GlorifiedbeHe)
alsosays, andyoufindnowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands. The
personwhocouldnotusewaterisliketheonewhocouldnotfindwater.
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Isitpermissibleforaperson,whocannotusewaterincoldweatherandhasnomeansto
warmit,tomakeTayammumtoperformFajrPrayer?
Q:RulingonapersonwhoneedstoperformGhusl(bathing)butcannotusewaterbecauseof
coldweatherandthereisnomeanstowarmit.IsitpermissibletomakeTayammum(dry
ablution)forperformingFajr(Dawn)Prayer?Whatistherulingonapersonwhodidthat?
A : Ifapersonisinaplacewherehecannotwarmthewaterandfindsnowarmwaterandis
afraidtobeharmed,thenitispermissibleandlawfultomakeTayammum(dryablution).
Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan The
Prophet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)says, WhenIcommandyoutodoanything,doofitasmuchasyou
possiblycan. ItisauthenticallynarratedthatÀmrIbnAlÀs(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)wasin
DhatAlSalasilbattleandheunderwentritualimpurityinaverycoldnight,hedidnottakea
bathbut
hemadeonlyablution,Tayammum(dryablution),andprayedasImam.Whenhecameback,
heaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andsaidthathefearedtobeharmedandthathe
understoodthefollowingAyah(Qur'anicverse)asgivinganexcusetodoso: Anddonotkill
yourselves(norkilloneanother).Surely,AllhisMostMercifultoyou. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)smiled,
saidnothing,anddidnotaskhimtorepeatprayer.Thisisaclearprooftomakeitan
acceptablelegalexcuse.
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DoesTayammumabrogateGhuslaltogether?
Q:DoesTayammum(dryablution)abrogateGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)
altogether?HowmanySalahs(Prayers)canoneperformwhilehavingTayammum?Whatare
theinvalidatorsofTayammum?
A : Tayammumtakestheplaceofwater.ThisisbecauseAllah(ExaltedbeHe)makesthe
earthaplaceforperformingSalahandapurifierforMuslims.Ifsomeonedoesnotfindwater
orisnotabletousewaterbecauseofillness,theyareliabletoperformTayammum.
Tayammumwillbesufficienttoendthestateofimpuritytillwaterisavailable.Then,if
someonefindswater,theyhavetoperformGhuslfortheirpreviousJanabah(majorritual
impurityrelatedtosexualdischarge).Likewise,thepatientwhorecoversandbecomeswell
hastoperformGhuslforpreviousJanabahforwhichTayammumwasperformed.TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: CleandustisasourceofpurificationfortheMuslimevenwiththelackofwaterfortenyears.
Then,hesaid: Ifyoufindwater,makeittouchyourskin. (RelatedbyAlTirmidhyontheauthorityofAbu
Dhar(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).ThisHadithwasalsoreportedbyAlBazzarandheldas
authenticbyIbnAlQattanontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
him)).
Therefore,ifsomeoneinastateofJanabahfindswater,theyhavetoperformGhuslforthat
Janabah.ButtheirpreviousSalahwasvalidastheydidsowhentheywerenotabletouse
waterorwhentheydidnotfindwater,evenifthatstateofJanabahlastedforalongtime.
Thus,whentheyrecoverorfindwater,theyhavetoperformGhusl.
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RulingonTayammumbysomeonewhohaslittlewateronanouting
Q:SomeMuslimswentoutduringvacationsawayfromRiyadhforamusement.Theydidnot
intendtotravel.Theyonlytakelittlewaterwiththem.WhenthetimeofSalah(Prayer)
comes,theyperformTayammum(dryablution)insteadofWudu'(ablution)underthepretext
thattheydonothaveenoughwater,eventhoughttheycansearchforwaterorcarryitwith
themduringtheirtrip.CantheyperformTayammuminsuchastate?Iftheyarenotliableto
performTayammum,whatistherulingonperformingSalahwithoutWudu'?
A : IftheygooutonanexcursionandthetimeofSalahcomeswhilehavinglittlewaterfor
theirneedsandwaterisfarawayfromthem,theyarepermittedtoperformTayammum.But
iftheycarrywaterwiththem,itwillbebetter.Ifwatercanbeattainedeasily,thenitwillbe
obligatoryuponthemtoperformWudu'.Ifwaterisfarawayandcannotbeattainedexcept
withhardshiportheymaywastetheirtimebysearchingforit,therewillbenoblameonthem
toperformTayammum.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andtheCompanionsusedto
performTayammumwhenwaterwasfarawayfromthem.
However,itisnotobligatoryuponthemtoperformJumuàh(Friday)Prayeriftheyareaway
fromthetownandcannotheartheAdhan(calltoPrayer)inadistanceofoneFarsakh
(leagueabout3miles)ormore.
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IsitobligatoryuponaworshipertoperformTayammumforeverySalah
Q:H.S.H.,fromBuraydah,asks:"ShouldaworshiperperformTayammum(dryablution)for
everySalah(Prayer)?Cantheperson,whoperformsTayammum,offerobligatoryand
supererogatorySalahaslongasTayammumisvalid?MayAllahrewardyouwell!"
A : ItispermissibleforaMuslim,whoperformsTayammum,toofferwhateverobligatoryand
supererogatorySalahaslongaswaterisstillunavailableorcouldnotbeusedorTayammum
hasbeeninvalidated.Thisisaccordingtothesoundestopinionsofscholars.Allah(mayHebe
Praised)says: andyoufindnowater,thenperformTayammumwithcleanearthandrubtherewithyourfacesandhands.Allh
doesnotwanttoplaceyouindifficulty,butHewantstopurifyyou,andtocompleteHisFavourtoyouthatyoumaybethankful. The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: "TheearthhasbeenmadeTahur(ameansofpurification)andaplaceofSalahfor
me.SowheneverthetimeoftheSalahcomesforanyoneofyou,hehashisMasjidandTahur." TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)alsosaid: "CleandustisasourceofpurificationfortheMuslimevenwiththelackofwaterfortenyears." Ifhe
findswater,hehastoperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)or
Wudu'(ablution).TherearemanyHadithsinthisregard.AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess.
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ChapteronremovingNajasah
ProtectingtheAlMasjidAlHaramfromchildren'sNajasah
Q:WewereatAlMasjidAlHaram(theSacredMosqueinMakkah)toperformÙmrah(lesser
pilgrimage).Wecouldnotfindresidenceforonenight.Therefore,westayedthisnightatAl
MasjidAlHaram.Ihadmyyoungdaughterwithme.Shewasthreeyearsandhalf.She
urinatedduringhersleep.IdidnotfeelthattillIfoundthecarpetswet.Ididnotpay
attentiontowashingitbecauseofthosewhoweresleeping.Then,Iforgottowashit.What
shouldIdo?
A : YouhavetorepenttoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)fromthatsin.Youshouldnotdothatagain.If
ithappensthatyouhavetostaythenightatAlMasjidAlHaram,AlMasjidAlNabawyorotherMasjids
andyouhaveachildwithyou,youhavetobringherdiapertoprotecttheMasjidfromher
discharge.Butifyoufindanythingofthatkind,youhavetocleantheMasjidortellthosein
chargeofcleaningandmaintainingtheMasjidtocleanit.Youarenotexcusedfornegligence
andremissness.
MayAllahforgiveyou,usandallMuslims!
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Doeswashingpuretogetherwithimpureclothesaffectthepurityofclothes?
Q:Doeswashingimpureclotheswithpureonesaffectthepurityoftheclothesandwater?
A : Ifpureandimpureclotheswerewashedtogetherwithenoughwaterthatremovesthe
impurityanddoesnotbecomeimpure,alltheclotheswillbepure.Thisisbasedonthe
Hadith: "Waterispureandisnotdefiledbyanything." ThisHadithwasreportedbyAhmad,AbuDawud,AnNasa'y
andAlTirmidhywithanauthenticchainoftransmitters.
Itisincumbentuponwhoeverwashestheclothestouseenoughwatertopurifyallofthem.If
youcanseparatepureclothesfromimpureones,itwillbebettertowashimpureclothes
alonewithenoughwaterandremovethetracesofimpurity.Waterwillbepureaslongasit
doesnotchangewithimpurity.AllahistheOnewhograntssuccess.
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Chapteronmenstruationandpostpartumperiod
Women'sSawmandSalahduringmenstruation
Q:E.B.K.fromWahran,Algeria,says,"Please,YourEminence,giveusauthenticallyreported
accountsonwomen'sSawm(Fast)andSalah(Prayer)duringmenstruation.MayAllahreward
you."
A : Whenawomanhashermenstrualperiod,sheshouldstopofferingSalahandobserving
Sawm.Whensheispurified,sheshouldmakeupforthedaysinwhichshedidnotobserve
Sawm,butshedoesnothavetomakeupforthemissedSalah.Thisisaccordingtowhat
wasrelatedbyAlBukhariandothers.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Isntittruethatnone
ofyoucanofferSalahorobserveSawmduringhermenstrualperiod? ItwasalsorelatedbyAlBukhariand
MuslimontheauthorityofMuàdhahthatsheaskedÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher), "Why
doesamenstruatingwomanmakeupforthemisseddaysofSawm,butnotforthemissedSalah?"Àishah(mayAllahbepleased
withher)said,"AreyouaKharijite(separatistgroupthatbelievescommittingamajorsinamountstodisbelief)?"Thewomansaid,
"No,I'mnot,butI'mjustasking."Shesaid,"IntheeraoftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim),wewereorderedtomakeup
forSawm,butnotforSalah,aftertheendofmenstruation." (RelatedbyAlBukhari,Muslimandothers).
ThisisoutofAllah'sMercyuponwomen.Salahisrepeatedfivetimesaday,andmenstruation
occurseverymonth,soAllahexemptedwomenfrommakingupforSalah,asitentailsgreat
hardship.Sawm,however,occursonceeveryyear,sowomenareexemptedfromSawmduring
menstruationoutofmercy,andtheyareorderedtomakeupforitlatertofulfillthebenefit
fromit.
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WhetherawomanshouldofferSalahandobserveSawmifshehasabrowndischargebefore
menstruation
Q:Thesamepersonasks,"Fivedaysbeforemenstruation,Ihaveabrowndischarge,then
menstruationbeginsandlastsforeightdays.IofferSalah(Prayer)andobserveSawm(Fast)
duringthosefivedays.Isthisrightornot?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou."
A : Ifthosefivedaysareseparatefromthedaysofmenstruation,theyarenotconsideredpart
ofit,soyoushouldofferSalah,observeSawmandperformWudu'(ablution)foreachSalah,as
ittakesthesamerulingasurine,notmenstrualblood.ItdoesnotinvalidateSalahor
Sawm.ItjustnecessitatesWudu'foreverySalahuntilitstops.ItisjustlikeIstihadah
(abnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod).
However,ifthosefivedaysareconnectedtomenstruation,theyareconsideredpartofitand
youshouldnotofferSalahorobserveSawmduringit.
Ifthisbrownishoryellowishdischargeisseenafterpurityfrommenstruation,itisnot
consideredpartofmenstruation,butittakesthesamerulingasIstihadahyoushouldperform
Istinja'(cleansingtheprivatepartswithwaterafterurinationordefecation)atthetimeof
eachSalah,performWudu'andthenofferSalahandobserveSawmregularly.Sinceitisnot
consideredmenstruation,yourhusbandmayhavesexualintercoursewithyou,accordingto
thesayingofUmmÀtiyyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher), Wedidnotconsiderbrownishandyellowish
dischargeaftermenstruationpartofit. (RelatedbyAlBukhariinhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith
andAbuDawud,andthisisthewordingofthelatter).UmmÀtiyyah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
her)isoneofthehonorablefemaleSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet)whonarratedmany
HadithsfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
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RulingonrecitingtheQur'anbyaJunub,amenstruatingorpostpartumwoman
Q:SincetheQur'anisonthecurriculumatourgirls'faculty,wearerequiredtomemorizeone
Juz'(a30thoftheQur'an).Sometimes,theexamtimecoincideswithourmenstrualperiods.
Therefore,isitpermissibleforustowritedowntheAyahs(Qur'anicverses)onapieceof
papersothatwecanmemorizethem?A:Accordingtothemostcorrectofthetwoviewsheld
byscholars,itispermissibleforamenstruatingorpostpartumwomantorecitetheQur'an,
sincethereexistsnoevidencetosupportprohibition.However,therecitationshouldbemade
verballywithoutholdingoreventouchingtheMushaf(ArabicQur'an).Itispermissiblefor
themwhennecessarytoholdtheMushafwithascreen,i.e.apieceofpureclothorsomething
ofthesort,orthepaperonwhichAyahsoftheQur'anarewrittendown.
ThosewhoareinastateofJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)are
notallowedtorecitetheQur'anevenverballyuntiltheyhavefirstperformedGhusl(ritual
bathfollowingmajorritualimpurity).ThisrulingisbasedonanauthenticHadithwhichis
emphaticontheprohibitionofrecitingtheQur'anwheninastateofJanabah.Thecaseofa
menstruatingorpostpartumrwomandoesnotapplytotheJunub.Thereasonisthatwhile
menstruationorpostpartumperiodmaylastforquiteanumberofdays,theJunubcanremove
thestateofJanabahatanytimeafterthesexualintercourseisover.
Allahalonegrantssuccess.
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RulingonamenstruatingwomanreadingbookscontainingDuà'
Q:IsitpermissibleforamenstruatingwomantoreadbookscontainingDuà'(supplication)
ontheDayofÀrafah(9thofDhulHijjah),giventhatthesebookscontainAyahs(Qur'anic
verses)?
A : Thereisnothingwrongwithamenstruatingorpostpartumwomantoreadbooks
containingDuàwhileperformingtheritualsofHajj.SheisevenallowedtorecitetheQur'an
accordingtothemostpreferableviewheldbyscholars.Thereexistsnoauthenticorexplicit
textintheQur'anorSunnah(whateverreportedfromtheProphet)forbiddingamenstruating
orpostpartumwomanfromrecitingtheQur'an.OnlythepersoninastateofJanabah(major
ritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)hasbeenprohibitedfromrecitingtheQur'an.This
isbasedontheHadithnarratedbyÀly(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).
AsfortheHadithnarratedby IbnÙmarwhichstates: NeitheramenstruatingwomannoraJunub(inastateof

majorritualimpurity)shouldreciteanythingfromtheQur'an ithasbeencategorizedasDaìf(aHadiththat
failstoreachthestatusofHasan,duetoaweaknessinthechainofnarrationoroneofthe
narrators)becausetheHadith
isnarratedbyIsmaìlIbnÀyyashfromthepeopleofHijaz.Ismaìl'snarrationsfromthepeopleof
Hijazhavebeenclassifiedasweak.However,boththemenstruatingandpostpartumwomen
areonlyallowedtorecitetheQur'anfrommemorywithoutholdingortouchingtheMushaf
(ArabicQur'an).
ApersoninastateofJanabahisnotallowedtorecitetheQur'anverballynorfromtheMus
hafuntilGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)istakenfirst.Thedifference
betweenthetwocases(i.e.Janabahandmenstruation)isthattheJunubcanremovethe
stateofJanabahatanytimeafterthesexualintercoursehasfinishedandperformGhuslat
anytime.Incasewaterisnotavailableorthepersoncannotuseit,Tayammum(dryablution)
ispermissibletoofferSalah(Prayer)andrecitetheQur'an.
Thisisnotthecasewithamenstruatingorpostpartumwomanwhosemenstruationor
postpartumperiodmightlastforaslongasAllahwills.Thatiswhytheyhavebeenallowedto
recitetheQur'ansothattheywillnotforgetitormisstheexcellentrewardofrecitingitand
learningtherulingsofShariàh(IslamicLaw).Itisevenmorepermissibleforthemtoread
booksofDuà'thatcontainAyahs(Qur'anicverses)andHadiths.Thisisthemostcorrectof
twoviewsheldbyscholars(mayAllahhavemercyonthem).
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RecitingthebooksofTafsirbyonewhoisimpure
Q:AquestionisfromM.H.fromRiyadh,reads:"IreadsomebooksofTafsir
(explanation/exegesisofthemeaningsoftheQur'an),suchasSafwatAlTafasir,whileIamin
astateofmajorritualimpurity,i.e.duringmenstruation.Isitpermissibletodoso?AmIa
sinnerfordoingso?"
A : ThereisnoblameonamenstruatingorpostpartumwomantoreadbooksofTafsirorthe
Qur'anwithouttouchingtheMushaf(ArabicQur'an).Thisisaccordingtothesoundest
opinionsofscholars.Howevertheperson,whoisinastateofJanabah(majorritualimpurity
relatedtosexualdischarge),isnotpermittedtoreadtheQur'anatalltillGhusl(ritualbath
followingmajorritualimpurity)isperformed.Prohibitioninthiscasedoesnotincludethe
booksofTafsir,Hadithandotherbooks,providedthattheJunubperson(inastateofmajor
ritualimpurity)doesnotreadtheAyahs(Qur'anicverses)itcontains.Itwasauthentically
reportedthat NothingpreventedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)fromrecitingtheQur'an,exceptJanabah. Itwas
reportedinanotherHadithrelatedbyAhmadwithagoodchainoftransmittersontheauthority
o fÀly(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: AstotheJunub
(rituallyimpureaftersexualintercourse),noteven(toread)anAyah.
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Isitpermissibleforapostpartumwomantofast,offerSalah,orperformHajjifshebecomes
cleanbeforeherpostpartumperiodexpires?
Q:IsitpermissibleforawomantoobserveSawm(Fast),offerSalah(Prayer)orperformHajj
ifshebecomescleanbeforeherpostpartumperiodexpires?
A : Yes,itispermissibleforhertofast,offerSalah,performHajjandÙmrah(lesser
pilgrimage).Itispermissibleforherhusbandtohaveintercoursewithherifshebecomes
cleanofhermensesbeforeherpostpartumperiodends.Forexample,ifshebecomespure
twentydaysafterdelivery,shemustperformGhusl(ceremonialbathfollowingdelivery)and
thenshecanpray,fastandresumesexualrelationswithherhusband.
RegardingthereportinwhichÙthmanibnAbuAlÀsisquotedtohaveconsideredthisMakruh
(reprehensible),itisrenderedasitis'disliked'butnotforbidden.Thoughheemployedhis
ownIjtihad(juristicefforttoinferexpertlegalrulings)onthisissue,thereexistsnoevidence
tosupportit.
Thecorrectviewisthatthereisnothingwrongwiththatifthewomanbecomespurebefore
fortydays.Ifthebleedingresumeswithinfortydays,thenthecorrectviewisthatsheshould
regarditaspostpartumbloodwithinthefortydayperiod,butherSawm,SalahandHajjwhile
shewaspurearestillvalidandshedoesnothavetorepeatanyofthem,solongastheywere
donewhileshewasinastateofceremonialpurity.
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RulingonanewlydeliveredwomanwhodoesnotperformSalahorSawmuntilafterforty
daysofthepostpartumperiodevenifsheispure
Q:ManywomenstayfortydaysaftergivingbirthwithoutperformingSalah(Prayer)or
observingSawm(Fast)evenifsheispure.Whatistherulingonthis?
A : PostpartumperiodpreventsawomanfromperformingSalah,observingSawmandhaving
sexualintercourseexactlylikemenstruation.Postpartumperiodisthebloodthatis
dischargedbecauseofgivingbirth.Aslongasthenewlydeliveredwomanbleedsduringthe
firstfortydays,sheisnotliabletoperformSalahorobserveSawm.Moreover,herhusbandis
notpermittedtohavesexualintercoursewithhertillshebecomespureorcompletesforty
days.Ifshecontinuesbleeding,shehastoperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritual
impurity)bytheendofthefortydays.Thisisbecausepostpartumperiodcannotbemorethan
fortydaysaccordingtothesoundestviewheldbyscholars.ThenshehastoperformSalah,
observeSawmandhavesexualintercoursewithherhusband.Shecansafeguardherself
againstbloodbyusingcottonorthelikeinordernottosoilherclothesandbody.This
bleedinghasthesamerulingofIstihadah(abnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualor
postpartumperiod)thatdoesnotpreventwomanfromSalah,Sawmorsexualintercourse.
ButshehastoperformWudu'(ablution)foreverySalah.
Butifshebecomespurebeforecompletingfortydaysafterbirth,shehastoperformGhuslin
ordertoperformSalahandobserveSawm.Sheisalsopermittedtohavesexualintercourse
withherhusband.Ifshebleedsagain,shewillnotbepermittedtoperformSalahorSawmor
tohavesexualintercoursetillshebecomespureorcompletesfortydays.TheSawmorSalah
thatsheperformsduringthedayswhenshewaspurearevalid.
SheisnotrequiredtomakeupforthemisseddaysofSawm.
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IsitpermissibleforaMustahadahtohavesexualintercoursewithherhusband?
A : AMustahadahisawomanwhosuffersabnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualor
p o s t partumperiod.Sheholdsthesamerulingappliedtononmenstruatingwomen.
Accordingly,sheisallowedtoobserveSawm(Fast),offerSalah(Prayer)andtohavesexual
intercoursewithherhusband.ShehastoperformWudu'(ablution)beforeeachSalahlikethe
caseofonewhoshouldperformWudu'duetopassingurineorwind.Shehastocleanaway
thedischargedbloodwithapieceofcottonorsomethingsimilartokeepherbodyandcloths
clean.ThisrulingisbasedonauthenticPropheticHadiths.
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Rulingontakingbillstoceasedischargeofmenstrualorpostpartumblood
Q:Whatistherulingonawomantakingbillstoceasedischargeofmenstrualorpostpartum
blood?
A : Ifthedischargeofmenstrualorpostpartumbloodceasesduetoawoman'stakingbillsor
injections,Ghusl(ritualbathnecessaryforofferingactsofworship)becomesnecessaryin
orderforhertooffersuchactsofworshipasHajj,Salah(Prayer)orSawm(Fast).Shewillhold
thesamerulingappliedtowomenwhoarenotexperiencingmenstrualorpostpartum
bleeding.
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RulingondischargeofbloodafterperformingGhusl
Q:SometimeswhenIperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)aftermy
menstrualperiod,whichnormallylastsforfivedays,Inoticeaslightdischargeofbloodonthe
sixthday.MustIcountthatsixthdayamongthedaysofmymenstrualperiodand
consequentlystopobservingSawm(Fast)orofferingSalah(Prayer)onthatday?OrdoIhave
tostartfastingandofferingSalahrightaftermymenstrualperiodends?Iwouldliketo
mentionthatthisoccursalmostalwaysaftertwoorthreeregularmenstrualperiods.
Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou.
A : Ifthecolorofthebloodyounoticeisyellowishordarkbrown,itisnothingandtakesthe
rulingofurine.
Ifitisrealblood,itisconsideredmenstrualbloodandyoumusttorepeatyourGhusl.Thisis
basedontheauthenticHadithnarratedbyUmmÀtiyyah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)who
said: Weusedtoconsiderdarkandyellowishdischargeasnothing(i.e.notmenses).
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Rulingonawomanwhosemenstrualperiodreturnsafterpurification
Q:F.M.A.fromRiyadhasks,"I'mafortytwoyearoldwoman.Mymenstrualperiodlastsfor
fourdays,thenitstopsforthreedays.Andontheseventhdayitreturnsagainbutmore
lightly,andthebrownishdischargecontinuesuntilthetwelfthday.Iusedtosufferfrom
bleeding,butIwascuredfromitpraisebetoAllah.
Iconsultedapiousdoctoraboutmycase.Hetoldmetopurifymyselfonthefourthdayand
performtheobligatoryactsofÌbadah(worship),whetherSalah(Prayer)orSawm(Fast).I
havedonethisfortwoyears.Butsomewomenadvisedmetowaitforeightdayseverymonth.
Pleasetellmethecorrectopinion.
A : Allthedaysinwhichyouseedischargeareconsideredmenstruation.Youshouldabstain
fromSalahandSawmanditisimpermissibleforyourhusbandtohavesexualintercourse
withyouinthesedays.Afterthefirstfourdays,youcanperformGhusl(ritualbath),offer
Salah,havesexualintercoursewithyourhusband,andobserveSawminthedaysinwhichyou
areTahir(rituallypure).
IfthistakesplaceinRamadan,youshouldobserveSawm.WhenyouperformGhuslagain,you
shouldobserveSawmandofferSalahliketheotherTahirwomen,asamenstrualperiodmight
increaseordecreaseinitsnumberofdays,anditmightalsobesporadicorregular.
MayAllahguideeveryonetowhatpleasesHim!MayAllahgrantyou,usandalltheMuslims
comprehensionofandadherencetoreligion!
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TheobligationonamenstruatingwomantoofferMaghribandÌsha'Prayersifshebecomes
Tahirbeforesunrise,andZhuhrandÀsrPrayersifshebecomesTahirbeforesunset
Q:AHMsays,"IfamenstruatingwomanbecomesTahir(rituallypure)beforedawn,shouldshe
offertheMaghrib(Sunset)andtheÌsha'(Night)Prayers?IfshebecomesTahirbeforesunset,
shouldsheoffertheZhuhr(Noon)andtheÀsr(Afternoon)Prayers?"
A : IfamenstruatingwomanorawomaninherpostpartumperiodbecomesTahirbefore
sunset,sheshouldoffertheZhuhrandÀsrPrayers.Thisisaccordingtothemostauthentic
opinionofscholars.IfshebecomesTahirbeforedawn,sheshouldoffertheMahgribandÌsha'
Prayers.
ThiswasnarratedontheauthorityofÀbdulRahmanibnÀwfandÀbdullahibnÀbbas(mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththem),whichistheopinionoftheJumhur(dominantmajorityofscholars).
IfamenstruatingwomanorawomaninherpostpartumperiodbecomesTahirbeforesunrise,
sheshouldoffertheFajr(Dawn)Prayer.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
WhetheramenstruatingwomanshouldoffertheZhuhrorMaghribPrayersifshebecomes
TahirinthetimeofÀsrorÌsha'Prayers
Q:IfamenstruatingwomanbecomesTahirinthetimeofÀsrorÌsha'Prayers,shouldshe
offertheZhuhrandMaghribPrayerswiththem,astheymightbecombinedtogether?
A : IfamenstruatingwomanorawomaninherpostpartumperiodbecomesTahiratthetime
ofÀsrPrayer,sheshouldoffertheZhuhrandÀsrPrayers.Thisisaccordingtothemost
authenticopinionofscholars,astheyhavethesametimeforapersonwhohasanexcuse,
suchasapatientoratraveler.Thiswomanisalsoexcused,asherTaharah(ritual
purification)wasbelated.IfshebecomesTahirduringthetimeofÌsha'Prayer,sheshould
offertheMaghribPrayeraswell.ThiswasmentionedasaFatwabyagroupofSahabah
(CompanionsoftheProphet,mayAllahbepleasedwiththem).
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Menstruatingwomenandwomenintheirpostpartumperiodarenotpermittedtostayinthe
Masjid
Q:AwomanfromRiyadhsays:"Whatistherulingonawomanwhohadmenstrualperiod
whileshe
wasatMasjidRaswlAllah(peacebeuponhim)andstayedthereforawhiletillherfamily
endedtheirSalah(Salah)andleftwiththem?"
A : Ifshecannotgooutalone,therewillbenoblameonher.Butifshecangooutalone,she
hastogooutquickly.Thisisbecausemenstruatingwomenandwomenintheirpostpartum
periodarenotpermittedtostayinMasjids.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: norwhen
youareinastateofJanba,(i.e.inastateofsexualimpurityandhavenotyettakenabath)exceptwhentravellingontheroad
(withoutenoughwater,orjustpassingthroughamosque) ItwasreportedthattheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: "IdonotmaketheMasjidlawfulforamenstruatingwomanandforapersonwhoisinstateofmajorimpurity."
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InterpretingtheHadithof Yourmenstruationisnotinyourhand.
Q:Aquestionersays:"ItwasreportedontheauthorityofÀisha(mayAllahbepleasedwith
her)thatshesaid: 'TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)orderedmetofetchhimsomethingfromtheMasjid.Isaid:
"Iammenstruating."Uponthisheremarked:"Yourmenstruationisnotinyourhand."'" Iwouldliketoknowthe
interpretationofthisHadith.Doesitmeanthatthemenstruatingwomanisnotliabletoenter
theMasjid?MayAllahrewardyouwell!
A : TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Idonotmakethemosquelawfulforamenstruatingwomanandfora
personwhoisinstateofmajorimpurity. Allah(mayHebePraised)says: Oyouwhobelieve!ApproachnotAsSalt
(theprayer)whenyouareinadrunkenstateuntilyouknow(themeaning)ofwhatyouutter,norwhenyouareinastateofJanba,
(i.e.inastateofsexualimpurityandhavenotyettakenabath)exceptwhentravellingontheroad(withoutenoughwater,orjust
passingthroughamosque)
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)hasexcludedthosewhoarepassingthroughtheMasjidfromthose
havingJanabah(majorritualimpurityrelatedtosexualdischarge)andmenstruatingwomen.
TheyareonlypermittedtopassthroughtheMasjidortotakesomethingfromtheMasjidlike
abook,avesselorthelikeandthengooutwithoutstaying.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
saidtoÀishah(MayAllahbepleasedwithher): HandovertometheprayermatfromtheMasjid. Shetold
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)thatshewasmenstruating.Hesaidtoher: Yourmenstruationisnot
inyourhand.
ItmeansthatthereisnothingthatprohibitsherfromenteringtheMasjidtotakewhatshe
needs.Thereisnoblameonthat.WhatisprohibitedisherstayingattheMasjid.Butsheis
permittedtopassthroughtheMasjidorentertheMasjidtobringsomethingandthengoout
withoutstayingthere.ThisisevidencedbytheaforementionedAyah(Qur'anicverse)and
Hadith.
AllahistheOnewhogivessuccess.
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RulingonenteringandperformingSalahatAlHaramformenstruatingwoman
Q:QuestionerH.S.M.,fromRa'sTannurah,asksinhermessage:"Whatistherulingon
women'sgoingouttoAlHaramtowillinglyperformSalah(Prayer)duringtheirmenstrual
period?"
A : Ifawomangoesoutto A lHaramAlSharif(theSacredMosqueinMakkah)toperformSalahduringher
menstrualperiodwillingly,thisisagraveevil.Thisisbecauseoftwothings:
First:sheisnotpermittedtoperformSalahduringhermenstruation.Therefore,doingsoisa
graveevilandherSalahisinvalid.
Second:sheisnotpermittedtostayat A lMasjidAlHaramduringhermenstrualperiod.A
menstruatingwomanandtheJunub(inastateofmajorritualimpurity)arenotpermittedto
stayintheMasjid(mosque).Buttherewillbenoblameonherifshepassesthroughthe
Masjidforsomeneeds.Moreover,performingSalahduringhermenstrualperiodisabigsin.
Shehastostayathome.SheisnotpermittedtogototheMasjidtilltheendofher
menstruation.Ifshebecomespure,shecangoalongwithhersisterstotheMasjid.
ButsheisnotliabletogotoperformSalahorstayattheMasjidalongwithwomen.Doingso
isagraveevil.PerformingSalahduringmenstruation,majororminorritualimpurityrenders
Salahinvalid.Thereisnodoubtthatthisisanabominableact.Moreover,itmayleadto
disbeliefinAllah(ExaltedbeHe)asitlookslikeawomanscorningHim.Ifsheintends,by
doingso,tomockandridiculeIslam,shewillbeaMurtad(apostate)fromthereligionof
Islam.WeseekrefugeinAllahagainstallthesethings.
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RulingonattendinglessonsinMasjidduringmenstruation
Q:IsitpermissibleformenstruatingwomentoattendreligiouslessonsinMasjids(mosques)?
A:Thereisnoproblemifamenstruatingwomanorawomaninherpostpartumperiodstays
atthedoorsofMasjidstolistentoreligiouslessons.However,sheisnotpermittedtositor
stayinsidetheMasjid.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: IdonotmaketheMasjidlawfulfora
menstruatingwomanandforaJunub(apersoninastateofmajorritualimpurity).
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MenstruatingwomenenteringtheannexesoftheMasjid
Q:AquestionerfromtheUSAsaysinhisquestion:ThereisaMasjid(mosque)intheUSAthat
hasthreefloors.ThehighestfloorisaMusalla(aplaceforPrayer)forwomen.Themiddle
flooristheMasjid.Thelowestfloorisabasementcomprisingwaterclosets,ashopforIslamic
magazinesandnewspapers,classesforteachingwomen,andaplacewherewomencan
performSalah(Prayer).Isitpermissibleformenstruatingwomentostayonthisgroundfloor?
Moreover,thereispillarthatcutstherowduringcongregationalSalahanddividesitintotwo
parts.Doesitseparatetherow?
A : IftheaforementionedbuildingispreparedasaMasjidandthosewhoareinthehighest
andlowestfloorshearthevoiceoftheImam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer),their
Salahwillbevalid.Ifthisisthecase,menstruatingwomenarenotpermittedtostayonthe
lowestfloorannexedtotheMasjid.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: IdonotmaketheMasjid
lawfulforamenstruatingwomanandforaJunub(apersoninastateofmajorritualimpurity).
However,menstruatingwomenarepermittedtopassthroughtheMasjidtotakewhatthey
need.TheyshouldbecarefulnottosoiltheMasjidwithblood.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: nor
whenyouareinastateofJanba,(i.e.inastateofsexualimpurityandhavenotyettakenabath)exceptwhentravellingontheroad
(withoutenoughwater,orjustpassingthroughamosque)
ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)askedÀishahtobringhim
somethingfromtheMasjid.Shetoldhimthatshewasmenstruating.TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said: Yourmenstruationisnotinyourhand.
However,iftheWaqf(endowment)donordidnotdesignatethelowestflooraspartofthe
Masjid,buthedesignateditasastoreorashopforwhatismentionedabove,thisfloorwill
nottaketherulingoftheMasjid.Inthiscase,itwillbepermittedformenstruatingwomen
andtheJunubtostayinthisplace.TherewillalsobenoblametoperformSalahinthatpure
andcleanplaceasitissimilartootherpureandcleanplacesinwhichthereisnothingthat
prohibitsperformingSalahatthem.However,apersonwhoperformsSalahinthatplaceshall
notfollowtheImamiftheycannotseehimorsomeoftheMa'mums(personsbeingledbyan
ImaminPrayer).ThisisbecausethisplaceisnotpartoftheMasjidaccordingtothesoundest
opinionofscholars.
ThepillarthatdividestherowduringSalahwillnotaffectSalah.However,itwillbebetterto
maketherowforcongregationalSalahbeforeorafterthepillar,ifpossible,inordernotto
dividetherow.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DifferencebetweenmenstrualbloodandIstihadah
Q:SomewomencannotdifferentiatebetweenmenstrualbloodandIstihadah(abnormal
vaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod).TheystopofferingSalah
(Prayer)aslongasbleedingcontinues.Whatistherulingonthis?
A : MenstruationisbloodthatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)hasordaineduponallwomeneverymonth
asmentionedintheSahih(authentic)Hadith.
AwomanwhoexperiencesIstihadahmightbeoneofthreecases.First,ifsheexperiencesthis
forthefirsttime,sheshouldabstainfromSalah,Sawm(Fast)andsexualintercoursewithher
husbanduntilsheispurified,providedthatthislastsforfifteendaysorlessaccordingtothe
Jumhur(dominantmajorityofscholars).
Second,ifbleedingcontinuesformorethanfifteendays,thisisconsideredIstihadah.Thedays
ofhermenstruationareconsideredsixorsevenonly,justlikeherpeers,ifshecannot
differentiatebetweenmenstrualbloodandothers.
Ifshecandifferentiatebetweenthem,sheshouldabstainfromSalah,Sawmandsexual
intercoursewithherhusbandduringhermenstruation,whichshedistinguishesbythedark
colororbadsmellofblood,andthensheshouldperformGhusl(ritualbath)andofferSalah,
providedthatthisperioddoesnotexceedfifteendays.
Third,ifshehasfixeddaysofmenstruation,whenthosedayscometoanend,sheshould
performGhusl,andthenperformWudu'(ablution)foreachSalahafterthebeginningofits
timeaslongassheisbleeding.Herhusbandmayalsohavesexualintercoursewithher,until
thetimeofhernextmenstrualperiodbegins.ThisisthesummaryoftheHadiththatwere
mentionedaboutwomenwhoexperienceIstihadah.Theywerementionedbytheauthorof
" A lBulugh",AlHafizhIbnHajar,andtheauthorof"AlMuntaqa",AlMajdibnTaymiyyah(mayAllahbe
mercifulwiththem).
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RulingonSalahforpregnantwomensufferingenuresis
Q:AsisterfromMoroccosays,"Aninemonthpregnantwomansuffersfromenuresis,soshe
hasstoppedofferingSalah(Prayer).Willshebepunishedforthis?Whatshouldshedo?
A : ThiswomanandthoselikehershouldnotstopofferingSalah.Sheshouldperform
Wudu'(ablution)foreachSalah,asifsheisexperiencingIstihadah(abnormalvaginalbleeding
outsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod),wrapcottonoranythingtopreventtheleakage
ofurine,andofferSalahinitsduetime.ItispermissibleforhertooffersupererogatorySalah
aswell.ShecanalsocombineZhuhr(Noon)andÀsr(Afternoon)Prayers,aswellasMaghrib
(Sunset)andÌsha'(Night)Prayers,justlikeawomanwhoexperiencesIstihadah.Thisis
becauseAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan
SheshouldmakeupfortheSalahshedidnotofferandperformTawbah(repentancetoAllah).
Sheshouldregretwhatshedidandbedeterminednottodoitagain,accordingtothesaying
ofAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe): AndallofyoubegAllhtoforgiveyouall,Obelievers,thatyoumaybe
successful
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Thereisnominimumforthepostpartumperiod
Q:IsitpermissibleforawomaninherpostpartumperiodtoofferSalah(Prayer)andobserve
Sawm(Fast)ifshebecomesTahir(rituallypure)inlessthanfortydays?
A : IfawomaninherpostpartumperiodbecomesTahirinlessthanfortydays,sheshouldperformGhusl
(ritualbath),offerSalahandobserveSawminRamadanandherhusbandmayhavesexualintercoursewith
her.ThisisbasedonIjma`(consensusofscholars).Thereisnominimumforthepostpartumperiod.May
Allahgrantussuccess!
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BleedingafterTaharahfrompostpartumperiod
Q:AnewlydeliveredwomanbecameTahir(rituallypure)andobservedSawm(Fast)in
Ramadan.She,then,startedtobleedagain.ShouldshebreakherSawminthatcase?Should
shemakeupforthedaysinwhichsheobservedSawm?
A : IfanewlydeliveredwomanbecomesTahir,observesSawmforafewdaysandthenstarts
tobleedagainbeforecompletingfortydays,herSawmisvalid.However,sheshouldabstain
fromSalah(Prayer)andSawmifshestartstobleedagain,becauseitisconsidered
postpartumperiod,untilsheispurifiedagainorshe
completesfortydays.Whenshecompletesfortydays,sheshouldperformGhusl(ritualbath),
evenifthebleedinghasnotstoppedyet,becausethemaximumofthepostpartumperiodis
fortydaysaccordingtothemostcorrectopinionofscholars.Then,sheshouldperform
Wudu'(ablution)foreachSalahuntilthebleedingstops,astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
orderedwomenwhoexperienceIstihadah(abnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrual
orpostpartumperiod)todothis.Herhusbandmayhavesexualintercoursewithher,evenif
thebleedinghasnotstoppedyet,becausethisisabnormalbleedingwhichdoesnotprevent
fromSalah,Sawmorhavingsexualintercourse.However,ifthebleedingafterfortydays
coincideswiththedateofhermenstrualperiod,sheshouldabstainfromSalahandSawm,and
consideritmenstruation.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Newlydeliveredwomengoingoutofhomes
Q:Apersoninquires:Shouldanewlydeliveredwomanstayathomeuntiltheendofthe
postpartumperiod?
A : Anewlydeliveredwomanislikeotherwomen,thatis,thereisnoharmingoingoutofher
homeincaseofnecessity.Ifthereisnonecessity,itisbetterforallwomentostayathome.
ThisisaccordingtothefollowingAyah(Qur'anicverse)inwhichAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says:
Andstayinyourhouses,anddonotdisplayyourselveslikethatofthetimesofignorance MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Rulingonawoman'smiscarriage
Q:AquestionerfromAlKhubarsays:Somepregnantwomenaresubjecttomiscarriage.In
somecases,theembryoisalreadyformedandinothersitisnot.IhopeYourEminencewould
clarifytherulingonSalah(Prayer)inbothcases.
A : Ifawomanmiscarriesinastageatwhichtheorgansoftheembryobecomeclearlyformed,
suchashead,hand,feet,orothers,sheisconsideredtobeinpostpartumperiodandissubject
toitsruling.Therefore,sheshouldnotofferSalahorobserveSawm(Fast).Itisnot
permissibleforherhusbandtohavesexualintercoursewithheruntilshebecomestotally
Tahir(rituallypure)orcompletesfortydays.
WhenevershebecomesTahirbeforethefortydaysareover,sheshouldperformGhusl(ritual
bath),offerSalahandobserveSawminRamadan.Moreover,itbecomespermissibleforher
husbandtohavesexualintercoursewithher.
Thereisnodefinitelimitfortheshortestpostpartumperiod.IfawomanbecomesTahir,
beforeorafterthetenthdayofdelivery,sheshouldperformGhuslandobservetheactsof
worshipofferedduringTaharah(ritualpurification)aspreviouslymentioned.Whatevershe
seesafterthefortydaysisjustabnormalbleedingwithwhichshecanofferSalahandSawm,
andengageinsexualintercoursewithherhusband.ShehastoperformWudu'(ablution)for
everySalah,justlikethecaseofawomanhavingIstihadah(abnormalvaginalbleeding
outsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod).ThisisbecausetheProphet(peacebeupon
him)saidtoFatimahbintAbuHubayshwhenshewasexperiencingIstihadah: ...andperformWudu'forevery
Salah.
Overandabove,iftheblooddischargedafterthefortiethdaycoincideswiththetimeofher
menstrualperiod,sheshouldabidebytherulingsofamenstruatingwoman,thatis,refraining
fromofferingSalahandSawm,andhavingintercoursewithherhusbanduntilshebecomes
Tahir.
Ontheotherhand,iftheabortedembryoisstillapieceoffleshorabloodclot,thatisnotyet
formedasahuman,thewomanwilltaketherulingofawomanwhoisexperiencingIstihadah
andnotawomaninpostpartumormenstrualperiod.Accordingly,sheshouldobserveSalah
andSawm,andcanengageinsexualintercoursewithherhusband.But,sheshouldoffer
Wudu'foreverySalahalongwithensuringthatnobloodleaksbyusingcottonorthelikeuntil
shebecomesTahir.ItisalsopermissibleforhertocombinebetweenZhuhr(Noon)andÀsr
(Afternoon)PrayersandbetweenMaghrib(Sunset)andÌsha'(Night)Prayers.Itisprescribed
forhertoperformGhuslforbothcombinedsetsofPrayeraswellasfortheFajr(Dawn)
Prayer,accordingtotheHadithofHimnahbintJahshthatwasauthenticallyreportedtothateffect.
She,thus,takestherulingofawomanexperiencingIstihadahaccordingtotheopinionof
scholars.
Additionally,ifmiscarriageoccursduringthefifthmonthorafterthat,theembryoshouldbe
washedandenshrouded,andpeopleshouldofferFuneralPrayer.Parentsshouldalsonameit
andofferÀqiqah(sacrificeforanewborn)foritssakeasitiscountedasahuman,whois
subjecttotherulingsofthenewborn.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Rulingonblooddischargedaftermiscarriage
Q:Ifawomanmiscarries,whatistherulingonthedischargedblood?Isitconsidered
postpartumormenstrualblood?
A : Ifmiscarriageoccursinastageatwhichtheorgansoftheembryobecomeclearlyformed,
suchastheheadorthehands,eveniftheyarehidden,theblooddischargedisconsidered
postpartumblood.Inthiscase,sheshould
refrainfromofferingSalah(Prayer)andobservingSawm(Fast)untilshebecomesTahir
(rituallypure)orcompletesfortydays,forthisisthemaximumlimitforpostpartumperiod.
However,ifshebecomesTahirpriortothat,sheshouldperformGhusl(ritualbath)and
observeSalahandSawm.Italsobecomeslawfulforhertohavesexualintercoursewithher
husband.But,iftheblooddischargecontinues,sheshouldrefrainfromobservingSalahand
Sawmandengaginginsexualintercoursewithherhusbanduntilshecompletesfortydays
afterwhichsheshouldperformGhuslandobserveSalahandSawm.Itbecomeslawfulforher
tohaveintercoursewithherhusband,evenifshestilldischargesblood.Forinthiscase,it
wouldbeabnormalbleedingforwhichsheshouldperformWudu'(ablution)atthetimeof
eachSalahalongwithensuringthatnobloodleaks,justlikeawomanwhoobservesIstihadah
(abnormalvaginalbleedingoutsidethemenstrualorpostpartumperiod)andanenuresis
patient.
Ontheotherhand,ifthemiscarriedembryoisapieceoffleshorabloodclot,thatisnotyet
formedasahuman,theblooddischargedwillbeabnormalblood.ShecanobserveSawmand
SalahalongwithperformingWudu'foreverySalahandbeingcautiousagainsttheblood
leaking.
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GivingbirthafterthetimeofSalahbecomesdue
Q:AwomanmaygivebirthafterthetimeofSalah(Prayer)becomesdue.Shouldshemakeup
forthismissedSalahafterthepostpartumperiodisover?
A : ShedoesnothavetomakeupforthismissedSalahifshewasnotnegligent.However,if
shedelaystheSalahuntilthelastportionofitsduetimeandgivesbirthbeforeofferingit,she
hastomakeupforitafterthepostpartumperiodisover.Itisanalogoustoawomanwho
shouldmakeupfortheSalahshemissesbecauseofdelayingofferingituntilthelastportion
ofitsduetimeandhavingmenstruationbeforeofferingit,forshewasnegligent.MayAllah
grantussuccess!
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TheBookofSalah
ImportanceofSalah
ImportanceofSalah
AllpraisebetoAllah,Lordofallcreation.Thereshouldbenohostilityexceptagainstthe
oppressors.MayAllah'speaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyand
allhisCompanions!Toproceed:OneshouldgivedueconcerntoSalah(Prayer)asitholdsagreat
positioninIslam.OnemustoffersincereworshiptoAllahalone,withoutpartnersanddisavowanything
otherthanAllah.OneshouldbelieveinAllahastheOnlyTrueGodandthatanythingworshippedbeside
Himisnomorethanfalsehood.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)statesinSurahAlHajj: Thatisbecause
AllhHeistheTruth(theonlyTrueGodofallthatexists,WhohasnopartnersorrivalswithHim),andwhatthey(thepolytheists)
invokebesidesHim,itisBtil(falsehood). InSurahLuqman,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)alsostates: ThatisbecauseAllh,
Allah(Glorifiedbe
HeistheTruth,andthatwhichtheyinvokebesidesHimisAlBtil(falsehood,Satanandallotherfalsedeities)
He)states: AndyourLordhasdecreedthatyouworshipnonebutHim. And: You(Alone)weworship,andYou(Alone)weask
forhelp(foreachandeverything). And: Andtheywerecommandednot,butthattheyshouldworshipAllh,andworshipnonebut
HimAlone(abstainingfromascribingpartnerstoHim)
ThisistheinnermostcoreoftheIslamicfaiththroughwhichonecanembraceIslam.Testifyingthatthereis
nogodbutAllahiscoupledwithtestifyingthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah.Thesetwoinseparable
testimoniesconstitutetheveryfoundationofIslamwithoutwhichnoonecanberightfullycalledaMuslim.
TheyserveasindispensableprerequisitesforembracingIslam.Therefore,Islamisonlyachievedby
declaringtheOnenessofAllahandbelievingthatMuhammad(peacebeuponhim)istheMessengerof
Allah.ApersonwhoobservesSawm(Fast)byday,standsupinSalahthroughoutthenightandoffersall
actsofworship,yetdisbelievesinMuhammad(peacebeuponhim)afterbeingsentbyAllahtoallmankind,
isdeemedasaKafir(disbeliever)accordingtotheviewheldbyallscholars.IfonebelievesMuhammadtobe
thetrueMessengerofAllah,yetassociatesothersintheworshipofAllahlikeanangel,aprophet,anidol,a
tree,astone,aJinn(creaturescreatedfromfire),orastar,theyareconsideredasamisguidedKafir.Itis
thereforeabasicarticleoffaithtobelieveintheOnenessofAllahandtobesincereinworshippingHim.
ItisalsoanarticleoffaithtobelievethatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllahwhomAllahsenttoJinnand
mankind.ProphetswhocamebeforehimweresenttoparticularpeoplebutourProphetMuhammad(peace
beuponhim)wassenttoallofmankind,ArabsandnonArabs,Jinnandhumanbeings,malesandfemales,
therichandthepoorandtherulersandtheruled.TheMessageofIslamaddressesthemall.Whoever
respondstothecalltoenterIslam,surrendersthemselvestoitandhasfaithinitwillenterJannah
(Paradise),butwhoeverturnsawayoutofarrogancewillenterHell.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)states: butthoseof
thesects(Jews,ChristiansandalltheothernonMuslimnations)thatrejectit(theQurn),theFirewillbetheirpromisedmeeting
place. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated:
ByHiminwhoseHandmysoulis,everyJeworChristianofthisUmmah(nation)whohearsaboutmeanddiesunbelievinginmewill
He(peacebeuponhim)isalsoreportedtohavesaid: Everyprophetwassenttohis
beoftheinhabitantsofHellfire.
Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)affirmsthisfactinHissaying:
nationonlybutIhavebeensenttoallmankind.
Say(OMuhammad):"Omankind!Verily,IamsenttoyouallastheMessengerofAllh And: AndWehavenot
sentyou(OMuhammad)exceptasagiverofgladtidingsandawarnertoallmankind And: AndWehavesent
you(OMuhammad):notbutasamercyfortheAlamn(mankind,jinnandallthatexists). Maypeaceand
blessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad!
SalahisthesecondgreatestpillarnextonlytoShahadah(TestimonyofFaith).Whoeversafeguardsitwill
preservetheirDin(religion)ofIslamandwhoeverneglectsitwillneglectallotherobligationsofDeen.Itis
narratedintheMusnad(Hadithcompilationof)ImamAhmadwithagoodIsnad(chainofnarrators)onthe
authorityofÀbdullahibnÀmribnAlÀs(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)thatonedaytheProphet(peace
beuponhim)spoketohisSahabah(Companions)aboutSalahandsaid: Whosoeverobservesitregularly,itwillbe
asourceoflight,authoritativeproofandameansofsalvationtohimontheDayofResurrection,andwhosoeverdoesnotobserveit
regularly,itwillnotbeasourceoflight,authoritativeproofandameansofsalvationtohimontheDayofResurrectionandonthat
dayhewilljointhecompanyofPharoah,Haman,Kora(Qarun)andUbayyibnKhalaf. CommentingontheaboveHadith,
somescholarssaid:"OntheDayofResurrectiononewhoabandonsSalahwilljointhecompanyofPharoah,
Haman,Qarun,andUbayyibnKhalafonaccountofhisimitatingthem.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)states:
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Assemblethosewhodidwrong,togetherwiththeircompanions(fromthedevils) TheywillbewiththeirlikesontheDay
ofJudgment.
Thereasonisthatifheabandonsitforthesakeofholdingaprestigiousposition,hewillbebehavinglike
Pharoahwho,beinganenemytoMusa(Moses,peacebeuponhim)transgressedandbehavedarrogantly
takingadvantageofhisroyalposition.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)states: CauseFirauns(Pharaoh)peopletoenterthe
severesttorment! WeaskAllahtoprotectusfromthis.ThesamewastruewithHaman,Pharoah'sministerwho,
takingadvantageofhisposition,behavedarrogantlyandrefusedtofollowMusa(Moses,peacebeupon
him).WeseekrefugewithAllahfromthis.OnewhoneglectsSalahbecauseofwealthandlustingafter
desiresissimilartoQarunwhomAllahgaveabundantwealth,yethebehavedarrogantlyandtransgressedin
thelanduntilAllahcausedtheearthtoswallowhimuptogetherwithhisdwelling.Asaresult,hewillbe
admittedintoHellwithhimontheDayofResurrection.
OnewhoabandonsSalahduetobeingpreoccupiedwithbuying,selling,orotherworldlyearningsor
ingaginginvarioustransactionsforthesolepurposeofamassinglargeamountsofwealthwillontheDayof
ResurrectionjoincompanywithUbayibnKhalaf,theMakkanmerchantwhodeniedIslam.WeaskAllahtoprotectus
fromimitatingorbehavinglikeKafirs(disbelievers).
AllthisindicatesthegreatpositionwhichSalahholdsinIslam.Itwasauthenticallyreportedthatthe
MessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)stated: ThepeakofthematterisIslamthepillarisSalahanditstopmostpart
isJihad(Fighting/StrugglingintheCauseofAllah). TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsostated: Thatwhich
differentiatesusfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesaKafir.
ThisHadithwasrelatedbyImamAhmad,AbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'yandIbnMajahwithagood
Sanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraydah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).Muslimalsorelatedin
hisSahih(AuthenticBookofHadith)ontheauthorityofJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)stated: WhatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah.
Ifweexaminetheconditionsofpeoplenowadays,wewillfindthatmanypeopleareneglectfulofoffering
Salahincongregation.ThereisneithermightnorpowerexceptwithAllah.WeaskAllahtoguideusandall
Muslims.
ThoughAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)bestowscountlessfavorsandinnumerableblessingsonman,he
continuesinhistransgression.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)states: Nay!Verily,mandoestransgress(in
disbeliefandevildeed). Becauseheconsidershimselfselfsufficient.
Allahshowerspeoplewithplentifulblessings,yettheymeetthiswithdisobedienceandingratitude.Weseek
refugewithAllahfromthis.ItisthedutyofeveryMuslimtowarnthosearoundthemofthesevere
punishmentawaitingthosewhoneglectofferingSalah.EveryMuslimshoulddotheirbesttoguideanddirect
thosewhoareneglectfulofSalahoranyotherrightduetoAllahoranyofHisservants.ItmaybethatAllah
willmakesthemasourceofguidancetotheirmisguidedbrothers.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)is
reportedtohavestated: Thosewhoarepresentshouldconveyit(thisinformation)tothosewhoareabsent,astheinformed
onemightcomprehendit(whatIhavesaid)betterthanthepresentaudiencewhowillconveyittohim.
AgroupofscholarsheldtheviewthatneglectingSalahoutoflazinessyetadmittingitsbeinganobligatory
dutyalsoconstitutesanactofmajorKufr(disbelief).TheybasetheiropinionontheAyahsandHadiths
mentionedabove.Thisviewisthemorecorrect
ofthetwoviewsheldbyscholars.SupportingthisviewisthegeneralmeaningsoftheHadithsnarratedin
thisregard.IncludedamongtheseHadithsistheoneinwhichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: That
whichdifferentiatesusfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesaKafir. The
Hadithdoesnotsay:"Whoeverdeniesitsbeinganobligatoryduty,becomesaKafir".Rather,itsays:
Whoeverabandonsit,becomesaKafir. ThisgeneralimplicationincludesallthosewhoabandonSalah,whether
denyingitsbeinganobligatorydutyornot.InanotherHadith,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)isreported
tohavestated: WhatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah.
TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)wasthemosteloquentandknowledgeableofmen.Hewould
haveexplainedtherulingonneglectingSalahifhadseentheneedtodoso.Nothingwouldhavehindered
himfrominformingusthatwhoeverdeniestheobligatorystatusofSalahwouldbeconsideredsuchand
such.TheProphetconsideredmereabandonmentofSalahasanactofKufr(disbelief)bystating: Thatwhich
differentiatesusfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. This
indicatesthatmerelyabandoningSalahisanactofKufr.However,intentionalabandonmentofSalah
constitutesanactofmajorKufrandRiddah(apostasy).WeaskAllahtoprotectusfromthis.
ItisnotpermissibleforaMuslimwifetostaywithherhusbandwhoabandonsSalahuntilheturnsbackto
Allahandrepentsofhissin.InthewordsofÀbdullahibnShaqiqAlÙqayly,oneofthegreatscholarsofTabiùn
(Followers,thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet)(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim):"The www.ircpk.com
Sahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet,peacebeuponhim)woulddeemnothingasKufr(disbelief)exceptfor
abandonmentofSalah."
ThismeansthattheSahabahhadunanimousagreementoverdeemingabandonmentofSalahasanactof
Kufr(disbeleief).TheyneverstipulatedthatinordertolabelsomeonewhoabandonsSalahasaKafir,they
mustdenyitsobligatorystatus.AsforonewhodeniesSalahasbeinganobligatoryduty,theyare
committingmajorKufreveniftheyofferSalahincongregation.Thisviewisheldbyallscholars.Weask
Allahtoprotectusfromthis.
ThesameappliestodenyingtheobligatorydutyofZakah(obligatorycharity),Sawm(Fast)orHajjifoneis
abletoperformit.MayAllahsafeguardusagainstallthesethings!
Likewise,ifoneclaimsthelawfulnessofZina(sexualintercourseoutsidemarriage),Khamr(intoxicant)
drinking,sodomy,undutifulnesstoone'sparents,dealinginRiba(usury),theywillbeconsideredasKafirs
(disbelievers)accordingtotheunanimousagreementofMuslims.WeaskAllahtoprotectusfromthis,asin
suchacaseoneattemptstolegalizewhatAllahdeclaredprohibited.However,ifoneisignorantofthe
ruling,theymustbeinformed.IftheycontinuetodenytheobligatorystatusofSalah,theywillbelabeledas
KafiraccordingtotheunanimousagreementofMuslimsaspreviouslymentioned.
Allahalonegrantssuccess!MayAllah'speaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyand
Companions!
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EffectofabandoningSalahonmarriagecontract
Q:WhatistherulingonabandoningSalah(Prayer)?Iheardasheikhintheprogram"NurÀla
AlDarb"sayingthatthemarriagecontractbetweenaMuslimmanandaMuslimwomanwho
doesnotofferSalahisBatil(nullandvoid),evenifsheperformsSalahaftermarriage.Fifty
percentofmyvillageinhabitantsdonotofferSalahbeforemarriage.Pleasegiveusadetailed
explanation.
A : ItisindicatedintheQur'anandSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)thatSalah
isthegreatestandmostimportantactofworshipfollowinginrankonlytheShahadah
(TestimonyofFaith).ItisthemainpillarofIslamandallMukallafs(personsmeetingthe
conditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions)fromamongtheMuslimsare
obligatedtoobserveofferingSalahinthemannerprescribedbyAllah'sPurifiedShar`(Law).
Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Guardstrictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especiallythe
middleSalt(i.e.thebestprayer Asr).AndstandbeforeAllhwithobedience[anddonotspeaktoothersduringtheSalt
(prayers)]. He(ExaltedbeHe)alsosays: ButiftheyrepentandperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,
thenleavetheirwayfree. Moreover,Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgive
Zaktandbowdown(orsubmityourselveswithobediencetoAllh)alongwithArRakin.
ThisclearlyindicatesthatthosewhodonotofferSalahshallnotbesetfree.Rather,they
shouldbefought.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Butiftheyrepent,performAsSalt(IqmatasSalt)andgive
Zakt,thentheyareyourbrethreninreligion. ThisAyah(Qur'anicverse)indicatesthatthosewhodonot
offerSalaharenotbrethreninreligion.TherearemanyotherAyahstothesameeffect.
Similarly,itwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thepeakof
thematterisIslamitspillarisSalahanditstopmostpartisJihad(Fighting/StrugglingintheCauseofAllah). He(peacebe
uponhim)wasalsoauthenticallyreportedtohavesaid: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.non
Muslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir(disbeliever). (RelatedbyImamAhmad
andAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)
throughaSahih(authentic)chainofnarratorsontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusayb(mayAllah
bepleasedwithhim))Moreover,ImamMuslimrelatedinhisSahihBookofHadithonthe
authorityofJabiribnÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwithbothofthem)thattheProphet(peace
beuponhim)said: WhatmakesmanaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andaKafiris
abandoningSalah.
Actually,usingtheword"man"abovedoesnotexcludewomen,forwomenaresimilarly
addressedbythesamerulingsandviceversaunlessthereisevidenceconfiningarulingtoone
gender.AlltheseHadithindicatethatonewhoabandons
Salah,incasehe/sheisMukallaf,isdeemedaKafir.
ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)gavethefollowinganswer
toaquestiononwhethertofightagainstrulerswhodonotestablishreligiousrulings
properly: No,unlessyounoticeevidentKufr(disbelief)regardingwhichthereisaprooffromAllah. Inanother
narration,hesaid: No,aslongastheyestablishSalahamongyou.
ThisclearlyindicatesthatnonestablishmentofSalahisevidentKufr.
Scholarshavedifferedregardingthisissue.
SomescholarsareoftheviewthatHadithindicatingjudgingonewhoabandonsSalahtobea
KafiraretobeunderstoodwithinthecontextofrebukingandseverewarningandthatKufr
hereislessindegreethanactualKufr.Thisistheviewofthemajorityofscholars.
However,agroupofscholarsviewthatabandoningSalahismajorKufrbasedontheliteral
meaningofauthenticallyreportedHadith.AnexampleistheHadithstating: Whatmakesmana
MushrikandaKafirisabandoningSalah.
InArabic,oncethedefinitearticle(Al)isprefixedtothewordKufrandShirk(associating
otherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship),itdenotesmajorKufrandShirk.TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.Anyone
whoabandonsitbecomesaKafir.
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ThisindicatesthattheHadithreferstomajorKufr,whichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
attributedtoabandoningSalah.ItisnotstrangethatabandoningSalahisdescribedtobe
majorKufrsinceitisthepillarofIslam.ÀbdullahibnShaqiqAlÙqayly,thereverendTabi`y(Follower,
thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet),reportedthattheCompanionsnever
consideredabandoningsomethinganactofKufrexceptSalah.
TheconsensusoftheCompanions,thus,indicatesthatabandoningSalahismajorKufrasthey
knewthatviolationofsuchreligiouscommandmentsasimpugningone'slineageandfighting
againstMuslimsisKufrthatislessindegreethanactualKufr.Inthisregard,theProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: AbusingaMuslimisFisq(flagrantviolationofIslamiclaw)andkillinghimisKufr. Thus,
doingsoisKufrthatislessindegreethanactualKufrsolongasonedoesnotdeemdoingso
lawful.Bythesametoken,he(peacebeuponhim)said: DenyingyourancestryisKufr. He(peacebe
uponhim)said: Two(things)arefoundamongmenandtheyaretantamounttoKufr:impugninglineageandwailingforthe
dead. SuchactsdenoteKufrthatislessindegreethanactualKufr,accordingtoscholars,asthe
definitearticle(Al)isnotprefixedtotheword"Kufr"intheabovequotedHadith.
OtherevidenceindicatethatKufrintheseHadithdenotesonelessindegreethanmajorKufr,
unlikeSalahwhichisrankedimmediatelyaftertheShahadahandisthepillarofIslam.Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)informsusaboutitsrulingwhenHeprescribedfightingagainst
Kafirs.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: ButiftheyrepentandperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,then
leavetheirwayfree. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: IamforbiddentokillthosewhoperformSalah.
TheHadithclearlyindicatesthatthosewhodonotofferSalaharetobekilledandmaynotbe
setfreeunlesstheyrepent.
Inshort,thesoundopinionsupportedbystrongerevidenceisthatabandoningSalahismajor
Kufr,evenifonewhoabandonsitdoesnotdenytheobligationofperformingit.Inthisregard,
theviewofthemajorityofscholarsshouldnotbetakenintoconsideration.Actually,strength
andauthorityofanopiniondependsontheevidencesupportingit,notonthenumberofthose
holdingit.Thus,thereisalotofevidencejudgingonewhoabandonsSalahtohavecommitted
majorKufr.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Ihavebeencommandedtofightthepeopleuntiltheytestify
thatthereisnodeitybutAllah.Iftheydoso,thentheirbloodandwealtharesafefromme,except
incasesdictatedbyIslamiclaw. ThisHadithshouldbeunderstoodinthelightoftheotherHadithstating: Ihavebeenorderedto

fightagainstthepeopleuntiltheytestifythatthereisnodeitybutAllahandthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah,andofferSalah
(perfectly)andgiveZakah(obligatorycharity).Iftheyperformallthat,thentheyhavesavedtheirlivesandpropertyfrommeexcept
(incasesdictatedby)Islamiclaw. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslimontheauthorityofIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwith
bothofthem))
Thus,thereisnosafetyexceptforthosewhoofferSalah.Moreover,onewhodoesnotofferSalahdoesnot,infact,performthedues
oftheShahadah.SupposethatamantestifiesthatthereisnodeitybutAllahandthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah,performs
Salah,observesSawm(Fast)anddoesotheractsofworshipwhiledeemingadulterytobelawful,suchapersonisunanimously
consideredtobeaKafir.ThesameappliestothosewhodeemKhamr(intoxicant)orsodomytobelawful,orurinateonortreada
M u shaf(ArabicQur'an)soastomakelightofit.Suchpersons,whocommitanacthavingtheeffectofnullifyingfaith,willbejudged
asKafirsandmaynotbesavedformerelysayingtheShahadah.ThisrulingisexplainedbyallscholarsofthefourMadhhabs
(SchoolsofJurisprudence)underchaptersonapostates.
Thus,itshouldbeknownthatamarriagebetweenaMuslimman,whooffersSalahanddoesnotshowanysignsofKufr,anda
womanwhodoesnotofferSalah,isBatilandviceversa.ThisisbecauseitisnotpermissibleforaMuslimmantomarryadisbelieving
woman.Likewise,aMuslimwomanmaynotmarryadisbelievingman.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)saysinSurahAl
Mumtahanah,regardingmarryingdisbelievingwomen: Theyarenotlawful(wives)forthedisbelieversnorarethedisbelieverslawful
(husbands)forthem. Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosaysinSurahAlBaqarah: AnddonotmarryAlMushrikt(idolatresses,etc.)till
theybelieve(worshipAllhAlone).Andindeedaslavewomanwhobelievesisbetterthana(free)Mushrikah(idolatress),eventhough
shepleasesyou.Andgivenot(yourdaughters)inmarriagetoAlMushrikntilltheybelieve(inAllhAlone)andverily,abelieving
slaveisbetterthana(free)Mushrik(idolater),eventhoughhepleasesyou.
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RulingonconcludingmarriagewhenonespouseneglectsSalah
Q:IamaMa'dhun(marriageregistrant)andIheardfromsomescholarsthatamarriage
contractfortwospouses,whenoneofthemdoesnotofferSalah(Prayer),isBatil(nulland
void)anditisnotpermissibletoconcludeit.Isthiscorrect?ShouldIinquireaboutwhether
thespousesofferSalahornotorconcludethecontractanddisregardthisquestion?
Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahrewardyou!
A : IntheNameofAllahandpraiseisduetoHim.Ifyouknowthateitherofthetwospouses
doesnotofferSalah,youshouldnotconcludethemarriagecontractforthem.Thisisbecause
abandoningSalahistantamounttoKufr(disbelief)accordingtotheProphet'ssaying: What
makesoneaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andaKafir(disbeliever)isabandoningSalah.
(RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
alsosaid:
Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir.
(RelatedbyImamAhmadandtheFourCompilersofHadith(ImamsAbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,
AlNasa'yandIbnMajah)withanauthenticchainofnarrators)
WeimploreAllahtosettheconditionsofMuslimsrightandguidethem,forHeisAllHearer,
EverNear.
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AdvicetoamotherwhosesonneglectsSalah
Q:Thoughmysonissixteenyearsold,heneglectsofferingSalah(Prayer).SometimesI
entreatinglyadvisehimandsomeothertimesIthreatentopunishhim,butheonlyturnsa
deafear.HeunderestimatesSalahandsometimesclaimsthathecannotofferitbecausehe
suffersfromSatanicinsinuations.Pleasehelpmewiththisdifficultandembarrassingsituation
anddirectmetowardstherightcourseofaction.SinceIamapowerlesswidow,your
assistanceinthismatterismuchneeded.MayAllahrewardyou!
A : YoumustcontinuetoadviseyoursonnottobeneglectfulofSalah.Youhavealsotodirect
himtodogoodthingsandwarnhimagainstincurringAllah'swrath.Addressingthedwellers
oftheFire,Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: "WhathascausedyoutoenterHell?" Theywillsay:
"WewerenotofthosewhousedtooffertheSalt(prayers),
AbandonmentofSalahistantamounttoKufr(disbelief),anditisoneofthegreatestcausesof
enteringtheFire.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.non
Muslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir(disbeliever) and WhatmakesoneaKafirand
Mushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah.
BecauseitisthecornerstoneofIslam,Salahholdsagreatpositionandunparalleledstatus.It
differentiatesaMuslimfromaKafir.EveryMuslim,manandwoman,hastoofferSalahatits
appointedtime.MuslimshavebeencommandedtoperformSalahatyoungageinorderto
becomeaccustomedtoperformingitastheygrowolder.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
said: CommandyourchildrentoofferSalahwhentheybecomesevenyearsold,andspankthemfor(neglecting)itwhenthey
becometenyearsoldandarrangetheirbeds(tosleep)separately.
TheMuslimwhoreachestheageofpubescenceisobligedtoperformSalah.Shouldthey
neglectperformingit,theywillbegivenchancetorepentorelsetheMuslimrulerhastoput
themtodeath.ThisisbecauseSalahisthesecondpillarofIslam.
DearsisterinIslam,youshoulddoyourbesttoadviseanddirectyoursontowardsdoinggood
deedsandwarnhimoftheevilconsequencesofneglectingSalah.Shouldhepersistin
neglectingit,youmaydisownhimbyaskinghimtoliveawayfromyoulestAllah'spunishment
shouldovertakehimwhilewithyou.Hehastofollowyouradvice,andfearandobeyAllah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim).Ifhepersistsinhis
wrongdoings,youshouldignorehimandshowyourdiscontentbyfrowningathimeachtime
youseehim.YoushouldalsofileacomplaintagainsthimtotheMuslimrulerofyourcountry.
Youmustaskyourrelatives,likeyourfather,elderbrother,orbrotherinlaws,toadviseand
disciplinehimasmuchastheycanforperhapsAllahmayshowhimguidance.Youshouldalso
supplicatetoAllahtorectifyhisconditions,guidehimtorighteousness,andprotecthimfrom
theevilofhisownsoul,theevilofSatan,andtheevilofbadcompany.MayAllahsethim
aright!MayAllahrewardyouandgrantussuccess!
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WarningagainstneglectingSalah
Q:WhatdoyousayaboutthosewhoneglectofferingSalah(Prayer)?
A : SalahholdsagreatpositioninIslam.ItisthecornerstoneofIslamandthesecondgreatest
pillarnexttoShahadah(TestimonyofFaith).Whoeverholdsfasttoit,willpreservehisDin
(religion),andwhoeverneglectsitwillneglectallothergooddeeds.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
states: Guardstrictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especiallythemiddleSalt(i.e.thebestprayerAsr).Andstand
beforeAllhwithobedience[anddonotspeaktoothersduringtheSalt(prayers)]. and: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),
andgiveZaktandbowdown(orsubmityourselveswithobediencetoAllh)alongwithArRakin. Allah(Glorifiedand
ExaltedbeHe)alsostates: Andtheywerecommandednot,butthattheyshouldworshipAllh,andworshipnonebutHim
Alone(abstainingfromascribingpartnerstoHim),andperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt)andgiveZakt,andthatistheright
religion. InanotherAyah(Qur'anicverse)Allah(mayHebePraised)states: Recite(OMuhammad
)whathasbeenrevealedtoyouoftheBook(theQurn),andperformAsSalt(IqamtasSalt).Verily,AsSalt(the
prayer)preventsfromAlFahsh(i.e.greatsinsofeverykind,unlawfulsexualintercourse)andAlMunkar(i.e.disbelief,polytheism,
andeverykindofevilwickeddeed) TheQur'ancontainscountlessAyahswhichindicatetheloftystatus
ofSalahandencourageMuslimstosteadfastlyperformit.
ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)stated: Thepeak
ofthematterisIslamitspillarisSalahanditstopmostpartisJihad(Fighting/StrugglingintheCauseofAllah). and: Islamhas
beenbuiltuponfivepillars:totestifythatthereisnogodbutAllahandthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah,toestablishSalah,
topayZakah,tofast
themonthofRamadanandtoperformHajj. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsostated:
Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomes
adisbeliever. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: WhatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah
(Prayer).
AllotherHadithsnarratedinthisregardindicatethatabandonmentofSalahistantamounttoKufr(disbelief),eveniftheabandoner
doesnotdenyitsobligation.
Thisisthemostcorrectviewheldbyscholarsinthisregardassubstantiatedbyevidence.However,denyingtheobligatorystatusof
SalahconstitutesanactofKufrashasbeenunanimouslyagreeduponbyscholars,eveniftheabandonerisknowntoofferitregularly.
ThereasonfordeeminghimaKafiristhathisdenialistantamounttorejectingAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger
(peacebeuponhim).AbandonmentofSalahinvalidatesone'sSawm,Hajjandallotheractsofworship.Thisisbecausemajor
disbeliefrendersallactsofworshipfruitless.ThisisthemeaningoftheAyahwhichreads: AndwhosoeverdisbelievesinFaith[i.e.in
theOnenessofAllhandinalltheotherArticlesofFaithi.e.His(Allhs)Angels,HisHolyBooks,HisMessengers,theDayof
ResurrectionandAlQadar(DivinePreordainments)],thenfruitlessishisworkandintheHereafterhewillbeamongthelosers. The
samemeaningisimpliedinanotherAyahwhichreads: ButiftheyhadjoinedinworshipotherswithAllh,allthattheyusedtodo
wouldhavebeenofnobenefittothem. TherearemanyotherAyahswiththesameintendedmeaning.
Muslims,menorwomen,aredutyboundtooffertheFiveObligatoryDailyPrayersattheirappointedtimes.Theyshouldenjoinone
anothertodothisandbewarenottoneglectit.AmaleMuslimmustofferitintheMasjid(mosque)withhisMuslimbrothers.Thisis
basedontheHadithinwhichtheprophet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "WhoeverhearstheAdhan(calltoprayer),yetdoesnotgoto
theMasjidwithoutavalidexcuseshallreceivenorewardforhisSalah. WhenIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)was
askedabouttheexcusewhichonemayabandoncongregationalSalah,hesaid:"(Itis)fearorillness."
ItisalsonarratedinSahih(AuthenticBookofHadith)MuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that A
blindmancametotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andsaid:"OMessengerofAllah!IhavenoonetoguidemetotheMasjid."He,
therefore,asked.Allah'sMessenger'spermissiontoofferPrayerinhishouse.He(theProphet)calledhimandsaid:"Doyouhearthe
calltoprayer?"Hesaid:"Yes."He(theProphetthen)said:"Respondtoit." ThisnobleHadithindicatesthegreatpositionofoffering
Salahincongregationandthenecessitytoholdfasttoit.ManypeoplefallintotheenormoussinofneglectingtheFajr(Dawn)Prayer
incongregation.Thisisonecharacteristicofhypocrisy.
AMuslimmanshouldbeawareandobservetheFajrPrayerandhastentoperformitincongregationatitsappointedtime,ashedoes
intherestoftheFiveObligatoryDailyPrayers.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)states: Verily,thehypocritesseektodeceiveAllh,butitisHe
Whodeceivesthem.AndwhentheystandupforAsSalt(theprayer),theystandwithlazinessandtobeseenofmen,andtheydo
notrememberAllhbutlittle. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: ThemostburdensomePrayersforthehypocritesarethe
Ìsha'(Night)PrayerandtheFajr(Dawn)Prayer.Iftheyweretoknow(theblessings)theyhaveinstore,theywouldhavecometo
them,eventhoughcrawling. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).ImamAhmad(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)narratedonthe
authorityofÀbdullahibnÀmribnAlÀs(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)whosaid: OnedaytheProphet(peacebeupon
him)spokeofthegreatpositionofSalahandstated:"Whosoeverobservesitregularly,itwillbeasourceoflight,authoritativeproof
andameansofsalvationforhimontheDayofResurrection,andwhosoeverdoesnotobserveitregularly,itwillnotbeasourceof
light,authoritativeproofandameansofsalvationforhimontheDayofResurrectionandonthatdayhewilljointhecompanyof
(PartNo:10,PageNo:249) www.ircpk.com
Pharaoh,Haman,Qarun(Kora)andUbayibnKhalaf." TheHadithportendsseverepunishmentforthosewhoabandonSalah.
CommentingontheaboveHadith,somescholarssaid:"OntheDayofResurrectiononewhoabandonsSalahwilljointhecompanyof
Pharaoh,Haman,Qarun(Kora)andUbayibnKhalaf.Thereasonisthatifheabandonsitforthesakeofholdingaprestigiousposition,
hewillbebehavinglikePharoahwhotransgressedandbehavedarrogantlytakingadvantageofhisroyalposition.Onewhoabandons
itwilljoinhiscompanyontheDayofResurrection.ThesameistruewithHaman,Pharoah'sministerwho,takingadvantageofhis
position,behavedarrogantlyandrefusedtofollowMusa(Moses,peacebeuponhim).OnewhoneglectsSalahbecauseofwealthand
lustingafterdesiresissimilartoQarun,anIsraelitemerchantwhomAllahmentionsintheQur'an: Verily,Qrn(Korah)wasof
Mss(Moses)people,buthebehavedarrogantlytowardsthem.
HewasdistractedbywealthanddesirestothepointthathedisobeyedandarrogantlyrefusedtofollowMusa.Allahcausedtheearth
toswallowhimupalongwithhisabode.Allahinflictedimmediatepunishmentonhiminthislifebycausinghimtoremainimprisoned
deepdownintheearthuntiltheDayofResurrectionwherehewillsuffereternalpunishment.OnewhoabandonsSalahbeing
preoccupiedwithbuying,selling,orengaginginvarioustransactionswiththesolepurposeofamassingwealthwillontheDayof
ResurrectionjointhecompanyofUbayibnKhalaf,theMakkanmerchantwhodeniedIslam.UbaywaskilledwhileinastateofKufr
(disbelief)intheBattleofUhud.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)struckhimdownwithhisownblessedhand.Thethreatmentioned
intheAyahaboveindicateswithoutadoubtthatonewhoabandonsSalahisconsideredaKafirevenifhedoesnotdenyitsbeingan
obligatoryduty.WeaskAllahtoprotectallMuslimsandusfromfollowingtheevilexamplesofHisenemies.
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RulingonabandoningSalahuntildeath
Q:AbrotherfromMuàn,Jordan,asks:Whatistherulingonsomeonewhodidnotusetooffer
Salah(Prayer)beforehisdeathalthoughhewasborntoMuslimparents.Whatistherulingon
washinghisbody,shroudinghim,offeringtheFuneralPrayeroverhim,buryinghim,making
Duà'(supplication)forhim,andbeggingAllahtohavemercyonhim?
A : AMukallaf(personmeetingtheconditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions)
whoabstainsfromofferingSalahuntilhediesisconsideredaKafir(disbeliever).Asaresult,
Muslimsarenotallowedtowashhisbody,offerFuneralPrayeroverhim,orburyhimina
Muslimgraveyard.Hisrelativesareprohibitedtoinherithim.Hiswealthhastobehandedto
BaytulMal(Muslimtreasury)accordingtothemostcorrectviewheldbyscholars.Considering
himaKafirisbasedontheauthenticHadithinwhichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
WhatmakesoneaKafirandMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah.
(RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)Thisisalsobasedon
anotherHadithinwhichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem
(i.e.nonMuslims)is(ourperformanceof)Salah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir. (RelatedbyImamAhmad
andAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)withan
authenticSanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraydah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
him))
TherespectedTabi`y(Follower,thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet)Àbdullah
ibnShaqiqAlÙqayly(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)said,"TheSahabah(Companionsofthe
Prophet)woulddeemnothingasKufr(disbelief)exceptabandonmentofSalah."Thereare
manyHadithandAthars(narrationsfromtheCompanions)narratedinthisregard.
TheaboverulingappliestothepersonwhobelievesSalahtobeanobligatorydutyyet
abandonsitoutofneglectfulness.Asforpersonwhodeniesitsbeinganobligatoryduty,they
areconsideredKafirswhohaveapostatizedfromIslam.Thisistheunanimousviewof
scholars.
WeaskAllah(ExaltedbeHe)torectifytheconditionsofMuslimsandtoguidethemtofollow
HisStraightPath.HeisAllHearerandResponsive.
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RulingonperformingHajjforsomeonewhoabandonsSalah
Q:AbuÀbdullahfromRiyadhasks:Whatisyouropinionregardingsomeonewhocreditsthe
rewardofgooddeeds,likerecitingtheQur'an,orperformingHajjandÙmrah(lesser
pilgrimage),toadeadpersonwhodidnotusetoofferSalah(Prayer)?Pleaseenlightenus.
MayAllahrewardyoubest!
A : ItisprohibitedtoperformHajjorgiveSadaqah(voluntarycharity)onbehalfofadead
personwhodidnotusetoofferSalah.ThisisbecauseheisconsideredaKafir(disbeliever)
accordingtothemostcorrectopinionofscholars.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: What
makesoneaKafirandMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (Related
byMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid:
Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)is(ourperformanceof)Salah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir.
jurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators))
ItisnotpermissibletogifttherewardofrecitingtheQur'antoadeadoralivingpersonas
thereisnoprooftosupportthis.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Anyonewhodoesanactfor
whichthereisnosanctionfromourbehalf,thatistoberejected. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih)Inanother
narrationreportedintheTwoSahihBooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim),theProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said:
Anyonewhoinnovatesthingsinouraffairsforwhichthereisnovalid(reason)(commitssin)andthesearetoberejected.
Asfarasweknow,neithertheProphet(peacebeuponhim)noranyofhisSahabah
(Companions)giftedtherewardofrecitingtheQur'antoadeadoralivingperson.MayAllah
grantussuccess!
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RulingonabandoningJumuàhPrayerandCongregationalSalah
Q:AccordingtooneAthar(narrationfromtheCompanions),IbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleased
withthemboth)wasonceaskedaboutamanwhowouldstandforoptionalPrayeratnight
andfastduringthedaybutwouldnotattendtheJumuàh(Friday)PrayernorofferSalah
(Prayer)incongregation,hesaid:"HewillentertheFire."IsthisAtharauthentic?
A : ThisisafamousandauthenticAtharnarratedfromIbnÀbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwith
themboth).ItestablishesclearevidencethatneglectingtoattendtheJumuàhPrayeror
offeringSalahincongregationcausesonetoentertheFire.WeseekrefugewithAllah
(ExaltedbeHe)fromthis.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebe
uponhim)said: LetsomepeopledesistfromneglectingtheJumuàhPrayer,orelseAllahwillsealtheirheartsandtheywillbe
amongthenegligent. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadithontheauthorityof
AbuHurayrahandIbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem))AbuDawudalsorelatedwithan
authenticSanad(chainofnarrators)fromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid:
WhoeverdoesnotattendtheJumuàhPrayerthreeconsecutivetimesonaccountoflaziness,Allahwillcoverhisheartwithaseal.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: WhoeverhearstheAdhan(calltoPrayer),yetabstainsfromgoingto
theMasjid(mosque),theyshallreceivenorewardfortheirSalahunlesstherebeanexcuse.
TheMuslimisdutyboundtohastentoattendtheJumuàhPrayerandtoofferSalahin
congregation,aslongasthereisnolegalexcusesuchasanillnessorfear,otherwisesevere
punishmentwillbeawaitinghimevenifheisnotedformuchfastingandstandingforPrayer
atnight.
WeaskAllahtograntusandallMuslimssafetyandprotectionfromeveryevil.
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Rulingonlivingwithasinfulhusband
Q:Iamafortyyearoldwoman.Threeofmychildrendiedandfourarealive.Myproblemis
thatfortwentyyearsIhavebeenmarriedtoahusbandwhodoesnotofferSalah(Prayer)or
observeSawm(Fast)andabovealldrinksKhamr(intoxicant).EverytimeIaskhimtodivorce
me,hepromisestorepentofhissins.AsIcomplaintopeople,theytellmetoendurepatiently
forthesakeofmychildren.Ihaveenduredtroublesalltheseyearsfortheirsake.Nowthey
areoldenoughtodependonthemselves.Theyaskmetogetdivorcefromtheirfatherandsay
thatthehouseistheirs.WouldIbesinfulifmychildrenorIstaywithhim?
MayAllahbenefitusandyou!
A : Undoubtedly,abandonmentofSalahconstitutesanactofKufr(disbelief).Similarly,
abandoningSawmanddrinkingKhamraremajorsins.ThishusbandisbothaKafir
(disbeliever)andFasiq(someoneflagrantlyviolatingIslamiclaw).However,thegreatestof
hissinsisabandonmentofSalah.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah
(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceof
Salah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir. He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: WhatmakesoneaKafiranda
Mushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. Thesetwoauthentic
HadithareindicativeofthefactthatthishusbandhascommittedmajorKufr.
SomescholarshaveheldtheviewthatonecommitsmajorKufriftheydenytheobligationof
Salah.Ifonedoesnotdenyitsobligation,yetabandonsitoutoflaziness,theycommitminor
Kufr.
OtherscholarshaveheldtheviewthatitismajorKufrevenifonedoesnotdenythe
obligationofSalah.Thisviewisthemostcorrect.Therefore,youareadvisednottoallowhim
tobeintimatewithyouuntilherepentsofhissinsandbeginstoobserveSalahregularly.
Thechildrenarerelatedtohimbymeansofdoubtfulmarriage.Youmaystayathomewith
yourgrownupchildren,butyoushouldnotallowhim
tofondleorhavesexualrelationswithyouuntilherepentsofhissinsandgivesuphisevil
habits,especiallyabandonmentofSalah.OnceheturnstoAllahinrepentanceandstartsto
observeSalah,thereisnowrongifyouresumeyournormalrelationswithhim.Hemustalso
repentofthesinofabstainingfromobservingSawmandindulgingindrinkingKhamr.His
childrenareadvisedtohelpandadvisehim.Theymayseekthehelpoftheirgoodrelatives,
whomayprovetobeasourceofguidancetohim.Childrenadvisingandinstructingtheir
fathertodogoodispartofbeingdutifultohim.Ihopehewillpayheedtomyadvice.You
mayevenrecordthesewordsandreadthemtohim.WeaskAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)toguidehim.
Inbrief,youareadvisedtokeepawayfromhimandnottogivehimthechancetohave
intimaterelationswithyouuntilherepentsofthesinofneglectingSalah,inwhichcaseitwill
belawfulforyoutoresumerelationswithhim.AsforabstainingfromobservingSawmand
indulgingintheprohibitedhabitofKhamrdrinking,theyarecountedamongthegravesins,
yettheydonotrendermarriagenullandvoid.ThisistheviewheldbyAhlulSunnahwal
Jamaàh(thoseadheringtotheSunnahandtheMuslimmainbody).Youshouldseekthehelp
ofyourchildren,thehusband'srelatives,andrighteousneighborsinadvisingyourhusband.He
mustfearAllahandhastentoperformTawbah(repentance)beforedeathovertakeshim.
Khamrdrinkingleadstogreatharmandevil.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthatAllah's
Messenger(peacebeuponhim): CursedKhamr,theonewhodrinksit,theonewhoservesit,theonewhosqueezesit
(thegrapes,etc),theoneforwhomitissqueezed,theonewhocarriesit,theonetowhomitiscarried,theonewhosellsit,theone
whobuysitandtheonewholivesoffitsprofits. MayAllahprotectus!Itwasalsoauthenticallyreported
thatAllah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)said: WhenapersoncommitsZina(premaritalsexualintercourse
and/oradultery),theydonotcommititwhiletheyarebelieversandwhenapersondrinksKhamr,theydonotdrinkitwhiletheyare
believers. Thisisindicativeofweaknessorlackof
faith.WeaskAllahtoprotectusfromthis.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid:
Verily,AllahhaspromisedwhoeverdieswhilehavingdrunkKhamr(duringtheirlifetime)tomaketheirdrinkTinatalKhabal.They
said:OAllah'sMessenger!WhatisTinatalKhabal?Hesaid:ItisthedischargeofthedenizensoftheFireorthesweatofthe
denizensoftheFire.
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NotobservingSawminRamadanisagravesin.ThisisbecauseSawmisoneofthepillarsof
Islam.SomescholarshaveheldtheviewthatonewhointentionallyabandonsSawmis
consideredaKafir.HemustperformTawbahtoAllahandstartobservingSawmandSalah.
AllahacceptstherepentanceofthosewhoturntoHim.
WeaskAllahtoguideus,him,andallMuslimstosincereTawbah,followthepathsofgood,
andtoprotectusfromobeyingSatanandevilcompany.
Youshouldadviseyourhusbandtoavoidevilcompany,whichisalwaysresponsiblefor
influencingpeopletobecorruptandcauseshimtoincurAllah'sWrath.Heisdutyboundto
avoidkeepingcompanywithevilpeopleandtorepentofthesinsofabandoningSalahand
SawmanddrinkingKhamr.HehastoholdsteadfastlytotheobedienceofAllahandHis
Messenger.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Andverily,Iamindeedforgivingtohimwhorepents,
believes(inMyOneness,andassociatesnoneinworshipwithMe)anddoesrighteousgooddeeds,andthenremainsconstantindoing
them,(tillhisdeath). TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Anyonewhorepentsoftheirsinsislikeonewhohas
notcommittedasin. WeaskAllahtograntus,you,andallMuslimstrueguidance,success,and
sincereTawbah.
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(PartNo:10
,PageNo:257)
Rulingonmaintaininggoodrelationswithsinfulfriends
Q:IhaveafriendwhomIloveverymuch,buthedoesnotoffertheobligatorySalah(Prayer)
orobserveSawm(Fast)duringRamadan.Ihaveadvisedhimmanytimes,buthedoesnot
acceptmyadvice.ShouldIkeepgoodrelationswithhim?
A : ThismanandotherslikehimshouldbehatedandantagonizedforthesakeofAllah
(ExaltedbeHe).Itisevenallowabletoabandonhimuntilheshowsrepentance.Thisis
becauseabandoningSalah,evenwithoutdenyingitsobligation,ismajorKufr(disbelief)
accordingtothemostcorrectopinionofscholars.ThisisbasedonthefollowingHadithin
whichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhatmakesoneaKafir(disbeliever)andaMushrik(onewho
associatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih
(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Thatwhichdifferentiatesus
fromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)is(ourperformanceof)Salah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir. (RelatedbyImam
AhmadandtheAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudential
themes)withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators))
TherearemanyHadithtothesameeffect.
IfapersondeniestheobligationofSalah,theyareregardedasKafirsaccordingtoIjma`
(consensusofscholars),asdoingsoimpliesbelyingAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)andHisMessenger
(peacebeuponhim).MayAllahprotectusagainstthis!
AsfortheabandonmentofZakah(obligatorycharity)andSawmwithoutalegalexcuse,itis
classifiedamongthegreatestcrimesandmajorsins.
SomescholarsareevenoftheviewthatwhoeverabandonsZakahorSawmofRamadan
withoutalegalexcuse,suchasbeingsickoronajourney,isaKafir.However,thesound
opinioninthisregardisthatapersonisnotconsideredaKafirsolongastheydonotdenythe
obligationofZakahandSawm.
IfapersondeniestheobligationofZakahandSawmoroneofthemortheobligationofHajj
whenhavingthecapacity,theyareKafirsaccordingtoIjmaàsthisistantamounttobelying
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim).
YoushouldhatethatpersonforthesakeofAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andyouareallowedto
abandonhimuntilheturnstoAllahinrepentance.Itisalsopermissiblenottoabandonhimif
itwouldbeusefultocallhimtoAllahandadvisehimsothatAllahmaygranthimguidance.
MuslimrulersshouldaskthoseknownforabandoningSalahtorepentotherwisetheyshould
bekilledowingtoAllah'sSaying: ButiftheyrepentandperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,thenleave
theirwayfree.
ThisindicatesthatapersonwhodoesnotofferSalahshouldnotbesetfree.Moreover,the
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: IhavebeenprohibitedfromkillingpeoplewhoofferSalah. Thus,this
HadithindicatesthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)isnotforbiddentokillthosewhodo
notofferSalah.OtherevidencefromtheQur'anandHadithindicatethatitisobligatoryfor
therulertokillthosewhodonotofferSalahiftheydonotrepent.
WeaskAllahtoguideyourfriendtoTawbah(repentancetoAllah)andhelphimtofollowthe
StraightPath.
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RulingonstayingwithsomeonewhoabandonsSalah
Q:OnceIstayedwithtworoommatesatahospitalforthreedays.Duringthisperiod,Iusedto
offerSalah(Prayer)regularly,whichtheydidnotdo.Iremainedsilentabouttheissue.AmI
sinfulfornotadvisingthemtoofferSalah?Ifso,whatistheKaffarah(expiation)?
A:YoushouldhaveadvisedthemanddisapprovedoftheirnegligenceofSalah.Thisisbecause
Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Letthereariseoutofyouagroupofpeopleinvitingtoallthatisgood(Islm),enjoiningAl
M a rf(i.e.IslmicMonotheismandallthatIslmordersonetodo)andforbiddingAlMunkar(polytheismanddisbeliefandallthat
Islmhasforbidden).Anditistheywhoarethesuccessful. ThereareotherAyahs(Qur'anicverses)tothat
effect.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Whoeveramongyouseessomethingabominableshould
rectifyitwithhishandandifhehasnotstrengthenoughtodoit,thenheshoulddoitwithhistongueandifhehasnotstrength
enoughtodoit,(even)thenheshould(abhorit)fromhisheart,andthatistheleastofFaith." (RelatedbyMusliminhis
Sahih(authentic)BookofHadith)Sinceyoudidnotadvisethem,youaredutyboundtomake
sincereTawbah(repentance)toAllah(ExaltedbeHe)forthissin.Youhavetoregrethaving
failedtoadvisethemandyouhavetobedeterminednottoreturntothis,outofshowing
sinceredevotiontoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)whilehopingtoattainHisrewardandfearingtobe
overtakenbyHispunishment.Whoeverrepentsoftheirsins,Allahwillaccepttheir
repentance.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Andverily,Iamindeedforgivingtohimwhorepents,
believes(inMyOneness,andassociatesnoneinworshipwithMe)anddoesrighteousgooddeeds,andthenremainsconstantindoing
them,(tillhisdeath).
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TherulingonbefriendingapersonwhoneglectsSalah
Q:AquestionfromFahd.À.À,Riyadh.Hesays:Whatistherulingonbefriendingaperson
whoneglectsSalah(prayer)?
A : ItisimpermissibletobefriendthispersonoranyoneamongstKafirs(disbelievers),forthe
abandonmentofSalahisamajoractofKufr,accordingtothemostcorrectofthetwo
scholarlyopinionsevenifapersondoesnotdenyitsobligation.TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said, TheactthatadmitsapersontoShirk(associatingothersinworshipwithAllah)andKufr(disbelief)isthe
abandonmentofSalah. (RelatedbyMuslimintheSahih(authenticbookofHadith).He(peacebe
uponhim)alsosaid: Thesolemnpledgebetweenusandthem(disbelieversandhypocrites)istheperformanceofSalah.
Thus,whoeverneglectsit,willhavecommittedKufr. (RelatedbyAhmad,AbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'y,
andIbnMajahwithaSahih(authentic)Sanad(chainofnarrators)).Thereareotherproofs
supportingit.
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TherulingonsittingwiththosewhomocktheobservationofSalah
Q:IfindmanyyoungpeopletreatyoungmenwhoofferSalahandadheretothereligionwith
ridiculeandothers,mayAllahguidethem,deridethereligion
andspeakaboutitinacarelessway.Whatistherulingonthat?Isitpermissibletositand
jokewiththemwhenitisnotaduetimeofanobligatorySalah?
A : DeridingIslamorpartofitisamajordisbelief.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says, Say:"WasitatAllh
( ), andHisAyt(proofs,evidence,verses,lessons,signs,revelations)andHisMessenger()thatyouwere
mocking?" Makenoexcuseyoudisbelievedafteryouhadbelieved. (SurahAlTawbah).Whoevermocksthose
whoadheretothereligionandobserveSalah,mainlyfortheiradherencetoreligion,is
mockingthereligionitselfandthereforeitisnotpermissibletositwithsuchpeopleorto
befriendthem.Rather,theyshouldbeblamed,resistedandavoidedandpeopleshouldbe
warnedagainstthem.Thisappliestothosewhomockinglydiscussreligiousmatters.They
shouldberesistedandavoided.Peopleshouldbewarnedagainstthem.Theyshouldbeurged
tosincerelyrepenttoAllah:iftheyshowrepentancethiswillbegoodandpraiseisdueto
Allahotherwisetheyshouldbereferredtorulersafterestablishingevidenceagainsttheirevil
deedswithuprightwitnessessoastocarryouttherulingofAllahbylegalcourts.
Indeed,theseissuesareofgreatseriousnessandthereforeeveryseekerofknowledgeand
Muslimsshouldbewareofandstayawayfromthosewhomockinglydiscussreligiousmatters
lesttheyshouldbeaffectedbytheircorruptedbeliefs,wrongdoinganddesecrationofthe
religionanditspeople.
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WhatistherulingonwhoevercallsafellowMuslimasKafirbecauseofnotofferingSalah
regularly?
Q:Mr.FahdA.A.fromRiyadhasks,"IquarreledwithmybrotheronamatterandIwasangry.
So,Isaidtohim'Keepawayfromme,OKafir(disbeliever)'onthebasisthathedoesnotoffer
Salah(Prayer)regularlybutmerelyonoccasions,suchasthepresenceofsomerelativesand
thelike.Whatistherulingonthatandismybrotheradisbeliever?
A : ItisauthenticallyreportedthatAllah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)said, Whatmakesonea
disbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah(Prayer). (RelatedbyMuslim)ImamAhmadandAhlulSunan
(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)reportedwithagood
chainofnarratorsontheauthorityofBuraydahIbnAlHusayb(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims)isourperformanceof
Salah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. TherearemanyHadithstothateffect.
However,youshouldnotsaysuchwordstohim,butrathergivehimadviceandinformhim
thatabandoningSalahentailsdisbeliefandmisguidance.Youshouldelaborateonthisfactto
himandtellhimthatheshouldrepenttoAllah.Hemaybenefitfromyouandacceptyour
advice.
WepraytoAllahtohelpallMuslimsoffersincererepentancetohimfromallsins.
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TherulingonapersonwhosaidtohisSalahabandoningfriend,"YouareKafir"
Q:InadiscussionwithafriendaboutIslam,hetoldmethatheneverperformsSalah(Prayer),
soIsaidtohim,"YouareKafir(disbeliever),becauseAllah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Thendoyou
believeinapartoftheScriptureandrejecttherest?Thenwhatistherecompenseofthosewhodosoamongyou,exceptdisgracein
thelifeofthisworld,andontheDayofResurrectiontheyshallbeconsignedtothemostgrievoustorment. "Myfriend
replied,"Soareyou,"andhementionedtheHadiththatwhoeveraccusesaMuslimofdisbelief
isadisbeliever.Afterthat,Ileftmyfriend,sothatthediscussionwouldnotgetheated.What
istherulingonwhatwesaidanddidwecommitasinbyhavingsuchadiscussion?
A : ThesoundopinionisthatwhoeverabandonsSalahisaKafir(disbeliever),eveniftheydo
notdisavowit,andthisisthepreponderantopinionofmostscholars,becausetheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)saidinaSahih(authentic)Hadith, Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims)
isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. (RecordedbyImamAhmadandAhlul
Sunan(AbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'yandIbnMajah)ontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusayb
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)withaSahihSanad(chainofnarrators)).TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)alsosaid, WhatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah(Prayer). (Relatedby
ImamMusliminhisSahih).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, ThepeakofthematterisIslam,
itspillarisSalah, (RelatedbyImamsAhmadand
A lTirmidhy(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)withaSahihSanad(chainofnarrators)onthe
authorityofMuàdhibnJabal(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).TherearealsootherHadithsto
thiseffect.
ItisthereforeobligatoryuponanyonewhoabandonsSalahtohastentoperformTawbah
(repentance)toAllah,regret,anddeterminenottoreturntothisremissness.
SomescholarsareoftheopinionthatanyonewhoabandonsSalahhascommittedamajorsin
andminordisbelief.ThisopinionisbasedonwhatismentionedinsomeSahihHadiths
regardingthevirtueofTawhid(monotheism)andthatanyonewhodieswhilerealizingitwill
enterParadise.However,thiscannotbeusedasevidenceinthissubject,asitmeansthatif
someoneadherestotheobligationsofIslam,includingtheobligationofSalah,theywillenter
Paradiseandreceivetherewardthathasbeenpromisedtothepiouspeople.Butthosewho
refusetoobservethemwillreceivethepunishmentwithwhichAllahthreatenedtheimpious.
Ifapersonsays,"LailahaillaAllah(thereisnodeitybutAllah)"andbelievesinTawhid,but
deniestheobligationofSalah,theyaredisbelievers,andthesayingof"LailahaillaAllah"and
believinginTawhidwillnotbenefitthem,accordingtotheopinionofallMuslimscholars.
ThereforetherulingonwhoeverabandonsSalahoutofleniencyandlittleconcernbutdoes
notdenyitsobligation,isliketherulingonsomeonewhodeniesit,accordingtothesoundest
oftheopinionsofscholars.TheirShahadah(TestimonyofFaith)willbeofnobenefit,because
theyhavealsoabandonedtheimplicationofthesewords,whichincludesperformingSalah.So
ifanyonebelievesinTawhid,testifiesthatthereisnodeitybutAllah,butmocksanythingof
theDin(religion)ofAllah,theywillbeKafirs(disbelievers).Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)says: Say:"WasitatAllh(),andHisAyt(proofs,evidence,verses,lessons,signs,revelations)andHisMessenger(
)thatyouweremocking?" Makenoexcuseyoudisbelievedafteryouhadbelieved.
ThesamerulingappliestowhoeverpronouncestheShahadahandbelievesinTawhid,but
deniestheobligationofZakah(obligatorycharity),Sawm(Fast)inRamadan,Hajj
(pilgrimage)forthosewhoareable,ordeniestheprohibitionsofZina(illegalsexual
intercourseoutsidemarriage),theft,sodomy,andothersimilaracts.Ifsomeonedeniesthese
thingsoranyoneofthem,theyareconsidereddisbelievers,accordingtotheIjma`
(consensus)ofthescholars,eveniftheyofferSalah,observeSawm,andpronounceShahadah,
becausethismakestheirIman(Faith)deficient,impairstheirDin,andexcludesthemfrom
Islam.Therefore,believersshouldbecautiousofthisimportantmatter,andofabandoningor
neglectingSalah,becauseiftheydosotheywillbedisbelievers,eveniftheydonotdenyits
obligation,accordingtothesoundestoftheopinionsofscholarsasmentionedpreviously.This
rulingisbasedontheHadithsmentionedaboveandothers.WeaskAllahtosetrightthe
conditionsofMuslimsandguidethedisbelieversandthedisobedienttosincererepentance.
TheProphetsaid, "WhoeveraccusesaMuslimofdisbeliefisinfactadisbeliever." Thisisreferringtosomeone

whowronglydeclaresanotherpersonasadisbeliever.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said,
"Ifsomeonesaystohisbrother,'OEnemyofAllah!'orsays,'OKafir',andhisbrotherisnotlikethat,it(theaccusation)willrevertto
him(theaccuser)." However,sayingtosomeone"youareadisbelieverduetoabandoningSalah"is www.ircpk.com
correctandtheaccusationwillnotreverttothespeakerandwillnotbecomeadisbeliever.By
sayingso,thespeakerfollowsAllah'sOrdersandfulfillingoneofHisRights.Heisdoing
somethingthatisobligatedbyAllahconcerningdeemingthistypeofpersonadisbeliever,and
sohewillberewardedforthisandwillnotberegardedasdisbelievers.Thisisbecausea
disbelieverissomeonewhohasabandonedSalahandwhoisstubbornandarrogant.MayAllah
saveusandallMuslimsfromthat!
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KeepinggoodrelationswithabrotherwhoabandonsSalah
Q:MyelderbrotherdoesnotofferSalah(Prayer).ShouldIkeepgoodrelationswithhimor
not,takingintoconsiderationthatheismyhalfbrother?
A : WhoeverabandonsSalahdeliberatelycommitsmajorKufr(disbelief),evenifadmittingthe
obligationofSalah,accordingtothemostcorrectopinionofscholars.However,ifonedoesnot
admititsobligation,theyareconsideredKafir(disbeliever)accordingtoallscholars.Thisis
becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: ThepeakofthematterisIslamitspillarisSalahandits
topmostpartisJihad(fighting/strivingintheCauseofAllah). (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAlTirmidhywithan
authenticSanad(chainofnarrators))TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Whatmakesone
aKafirandaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (Relatedby
MusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)Also,Allah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)
said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.Anyonewhoabandonsitbecomesa
Kafir. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedby
jurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticSanad)NoscholardebatestheKufrofthosewho
denytheobligationofSalah,asthisentailsbelyingAllahandHisMessengerandopposingthe
Ijma`(consensus)ofscholars.Thus,itisconsideredgraverthanabandoningSalahoutof
laziness.Yetinbothcase,rulersshouldasktheonewhoabandonsSalahtorepentotherwise
theyshouldbekilledaccordingtoevidenceonthisissue.Inaddition,apersonwhoabandons
Salahshouldbedesertedandavoided,andtheirinvitationsshouldnotbeaccepteduntilthey
repenttoAllah.Oneshouldadvisethem,callthemtoAlHaqq(theTruth),andwarnthem
againstthepunishmentofabandoningSalahbothinthislifeandintheHereafter.Theymay
turntoAllahinrepentanceandAllahforgivesthemandacceptstheirrepentance.
www.ircpk.com

SawmofapersonwhoabandonsSalah
Q:TherearepeoplewhoobserveSawm(Fast)andsomeotheractsofworship,buttheydo
notofferSalah(Prayer).WouldtheirSawmandactsofworshipbeaccepted?
A:IntheNameofAllah,theMostGracious,theMostMerciful
ThecorrectopinionisthatonewhoabandonsSalahdeliberatelycommitsmajorKufr(disbelief).
Consequently,theirSawmoranyactofworshipisnotvaliduntiltheyrepenttoAllah(GlorifiedbeHe).Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: ButiftheyhadjoinedinworshipotherswithAllh,allthattheyusedtodowouldhave
beenofnobenefittothem. ThereareotherHadithandAyahs(Qur'anicverses)tothesameeffect.
However,agroupofscholarsareoftheopinionthatwhoeverabandonsSalahdoesnotcommitmajorKufr
andtheirSawmandotheractsofworshiparenotinvalidated,providedtheyadmittheobligationofSalah
butabandonitoutofnegligenceandlaziness.
ThesoundestopinionofscholarsisthatwhoeverabandonsSalahcommitsmajorKufriftheydosowillfully,
eveniftheyadmititsobligation.ThisisbasedonmanyevidenceincludingthefollowingHadithinwhichthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhatmakesoneaKafir(disbeliever)andaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswith
AllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadithonthe
authorityofJabiribnÀbdullahmayAllahbepleasedwiththem)Also,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir.
(RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudential
themes)withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraidahibnAlHusaibAlAslamy(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim))
TheprominentscholarIbnAlQayyim(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)elaboratedonthisissueindetailina
separatetreatiseontherulingsofSalahandabandoningit.Itisveryinformativeandshouldberead.
www.ircpk.com

RulingonapersonwhorarelyoffersSalah
Q:OneofmyrelativesdoesnotofferSalah(Prayer),eventhoughheisanoldman.Iadvised
him,andsodidmanyothers,butheneglectsSalah.HeonlyoffersSalahonrareoccasions.He
mightofferitinRamadanoronFridays.HowshouldIdealwithhim?IfIfindhimsomewhere,
shouldIgreethimornot?Pleaseadvise.MayAllahsafeguardyou!
A : AbandoningSalahintentionallyisconsideredaformofmajorKufr(disbelief),accordingto
thefollowingHadithinwhichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhatmakesoneaKafir
(disbeliever)andaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (Relatedby
MusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid:
Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir.
jurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators))TherearemanyHadith
stressingthismeaning.
YoushouldadvisethismanandclarifytherulingofShariàh(Islamiclaw)tohim.Ifheinsists
onabandoningSalah,heshouldbedesertedandavoidedandhisinvitationsshouldnotbe
accepted.Evenmore,heshouldbereportedtotherulertobeaskedtoperformTawbah
(repentancetoAllah).IfhedoesnotperformTawbah,heshouldbekilled,accordingtothe
followingAyah(Qur'anicverse)inwhichAllah(ExaltedbeHe)says: ButiftheyrepentandperformAs
Salt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,thenleavetheirwayfree.
ThisindicatesthatapersonwhodoesnotofferSalahshouldnotbereleased.Thereisalotof
evidenceonthis.
MayAllahguidethisman!
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RulingonahusbandneglectfulofSalah
anddrinksKhamr
Q:Awomansaysinherquestion:MyhusbanddrinksKhamr(intoxicant)anddoesnotoffer
Salah(Prayer),orobserveSawm(Fast)inRamadan.Evenmore,hehasbeenunemployedfor
ayear.Wehavetwosonsundertheageofdiscernment.Now,Iamstayingwithmyfamilyand
myhusbandwantsmeback.IamconfusedastowhetherIshouldreturntohimforthesake
ofmychildrenoraskfordivorce.Iheardthatitisnotpermissibletoremainwithahusband
whoabandonsSalahanddrinksKhamr.WhatshouldIdo?Iappreciateyourguidance,may
Allahrewardyoubest!
A : AhusbandwhodoesnotofferSalahisconsideredKafir(disbeliever).TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.Anyonewho
abandonsitbecomesaKafir. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadith
compilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticSanad(chainof
narrators))TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: WhatmakesoneaKafirandaMushrik(onewho
associatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih
(authentic)BookofHadithontheauthorityofJabirmayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
AccordingtoIjma`(consensusofscholars),ifyourhusbanddeniestheobligationofSalah,he
isconsideredKafir.Accordingtothepreponderantviewofscholars,ifheabandonsSalahout
oflazinessandnegligence,heisconsideredKafirasstatedinthetwopreviouslymentioned
HadithandotherHadithtothesameeffect.
Itisnotpermissibleforyoutoreturntoyourhusband,unlessherepentstoAllah(Glorifiedbe
He)andobservesSalah.MayAllahguidehimandbestowuponhimsincereTawbah
(repentance).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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OnewhoabandonsSalahmaynotbetakenasafriend
Q:AquestionbyF.A.fromRiyadhstating:Isitpermissibletomakeafriendshiprelationwith
apersonwhodoesnotsometimesoroftenperformSalah(Prayer)?
A : ItisimpermissibleforaMuslimtomakeafriendshiprelationwithapersonwhodoesnot
sometimesofferSalah.Rather,heshouldbeadvisednottodosoandhisbaddeedmustbe
denied.Ifherepents,hemaybetakenasafriendotherwise,heshouldbeabandoned.
Rather,thequestionerhastohatesuchapersonforAllah'ssakeuntilherepentsfromthis
majorsin.Actually,abandoningSalahismajordisbeliefbasedonthefollowing
Hadith: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,
becomesadisbeliever. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilations
classifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)throughatrustworthychainofnarratorsontheauthority
o fBuraydahIbnAlHusayb(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).Moreover,Muslimrecordedinhis
SahihontheauthorityofJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: WhatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah.
Accordingly,itisobligatoryonallMuslimstolove,hate,allyandshowenmityforAllah'ssake.
Allah(mayHebePraised)says: IndeedtherehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhm(Abraham)andthose
withhim,whentheysaidtotheirpeople:"Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhateveryouworshipbesidesAllh:wehaverejected
you,andtherehasstartedbetweenusandyouhostilityandhatredforeveruntilyoubelieveinAllhAlone"
InacountryenforcingShariàh(Islamiclaw),suchapersonshouldbereferredtorulers,until
herepentsor,otherwise,bekilled.Actually,theHadd(prescribedpunishment)foraperson
whoabandonsSalahandrefusestorepentisbeingkilled.Inthisregard,Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
says: ButiftheyrepentandperformAsSalt(Iqmata sSalt),andgiveZakt,thenleavetheirwayfree. TheAyah
(Qur'anicverse)indicatesthatwhoeverabandonsSalahandrefusestorepentmaynotbeset
freeandshallbekilled.
However,thepreponderantviewisthatsuchapersonshallbekilledforbeingadisbelieverin
viewoftheabovequotedtwoHadithsaswellasotherHadithstothesameeffect.Moreover,
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
IhavebeenprohibitedfromkillingpeoplewhoofferSalah.
TheHadithindicatesthatthosewhodonotofferSalaharenotprohibitedtobekilled.Rather,
theymustbekillediftheydonotrepentasadeterrentpunishmentforthosewhocommit
suchaheinouscrime.
WeaskAllahtosetrighttheaffairsofMuslimsandtoguideallofustobefirminreligion.
AllahisAllHearing,EverNear.
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RulingoneatingslaughteredanimalsofoneneglectfulofSalah
Q:AquestionerfromAlÀlamininEgyptinquires:Isitpermissibletoeatthemeatofan
animalslaughteredbysomeonewhodoesnotofferSalah(Prayer)?
A:IntheNameofAllahandallpraiseisduetoHim!
A:Accordingtothepreponderantviewofscholars,itisnotpermissibletoeatthemeatofan
animalthatisslaughteredbyapersonwhointentionallyabandonsSalah,evenifheadmitsits
obligationbutabandonsitoutoflaziness.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whatmakesone
aKafir(disbeliever)andaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)isabandoningSalah. (Related
byMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadithontheauthorityofJabiribnAbdullahAl
AnsarymayAllahbepleasedwiththem)He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Thatwhichdifferentiates
usfromthem(i.e.nonMuslims)isourperformanceofSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitbecomesaKafir. (RelatedbyImam
AhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)
withanauthenticSanad(chainofnarrators))He(peacebeuponhim)said: Thepeakofthematteris
IslamanditspillarisSalah. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAlTirmidhywithanauthenticSanad)There
aremanyHadithtothesameeffect.
IfonedeniestheobligationofSalah,theyareconsideredKafiraccordingtoIjma`(consensus
ofscholars),eveniftheyofferit,forthisdenotesbelyingAllah(GlorifiedbeHe),His
Messenger(peacebeuponhim),andtheIjma`.WeaskAllahtoprotectusagainstthisandto
guideallMuslimstoobserveSalahandnottoabandonitorperformitlazily.
AllahhasdispraisedthehypocritesfortheirlazinesstoperformSalahwithMuslims.InSurah
(Qur'anicchapter)AlNisa',Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Verily,thehypocritesseektodeceiveAllh,butitis
HeWhodeceivesthem.AndwhentheystandupforAsSalt(theprayer),theystandwithlazinessandtobeseenofmen,andthey
donotrememberAllhbutlittle. Describingthehypocrites,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)saysinSurahAl
Tawbah: AndnothingpreventstheircontributionsfrombeingacceptedfromthemexceptthattheydisbelievedinAllhandinHis
Messenger(Muhammad),andthattheycamenottoAsSalt(theprayer)exceptinalazystate,andthatthey
offernotcontributionsbutunwillingly. Soletnottheirwealthnortheirchildrenamazeyou(OMuhammad)in
realityAllhsPlanistopunishthemwiththesethingsinthelifeofthisworld,andthattheirsoulsshalldepart(die)whiletheyare
disbelievers.
TherearemanyAyahs(Qur'anicverses)describinganddispraisingthehypocritesandwarning
againsttheircharacteristics.
MayAllahprotectusandallMuslimsfromthem!MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingoneatingmeatofananimalslaughteredbysomeonewhodeliberatelyabandonsSalah
Q:IsitpermissibletoeatmeatofananimalslaughteredbysomeonewhodoesnotofferSalah
(Prayer)deliberately?NotethathepronouncesShahadah(TestimonyofFaith)wheneverheis
remindedoftheruling.WhatshouldwedoiftherearenobutcherswhoofferSalah?
A : Itisnotpermissibletoeatmeatofananimalslaughteredbyapersonwhodoesnotoffer
Salah.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, "Verily,betweenamanandShirk(associatingotherswithAllah
inHisDivinityorworship)andKufr(disbelief)istheabandonmentofSalah(Prayer)." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih
(authentic)bookofHadithontheauthorityofJabirIbnÀbdullahAlAnsary,mayAllahbe
pleasedwiththem).TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)stated,
"Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(i.e.disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomes
adisbeliever." (RelatedbyImamAhmadandtheFourCompilersofHadith(ImamsAbuDawud,
A lTirmidhy,AlNasa'yandIbnMajah)withaSahihchainofnarrators)TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)stated, "ThepeakofthematterisIslamthepillarisSalahanditstopmostpartisJihad." (Relatedby
ImanAhmadandAlTirmidhywithaSahihchainofnarratorsontheauthorityofMuàdhIbnJabal
mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).Ifthepillarofathingfalls,itcannotstandstraightorremain
whenthepillarfalls,whateverrestsonitfallsaswell.
Thus,itisknownthatonewhodoesnotprayhasnoDin(religion),someatofananimal
slaughteredbyhimshouldnotbeeaten.Ifyouarelivinginacountrywherethereareno
Muslimbutchers,youshouldslaughteryourownanimalsanduseyourhandstodosomething
thatwillbenefityou,orfindaMuslimbutchertoslaughterforyouevenathisownhouse.
PraisebetoAllah,thisissomethingeasy,soyoushouldnotbeheedlessaboutthismatter.
YoushouldadvisethismantofearAllahandofferSalah.HissuggestionthattheShahadahis
sufficientisaseriousmistake,becauseitcomeswithconditionsthatmustbefulfilled.The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)stated, Ihavebeenorderedtofightpeopleuntiltheybearwitnessthatthereisnodeity
exceptAllahandthatIamtheMessengerofAllah,andestablishPrayerandpayZakah.Iftheydothat,thentheirbloodandwealthare
safefromme,exceptincasesdictatedbyIslam,andtheirreckoningwillbewithAllah. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhari
andMuslim)
SoSalahandZakaharementionedalongsidetheShahadah.Accordingtoanotherversionof
theHadith, IhavebeencommandedtofightagainstpeopleuntiltheytestifythatthereisnodeitybutAllah,andanyonewho
says:ThereisnodeitybutAllah,hispropertyandlifeisguaranteedprotectionbyme,exceptinwhatthereisaright,andtheiraffairs
restwithAllah. SalahandZakaharetwoofthis'right'.
AbelieverandeveryonewhoclaimstobeaMuslimmustfearAllahandofferthefive
obligatorydailyprayersregularly,forSalahisthepillarofIslamandisthegreatestofthefive
pillarsofIslamafterShahadah.WhoeverneglectsitloseshiscommitmenttoDin,and
whoeverdoesnotofferSalahgivesuphisDin.WeaskAllahtokeepussafeandsound.
Thisisthetruthandiscorrect.SomescholarsheldthatsuchapersonisnotaKafir
(disbeliever)inthesenseofmajorKufr(disbelief),ratherhisKufrisminorthatmakeshima
sinnerwhohascommittedagravesinthatisworsethanadultery,theft,anddrinkingKhamr
(intoxicant).But,heisnotaKafirinthesenseofmajorKufrunlesshedeniestheobligationof
Salah.Thisistheviewofanumberofscholars.However,thecorrectviewisthatwhichis
indicatedbythewordsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim),whichisthatsuchapersonisa
KafirinthesenseofmajorKufr,
asstatedintheHadithquotedabove,becausehehasneglectedthepillarorfoundationof
Islam.
Weshouldnottakethismatterlightly.ÀbdullahibnShaqiqAlÙqayly,thegreatTabi`y(Follower
duringthegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet,mayAllahbepleasedwithhim),
said,"TheCompanionsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotregardtheomissionof
anythingasbeingKufr,exceptinthecaseof(abandoning)Salah."
HementionedthattheSahabah(Prophet'sCompanions)unanimouslyagreedthatwhoever
doesnotofferSalahisaKafirintheirview.WeaskAllahtokeepussafeandsound.
Sowemustbecareful,adheretothisimportantobligationandnotbelittlethematterif www.ircpk.com
someonedoesnotofferSalah.Weshouldnoteatmeatofananimalslaughteredbyhim,or
invitehimtoanyfeasts,oraccepthisinvitations.Rather,heshouldbeshunneduntilhe
repentstoAllahandbeginstoofferSalah.WeaskAllahtoguideusall!
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Rulingoneatingmeatofananimalslaughteredbysomeonenotknownwhetherheoffers
Salahornot
Q:Sometimeswegatherincertainoccasionsandfeastswheremeatisserved.Wedonot
knowwhetherthismeatistakenfromananimalslaughteredbyapersonwhooffersSalahor
not.ShouldwerefrainfromeatingthatmeatlesttheslaughterermayabandonSalah,taking
intoconsiderationthatthosewhoabandonSalahinsomesocietiesaremany,orthatpeoplein
generalarelenientwiththematterofSalah?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou!
A:IfyouareamongMuslimsandinahouseofaMuslimwhomyouthink
goodof,youshouldeatfromwhatheservesyouanddonotdistrusthim.But,ifyouare
amongpeoplewhodonotofferSalah,youshouldbemindfulofthat.However,ifyouare
amongnonMuslims,youshouldnoteattheirmeat.Rather,youcaneatfruits,dates,orany
othernonmeatfood.
YoushouldthinkgoodofpeopleinMuslimcountriesandsocietiesanddonotmistrustthem.
AllahistheOneWhoseHelpissought.
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WhatabouttheauthenticityoftheHadith,"FefteenpenatliesaredecreedfromAllahupon
whoeverisnegligentinofferingSalah...."
Q:BrotherKh.N.N.fromRiyadhsentusaletterandapaperthatisdistributedamongpeople
whichincludesaHadithattributedtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whichreads,"Whoever
neglectsofferingSalah,Allahwillpunishhimwithfifteenkindsofpunishment..."andasks
abouttheauthenticityoftheHadith.
A : ThisHadithisfalselyattributedtotheProphet(maypeacebeuponhim)andisnotvalidby
anymeansasillustratedbyAlHafizhAlDhahabi(mayAllahconfermercyuponhim)inhisbook
A lMizanandAlHafizhIbnHajarinhisbook"LisanAlMizan".Accordingly,anyonewhofindsa
paperlikethisshouldburnitandinformthepersonwhodistributesittoprotectthe
statementsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)fromfalsifications.
TherearemanyQur'anicAyahs(Verses)andauthenticHadithsoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him)concerningtheimportanceofSalahandwarningagainstneglectingit,aswellasthe
punishmentofthosewhodoso
thataresufficientinthisregardandthereisnoneedforsuchfalsifications.Allahstates, Guard
strictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especiallythemiddleSalt(i.e.thebestprayerAsr).AndstandbeforeAllhwith
obedience[anddonotspeaktoothersduringtheSalt(prayers)]. and, Then,therehassucceededthemaposteritywhohave
givenupAsSalt(theprayers)[i.e.madetheirSalt(prayers)tobelost,eitherbynotofferingthemorbynotofferingthemperfectly
orbynotofferingthemintheirproperfixedtimes]andhavefollowedlusts.SotheywillbethrowninHell. and, Sowoeuntothose
performersofSalt(prayers)(hypocrites), ThosewhodelaytheirSalt(prayerfromtheirstatedfixedtimes). Thereare
manyotherHadithsinthisregard.
Moreover,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims,
disbelievers,hypocrites,etc.)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. (RelatedbyImam
AhmadandtheFourCompilersofSunan(AbuDawud,IbnMajah,AlTirmidhiandAlNasa'i)
withandanauthenticIsnad(chainoftransmitters))Also,he(peacebeuponhim)said, What
makesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningprayers. (RelatedbyMusliminHisSahih)
OnedaytheProphet(peaceandblessingofAllahbeuponhim)wassittingamonghisSahabah
(companions)andmentionedSalah.Hesaid, Whoeverobservesit(Salah)willbeforhimalight,guidanceand
salvationintheHereafterandwhoeverdoesnotobserveittherewillnotbeforhimalight,guidance,orsalvationandwillbe
gatheredontheDayofJudgmentwithPharaoh,Haman,Qarun(Korah)andUbayyibnKhalaf. (RelatedbyImamAhmad
withagoodIsnad)
IntheexplanationofthisHadith,somescholarscommentedthatthosewhoabandonSalah
duetotheirleadershippositionresemblePharaohthosewhoneglectitbecauseoftheirposition
ofauthorityaresimilartoHaman,Pharaoh'sminister,andwillbecastalongwithhimontheDayof
JudgmentintoHellfirethosewhoneglectitowingtotheirproperties
anddesiresaresimilartoQarun,whomAllahcausedtheearthtoswallowhimandhishouseas
aresultofhishaughtinessandrefusaltofollowthetruthbecauseofhisinterestinmoney
anddesiresandwillbesentwithQaruntotheHellfireandthosewhoneglectitasaresultof
preoccupationwithtradeandotherkindsofbusinessresembleUbayyibnKhalaf,oneofthe
greatestmerchantsofMakkahwhowasadisbeliever,andwillbesentwithhimonDoomsdayto
theHellfire.
WeimploreAllahtograntussafetyfromthis.
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Warning:TwogroundlesspublicationscirculatingamongpeopleincludingaHadithMarfu`
regardingthosewhoneglectSalah
PraisebetoAllahandmaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamilyand
Companions.IhaveexaminedapublicationtitledPunishmentforThosewhoAbandonSalahstating,"The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)isreportedtohavesaid: TheonewhoneglectstheSalah(Prayer)willreceivefifteen
punishmentsfromAllah. Theauthorthenstartedtogiveanaccountofthepunishments.However,itis
concludedbythestatement,"WhoeverreadsthiscopyshouldcopyitandspreaditamongallMuslims."He
thenendedby,"ReciteSurahAlFatihahfortheonewhodoesthisgooddeed."Ihavealsoexamined
anotherpublicationprefacedbythreeAyahs(Qur'anicverses).ThefirstAyahis: Nay!ButworshipAllh(Aloneand
noneelse),andbeamongthegrateful. afterwhich,theauthorsaidthatitbrings
goodafterfourdays.Theauthorthenaskedthat25copiesofitbesenttothoseinneedofit.Hethen
mentionedpenaltieswaitingforthosewhoneglectdoingso.
Sincethesetwopublicationsbelongtofalsehoodandabhorredpractices,Ideemeditpropertodraw
people'sattentiontosuchafactsothatthoseunknowledgeableofGlorifiedShariàh(Islamiclaw)mightnot
bedeceivedthereby.Belowismycomment.
Undoubtedly,doingsoisaBidàh(innovationinreligion)anditissayingthingsaboutAllah(ExaltedbeHe)
withoutknowledge.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)tellsusintheQur'ansthatdoingsoisoneofthe
greatestsins.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Say(OMuhammad):"(But)thethingsthatmyLordhas
indeedforbiddenareAlFawhish(greatevilsinsandeverykindofunlawfulsexualintercourse)whethercommittedopenlyorsecretly,
sins(ofallkinds),unrighteousoppression,joiningpartners(inworship)withAllhforwhichHehasgivennoauthority,andsaying
thingsaboutAllhofwhichyouhavenoknowledge."
Therefore,thosewhoadoptsuchamethodmustfearAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andnotattributetoAllah
(ExaltedbeHe)andHisMessenger(peacebeuponhim)thatwhichneitherAllahnorHisMessengersaid.
Actually,enactingpenaltiesandrewardsfordeedsfallsundertheknowledgeoftheGhayb(theUnseen),
whichnooneknowsexceptthroughtherevelationexclusivetotheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Infact,
suchthingsarenevermentionedintheQur'anorSunnah.
TheHadiththepublication'sauthorattributedtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)regardingthepunishment
ofthepersonwhoabandonsSalahstatingthatsuchapersonwillreceive15penaltiesandsoon,is
fabricatedandisfalselytraceabletotheProphet(peacebeuponhim).ThisfactisexplainedbyHadith
scholars(mayAllahbemercifulwiththem),includingAlHafizAlDhahaby(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)in
A lMizanandAlHafizIbnHajar(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)andothers.
AlHafizIbnHajarinhisbookLisanAlMizanundertheautobiographyofMuhammadibnÀliinAlÀbbasAlBaghdady
AlÀttarsaidthatthismanattributedfalselytoAbuBakribnZiadAlNisaburyaHadithonabandoningSalah.
AmongthosewhonarratedfromhimisMuhammadibnÀliAlMawaziny,aSheikhofAbuAlNursy,whoclaimedthat
IbnZiyadheardfromAlRabi`whoheardfromAlShafi`ywhoheardfromMalikwhoheardfromSummywhoheard
f r o mAbuSalihontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said: TheonewhoneglectstheprayerswillreceivefifteenpunishmentsfromAllah. Infact,theHadithis
apparentlyfabricatedandisoneoftheHadithoftheSufis.Endquote.
Moreover,thePermanentCommitteeforScholarlyResearchandIftahasissuedafatwadated6/10/1401
A.H.totheeffectofjudgingtheHadithtobefabricated.Howcomethenthatareasonablepersonfeels
comfortabletopropagateafabricatedHadithwhentheProphet(peacebeuponhim)isauthentically
reportedtohavesaid: Hewhorelatesfrommesomethingwhichhedeemsfalseisoneoftheliars. Actually,thereare
enoughauthenticHadithandAyahsregardingthepenaltyofthosewhoabandonSalah.Allah(Exaltedbe
He)says: Verily,AsSalt(theprayer)isenjoinedonthebelieversatfixedhours. AddressingtheinhabitantsofHellfire,
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: "WhathascausedyoutoenterHell?" Theywillsay:"Wewerenotofthosewhousedtoofferthe
Salt(prayers), Thus,amongthedeedsthatcausedthemtoenterHellfireisabandoningSalah.Allah(mayHe
bePraised)alsosays: SowoeuntothoseperformersofSalt(prayers)(hypocrites), ThosewhodelaytheirSalt(prayer
fromtheirstatedfixedtimes). Thosewhodogooddeedsonlytobeseen(ofmen), AndpreventAlMn(smallkindnesseslike
salt,sugar,water). Moreover,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Islamisbuiltuponfive(pillars):Totestifythat
noneisworthyofworshipexceptAllahandthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllahtoestablishSalahtopay
Zakah(obligatorychairty)tofastthemonthofRamadanandtoperformHajjtotheHouse(Ka`bah). He(peacebeuponhim)also
said:
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ThatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesa
disbeliever. Infact,therearemanyandwellknownHadithinthisregard.
ThereisstillthesecondpublicationprefacedbytheAyahsthefirstofwhichistheonethatreads: Nay!ButworshipAllh(Aloneand
noneelse),andbeamongthegrateful. whoseauthorclaimedthatwhoeverspreadsitwillreceivesuchandsuchgoodandwhoever
neglectsitwillreceivesuchandsuchpenalty.Undoubtedly,itisanapparentfalsehoodandevidentlie.Itisfabricatedbyignorant
innovatingpeoplewhowanttooccupythemasseswithtales,superstitionsandgroundlesssayingstodivertthemfromtheevident
truthprovidedintheQur'anandSunnah.Itisanundeniablefactthatwhatevergoodorevilbefallspeopleisfromandisknownby
Allahalone.Allah(mayHebePraised)says: Say:NoneintheheavensandtheearthknowstheGhaib(Unseen)exceptAllh
Furthermore,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)isnotreportedashavingpredictedacertainrewardforthepersonwhowritesthe
Ayahtwiceorthriceoracertainpunishmentforonewhodoesnotwriteit.Actually,claimingsoislyingandslander.Thus,itis
impermissibletowritethesetwopublications,spreadthemorparticipateinpromotingthemthroughwhatevermeans.Moreover,
thosewhohavedonesobeforehavetorepenttoAllah(ExaltedbeHe),regretwhattheyhavedoneandbedeterminednottodoit
anymore.
WeaskAllahtoshowusthetruthandhelpusfollowit,showusfalsehoodandhelpusavoiditandtoprotectusagainstapparentand
hiddenFitnahs(trials).
MayAllah'speaceandblessingbeuponAllah'sServantandMessengerMuhammad,hisfamilyandCompanions!
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ItisobligatorytoleaveawifewhodoesnotperformSalah
Q:BrotherS.S.S.fromCasablanca,Morocco,asks,"Ihavebeenmarriedtoawomanforten
yearsbutshedoesnotpaygreatconcerntoofferingSalah(Prayer)andsometimesneglects
andabandonsit.IhavequarreledwithheroverthisaswellasofferingSawm(Fast)of
Ramadan.IftheremissedsomedaysofRamadan,shedoesnotmakeupforthemandifshe
doesshemakesthemwithgreatdifficulty.Truly,Isufferfromgreatdifficultiesandproblems
withherconcerningmattersofDin(religion).ItriedtoteachhersomeAyahs(verses)ofthe
Qur'an,butshedoesnotrespond,takingintoconsiderationthatshedoesnotknowanything
fromtheQur'an.Iwanttoknowtherulingonkeepingandlivingwithherinspiteofthis,asI
havechildrenfromher.Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahguideyou!
A : IfthematterisasyouhavementionedthatyourwifeneglectsSalahandyouexertgreat
effortinadvisingher,youshouldleaveher.ThisisbecausewhoeverabandonsSalah,menand
womenalike,commitsmajordisbeliefeveniftheydonotdenyitsobligation,accordingtothe
mostpreponderantoftwoscholarlyviewsandtheProphet'statement, Thatwhichdifferentiatesus
fromthem(nonMuslims,disbelievers,hypocrites,etc.)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever.
(NarratedbyImamAhmadandtheCompilersofSunan(Hadithcompilationsclassifiedby
jurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticchainofnarrators)ThereareotherHadithstothe
sameeffect.
WeaskAllahtoguideherandgrantherrepentanceandgiveyoubetterthanher,forHeisthe
BestOneaskedforhelp.
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HerbrotherinlawrarelyoffersSalah,sohowshouldhebedealtwith?
Q:Mrs.UmmÀbdullahfromRiyadhasks,"IhaveabrotherinlawwhorarelyoffersSalah
(Prayer).Ilivewithmyhusband'sfamilywhositwithhimevenwhiletheSalahisofferedin
theMasjid(mosque).WhatshouldIdo?IknowheisnotaMahram(unmarriageablerelative)
tome?AmIcommittingasinregardingthis,asIcannotdirectlyadvisehim?
A : IfhedoesnotofferSalahheshouldbedeserted.Thatistosay,youshouldnotgreethimor
respondtohisgreetingtillherepentstoAllah,asabandoningSalahismajordisbeliefeven
withadmittingitsobligationaccordingtothesoundestoftwoopinionsofscholars.The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)stated, Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims,disbelieversand
hypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. (RelatedbyImamAhmadand
theCompilersofSunan(Hadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)witha
trustworthySanad(chainofnarrators))Also,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, What
makesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah.
(NarratedbyImamMusliminhisSahih)
If,however,hedoesnotadmittheobligationofSalah,heisregardedadisbelieveraccording
toIjma`(consensus)ofscholars.Thefamilyofthispersonshouldadvisehimanddeserthim,
andifhedoesnotreturntoAllahinrepentanceheshouldbereferredtotherulertoaskhim
torepent.Heistorepent,orbeexecutedbytheauthority.ThisisbasedonAllah's
Statement, ButiftheyrepentandperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,thenleavetheirwayfree. andthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)stated, IhavebeenprohibitedfromkillingpeoplewhoofferSalah. ThisHadith
impliesthatthosewhodonotofferSalahshouldnotbelefttogofreeandthereisno
prohibitiontokillthem,iftheyarereferredtotheauthorityanddonotrepent.Allahisthe
OneWhobringssuccess.
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theobligationtowardsthosewhotakeSalahlightly
Q:ManypeopletodaytakethedutyofperformingSalah(Prayer)lightlyandothersabandonit
altogether.Whatistherulingonthesepeople?WhatistheobligationonaMuslimtowards
them,especiallyiftheyarerelatives,suchasfathers,children,wives,etc?
A : TakingSalahlightlyisaseriousactofMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableordisapproved
ofbyShariahandMuslimsofsoundintellect)itisoneofthecharacteristicsofthehypocrites.
Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Verily,thehypocritesseektodeceiveAllh,butitisHeWhodeceives
them.AndwhentheystandupforAsSalt(theprayer),theystandwithlazinessandtobeseenofmen,andtheydonotremember
Allhbutlittle. Allahhasalsodescribedthembysaying: Andnothingpreventstheircontributionsfrombeing
acceptedfromthemexceptthattheydisbelievedinAllhandinHisMessenger(Muhammad),andthattheycame
nottoAsSalt(theprayer)exceptinalazystate,andthattheyoffernotcontributionsbutunwillingly.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, ThemostburdensomeSalah(Prayer)onthehypocritesarethe
Isha(Night)PrayerandFajr(Dawn)Prayerifonlytheyknewwhat(goodness)thereisinthem,theywouldhavecometothem,even
ifcrawling. (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslim)
Therefore,itisobligatoryonallMuslimstomaintaintheFiveObligatoryDailyPrayersintheir
duetimes,performthemcalmly,andapproachthemwithKhushu(theheartbeingattunedto
theactofworship)andattentivehearts,asAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Successfulindeedarethe
believers. ThosewhooffertheirSalt(prayers)withallsolemnityandfullsubmissiveness. Itisauthenticallyreported
thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderedamantorepeathisSalahafterhehad
performeditpoorlywithoutachievingtranquilityinit.Meninparticular,shouldmaintaintheir
SalahincongregationwiththeirfellowMuslimsintheHousesofAllah,i.e.theMasjids
(mosques),astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, AnyonewhohearstheCall(toPrayer)butdoesnot
comeinresponse,hasnoSalah(i.e.hisindividualPrayerwillnotcount),unlesshehasa(lawful)excuse. (RelatedbyIbn
Majah,AlDaraqutny,IbnHibbanandAlHakimwithaSahih[authentic]Isnad[chainof
narrators])
ItwassaidtoIbnAbbas(mayAllahbepleasedwithbothofthem):"Whatistheexcuse?"Hesaid,
"Fearorillness."ItisalsorelatedinSahihMuslimontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)that AblindmancametotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andsaid,OMessengerofAllah!Ihaveno
onetoguidemetotheMasjid, andheaskedtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)togivehimaRukhsah(concession)
allowinghimtoprayinhishomeandheallowedhimthat,thenwhenheturnedawayhe(peacebeuponhim)calledhimbackand
said, CanyouheartheCalltoSalah?Hesaid,Yes.He(peacebeuponhim)said,Thenrespond(toit). Itisalsonarrated
intheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)ontheauthorityof
AbuHurayrah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeupon)said, Iwasaboutto
orderthattheSalah(Prayer)becommenced,thenorderamantoleadthepeopleinSalah.
IwouldthengowithsomemenhavingwiththembundlesofwoodtopeoplenotattendingtheSalahandburntheirhousesoverthem
withfire. Therefore,theseHadithSahih(Hadiththathavebeentransmittedbypeopleknownfortheiruprightnessandexactitude
freefromeccentricityandblemish)showthatcongregationalSalahisoneofthemostimportantobligationsonmenanyonewho
absentshimselffromattendingitdeservestoreceivedeterrentpunishment.WeaskAllahtosetarighttheconditionsofallMuslims
andtoguidethemtowhatpleasesHim.
AstoabandoningtheobligatorySalahaltogether,orevenatsometimes,itisamajoractofKufr(disbelief),evenifthepersondoes
notdenyitsobligation,accordingtothemorecorrectofthetwoopinionsofthescholars,whethertheabandonerisamanora
woman,becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, BetweenapersonandShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityor
worship)andKufristheabandonmentofSalah. (RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahih)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)also
said, ThecovenantbetweenusandthemisSalahanyonewhoabandonsithascommittedKufr. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandthe
FourAhlulSunan[authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes,ImamsAbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasayand
IbnMajah]withaSahihIsnad)TherearemanyotherHadithtothesameeffect.Asforthemenandwomenwhodenyitsobligation
(i.e.theSalah),theywillbecommittingamajoractofKufraccordingtoIjma(consensusofscholars),eveniftheyperformSalah.
WeaskAllahtoprotectusandallMuslimsfromsuchsins,asHeistheBestOnetobeaskedforhelp.
ItisanobligationonallMuslimstoadviseandexhortoneanothertoadheretoAlHaqq(theTruth)andtohelponeanotherin
righteousnessandpiety.ThisinvolvesadvisingthosewhoareabsentfromSalahincongregationorwhotakeitlightlyandmissit
sometimes.TheyshouldbewarnedofAllahsWrathandPunishment.Itshouldbecloserelatives,suchastheirfather,mother,
brothers,ormembersoftheirhouseholdwhoadvisethem,andtheyshouldcontinueindoingsountilAllahguidesthemandthey
followtheRightPath.
ThesameappliestowomenwhoneglectorabandontheSalahitisobligatorythattheyshouldbeadvisedandwarnedofAllahs
AngerandPunishment.
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Theadviceshouldcontinue,andthosewhodonotcomplyshouldbedeserted,andtheyshouldreceiveasuitablepunishment,ifthisis
possible.ThisisincludedundercooperationinrighteousnessandpietyandtheenjoiningofMaruf(thatwhichisjudgedasgood,
beneficial,orfittingbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)andprohibitingofMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableor
disapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)thatAllahhasenjoineduponHisServantsbothmenandwomenas
He(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Thebelievers,menandwomen,areAuliy(helpers,supporters,friends,protectors)ofoneanotherthey
enjoin(onthepeople)AlMarf(i.e.IslmicMonotheismandallthatIslmordersonetodo),andforbid(people)fromAlMunkar(i.e.
polytheismanddisbeliefofallkinds,andallthatIslmhasforbidden)theyperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgivetheZakt,
andobeyAllhandHisMessenger.AllhwillhaveHisMercyonthem.SurelyAllhisAllMighty,AllWise. Thisisalsoinaccordance
withtheProphetssaying, Commandyourchildrentoprayat(theageof)seven,andhitthemfor(neglecting)itat(theageof)ten,
andseparatetheminbeds(i.e.provideseparatebedsforthem). AsboysandgirlsaretobeorderedtoperformSalahwhenthey
aresevenandhitforneglectingitattheageoften,thisisallthemoresointhecaseofadultswhoshouldbeorderedtoperform
Salahandhitformissingit,alongwithcontinualadvice.
MuslimsshouldexhortoneanothertoholdfastontoAlHaqqandbepatientwhileabidingbyit,asAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
s a y s : ByAl Asr(thetime). Verily,manisinloss, Exceptthosewhobelieve(inIslmicMonotheism)anddorighteousgood
deeds,andrecommendoneanothertothetruth[i.e.orderoneanothertoperformallkindsofgooddeeds(AlMaruf)whichAllhhas
ordained,andabstainfromallkindsofsinsandevildeeds(AlMunkarwhichAllhhasforbidden],andrecommendoneanotherto
patience(forthesufferings,harms,andinjurieswhichonemayencounterinAllhsCauseduringpreachingHisreligionofIslmic
MonotheismorJihd). AnyonewhoabandonstheSalahafterreachingpubertyanddoesnotacceptadviceshouldbereportedtothe
Shariah(IslamicLaw)courts,wheretheywillbeaskedtorepent.EithertheyperformTawbah(repentancetoAllah)orbeexecuted.
WeaskAllahtosetarighttheconditionsoftheMuslims,grantthemagoodunderstandingoftheirDin(religionofIslam),guidethem
tocooperatewithoneanotherinrighteousnessandpiety,enjoinMarufandforbidMunkar,andexhortoneanothertoholdfastonto
AlHaqqandbepatientwhileabidingbyit,asHeisMostGenerousandBountiful.
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HiswifehasnotofferedPrayersincetheymarriedandtheyhavefourchildren
Q:Iammarriedtoawomanandwehavefourchildren.Sheisnowpregnant.Shehasnot
offeredSalahsinceImarriedhertillnow.Whatadvicedoyougiveme?
A : ThisisagreatMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableordisapprovedofbyIslamiclawand
Muslimsofsoundintellect)asSalah(Prayer)isthepillarofIslamandisthefirstandforemost
fundamentalrankingaftertheTwoTestimoniesofFaith.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
says: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZaktandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad)thatyou
mayreceivemercy(fromAllh). He(mayHebePraised)alsosays: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgive
Zaktandbowdown(orsubmityourselveswithobediencetoAllh)alongwithArRakin. Moreover,He(mayHebe
Praised)says: Guardstrictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especiallythemiddleSalt(i.e.thebestprayerAsr).
AndstandbeforeAllhwithobedience[anddonotspeaktoothersduringtheSalt(prayers)]. and: Butiftheyrepentandperform
A sSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt,thenleavetheirwayfree. and: Butiftheyrepent,performAsSalt(IqmatasSalt)
andgiveZakt,thentheyareyourbrethreninreligion.
Tothesameeffect,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem
(disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. (RelatedbyImam
AhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)
throughatrustworthychainofnarrators.)He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Whatmakesonea
disbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah. (RelatedByMusliminhisSahih.)
Actually,bothmenandwomenareequalinthisregard.Thisclearlyindicatesthatwhoever
doesnotofferSalahmaynotbesetfreerather,theyshouldbekilledandnottoberegarded
asabrother/sisterinreligion.
Thus,itisobligatorytoaskhertorepentandtobepunisheduntilsheoffersSalah.Ifshe
agreestorepent,itwillbealrightotherwise,hercaseshouldbebroughtbeforethecourt.
Thecourtinturnshallaskhertorepent.Ifsherepents,itwillbealrightotherwise,sheshall
bekilledforbeinganapostateevenifsheadmitsthatSalahisobligatory.Thisisaccordingto
thesoundoftwoopinionsofscholarsbasedontheabovequotedAyahs(Qur'anicverses)and
thetwoHadiths.Herhusbandhastoleaveheruntilsherepentsandreconcludemarriage
afterherrepentance.Thechildrenofthequestioneraretobeaffiliatedtoyouasthereisa
marriagecontractofdoubtfulauthenticity.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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RulingonabandoningSalahwithdenyingitsobligation
acknowledgingitsobligationandnegligenceandremissnessinperformingit
Q:AbrotherfromTamirintheKingdomofSaudiArabiainquires:WhatistheShariàhruling
onamanorawomanwhoneveroffersSalah(Prayer)anddeniesthatitisobligatory,or
neveroffersSalahbutacknowledgesthatitisobligatoryorsometimesoffersitand
sometimesdoesnotbutacknowledgeitisobligatoryoroverlooksitonceormorethen
observesit
regularlyorneglectsitandoffersitafteritsduetime?Kindlyexplainthisindetail,mayAllah
rewardyouwell!
A : AMukallaf(personmeetingtheconditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions)
whodeniesthatSalahisobligatorycommitsmajorKufr(disbelief)accordingtoIjma`
(consensusofscholars),evenifheoffersit,forhethusbeliesAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)andHis
Messenger(peacebeuponhim).However,scholarsdisagreedoverneglectingSalahoutof
lazinesswithoutdenyingitsobligation.Thepreponderantviewisthatthispersoncommits
majorKufr.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Thecovenantthatstandsbetweenusandthem
(disbelieversandhypocrites)isSalahwhoeverabandonsitcommitsKufr. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandtheFour
CompilersofHadith(ImamsAbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'yandIbnMajah)withaSahih
(authentic)Sanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusayb(mayAllah
bepleasedwithhim))MuslimrelatedinhisSahihBookofHadithontheauthorityofJabiribn
Àbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "Verily,
betweenamanandShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andKufristhenegligenceofSalah." Thereare
somanyHadithstothesameeffect.
Consequently,ifaMuslimmanwhooffersSalahmarriesawomanwhodoesnotofferitorvice
versa,thenAllahguidedtheonewhodoesofferSalah,itisobligatorytorenewthemarriage,
forthecontractisinvalidduetothedifferenceoffaith.TherulingofthewomenofthePeople
oftheBookdoesnotapplytotheMuslimwomanwhoabandonsSalahtherefore,itis
obligatorytorenewthemarriagecontractaccordingtothemostpreponderantviewofthe
scholars'.However,iftheybothdonotofferSalahatthetimeofcontractingmarriagethen
AllahguidesthemandtheybegintoobserveSalahregularly,theirmarriageisvalid.Likewise,
ifanonMuslimcoupleembracesIslam,theirmarriagecontractneednotberenewed,aslong
asthereisnoimpedimenttomarriage.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotorderthe
Kafirs(disbelievers)whoembracedIslamintheyearoftheConquestofMakkahtorenew
theirmarriagecontracts.However,ifthereisanimpedimenttothecontinuanceofmarriage
forexampleifthewifeisasister
bysucklingorwasmarriedtothesonorfatherofherhusband.Inthiscasetheyshouldbe
separatedfortheexistenceofanimpedimenttothevalidityofmarriage.MayAllahgrantus
success!
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AbandoningSalah(Prayer)outofnegligenceisoneofthegravestmajorsins
Q:Iheardontheprogram''NurÀlaAlDarb''thatonewhoabandonsSalahcommitsmajor
disbeliefwhichtakesoneoutofthefoldofIslamhowever,accordingtoShafi`yschoolof
jurisprudence,asstatedinabookentitledAlNafahatAlSamadiyyah,theonewhoabandons
Salahshouldbeaskedtorepentandkilledifhedoesnot.However,funeralritessuchas
washinghim,offeringtheFuneralPrayeroverhim,andburyinghiminMuslimgraveyards
shouldbeperformed.Whatisyourviewregardingthis?
A : TextsfromtheQur'anandSunnahprovethatabandoningSalahcarelesslyisamongthe
gravestmajorsins,forSalahisthemajorpillarofIslamandcomessecondafterShahadah
(TestimonyofFaith).Consequently,neglectingitisamongthemostabominableactsandthe
gravestmajorsins.
ScholarsdifferregardingwhetherthosewhoabandonSalahwhileadmittingitsobligation
commitmajordisbelief,orarelikethosewhocommitothermajorsins.Thesearetwo
opinionsbyscholars.SomeofthemholdthatwhoeverabandonsSalahcommitsminordisbelief
asmentionedbythequestioner,andthisistheviewoftheShafi`y,Maliky,andHanafyschoolsof
jurisprudence,aswellassomeHanbalyscholars.Theyheld
thatthetextsthatrenderthosewhoabandonSalahasKafirs(disbelievers)areinterpretedas
Kufr(disbelief)thatislowerindegreethanthemajorKufr.Theirargumentisbasedontexts
indicatingthatwhoeverdieswhileadmittingTawhid(beliefintheOnenessofAllah/
monotheism)andavoidingShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)
entersParadise.However,allscholarsagreethatwhoeverdeniestheobligationofSalah
commitsmajordisbelief,otherthanthosewhoabandonitoutofnegligencewhilebelievingin
itsobligation.SomescholarsareoftheopinionthatwhoeverdoesnotofferSalahcommits
majordisbelief,eveniftheydonotdisputetheobligationofSalahasrelatedontheauthority
ofsomeSahabah(theProphet'scompanions).ItwasreportedthatÀbdullahibnShaqiqAlÙqayly,a
nobleTabi`y(Follower,thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet)said,"The
SahabahoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotregardabandoninganymatteras
disbeliefexceptSalah."Itisknownthatimpugnlineageandwailingoverthedeadareforms
ofdisbelief,buttheyareclassifiedasminordisbelief.Therefore,itisdeductedthathemeant
thatabandoningSalahisakindofmajordisbelief.Indeed,thisviewisthesoundestdueto
manyproofs,suchaswhatisrelatedbyMusliminhisSahihontheauthorityofJabir(mayAllah
bepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, Whatmakesoneadisbelieveranda
polytheistisabandoningPrayer. Also,itisrelatedbyImamAhmad,AbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'y
andIbnMajahwithanauthenticchainofnarratorsontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusayb(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, Thatwhichdifferentiatesus
fromthem(nonMuslims,disbelieversandhypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever.
Moreover,itisreportedthat TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)wasaskedwhethertherulerswhoabandonthe
obligatedmattersandindulgeinforbiddenactsshouldbefoughtagainstornot?Hesaid,"No,solongastheyestablishSalahamong
you." InanotherwordingoftheHadith,hestated, "Unlessyounoticedcleardisbelief." Thisnarration
provesthatabandoningSalahiscleardisbelief.
Aswestated,thisisthesoundestviewinthisconcernevenifthescholarswhosupportthis
viewarelesserthanthosewhobelievethatneglectingSalahisakindofminordisbelief.What
shouldbetakenintoaccounthereistheevidence,notthegreatnumberofpeople.Allah
(ExaltedbeHe)states, Oyouwhobelieve!ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad),and
thoseofyou(Muslims)whoareinauthority.(And)ifyoudifferinanythingamongstyourselves,referittoAllhandHisMessenger(
),ifyoubelieveinAllhandintheLastDay.Thatisbetterandmoresuitableforfinaldetermination. and: And
Shariàhevidenceprovesthat
inwhatsoeveryoudiffer,thedecisionthereofiswithAllh(HeistherulingJudge).
abandoningSalahismajordisbeliefevenwithoutdenyingtheobligationofSalah.Accordingly,
whoeverdieswhilenotofferingSalahisnotregardedfromthepeopleofTawhid,for
neglectingSalahinvalidatesone'sTawhidexactlyassinfulascursingAllahandHisMessenger,
ridiculingIslamordeemingaslawfulanythingprohibitedbyAllah,suchasadulteryor
consumingKhamr(intoxicant),ordenyingwhatAllahhasmademandatoryonhim,suchas
SalahandZakah.Ifonedieswhilecommittingthesethingsisadisbeliever,becausesuchacts
nullifyIslam.
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cuttingtieswithrelativeswhoabandonSalah
Q:ThisquestionwassentbyM.H.fromAbuDhabiintheEmirates,Ihavesomebrothersand
relativeswho,unfortunately,donotperformSalahnorabidebythelimitsofAllahsLaw.
ShouldIcutmytieswiththem,andstopenjoiningthemtodoMaruf(thatwhichisjudgedas
good,beneficial,orfittingbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)andforbiddingthem
todoMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableordisapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsof
soundintellect),becausetheymockandridiculeme?Theysay:Doyouwanttoreform
everyone?andtheyhatetospendtimewithmeandtheyhaveboycottedme.WhatshouldI
doinregardtothem?
A : Inthesituationyouhavementioned,thattheyhaveabandonedtheSalah(Prayer)andare
distancedfromthegood,itispermissibleforyoutoseparateyourselffromthemandcutyour
tieswiththem,aslongastheydonotacceptyouradvice.Itisnecessarythatyoudistance
yourselffromthemandcuttieswiththemuntiltheyareguidedbyAllah.Thisislawfulfor
youinfactitisastressedSunnah(supererogatoryactfollowingtheexampleoftheProphet).
SomescholarsevenviewthatthisisWajib(obligatory),duetotheirdeviationfromwhatis
rightandtheirdistancefromwhatisgood.However,thereisnoharmincontactingthem
occasionally,hopingthatAllahwillguidethemthroughDawah(callingtoIslam),counseling,
andguidance.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)himselfhadabandonedthreeofhisSahabah
(Companions)whentheymissedabattlewithhimwithoutanexcuse.
Insummary,itislawfulforyoutoabandonthesepeopleanditisattheveryleastastressed
SunnahuntilAllahguidesthemandleadsthemtotheRightPath.WeaskAllahtograntus
andthemguidanceandsuccess.
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TherulingonofferingSalahinMasjids(mosques)thatcontaingraves
Q:BrotherM.A.N.fromMitTarifDaqahliyyahEgypt,saysinhisquestion:IsofferingSalah
(prayer)inthemasjids(mosques)whichcontaingravespermissible?
A : OfferingSalahintheMasjidsthatcontaingravesisnotpermissible.Thegravesmustbe
exhumedandthemortalremainsmustbemovedtothepubliccemeteryalltheremains
shouldbeplacedinaspecialholelikeallgraves.Itisnotpermissibletoleavethegraves
whetherthegraveofapiouspersonorothers,becausetheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)
prohibitedandwarnedagainstthatandcursedtheJewsandtheChristiansforthat.Itisauthentically
reportedthattheProphetsaid: MayAllahcursetheJewsandtheChristians,fortheyhavetakenthegravesoftheir
Prophetsasplacesofworship.Àishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)said:(Hewarnsagainstwhattheydid). (Agreedupon
byAlBukhariandMuslim).
WhenUmSalamahandUmHabibahinformedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)aboutachurchin
Abyssinia(Ethiopia)whichcontainspaintings,hesaid: Whenapiouspersonamongthosepeopledied,theybuilta
placeofworshiponhisgrave,andthendecorateditwithsuchpictures.TheywouldbetheworstofcreaturesontheDayofJudgment
inthesightofAllah. (Agreedonitsauthenticity).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Bewareof
thosewhoprecededyouandusedtotakethegravesoftheirprophetsandrighteousmenasplacesofworship,butyoumustnottake
gravesasmosquesIforbidyoutodothat. RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(bookofauthenticHadiths)
fromJundabIbnÀbdullahAlBajaly.
TheProphetthusprohibitedbuildingplacesforworshipovergraves,cursedthosewhodidso,
andinformedthattheyaretheworstofcreatures.So,itisobligatorytowarnagainstthis
action.
ItiswellknownthatthosewhoofferSalahatagravetakeitasMasjidandthosewhobuild
placesforworshiphavetakenitasMasjid.Itisobligatorytokeepthegravesawayfrom
Masjids,nottobuildgravesinconformitywiththeprohibitionoftheProphetandincaution
fromthecursethatAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)issuedforthosewhobuiltMasjidsover
graves.Infact,whenapersonoffersSalahinMasjidswhichcontaingraves,Satanmay
whispertohimtosupplicatetothedead,seekhishelp,orprostratetohim.Thus,hecommits
majorShirk(associatingothersinworshipwithAllah),soitisoneoftheactionsoftheJewsand
theChristians.Soitisobligatorytoopposethemandkeepawayfromtheirwayandtheirbad
action.ButifgravesareolderinexistencethanaMasjid,itisobligatorytodemolishand
destroythenewlybuiltmasjidasstatedbythescholarsinordertopushawaythereasonsof
polytheismandstopitsmeans.
Hereisadoubtwhichthegraveworshippershold,namely,theexistenceoftheProphet's
graveinhisMasjid.
Inreplytothat,theCompanions(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)didnotburyhiminhis
MasjidbuttheyburiedhiminthehouseofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher).WhenAlWalid
ibnÀbdulMalikexpandedtheProphet'sMasjidintheendofthefirstcentury,heincludedtheroomsinside
theMasjid.Hemadeamistakeinthis.Somescholarsevencondemnedthisbuthethought
thatthereisnothingwrongwithdoingsoinfavoroftheexpansion.
ItisnotpermissibleforMuslimstotakethisasproofonbuildingMasjidsongravesortobury
thedeadinsideMasjidsbecausethisisagainsttheauthenticHadithsandoneofthemeans
leadingtoShirk(associatingothersinworshipwithAllah).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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TheimpermissibilityofburyingthedeadintheMasjid
From:AbdulAzizibnAbdullahibnBaz
To:Ourhonorablebrother,H.A.M.M.(mayAllahprotecthim,Amen)
Assalamualaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllahsPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
Inreferencetoyourletterthatincludedarequestforsomebooks,andananswertothequestionthatyou
mentioned,wewouldliketothankyouforyourconcernandenthusiasm,andwewillfulfillyourwishby
sendingacopyofthebooks:"ZadAlMaad","AlAqidahAlWasitiyyah"withacommentarybyMuhammad
KhalilAlHarras," A lQ a idahAlJalilah"byShaykhu lIslamIbnTaymiyyah,"FathulMajid"and"SharhAl
Tahawiyyah"byIbnAbuAlIzz.
Asforyourquestion,itisobligatorythatburialsinMasjids(mosques)beprohibited,andthegraveprepared
bythepersonyoumentionedshouldberemoved.FirstlyAllah,andthenthescholars,shouldbeaskedfor
helptoconvincethatpersonthatwhathedidisnotpermissible,accordingtothesayingoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim), MayAllahcursetheJewsandtheChristianstheyhavemadethegravesoftheirprophetsplacesof
worship.
(AgreedupontobeauthenticbyImamsAlBukhariandMuslimfromtheHadithofAishah[mayAllahbe
pleasedwithher]),andincompliancewiththewordsoftheProphet(maypeacebeuponhim), Beware!Those
beforeyouusedtomakethegravesoftheirprophetsandrighteouspeopleplacesofworship.DonotmakegravesintoMasjidsI
forbidyoufromdoingthat. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih[BookofAuthenticHadith]fromtheHadithof
JundabibnAbdullahAlBajaly[mayAllahbepleasedwithhim])ItisalsorelatedintheTwoSahihBooksof
Hadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim) ontheauthorityofAishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thatUmSalamahandUm
Habibah(mayAllahbepleasedwithbothofthem)toldtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)aboutachurchtheyhadseeninAbyssinia
andaboutthepicturesinthem.He(peacebeuponhim)said,Thesepeople,whenarighteousmanamongthemdies,theybuilda
placeofworshipoverhisgraveandmakethosepicturesinit.ThesearetheevilestcreaturesintheSightofAllah. TheseHadiths
andotherswiththesamemeaningindicatetheprohibitionofbuildingMasjidsonthegravesorputting
gravesinsideMasjids,asthisisameanstomajorShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityor
worship).
ItisalsorelatedinSahihMuslimontheauthorityofJabiribnAbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)
whosaid, TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)forbadetheplasteringofgraves,sittingonthem,andbuildingoverthem.
Thisisbecausebuildingovergraves,plastering,puttingcoversoverthem,performingSalah(Prayer)by
them,andbuildingMasjidsoverthem,areallmeanstoShirk.
WeaskAllahtoprotectMuslimsfromthis,grantthemcomprehensionoftheDin(religionofIslam),support
theminabidingbyAllahsShar(Law),andtogranttheirscholarssuccessinguidingthemandleadingthem
tothegoodinlightoftheQuranandSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet),asHeistheAll
HearingandonlytheOnewhoisabletorespond.
IalsoaskAllahtograntyousuccess,andsupportyouindoinggood,asHeistheBestOnetobeaskedfor
help.Assalamualaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh.
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CommentingonthewilloftheGrandSheikhofAlAzhartohavehisbodyburiedinsidethe
Masjid(mosque)
F r o mÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztoHisEminenceDr.ÀbdulHalimMahmud,GrandSheikhofAlAzhar,may
Allahguidehimandmakehimasourceofsupportoftruth.Amen.AssalamuÀlaykumwarahmatullah
wabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!):
IhavereadthearticlewrittenbySheikhMuhammadÀliÀbdulRahim,headofJamaÀnsarAlSunnah
(SupportersoftheProphet'sSunnah),publishedinAlTawhidMagazine,Sha`ban1397A.H.Thearticle
containedanewsreportpublishedinAlGumhuriyyahnewspaperon7thMay,1977.Thearticlereads:
"SheikhÀbdulHalimMahmud,GrandSheikhofAlAzhar,bulitaMasjid(mosque)inhisvillageAlSalaminBilbis.
HemadeawillthatheshouldbeburiedinthisMasjidwhenhedies."
IadviseYourEminencenottodothis,becausethisrunscountertotheobjectivesofAllah'sPurified
Shariàh(IslamicLaw).MasjidsarebuiltforthepurposeofofferingSalah(Prayer),makingDhikr
(RemembranceofAllah),Duà'(supplication),seekingAllah'sforgivenessandrecitingtheNobleQur'an,not
forburyingthedead.
Iwasverydistressedandastonishedtohearthatyouhavemadesuchawill,whichIhopeisafabricated
story.Manyjournalistsarenotoriousforpublishingfalsenewswiththeaimoftarnishingtheimageof
people.WealsoexcludethepossibilityofyourbeingignorantoftherulingonbuildinggravesinsideMasjids.
ManyauthenticandexplicitHadithsexpresstheprohibitionofbuildinggravesinsideMasjidsasthis
constitutesameansleadingtoShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship).Manyordinary
andignorantpeoplebegintoincludethedwellersofthesegravesintheirworshipofAllahbyinvokingthem
besideAllahandmakingthempartnersalongwithHiminseekingbenefit,repellingevil,orfulfillingneeds.
ThisfactisprovedbythepracticesoftheignorantpeoplewhovisitthegravesofAlBadawi,AlHusainandother
gravesreveredbytheignorant.Itisnotbeyondyourknowledgethatitwasauthenticallyreportedthatthe
MessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)cursedtheJewsandChristiansfortakingthegravesoftheir
prophetsasplacesofworship.InanotherHadithrelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(bookofauthenticHadiths)
ontheauthorityofJundubibnÀbdullahAlBajali(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peace
beuponhim)said: Bewareofthosewhoprecededyouandusedtotakethegravesoftheirprophetsandrighteousmenas
placesofworship,butyoumustnottakegravesasmosquesIforbidyoutodothat.
NodoubtthatburyingthedeadinsideMasjidsfallsundertheprohibitionoftakingthemasplacesof
worship,asmentionedintheHadith,andresultsincursingtheonewhodoesso.
YourEminenceisdutyboundnottohavethiswillcarriedoutifitistrulyproventhatyouhavemadeit.You
mustannouncethisinlocalpapersandexplainthereasonsthatmadeyouchangeyourmind,sothatyou
candischargeyourselfoftheresponsibilitybeforeAllah,andsothatnoonewillthinkthatyouapproveof
thisgrievousactthatcontradictsProphetMuhammad'sShariàh.Sinceyourepresentanexampleto
Muslims,youhavetobeawareofintroducinganactintoIslamwherebyyouwillbearitssinalongwith
thosewhoactuponorpermitituntiltheDayofResurrection.
Ifthenewsarefalselyattributedtoyou,youshouldannouncethisinlocalnewspapersinordertodischarge
yourselfoftheresponsibility.
IaskAllahtomakeusandyouasourceofguidance,advocatesoftruth,andtograntusallsteadfast
adherencetoHisreligionofIslam.AllahisMostGenerous,EverBountiful.Assalamuàlaykum
warahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
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Therulingonbuildingmosquesneargraves
TherulingonofferingSalahinMasjids(mosque)whichcontaingraves
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztothehonorablebrotherM.S.:AssalamuÀlaykum
warahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!).In
referencetoyourquestionregisteredinthetheDepartmentsofScholarlyResearch,and
Ifta'(No.2191/dated10/6/1407A.H.)inwhichyouaskabout:
1TherulingonbuildingaMasjidneargravestofavorthepeopleofthegraves.2Theruling
onofferingSalahthere.3TherulingonofferingSalahinMasjidswhichcontaingraves.
A : Iinformyouthatitisnotpermissibletobuildmosquesongraves.Likewise,itisnot
permissibletobuildmosquesnearthegravestofavorthedead.Ifthegravesarebuiltoutside
theMasjidandthereisapathorsomethinglikethisseparatingthemfromtheMasjid,
whichisnotbuiltforthesegraves,thereisnoharm.
MayAllahguideusalltoHispleasure.AssalamuÀlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(May
Allah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!).
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BuildingMasjidsorofferingSalah
attheplacestroddenbytheprophets
Q:IsitbesttobuildMasjids(Mosques)orpublicgardensovertheplaceswheretheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)usedtoprayorshouldtheybeleftuntouched?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforMuslimstobuildMasjidsortoofferSalah(Prayer)attheplacestroddenbythe
ProphetsasthisisameanstoShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship).Ùmar(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim)usedtoforbidpeoplefromdoingthis,saying,"Itisbecauseofpursuingtherelics
oftheirprophets,thepeoplebeforeyouweredestroyed."
He(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)cutdownthetreeatAlHudaybiyyahunderwhichBayàh(pledgeof
allegiance)wasmadetotheProphet.Whenhesawsomepeoplepayingfrequentvisitstothetreetooffer
Salahthere,hecutitdowninordertoblockanymeansleadingtoShirkandinordertowarntheUmmah
(nation)againstfallingintoBidàh(innovationinreligion).Hisbiography(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)is
bestnotedforemploymentofreasoninallhisactionsaswellashisdueconcerntoblockallmeansleading
toShirk.
MayAllahrewardhimbestfortherighteousdeedshedidforthebenefitofProphetMuhammad'sUmmah.
TheSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet)didnotbuildMasjidsoverplaceswheretheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)wasknowntohavetroddenupon,suchastheroadleadingtoMakkah,Tabuk,andothers.They
knewthatsuchanactcontradictedtheteachingsoftheProphetandcouldleadtofallinginthesinofmajor
Shirk(associatingothersinworshipwithAllah).Theyalsoknewthatsuchanactfellunderthecategoryof
BidàhagainstwhichtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)hadwarnedMuslims.InaHadithnarrated
byÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)theProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated, "Whoeverintroduces
anythingintothismatterofours(Islam)thatisnotpartofit,willhaveitrejected." (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim)
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsostated, "Whoeverdoesanactionwhichisnotinaccordancewiththismatterofours
(Islam),willhaveitrejected." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)bookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)usedtoquotethefollowingwordsrepeatedlyinhisFridayKhutbah(sermon): "Thebestofspeechis
embodiedintheBookofAllah,andthebestofallguidanceistheguidancebroughtbyMuhammad.Themostevilofallaffairsare
newlyinventedmattersandeverynewlyinventedmatterismisguidance." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)
bookofHadith)TherearemanyotherHadithstothateffect.
AllahAloneistheOneWhosehelpissought.ThereisneithermightnorpowerexceptwithAllah!
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RulingonperformingSalahinaMasjidthatcontainsoneormoregraves
andthewisdombehindtheexistenceofthegraves
oftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andhistwoCompanionsinAlMasjidAlNabawy
SomepeoplesaythattherulingonofferingSalahinaMasjidthatcontainsagraveisdifferent
fromthatwhichincludestwoormoregraves,isthistrue?TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
stated, "AllahcursedtheJewsandtheChristianstheymadethegravesoftheirprophetsplacesofworship. sohowcould
thisbe?WhensomepeoplevisitAlMadinahtheyconsidertheexistenceofthegravesofthe
ProphetandhistwoCompanionsinsideAlMasjidAlNabawy(theProphetsMosquein
Madinah)asevidenceofthevalidityofofferingSalahinsideitbecauseitisliketherestofthe
Masjids?Pleaseadviseus.
A : TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)cursedthosewhobuildMasjids(Mosques)
overgravesandwarnedMuslimsagainstdoingthis.He(peacebeuponhim)stated, "Indeed,
thosewhoprecededyouusedtotakethegravesoftheirprophetsandrighteousmenasplacesofworship,sobewareanddonot
makegravesintoMasjidsIforbidyoufromdoingthis." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)bookof
Hadith)ItisrecordedbyAlBukhariandMuslimontheauthorityofÀ'ishah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithher), UmmHabibahandUmmSalamah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)mentionedtotheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)achurchtheyhadseeninAbyssinia(Ethiopia)thathadpicturesinit.TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)said:
Whenapiouspersonamongthemdiedtheybuiltaplaceofworshiponhisgrave,andthendecorateditwiththosepictures.Theywill
betheworstofcreationinthesightofAllah.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)explainsthatthosewhobuildMasjidsovergravesarethe
worstcreaturesintheSightofAllahandhewarnsthemagainstthis.
ThisrulingisappliedtoanyMasjidincludingoneormoregraves.IfaMasjidisbuiltover
graves,itispermissibletodemolishitandthegravesshouldbemarkedwithoutbuildingover
themaswerethegravesduringthelifetimeoftheProphet(peacebeuponbeuponhim)in
A lBaqiàndelsewhere.Now,intheKingdomofSaudiArabiathegravesaremarkedbutnobuildings,
domes,orMasjidswerebuiltoverthem,soallpraiseisduetoAllah.
However,ifapersonwasburiedinsideanoldMasjid,thenthegraveshouldbeexhumedand
theremainsshouldbemovedtoapublicgravethathasnodomes,Masjids,oranyother
structureoverit.Thus,theMasjidshouldbefreeofgravesandpeopleareallowedtooffer
Salahinsideit.
AsforsomeignorantpeoplewhobasedtheirclaimofthepermissibilityofofferingSalahina
MasjidbuiltoveragraveontheexistenceofthegravesoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
andhistwoCompanionsinsidetheAlMasjidAlNabawy,thiscannotbetakenasevidence.
TheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)andhistwoCompanionsAbuBakrandÙmar(may
Allahbepleasedwiththem)wereburiedinhishousenotintheMasjid.When AlWalidIbnÀbdul
MalikIbnMarwanexpandedtheMasjidheannexedthehousetoit.Thiswasamistakethatshould
notbedone,sothattheignorantwouldnottakeitasevidence.Evenscholarshave
condemnedhisaction.ItisnotpermissibleforMuslimstotakethisasaprooftobuildMasjids
overgravesorbuildgravesinsideMasjids,becausethehouseoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him)wasseparatefromtheMasjidanditwasincludedlaterwhentheMasjidwasexpanded.
ThiswasnotlikebuildingaMasjidovergraves,becausethehousewasseparatedandwas
includedlaterduetotheurgentneedtoexpandtheMasjid.Therewasnootherwaytoavoid
thehouseintheprocessofexpandingtheMasjid,inadditiontothefactthatthegraveofthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)isseparatedfromtheMasjidbyawallandbarriers.
AMuslimshouldclarifythistohisfellowbrotherssothattheywillnotmakeamistake
regardingthismatter.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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SomepatientsmayneglectSalah
Q:SomepatientsneglectSalah(Prayer),sayingtheywillmakeupforthemwhentheyare
cured.OthersneglectSalahfortheycannotpurifythemselvesandremoveNajasah(ritual
impurity).Please,advisethosepeople!
A : ItisnotpermissibletoneglectSalahonthepretextofbeingunabletopurifyoneselfaslongasaperson
hasasoundmind.ApatientshouldofferSalahaccordingtohiscapacityandshouldpurifyhimselfwith
waterifheisabletousewaterotherwisehecanperformTayammum(dryablution)andofferSalah.He
shouldwashtheimpurityfromhisbodyandclotheswhenSalahisdueorhecanalsochangehisclothes.If
apersonisnotabletochangehisclothesorremovetheimpurity,theobligationisoverlookedforhim.Allah
(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan TheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)says, "IfIorderyoutodosomething,doasmuchofitasyoucan. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim)
WhenÌmranibnHusayn(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)wassick,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)toldhim,
"PerformSalahwhilestanding,andifyoucannot,(performit)sitting,andifyoucannot,(performit)lyingonyourside." (Related
b y A lBukhariinhisSahih(authentic)bookofHadith)ThisHadithisalsorecordedbyAlNasa'ywithaSahih
chainofnarratorswiththisaddition, "Ifyoucannotdoeventhat,youcanpraylyingonyourback."
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Isitlawfultohateandabstainfromgreetingthosewhodonotpray?
Q:IhatethosewhodonotofferSalah(Prayer)andIdonotliketogreetthem.Isthis
permissibleornot?
A : Accordingtoallscholars,whoeverdeniestheobligationofSalahisKafir(disbeliever)and
whoeverabstainsfromofferingSalahduetolazinessisalsoKafiraccordingtothesoundestof
twoviewsbyscholars.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Thecovenantthatdistinguishesbetweenus
andthem(nonMuslims,disbelievers,hypocrites)isSalah.AnyonewhoabandonsitisaKafir." He(peacebeuponhim)
alsosaid, "Verily,betweenamanandShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andKufr(disbelief)isthe
negligenceofprayer."
ApersonwhoabandonsSalahhascommittedamajorsin.SomescholarsseethatheisaKafir
evenifheislazytoofferSalah.ItisobligatoryuponallMuslimstoabandonthosewhodonot
offerSalah.Theyshouldalsodisapproveoftheiractionsandwarnthemagainstthe
consequencesoftheiractions.Therulersshouldasksuchpeopletorepentotherwisethey
shouldbekilled.
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ItismandatorytoorderthefamilytoofferSalah
Q:Iamtheeldestofthreebrothers.Theyareallmarried.Iwaketheirwivesupbyforceto
offerFajr(Dawn)Prayer.ShouldIwakethemuporshouldIleavethem
andtheirhusbandswillbeheldaccountablefortheiractions?Itisworthmentioningthatthey
offerSalahregularlybutitisdifficultforthemtowakeuptoofferFajrPrayer.
A : ItisyourdutytoorderthemtoofferSalahaslongasyouallliveinthesamehouseandyouarethe
eldest.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Allofyouareguardiansandareresponsibleforyourcharges."
However,youshouldwakethosewomenupfromoutsidetheirrooms,sothatyoudonotseetheirÀwrah
(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic).Youhavetoadvisethemandtheirhusbandsto
offerFajrPrayer.
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HowcanaMuslimmakeupformissedSalah?
Q:HowcantheMuslimmakeupfortheSalah(Prayer)hemissed,suchastheFajr(Dawn)
Prayer?IfitisJahriSalah(Prayerrecitedaudibly),shouldheperformitasso?Guideus,may
Allahblessyou!
A : IfonemissesobligatorySalah,hemusthastentoperformitasitshouldbe.IfitisJahri,heshould
performitasJahrisuchastheFajr(Dawn),Ìsha'(Night)andMaghrib(Sunset)Prayers.IfitisSirriSalah
(Prayerwithinaudiblerecitation),heshouldperformitasSirri,suchastheZhuhr(Noon)andÀsr
(Afternoon)Prayers.
HeshouldperformtheSalahhemissedashewouldatitsduetime.Thisisifitwasmissedoutof
forgetfulness,sleep,orsicknessthinkingthatitcouldnotbeperformedwhilebeingillsoitisdelayeditout
ofignorancehence,heshouldperformitasdue.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Whoeverforgetsa
Salahorsleepsandmissesit,theonlyexpiationistoofferitwhenoneremembersit. (AgreeduponbyImamsAlBukhari
andMuslim)
ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) andhisSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet)inone
oftheirtravelsoversleptatthetimeofFajrandnothingwakedthemexcepttheheatofthesun.Whentheywokeup,theProphet
(peacebeuponhim)orderedBilaltopronounceAdhan(calltoPrayer)andtheyperformedit(Fajr). ashedidwhenofferingit
atitsduetime.
However,ifoneabandonsitonpurpose,thenAllahguideshimandherepents,heshouldnotmakeupfor
it,forabandoningSalahintentioallyisamajorKufr.Therefore,ifherepentsheshouldnotmakeupforit,for
repentancewipesoutthepast.IfapersonrepentssincerelyforhavingabandonedSalah,Allahwillwipeout
hissinsandhedoesnotneedtomakeupformissedSalahaccordingtothemostpreponderantofthe
scholars'opinions.
ItisobligatorytomakeupformissedSalah,ifonemissesitoutofforgetfulnessorignorancethatone
shouldperformitevenifoneisillanddelaysittillonerecovers,orifhemissesitforbeingasleep.Theone
whoabandonsitintentionallymayAllahprotectusagainstthistherebycommitsKufr.TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)stated: ThecovenantthatstandsbetweenusandthemisSalahwhoeverneglectscommitsKufr. [Related
b y A lImamAhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)
withaSahih(authentic)Sanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHasybAlAslamy
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)]He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: "BetweenamanandShirk(associatingothers
withAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andKufrtherestandshisgivingupSalah. [RelatedbyMusliminhisSahihBookof
Hadith,ontheauthorityofJabiribnÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)]Therearesomany
Hadithtothesameeffect.
TheconclusionisthatifoneabandonsSalahintentionally,neglectingordenyingitonecommitsKufrifone
deniesitisobligatory,oneisKafir(disbeliever/nonMuslim)accordingtoIjma`(consensusofscholars).The
scholarsagreedunanimouslythathewhodeniesthatSalahisobligatorycommitsmajorKufr,mayAllah
grantussafety!However,ifoneabandonsitoutofnegligenceorlaziness,oneresemblesthehypocritesand
thisismajorKufraccordingtothemostpreponderantviewofscholars'.
SuchapersonshouldrepentsincerelytoAllahbyregrettingwhathehasdone,givingitup,determiningnot
torepeatit,glorifyingAllah,hopingtoberewardedbyHimandfearingHisPunishmentandheneednot
makeupforthemissedSalah.ThisisbecausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotordertheMurtad
(apostate)whowentoutthefoldofIslamthenrepentedtomakeupfortheSalahheabandoned.Similarly,
hisSahabahatthetimeofAbuBakrAlSiddiq,andafterhim,didnotordertheMurtadstomakeupforthe
Salahtheymissed.Inaddition,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Islamwipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit
(previousmisdeeds).Tawbah(repentancetoAllah)alsowipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit. He(peacebeuponhim)also
said: Hewhorepentsofhissinsislikeonewhodidnotcommitasin. MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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ShouldonewhoabandonsSalahintentionallymakeupforitafterrepenting?
Q:IfsomeonehasgivenupSalah(Prayer)intentionally,shouldtheymakeupforitwhenAllah
guidesthemtorepent,whethertheymissedoneormoreSalah?
A : TheyneednotmakeupforitiftheyabandonedSalahintentionallyaccordingtothemostpreponderant
oftwoviewsbyscholars,asabandoningSalahintentionallytakesoneoutofthefoldofIslam.
AKafir(disbeliever/nonMuslim)doesnotmakeupforwhatheleftwhenhewasaKafir.TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)stated: "Verily,betweenamanandShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship)andKufr
(disbelief)isthenegligenceofprayer." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith,ontheauthority
ofJabiribnÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem))He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: "Thecovenantthat
standsbetweenusandthem(nonMuslims,disbelievers,hypocrites)isSalahwhoeverneglectsitisaKafir. (RelatedbyImam
AhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)withaSahih
(authentic)Sanad(chainofnarrators)ontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusaybAlAslamy(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotorderKafirswhoenteredinIslamtomakeup
forwhattheymissed.Similarly,theSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet,mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)
didnotordertheapostateswhentheyreturnedtoIslamtomakeupforwhattheymissed.Ifonewho
discontinuesofferingSalahintentionallywithoutdenyingitsobligationmakesupforit,itisfine,tobeonthe
safesideandavoiddisagreeingwiththemajorityofscholarswhoheldtheviewthatonewhoabandons
SalahanddoesnotdenyitsobligationisnotKafir.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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ShouldarepentantmakeupformissedSalah?
OurgreatShaykhÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahIbnBaz,theMufty(Islamicscholarqualifiedtoissuelegal
opinions)oftheKingdomofSaudiArabiaandChairmanoftheCouncilofSeniorScholarsand
theDepartmentsofScholarlyResearchandIfta',mayAllahprotectyou!
Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!)
Someofthosewhoattendtheweeklyreligiouslessonsaskedmeaquestionandaskedmeto
sendthisquestiontoYourEminence.Hesaid:"IhavenotperformedSalah(Prayer)sinceI
wasyoung.IperformedSalahonlyforcertaintimes.IgaveupperformingSalahoutof
ignoranceandnegligence.Aftergettingmarried,IbegantoperformSalah.Iamstill
performingSalah,byvirtueofAllah'sgrace.Thiswasalsothecasewithmywife.Sheperforms
SalahandmakesupfortheSalahsshemissedonadailybasis.However,Ididnotmakeupfor
theSalahsImissedsincereachingmaturity.Wehavedifferedconcerningthispoint.Shouldwe
makeupfortheSalahswemissedorisitsufficienttoperformTawbah?MayAllahrewardyou
well!Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,and
Blessingsbeuponyou!)"
YoursincerestudentM.R.A.H
A:Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
TheQur'anandtheauthenticSunnahoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)denotethatIslamabrogatesthe
sinsandevildeedsthatprecedeitandTawbah(repentancetoAllah)abrogateswhatprecedesit.Allah(may
HebePraised)says: Say:"OIbd(Myslaves)whohavetransgressedagainstthemselves(bycommittingevildeedsandsins)!
DespairnotoftheMercyofAllh:verily,Allhforgivesallsins.TrulyHeisOftForgiving,MostMerciful. Scholarshave
unanimouslyagreedthatthisAyah(Qur'anicverse)wasrevealedforthosewhorepenttoAllah.Italso
denotesthatAllah(ExaltedbeHe)forgivesallsinsofthosewhorepenttoHimandthattheyarenot
requiredtomakeupforwhattheymissedofSalah(Prayer),Sawm(Fast)andotherthings.Itwas
authenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Islamwipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit(previous
misdeeds).Andpenitencealsowipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit. (ReportedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)book
ofHadith).ItwasauthenticallyreportedalsothattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Hewhorepentsfromhis
sinsisliketheonewhodidnotcommitasin. He(peacebeuponhim)didnotaskthepeoplewhoembracedIslam
onthedayoftheLiberationofMakkahtoperformwhattheyleftoftheobligationsofIslam.The
CompanionsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotorder,duringtheeraofAbuBakrandÙmar(may
Allahbepleasedwiththem),thosetribeswhogaveupIslamafterthedeathoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him),suchasBanuHanifahandotherstomakeupforwhattheymissedofSalahandSawm.Thisisanagreed
uponviewpointamongscholars.Allahistheonewhograntssuccess.Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullah
wabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
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MakingupformissedSalah
Q:WhatistherulingonmissedSalah(Prayer)?ShouldImakeupformissedSalah?Iheard
theHadiththatwasreportedontheauthorityofAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "WhoevermissesaprescribedprayercanofferfourRak'ahsonRamadan's
lastFridaythenaskAllahtoforgivehim''. IsitanauthenticallyreportedHadith?MayAllahrewardyou
well!
A : ThisHadithisnotauthenticandhasnobasis.Butyouhavetomakeupforwhatyouhavemissed.Ifone
doesnotperformSalahduetoforgetfulness,sleepordisease,hehastomakeupforthem.However,ifhe
givesupSalahwillinglywithoutanyexcuse,heisnotrequiredtomakeupforthem.Thisisbecausegiving
upSalahwillinglyisconsideredaformofmajorKufr(disbelief)evenifhedoesnotdenyitsobligation.This
isaccordingtothesoundestopinionofscholars.ButifonegivesupSalahwillinglyanddeniesitsobligation,
heisadisbelieveraccordingtotheviewpointofallscholars.Scholarshavedifferedconcerningtheperson
whogivesupSalahoutofnegligenceandlazinesswhileherealizesthatitisobligatoryuponhim.The
soundestviewpointinthisregardisthatheisadisbelieverandheisnotrequiredtomakeupforwhathe
missedofSalahandSawm,andhehastorepenttoAllahandkeepfirmonperformingit.Thepersonwho
givesupSalahbecauseofsickness,forgetfulnessorsleephastomakeupforit.TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said: "HewhomissesasingleSalahbecausehesleepsorforgetsitshouldofferitwhenheremembersit,thereisno
Kaffarah(expiation)forit,exceptthis." Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says:
Saytothosewhohavedisbelieved,iftheycease(fromdisbelief),theirpastwillbeforgiven. TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)saidalso: Penitencewipesoutallmisdeedsdonebeforeit,andsodoesIslam. Itwasauthenticallyreportedthat
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformance
ofSalat.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever." He(peacebeuponhim)said: "ThepeakofthematterisIslamthe
pillarisSalahanditstopmostpartisJihad(Fighting/StrugglingintheCauseofAllah)." and "Whatmakesoneadisbelieveranda
polytheistisabandoningprayers." ReportedbyMuslim(mayAllahbeMercifulwithhim)inhisSahih.Allthese
textsandothersthatbearthesamemeaningdenotethathewhogivesupSalahnegligentlyorindolentlyisa
disbeliever.OneisnotpermittedtodelaySalahexceptincasesofsickness,sleeporotherexcusesthat
permithimtodelaySalahfromitsduetime.Therefore,theonewhoforgetsorsleepsortheonewhoissick
anddelaysperformingSalahshouldmakeupforit.TheonewhogivesupSalahwillinglyshouldnotmake
upforwhathemissedofSalah.However,hehastorepenttoAllah(mayHebePraised)asmentioned
earlier.
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MakingupformissedSalahsbyonewhorepentstoAllah
ThismessageisfromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztoournoblebrother.MayAllahsafeguardhim
againstdevilishinsinuationsandgranthimsuccessinhisworldlyandreligiousmatters.
Ihavereceivedyourbookthatcontainssomequestionsaboutthingsyouhavedoneandtheir
ruling
werenotcleartoyouandyoufeartheiroutcome.Ihavepreviouslyrespondedtoyour
questionon7/13/1390A.H.,byaskingyoutocomeandyoucouldnot.Iwillanswer,Inshaa
Allah(ifAllahwills),thequestionsthatarementionedinyourletter.
First,youmentionedthatyouperformedSalah(Prayer)andthengaveupandyouintended
firmlythatyouwouldrepentandthenrenegedonyourTawbah(repentance).Thisnegligence
mightleadyou,sometimes,toforsaketheotherpillarsofIslam.However,youintendfirmlyto
repentsincerelytoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andtogiveupsinsaltogether.Youwouldliketoask
ifyourTawbahwillbeacceptedorifyouwillbeamongthoseforwhomAllahsays(Exaltedbe
He): Verily,thosewhobelieve,thendisbelieve,thenbelieve(again),and(again)disbelieve,andgoonincreasingindisbeliefAllh
willnotforgivethem IsitnecessaryforapersonwhomakesTawbahtopronouncetheTwo
testificationsofcreedatthepresenceofascholar?IsitobligatorytoperformGhusl(ritual
bathfollowingmajorritualimpurity)andtwoRak'ahs?
A : Allah(ExaltedbeHe)pointsoutinhisGloriousBookthatHeacceptsTawbahfromHis
servantswhatevertheirsinsare.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Say:"OIbd(Myslaves)whohave
transgressedagainstthemselves(bycommittingevildeedsandsins)!DespairnotoftheMercyofAllh:verily,Allhforgivesallsins.
TrulyHeisOftForgiving,MostMerciful. ScholarshaveunanimouslyagreedthatthisAyah(Qur'anic
verse)isforthosewhorepenttoAllah(ExaltedbeHe).AllahtellsusinthisAyahthatHe
forgivesallthesinsofHisservantsprovidedthattheyaresincereintheirTawbah,regretting
forwhattheydid,
givingupsinsandintendingnottoreturntosinagain.ThisisthetrueTawbah.Allah(mayHe
bePraised)prohibitsthemfromdespairfromHisMercyregardlessoftheirsins.Thisis
becauseAllah'sMercyencompasseseverythingandHisforgivenessismostgreat.Allah
(ExaltedbeHe)says: AndHeitisWhoacceptsrepentancefromHisslaves,andforgivessins,andHeknowswhatyoudo.
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)saysaboutthe Christians: WilltheynotturnwithrepentancetoAllhandaskHisForgiveness?
ForAllhisOftForgiving,MostMerciful.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Islamwipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit(previousmisdeeds).And
Tawbahalsowipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit." TherearemanyAyahsandHadithsthatconfirmthis
meaning.
Therefore,youhavetogiveupsins,safeguardyourselfagainstit,intendfirmlythatyouwill
notreturntoevildeedsagainandregrettheevildeedsyouhavepreviouslydone.Youhaveto
dosooutofsincerityandglorificationofAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andyouhavetofearHis
punishmentanddesireHisMercy.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)said: "Allah(ExaltedbeHe)wouldsay:IamasMyservantthinksofMeandIamwithhimwheneverhesupplicates
M e . " TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidinanotherHadith: Letnoneofyoudiewithoutexpectinggood
fromAllah. ThisHadithwasreportedbyMusliminhisSahih.
OservantofAllah,youshouldbepious,expectgoodfromYourLordandrepentsincerelyto
AllahinordertogainHissatisfactionanddisobeythedevil.Youhavetobedelightedthat
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)willacceptyourrepentanceandwipeoutyoursinsifyouaretruthfulin
yourTawbah.AllahistheMostTruthfulinfulfillingHispromisesandtheMostMerciful.
Testifyingbeforeascholarisnotaconditionforacceptingrepentance.Repentanceisto
acceptwhatyouhavedeniedandperformwhatyouhavemissed.IfgivingupSalah(Prayer)is
adisbelief,thenrepentancewillbethroughperformingSalahinthefuture,regrettingwhat
youdidpreviouslyandintendingfirmlynottoreturntowhatyouusedtodo.Youarenot
requiredtomakeupfortheSalahthatyoumissed.Thisisbecauserepentancewipesoutthe
sinsthatwerecommittedbeforeit.
However,ifyoudoubtedordeniedashShahadatayn(twotestificationsofcreed),repentance
fromthesesinsshouldbethroughannouncingthemevenifyouarealone.Youhavetobear
witnessthatthereisnodeitybutAllahandthatMuhammadisthemessengerofAllah.You
havetobelievefirmlythatAllahisyourLordwhohasnootherdeitywithHimandthat
Muhammad(peacebeuponhim)istheservantofAllahandHisMessengertomankindand
Jinn.WhoeverobeyshimwillbeadmittedtoParadiseandwhoeverdisobeyshimwillbe www.ircpk.com
thrownintheHellfire.
YouarerecommendedtoperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity).Some
scholarssaidthatGhuslisobligatoryuponhewhoembracesIslamorcommitsRiddah
(apostasy).Therefore,youshouldperformGhuslbypouringwateruponyourwholebody
intendingtoembraceIslam.YouhavealsotorepenttoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)forallyouhave
doneofKufr(disbelief).ButitisnotobligatoryuponyoutoperformtwoRak'ahs(unitof
Prayer)afterthisGhusl.However,ItisrecommendedforeveryMuslimtoperformtwoRak`hs
ifhe/shehasaGhusl.ThisisdenotedinmanyHadiths.
AsforAllah'ssaying(ExaltedbeHe): Verily,thosewhobelieve,thendisbelieve,thenbelieve(again),and(again)
disbelieve,andgoonincreasingindisbelief ,itdoesnotmeanthatAllahwillnotaccepttherepentanceof
thosewhoincreasetheirKufrorrepeatcommittingKuf.ScholarssaidthatthisAyah(Qur'anic
verse)meanskeepingonKufrtillhedies.
Allah(mayHebePraised)saysinanotherAyahinsurahalBaqarah: Verily,thosewhodisbelieve,and
diewhiletheyaredisbelievers,itistheyonwhomistheCurseofAllhandoftheangelsandofmankind,combined. Theywillabide
therein(underthecurseinHell),theirpunishmentwillneitherbelightened,norwilltheybereprieved. Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
saysalsoinsurahAluImran: Verily,thosewhodisbelieved,anddiedwhiletheyweredisbelievers,the(whole)earthfull
ofgoldwillnotbeacceptedfromanyoneofthemeveniftheyoffereditasaransom.Forthemisapainfultormentandtheywillhave
nohelpers. Allah(ExaltedbeHe)alsosaysinsurahalBaqarah: Andtheywillneverceasefightingyouuntil
theyturnyoubackfromyourreligion(IslmicMonotheism)iftheycan.Andwhosoeverofyouturnsbackfromhisreligionanddiesas
adisbeliever,thenhisdeedswillbelostinthislifeandintheHereafter,andtheywillbethedwellersoftheFire.Theywillabide
thereinforever." Allah(ExaltedbeHe)pointsoutinthosethreeAyahsthattheoccurrenceof
punishment,cursing,rejectingtheacceptanceandtheabortionofrighteousdeedsarebound
bydyingasdisbeliever.
ScholarshaveunanimouslyagreedthattheTawbahofadisbelieverregardlessofhisKufrand
Riddah(apostasy)willbeacceptedifhesincerelyrepentstoAllah.SincereTawbahincludes
givingupKufr,firmintentionfornotreturningtoKufragainandregretforthesinsthatwere
committed.However,theyhavedifferedconcerningtheworldlypunishmentfortheperson
whocommitsRiddahmanytimes.Shouldhebekilledorexemptedfromkillingbecauseofhis
Tawbah?
Thisisacontentiousissueamongscholars.Theyhaveagreedconcerningtheacceptanceofhis
TawbahprovidedthathesincerelyrepentstoAllah(ExaltedbeHe).Ihopethatyouwillbe
satisfiedwithwhatwehavesaid.
ItisincumbentuponyoutosincerelyrepenttoAllahandsupplicatetoHiminsistentlyto
acceptyourTawbah,keepyoufirmontruthandsafeguardyouagainsttheinsinuationsand
whisperingofthedevil.Devilisyouropenenemywhodesirestodevastateyou.Allah(mayHe
bePraised)says: Surely,Shaitn(Satan)isanenemytoyou,sotake(treat)himasanenemy.HeonlyinviteshisHizb
(followers)thattheymaybecomethedwellersoftheblazingFire. Therefore,youhavetohurryupandoffer
sincereTawbah.Youshouldalsorejoiceingoodness,agoodoutcome,salvationfromthefire
andacceptanceofyourrepentanceifyouaretruthful.IadviseyoualsotooffermuchDhikr
(RemembranceofAllah),Tasbih(glorificationofAllah),Tahmid(saying:"Alhamdulillah[All
praiseisduetoAllah]")andIstighfar(seekingforgivenessfromAllah).Youshouldalsoask
Allah(ExaltedbeHe)tobestowpeaceandblessingsupontheMessengerofAllah(peacebe
uponhim).OneofthebestwaystorememberAllahissaying:"ThereisnodeitybutAllah
alonewhohasnopartners.HisistheSovereigntyandHisisthepraise.Hehaspowerover
everything."
Oneshouldalsosaythefollowingsayings:"SubhanAllah(GlorybetoAllah).Alhamdulillah
(AllpraiseisduetoAllah).LailahaillaAllah(thereisnodeitybutAllah).Thereisneither
powernormightexceptwithAllah.AllpraisebetoAllahandwithHisPraise.Allpraisebeto
AllahtheGreat.IseekAllah'sforgivenesswhohasnopartners,theEverLiving,theOneWho
sustainsandprotectsallthatexists.ThereisnodeityexceptYou.Truly,Iamofthe
wrongdoers."Oneshouldalsosay:"OAllah,Ihavewrongedmyselftoomuch.Nooneforgives
sinsexceptyou.OAllah,grantmeforgivenessfromYouandgrantmemercy.YouaretheAll
Forgivining,AllMerciful."
IalsorecommendyoutoreciteQur'anandponderinitsmeanings.ThisisbecauseQur'an
containsguidanceforeverygoodandawarningagainsteveryevil.Iadviseyoualsotoread
whateveriseasyforyouofthewellknownbooksthatexplainthemeaningofHadithsas
RiyadalSalihinandBulughalMaram.Youwillfindinthesebooksallthathelpsyoudo
righteousdeeds,inshaaAllah(ifAllahwills).ObservingsupererogatorySawm(Fast)of
certaindaysasMondays,Thursdaysandthreedaysofeverylunarmonthisarighteousdeed
thatbringsyougreatrewardandremovesyoursins.Butifyourmotherisnotsatisfiedwith
doingso,youshouldnotinfuriateher.Thisisbecausemotherhasagreatrightand
maintaininggoodtieswithherisonethegreatobligations.Shemayfearthatyouwillbelazy
withregardtoseekingprovisionsandmeetingtheneedsofyourfamilyifyouobserveSawm.
Itisalsowellknownthatseekinglawfulprovisionforone'schildrenandfamilyisnotonlyone www.ircpk.com
arighteousdeed,butitisalsoanimportantduty.Doingsoisbetterthandevotingoneselffor
supererogatorySalahandSawm.
Anyway,Iadviseyoutoobeyherinthisregard.Ifyou,inthefuture,feelthatshewillagree
tograntyoupermission,youcandothisprovidedthatSawmdoesnotaffectyourabilityto
workortheaforementionedduties.
WeaskAllahtograntyouunderstandinginreligion,guideyoutotherightpath,grantyou
sincereTawbahandsafeguardusandyouagainsttheinsinuationsofdevil,evilsoftheself
andevildeeds.HeistheMostBountifulandtheMostGenerous.Maypeaceandblessingsof
AllahbeuponourProphetMuhammad(peacebeuponhim),hisfamilyandCompanions.
DeputyDeanoftheIslamicUniversityatMadina.
www.ircpk.com

HowcanonemakeupfortheSalahhemissedovermanyyears?
A:ThequestionerisM.BfromDamascus,Syria.Hesays:"Doesperformingthesupererogatory
SunnahofFajr(Dawn)Prayer,Zhuhr(Noon)Prayer,Àsr(Afternoon)Prayer,Maghrib
(Sunset)PrayerandÌsha'(Night)PrayertakestheplaceofmakingupforobligatorySalah
(Prayer)?IhavenotperformedSalahformanyyears.ShouldImakeupfortheprescribed
SalahthatImissed?Pleaseanswermyquestion.MayAllahrewardyouwell.
A : WhoevergivesupprescribedSalahwillinglyoutofidlenessandnegligencecommitsagreatcrimethatis
grievousthanadultery,robberyandothermajorsins.Bydoingso,hecommitsamajorKufraccordingto
thesoundestopinionofscholars.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfrom
disbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalat.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. ThisHadithwasreported
byImamAhmadandthefourcompilersoftheSunanwithanauthenticchainoftransmittersonthe
authorityofBuraydahibnAlHasib(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said
also: "Whatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningprayers." ThisHadithwasreportedbyMusliminhis
SahihontheauthorityofJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).TherearemanyHadithsthatwerereported
concerningthatpoint.
IfoneabandonsSalahwillinglyashedeniesthatitisanobligation,hewillbeadisbelieveraccordingtothe
consensusofMuslimscholars.ItisobligatoryuponhewhoabandonsSalahwillinglyoutofidlenessand
negligencetorepentimmediatelytoAllah(mayHebePraised).Heshouldregretwhathehasdoneand
intendfirmlynottoreturn
tosuchgreatsinagain.HehasalsotokeepupperformingSalahintheirduetimesoutoffearand
glorificationtoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)andacknowledgingHisrights.WhoeversincerelyrepentstoAllah,He
willaccepthisTawbah(repentance).Allah(mayHebePraised)says: AndallofyoubegAllhtoforgiveyouall,O
believers,thatyoumaybesuccessful , Oyouwhobelieve!TurntoAllhwithsincererepentance! and Andverily,Iamindeed
forgivingtohimwhorepents,believes(inMyOneness,andassociatesnoneinworshipwithMe)anddoesrighteousgooddeeds,and
thenremainsconstantindoingthem,(tillhisdeath). TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Hewhorepentsfromhissins
isliketheonewhodidnotcommitasin." YouarenotrequiredtomakeupfortheSalahyoumissedbecause
sincererepentanceissufficientinthiscase.
WeaskAllahtosafeguardMuslimswithregardtotheirreligionandguidethosewhohavegoneastray.Heis
theAllHearing,AllResponsive.
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HedidnotperformSalahtillhewastwentyfouryearsold.Shouldhe
makeupforSalahthathemissedorisTawbahsufficientinthiscase?
Q:QuestionerT.B.fromAlgeriaasks:"Iamtwentyyearsold.IstartedperformingSalah
(Prayer)whenIwastwentyfouryearsold.AllpraisebetoAllah,IkeepperformingSalahtill
now.IthankAllahforguidingme.IhavebeguntomakeupfortheSalahthatImissed,as
muchasIcould,sinceIwasfifteenyearsold.
Peoplehavedifferedinthisregard.SomesaythatIamnotrequiredtomakeupfortheSalah
thatImissedandotherssaythatIhavetomakeupfortheseSalah.Ihopeyouwillpointout
thetruthforme.
A : ThesoundestviewpointinthisregardisthatyouarenotrequiredtomakeupfortheSalah
thatyoumissedandsincereTawbah(repentance)willbesufficientforyou.Thissincere
Tawbahcontainsregrettingwhatwasdonepreviouslyofsins,keepingupperformingSalah
andsincereintentionfornotreturningbacktosinsagain.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
says: Saytothosewhohavedisbelieved,iftheycease(fromdisbelief),theirpastwillbeforgiven. and: AndallofyoubegAllh
toforgiveyouall,Obelievers,thatyoumaybesuccessful and: Oyouwhobelieve!TurntoAllhwithsincererepentance! The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Islamwipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit(previousmisdeeds).Andpenitence
alsowipesoutallthathasgonebeforeit." and: Hewhorepentsfromhissinsisliketheonewhodidnotcommitasin." There
aremanyAyahs(verse)andHadithstothiseffect.WeaskAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)
tograntyouunderstandingofreligionandkeepyoufirmonTruth.Weadviseyouto
accompanygoodpeopleandwarnyouagainstevilones.WeaskAllahtoacceptyour
repentanceandgrantyouandusagoodend.
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AwomanabandonedPrayeroutofignoranceandhasnotmadeupformissedprayers
Q:WereceivedthismessagefromsisterA.A.M.fromSudan,UmDurman.Shesaysthatshe
didnotperformSalah(Prayer)whenshewasyounguntilshebecame16yearsold.Shedid
thatoutofignorance.Shedidnotperformthesemissedprayersbutnowsheperformsthe
supererogatory,stressedandnonstressedSunnah.Isthisactrightornot?
Answer:ThankstoAllahwhograntedherrepentance.Havegladtidings,forrepentancewipesoutthepast
sins.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Repentancewipesoutallthepreviousmisdeeds. TheProphet(peace
beuponhim)alsosays, Hewhorepentsfromhissinsislikeonewhodidnotcommitasin. Sobecauseofyour
repentanceAllahwipesoutyourmisdeedsandtheprayersyouabandonedinthepast.
Butifyouperformsupererogatoryprayersasmuchasyoucan,thatwouldbeofgreatbenefittoyouby
whichAllahcorrectstheshortcomingsofobligatoryprayersyouperformedandgrantyougreatrewards.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidinaHadithQudsy(RevelationfromAllahintheProphet'swords), ''I
[Allah]willdeclarewaragainsthimwhoshowshostilitytoaWaliy(piousperson)ofMine.ThemostbelovedthingwithwhichMyslave
comesnearertoMe,iswhatIhaveenjoineduponhim.MyslavekeepsoncomingclosertoMethroughperformingNawafil
(supererogatoryactsofworship)untilIlovehim,soIbecomehissenseofhearingwithwhichhehears,andhissenseofsightwith
whichhesees,andhishandwithwhichhegrips,andhislegwithwhichhewalksandifheasksMe,Iwillgivehim,andifheasksMy
protection(Refuge),Iwillprotecthim(i.e.givehimMyRefuge)...'' ThisisagreatHadithrelatedbyAlBukhariinhis
Sahih(authentic)BookofHadith.
Thisindicatesthatperformingsupererogatoryactsofworshiparecausestotheservantstoattainabsolute
loveofAllahandindicatesthathostilitywiththepiouscausesAllahtowagewaragainsttheservantand
makehimincurtheWrathofAllah.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, ''Iwilldeclarewaragainsthimwho
showshostilitytoaWaliy(piousperson)ofMine.'' Itmeanstowagewaronhim.
TheAwliya'(pl.ofWaliy)arethebelieversandthosewhofearAllahfromamongmenandwomenthose
whoperformwhatAllahcommands,keepawayfromwhatAllahforbids,andkeepawayfromAllah's
restrictions.Theyaretherealbelieversandtherealpiouspeople.Thepiousarenottheoneswhoadopt
superstitiousactsliketheSufisorthelike,i.e.religiousinnovators.AWaliyisthebelieverandthepiouseven
ifhewasafarmer,worker,doctor,engineerorservant.AllofthemareGodlypeopleiftheyarebelievers
andpious.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says, Nodoubt!Verily,theAuliyofAllh[i.e.thosewhobelieveinthe
OnenessofAllhandfearAllhmuch(abstainfromallkindsofsinsandevildeedswhichhehasforbidden),andloveAllhmuch
(performallkindsofgooddeedswhichHehasordained)],nofearshallcomeuponthemnorshalltheygrieve. Thosewhobelieved
(intheOnenessofAllhIslmicMonotheism),andusedtofearAllhmuch(byabstainingfromevildeedsandsinsandbydoing
righteousdeeds).
AllahindicatesherethattheAwliya'arethosewhofearAllah,thebelievers,thosewhoworshipnonebut
Allah,whoperformHisObligationssuchasSalahandotherobligationsandabandonsins.TheyareAllah's
Awliya'eveniftheydonothaveKaramah(anextraordinaryeventperformedbyapiousperson)asmostof
theSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet)didnothaveKaramaheventhoughtheywerethebestofAllah's
slavesandthebestAwliya'aftertheprophets.Allah'srealAwliya'arethebelievers.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
says, andtheyarenotitsguardians?NonecanbeitsguardiansexceptAlMuttaqn(thepiousSeeV.2:2),butmostofthemknow
not.
TheHadithmentionedaboveindicatesthatthebestthingthatbringsoneclosertoAllahistheperformance
ofAllah'sObligations,suchasSalah,Zakah(obligatorycharity),Sawm(Fast),Hajj,Jihad(fighting/strivingin
theCauseofAllah),andenjoiningwhatisgoodandforbiddingwhatisbad.Then,onehastocomecloserto
Allahbyperformingsupererogatoryactsofworship,suchasthoseofZhuhr(Noon)Prayer,Maghrib
(Sunset)Prayer,Ìsha'(Evening)Prayer,Fajr(Dawn),theprayersbeforeAsr(Afternoon)Prayer,Salatul
Duha(supererogatoryPrayeraftersunrise),andtheNightPrayers.Allthesesupererogatoryactsofworship
helpthebelieverscomeclosertoAllah.Onehastoperformthemasmuchashecanuntilonereachesthe
absoluteloveofAllahandbeguidedinhislistening,sight,hands,andlegssothatAllahwouldguidehim
nottolistenorseebutwhatAllahmadepermissible,nottowalkbuttowhatAllahmadepermissible,and
nottograspbutwhatAllahmadepermissible.InthisHadith,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says, untilIlovehim(so
muchsothat)Ibecomehissenseofhearingwithwhichhehears,andhissenseofsightwithwhichhesees,andhishandwithwhich
hegrips,andhislegwithwhichhewalks ThismeansthatAllahwillmakehimsucceedinallthesematters.Itdoes
notmeanthatAllahishissight,hearing,handsorlegs.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)isonHisThrone,Higherthan
allHisCreatures.ThemeaninghereisthatAllahwillguidehiminhislistening,sight,walkandgrasping.In
anothernarration,Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says, Ibecomehissenseofhearingwithwhichhehears,hissenseofsightwith
whichhesees,andhishandwithwhichhegrips,andhislegwithwhichhewalks. ItmeansthatAllahwillguidehiminhis
deeds,sayings,listeningandsight.ThisisthemeaningunderstoodbyAhlulSunnahwalJamaàh(those
adheringtotheSunnahandtheMuslimmainbody).SoAllahacceptshisPrayerifheasksHimAllahgives
himifheseeksHisRefugeAllahgrantshimHisRefuge,andifheseeksAllah'sprotectionAllahwillprotect www.ircpk.com
him.MayAllahguideusall.
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HedidnotperformSalahtillhewastwentyyearsold.Shouldhe
makeupfortheSalahhemissed?
Q:QuestionerA.A.M.AfromQina,ArabRepublicofEgypt,asks:"IdidnotofferSalah(Prayer)
tillIwas24yearsold.NowIoffereachobligatorySalahtwiceinordertomakeupforthe
SalahImissed.Isitpermissibletodoso?ShouldIkeepupdoingso,orwhatshouldIdo?
Pleaseanswermyquestion.MayAllahrewardyouwell."
A : TheonewhogivesupSalah(Prayer)willinglyisnotrequiredtomakeupforwhathemissedaccording
tothesoundestopinionofscholars.HehastorepenttoAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe).Thisisbecause
SalahisthepillarofIslamandabandoningitisoneofthemajorsins.Moreover,abandoningSalahwillingly
isaMajorKufr(disbelief)accordingtothesoundestopinionofscholars.Itwasauthenticallyreportedthat
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims,disbelievers,hypocrites)is
ourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever." (RelatedbyImamAhmadandtheAhlulSunan
(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticchainofnarratorson
theauthorityofBuraydah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "What
makesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoningSalah." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahihbookofHadithonthe
authorityofJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).TherearemanyHadithsthatdenotethesamemeaning.
YouhavetorepentsincerelytoAllah(ExaltedbeHe)byregrettingwhatyouhavedoneofsins,keepingup
performingSalahandfirmintentionthatyouwillnotreturntosuchsinagain.Youarenotrequiredtomake
upfortheSalahyouhavemissedwitheverySalahyouperformorinotherways.
YouhaveonlytorepenttoAllah.AllpraisebetoAllahwhoacceptstheTawbah(repentance)ofhewho
repentstoHim.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: AndallofyoubegAllhtoforgiveyouall,Obelievers,thatyoumaybe
successful TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Hewhorepentsfromhissinsisliketheonewhodidnotcommita
sin."
Therefore,youhavetobesincereinyourTawbahandholdyourselfresponsibleforyoursins.Youhavealso
toexertefforttoperformSalahintheirduetimesincongregation.YouhavealsotoseekAllah'sforgiveness
forthesinsyouhavecommittedanddoalotofrighteousdeeds.YoushouldexpectgoodnessofyourLord.
Allah(mayHebePraised)says: Andverily,Iamindeedforgivingtohimwhorepents,believes(inMyOneness,and
associatesnoneinworshipwithMe)anddoesrighteousgooddeeds,andthenremainsconstantindoingthem,(tillhisdeath).
UponmentioningShirk(associatingotherswithAllahinHisDivinityorworship),killingandadulteryin
SurahAlFurqan,Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: andwhoeverdoesthisshallreceivethepunishment. The
tormentwillbedoubledtohimontheDayofResurrection,andhewillabidethereinindisgrace Exceptthosewhorepentand
believe(inIslmicMonotheism),anddorighteousdeedsforthose,Allhwillchangetheirsinsintogooddeeds,andAllhisOft
Forgiving,MostMerciful.
WeaskAllahtograntyouandussuccess,sincereTawbahandIstiqamah(integrity).
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RulingonwhoeverperformsSalahatcertaintimesandgivesupatothers
Q:SomeoneperformsSalah(Prayer)forcertaintimesandgiveupothers.Whatisyouradvice
forthem?
A : ItisincumbentuponeveryMuslimwhethermaleorfemaletofearAllah(ExaltedbeHe)inallaffairs.
SalahisthegreatestpillarofIslamandthegreatestobligationafterpronouncingShahadah(Testimonyof
Faith,i.e.thereisnodeitybyAllahandthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah).
Therefore,itisincumbentuponeveryMuslimwhethermaleorfemaletokeepupperformingSalahintheir
duetimes.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: Guardstrictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especially
themiddleSalt(i.e.thebestprayerAsr). and: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZaktandbowdown(or
submityourselveswithobediencetoAllh)alongwithArRakin. and: AndperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt
andobeytheMessenger(Muhammad)thatyoumayreceivemercy(fromAllh).
SalahisthemostimportantactofworshipafterpronouncingShahadah.Whoeverkeepsperformingit
protectshisreligionandwhoeverneglectsitdestroysallotherthings.Moreover,whoeverperformsitat
sometimesandgivesitupatsomeothersisadisbelieveraccordingtothesoundestoftwoopinionsby
scholarsevenifhedoesnotdenyitsobligation.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: "Thatwhich
differentiatesusfromthem(nonMuslims,disbelievers,hypocrites)isourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesa
disbeliever." (RelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedby
jurisprudentialthemes)withanauthenticchainofnarratorsontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHusayb
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: "Whatmakesoneadisbelieverand
apolytheistisabandoningSalah." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahihbookofHadith).TherearemanyHadiththat
werereportedonthisregard.
ItisincumbentuponeveryMuslimwhethermaleorfemaletobecautiousagainstnegligenceandleniencein
performingSalah.TheyshouldbeconsistentinperformingSalahattheirduetimes.Theyshoulddoitwith
humbleness,tranquilityandsubmissioninordertobedoneinawaythatpleasesAllah(ExaltedbeHe).
MenshouldperformSalahincongregationwithMuslimsinattheMasjid(Mosque).Buttheyshouldnot
imitatethehypocriteswhoperformitonlytobeseenbythepeople,andiftheyareawayfrompeoplethey
becomelazyinperformingit.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)says: Verily,thehypocritesseektodeceiveAllh,butitisHeWho
deceivesthem.AndwhentheystandupforAsSalt(theprayer),theystandwithlazinessandtobeseenofmen,andtheydonot
rememberAllhbutlittle. (Theyare)swayingbetweenthisandthat,belongingneithertothesenortothose Theydonot
belongtoMuslimsortodisbelievers.TheyswayandhesitatebetweenIslamandKufr(disbelief)becauseof
theirdoubt,disbeliefanderror.Allah(mayHebePraised)says: Verily,thehypocriteswillbeinthelowestdepth
(grade)oftheFirenohelperwillyoufindforthem. TheydeservesuchpunishmentbecauseoftheirKufr,doubt,
hypocrisy,suspicionandconcealingKufrwhileshowingbelief.Therefore,oneshouldbecautiousinorder
nottofollowthebadexampleandtraitsofthosehypocrites.
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ThevirtueofperformingSalahinsidetheKa`bah
Q :IsperformingSalah(Prayer)insidetheKa`bahbetterthanoutsideit?Isitpermissiblefor
amantotalkaboutwhathesawinsidetheKa`bah?
Answer:PerformingprayersinsidetheKa`bahisMustahab(desirable)ifitispossiblewithoutexertingany
extraeffort,hardship,orhurtinganyone.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)enteredandperformedSalah
insideit.Thisisauthenticallyreported
b y A lBukhariandMuslim.ItisnarratedthattheProphet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)cameout
depressedandsaid, IfearthatIhaveburdenedmynation.When'AishahaskedhimaboutperformingSalahinsidetheKa`bah,
He(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)said,"PrayinAlHijrforitispartoftheHouse
ThisindicatesthatperformingSalahinsidetheKa`bahisMustahabandbringsoneclosertoAllah.Itis
obediencetoAllahandithasvirtues.Butoneshouldnotpushpeople,hurtothers,orburdenhimselfor
otherstogoinside.ItisenoughforhimtoprayinAlHijrasitispartoftheHolyHouse.Itispermissibleto
talkaboutwhatonesawinsidetheKa`bahofhowitisdecorated,theceiling,orotherthings.Itispermissible
todescribewhatyouhaveseeninsideandthereisnoharminthis.
TheSunnahistoperformatwounitPrayerinsidetheKa`bahifyouenterit,sayingAllahuAkbarinits
cornersandsupplicatingtoAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)asmuchaspossibleespeciallywithJawami`
A lKalim(themostconciseexpressionscarryingthemosteloquentmeanings).TheProphet(peacebeupon
him)enteredtheKa`bahwhereheperformedSalahandsaid,"AllahuAkbar"initscornersandsupplicated
there.AllthisisauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet.
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ChapteronAdhanandIqamah
ThecorrectwayofannouncingAdhan
Q:WhatisthepropermannerofannouncingAdhan(calltoPrayer)?Whatisyouropinion
concerningtheadditionspeopleuseaftertheAdhan?
A : ThepropermannerofannouncingtheAdhanisthewaytaughtbytheProphet(peacebeuponhim)to
hisfollowers.Bilal(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)usedtoannouncetheAdhaninthepresenceofthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)tilltheProphet(peacebeuponhim)died.HeusedtoannouncetheAdhan
duringtheMakkanperiodandatMadinah.ThisistheAdhanthatweannouncetodaywhichconsistsoffifteen
phrases:AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar(AllahistheGreatest.Allahisthe
Greatest.AllahistheGreatest.AllahistheGreatest)AshhaduAnLaIlahaIllaAllah,AshhaduAnLaIlaha
IllaAllah(IbearwitnessthatthereisnodeitybutAllah.IbearwitnessthatthereisnodeitybutAllah)
AshhaduAnnaMuhammadanRasululllah,AshhaduAnnaMuhammadanRasululllah(Ibearwitnessthat
MuhammadistheMessengerofAllah.IbearwitnessthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah)HayyÀla
asSalah,HayyÀlaasSalah(CometoPrayer.CometoPrayer)HayyÀlaalFalah,HayyÀlaalFalah
(Cometosuccess.Cometosuccess)AllahuAkbar,AllahuAkbar(AllahistheGreatest.Allahisthe
Greatest)LailahaillaAllah(ThereisnodeitybutAllah).
ThisistheAdhanthatBilalusedtoannounceinthepresenceoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)tillhedied.
ButinFajr(Dawn)Prayer,headded:AsSalatuKhayrunMinaanNawm(Salahisbetterthansleeping),
twiceafterhissaying:HayyÀlaalFalah(Cometosuccess),andbeforesaying:AllahuAkbar(Allahisthe
Greatest).
Asforwhatsomepeopleusedtoaddas:HayyÀlaKhayralÀmal(Cometobestofdeed),orAshhadu
AnnaÀlyanWaliyu lllah(IbearwitnessthatÀlyistheWaliyofAllah),isanevildeedandBidàh
(innovationinreligion)introducedbyShiàh(Shi'ites).Itisnotpermissible,neither,toofferpeaceand
blessingsupontheProphet(peacebeuponhim)audiblydirectlyaftertheAdhan.ThisisaBid'ah.
ItiscommendableforaMuslim,afterannouncingtheAdhan,toaskAllahtobestowpeaceandblessings
upontheProphet(peacebeuponhim).Thensay:"OAllah!Lordofthisperfectcall(perfectbynotascribing
partnerstoYou)andoftheprayerwhichisgoingtobeestablished,giveMuhammadtherightof
intercessionandillustriousness,andraisehimtothebestandthehighestplaceinParadisewhichYou
promised.Surely,YoudonotrenegeYourpromise."DoingsoiscommendableforeveryMuslimwhether
maleorfemaleaftertheAdhan.
ItiscommendablealsofortheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer),asanyotherperson,toofferpeaceandblessings
upontheProphet(peacebeuponhim)afterannouncingAdhan.Heshouldalsorecite:"OAllah!Lordofthis
perfectcallandoftheregularprayerwhichisgoingtobeestablished,giveMuhammadtherightof
intercessionandillustriousness,andraisehimtothebestandthehighestplaceinParadisethatYou
promised."ButheshouldnotsaythesewordsinaloudvoiceliketheAdhan.ThisisbecausetheAdhan
endswithsaying:LailahaillaAllah(ThereisnodeitybutAllah).
ItispermissiblefortheMu'adhintoraisehisvoiceinordertoletotherstohearandfollowhim.Itwas
authenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "WhenyouheartheMu'adhin,repeatwhathe
says,theninvokeblessingsonme,foreveryonewhoinvokesblessingsonmewillreceivethemtenfoldfromAllahthenbegfrom
AllahAlWasilahforme,whichisarankinParadisefittingforonlyoneofAllah'sservants,andIhopethatIwillbethatone.Ifanyone
whoasksthatIbegiven
theAlWasilah,hewillbeassuredofmyintercession." ThisiswasstatedbytheProphet(peacebeuponhim).(RelatedbyMuslimin
hisSahihbookofHadithontheauthorityofÀbdullahibnÀmribnAlÀs(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)).ThisisaSunnahforboth
Mu'adhinandlistener,whethermaleorfemale,everywhereafterannouncingtheAdhan.Allaretosay:"OAllah,bestowpeaceand
blessingsuponMuhammad!"or"OAllah,bestowpeaceandblessingsuponourProphetMuhammadanduponhisfamilyand
Companions!"inatonethatdiffersfromtheAdhan'sandinalowervoice.
Oneshouldsay:"OAllah!LordofthisperfectcallandofthePrayerwhichisgoingtobeestablished,grantMuhammadAlWasilahand
illustriousness,andraisehimtothebestandthehighestplace(inParadise)thatYoupromised."ItwasrecordedinAlBukhari'sSahih
bookofHadithontheauthorityofJabiribnAbdullahAlAnsarythattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "Whoeversaysupon
hearingtheAdhan:'OAllah,LordofthisperfectcallandoftheestablishedPrayer(Salah),grantMuhammadtheAlWasilahand
superiority,andraisehimuptothepraiseworthypositionwhichYouhavepromised',itbecomesincumbentuponmetointercedefor
himontheDayofResurrection.'' ThiswastheHadithreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim).AlBayhaqyreportedthis
addition: "YoudonotbreakYourpromise." withaHasanchainofnarrators.Thisiswhatislegallypermitted.
AsforincreasingtheAdhanbysaying:"Cometothebestdeed","IbearwitnessthatÀlyistheWaliyofAllah"oranyotherphrasesis
anevildeedandBidàh(innovationinIslam)thathasnobasisinIslamasmentionedearlier.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
stated: "Whoeverperformsanyactforwhichthereisnosanctionfromourbehalf,itistoberejected." (RelatedbyMusliminhis
SahihbookofHadithontheauthorityofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)).
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ItwasreportedalsobyMusliminhisSahihontheauthorityofJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeupon
him) usedtosayduringtheFridaysermon:"ThebestspeechisembodiedintheBookofAllah,andthebestofguidanceisthe
guidancegivenbyMuhammad.Andthemostevilaffairsaretheirinnovationsandeveryinnovationismisguidance." Therearemany
Hadithsinthisregard.AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess.
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ThelawfulformulaofAdhan(CalltoPrayer)andIqamah(CalltoofferPrayer)
FromÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahIbnBaztothehonorablebrotherM.A.M.À.
mayAllahkeephiminsafety.
MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponyou!WithreferencetoyourrequestforFatwa
registeredintheDepartmentofScholarlyResearchandIfta'withno.1765,dated25/4/1408
A.H.inwhichyouaskaboutanumberofissues.IinformyouthatthematterofAdhanand
IqamahisflexibleaccordingtowhatismentionedintheauthenticHadithsoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)butitispreferabletorepeatthewordsofTakbirtwice(saying:Allahu
Akbar,i.e.AllahistheGreatest)inthebeginningandendofIqamah.Similarly,thephrase:
QadQamatAlSalah(i.e.timeofSalahhascome)andsayingtheotherwordsofIqamahonce.
ThisisthewaywhichBilal(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)usedtodointhepresenceofthe
MessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)untilhe(peacebeuponhim)died.MayAllahguideus
towhatpleasesHim!MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!
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RulingonannouncingtheAdhanandIqamahwhilenotinastateofTaharah
From ÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahIbnBaztotherespectablebrotherKH.A.A.G.(mayAllahsafeguard
him),mayAllah'speace,mercyandblessingsbeuponyou!
ReferringtoyourfatwarequestsubmittedtotheSecretariatGeneraloftheCouncilofSenior
Scholars,No.5917,dated25/8/1409A.H.,inwhichyouaskedsomequestions.
Iwillgivethefollowinganswer:ItispermissibletoannounceAdhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamah(call
tostartthePrayer)withoutnecessarilybeinginastateofTaharah(ritualpurification).However,itis
preferablethatbothbeannouncedbyapersoninastateofTaharah.Likewise,Salah(Prayer),insucha
case,willbesoundeveniftheoneannouncingAdhanorIqamahisnotinstateofTaharah.However,ifthe
Mu'adhin(callertoPrayer)performsSalahwhilenotinstateofTaharah,hewillhavetoreperformSalahas
anyotherpersonwoulddo.MayAllahguideeveryonetothatwhichpleasesHim,forHeisindeedAll
Hearing,AllResponsive.Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,and
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AMu'adhin'sgoingoutoftheMasjidafterannouncingtheAdhan
Q:Questioner,A.M.J.,fromRiyadhask:"IsitpermissiblefortheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)to
gooutoftheMasjid(mosque)afterannouncingAdhan(calltoPrayer)forcertainneeds,
suchasseeingoffguestsandthenreturntoannounceIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)?Isit
permissibleforhimtoannouncetheAdhanwhilebeingrituallyimpureandthenperform
Wudu'(ablution)?Appreciateyourguidance,mayAllahrewardyouwell!
A : ItispermissiblefortheMu'adhintoleavetheMasjidafterannouncingtheAdhanforan
essentialneed,suchasperformingWudu'orthecasementionedbythequestioner,provided
thathecanreturntoannouncetheIqamah.ItisnotpermissibleforhimtoleavetheMasjid
afterannouncingAdhanifheintendsnottoreturntotheMasjidbeforetheIqamahexcept
withalegalexcuse.ItwasauthenticallyreportedontheauthorityofAbuHurayrah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)thathesaid: "HesawapersongoingoutofthemosqueaftertheAdhan(calltoPrayer)hadbeen
announced.Uponthisheremarked:This(man)hasdisobeyedAbulQasim(peacebeuponhim)." (RelatedMusliminhis
Sahih).
ThisHadithis,asaffirmedbyscholars,forthepersonwhohasnolegalexcuse(toleavethe
Masjid)accordingtootherproofs.ItispermissiblefortheMuslimtoannounceAdhanwhile
notbeingrituallypureandthenperformWudu'.However,announcingAdhanwhilethe
Mu'adhinisrituallypureisbetter.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)stated: NoneshouldpronouncetheAdhan(calltoSalah)exceptsomeonewhohasperformedablution. But
thisHadithisreportedthroughaweakchainofnarrators.Itmeansthatitisbestforthe
Mu'adhintoperformWudu'beforeannouncingAdhanifitispossibletodothat.Thisalso
includesTayammum(dryablution)forwhoevercannotperformWudu'duetoillnessor
becausehecouldnotfindwater.AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess.
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IsitpermissibleforsomeonetoannouncetheAdhanandanothertoannouncetheIqamah?
Q:S.A.MfromNajransays:"TheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)wasabitlatetoannouncethe
Adhan(calltoPrayer)therefore,someonewhowasintheMasjid(mosque)announced
theAdhan.AtthetimeforannouncingtheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer),theofficial
Mu'adhincameandannouncedit.Isitpermissibletodoso?Isitpermissibleforoneto
announcetheAdhanandanothertoannouncetheIqamah?Please,advise.MayAllahreward
youthebest!
A : ThereisnoharmindoingsobutitispreferablefortheonewhoannouncestheAdhanto
announcetheIqamahasitwasthecaseduringthetimeoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
ItisreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "HewhocallstheAdhanpronouncesthe
Iqamah." However,thisHadithwasreportedwithaweakchainoftransmitters.AllahistheOne
whograntssuccess.
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RulingonintoningandchantingduringtheutteranceoftheAdhan
Q:WenoticethatmanyMu'adhins(callerstoPrayer)sayAdhan(calltoPrayer)inastretched
melodioustone.Whatistherulingonthis?
A : AMu'adhinshouldkeepawayfromsolecismandintonationduringAdhan.Solecismmeansgrammatical
mistakes.Forexample,hemightsayAshhaduannaMuhammadanrasulaLlah(Ibearwitnessthat
MuhammadistheMessengerofAllah),whichhastoberasulullahbecauseitisapredicatenominative.
Althoughitdoesnotdisturbthemeaninginreality,itfallsunderprohibitedsolecism.However,itdoesnot
renderAdhaninvalidastheMu'adhininallcasesmeansthatMuhammadistheMessengerofAllah(peacebe
uponhim).Moreover,itispermissible,accordingtosomeArabdialects,thatbothsubjectandobjectbeput
intheaccusative,yetitisamistakeaccordingtomostArabdialects.
Furthermore,intoningtheAdhanandIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)inastretchedmelodioustoneis
Makruh(reprehensible).
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ThefirstAdhanforFajr(Dawn)Prayeriscommendable
Q:S.MfromRiyadhsays:"DidtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderustodeclarethefirst
AdhanforFajr(calltoPrayer)?HowmuchtimeistherebetweenthetwoAdhans?"
A : ThefirstAdhaniscommendable.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: "BilalpronouncestheAdhanbefore
dawn,soeatanddrink(Suhur)tillIbnUmMaktumpronouncestheAdhan." ThenarratorofthisHadithsaid:"He(IbnUm
Maktum)wasablindman.HedidnotcalltheAdhanuntilhewastoldtwicethatthedawnwasaboutto
break."ThismeansthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)approvedofwhatBilaldid.Moreover,he(peace
beuponhim)pointedoutthewisdombehinddoingsoinanotherHadith: BilalpronouncesAdhanatnightto
awakenthosewhoareasleepandthosewhoareperformingsupererogatorynightSalahmayconclude..." Thereisno
prescribedtimefordoingso.
ItispreferabletomakejustashortintervalbetweenthefirstandthesecondAdhan.Itwasmentionedin
othernarration:"ThetimebetweenthefirstandthesecondAdhanwasonlythedescentofthefirstperson
andascensionofthesecondone."ThismeansthatthetimebetweenthetwoAdhansisnotlong.
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CallingtheAdhanforFajrPrayerbeforeitsduetime.
Q:WhatistherulingonpronouncingtheAdhan(calltoPrayer)forFajr(Dawn)Prayerbefore
itsduetime?
A : ThereisnoproblemindoingsoaslongasthereisanotherMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)whopronounces
theAdhanwhenthetimeofFajrPrayerisdueoriftheMu'adhinwhopronouncesthefirstAdhanrepeatsit
againattheactualtimeofFajrPrayer
inordernottoconfusepeople.
IftwoAdhansarecalledforFajrPrayer,youmustsayinthesecondAdhan:"Salahisbetterthansleep"after
saying:"Cometosuccess",sotheonehearingthesecondAdhanrealizesthatthisistheactualtimeof
performingSalahandonewhointendstoobserveSawm(Fast)shouldabstainfromeatinganddrinking.The
evidenceforthisisthestatementoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)intheHadithreportedbyIbnÙmar
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim): Bilalpronounces'Adhanatnight,sokeeponeatinganddrinking(Suhur)tillIbnUmMaktum
pronouncesAdhan." ThisHadithisreportedbyAlBukhariandMuslim.Anas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
said: "ItisaSunnahthatwhentheMu'dhinsays'CometoSuccess'inthecalltoFajrPrayer,aMuslimshouldsay:'Salahisbetter
thansleep.'" ThisHadithisreportedbyIbnKhuzaymahinhisSahihandAlDaraqutnywithagoodchainof
transmitters. He(peacebeuponhim)orderedAbuMahzurahtosayinpronouncingtheAdhanforFajrPrayer:"Salahisbetter
thansleep". ItismentionedinsomeothernarrationsontheauthorityofAbuMahzurahconcerningthefirst
AdhanofFajrPrayerthatthefirstAdhanistheonethatispronouncedwhenthetimeofSalahisdue.Itis
calledthefirstAdhanbecausetheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)iscalledthesecondAdhan.
ThismeaningisconfirmedbytheHadiththatwasnarratedbyÀishahandreportedbyAlBukhari(mayAllah
beMercifulwithhim)inhisSahih.ThismeaningisconfirmedalsobythestatementoftheProphet(peacebe
uponhim): "Thereisbetweenthetwocalls(AdhanandIqama)aSalah.Herepeatedittwiceandinthethirdtimehesaid:'forhe
whowishes.'"
AsforthefirstAdhanthatwasmentionedintheHadithreportedbyIbnÙmar: "BilalpronouncesAdhanatnight..."
,itmeanstoannouncethatthetimeofSalahisimminent.Therefore,itisnotprescribedtosayinthis
Adhan:"Salahisbetterthansleeping",becausethetimeofperformingSalahisnotyetdue.Moreover,this
phraseissaidinbothAdhans,itmaycauseconfusionforsomepeople.
Therefore,thisphraseissaidintheAdhanthatispronouncedwhentheactualtimeofperformingSalahis
due.
AllahistheOnewhograntssuccessandguidestothetruepath.
MayAllah'sPeaceandBlessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammadanduponhisfamilyandCompanions!
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Shouldthestatement:"Assalatukhairunminalnawm"besaidinthefirstorsecondAdhan
forFajrPrayer?
Q:Shouldthestatement:"Assalatukhairunminalnawm"besaidinthefirstorsecondAdhan
(calltoPrayer)ofFajr(dawn)?Whatistheevidenceinsupportofsayingit?Ifapersonhears
theMu'adhinsayingthis,whatshouldhesay?
A : ItisanactofSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)tosaythisstatementinthe
secondAdhanwhenthetimeofFajrisdue.ThisisstatedintheHadithofAbuMahdhurah.
Moreover,theHadithofÀ'ishahindicatesthattheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)usedtoannounce
itinthesecondAdhan.Shesaid: TheProphet(peacebeuponthem)wouldthengetupandoffertwoRakàhs(unitsof
Salah).ThenhewouldgooutforSalah(prayer)after(hearing)theAdhan(calltoSalah). TheAdhanherereferstothe
secondAdhancomparedtothefirstAdhan.However,thisAdhanisalsocalledthefirstAdhan
comparedtotheIqamah,whichisalsocalledthesecondAdhan.
Thus,itisanactofSunnahtosaysuchastatementinthesecondAdhanannouncedwhenFajr
Salahisdue,whichisalsocalledsecondcomparedtothefirstAdhanannouncedatthelast
portionofnightannouncedtoawakethosesleepingandtostopthoseofferingnightSalah.
However,itisalsocalledthefirstAdhancomparedtotheIqamah,whichisasecondAdhan.
TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thereisa(supererogatory)SalahbetweeneverytwoAdhans.Herepeatedit
twice. ThetwoAdhanshererefertoAdhanandIqamah.
Thus,whenaMu'adhinsays"AlSalatukhairunminalnawm,"listenersshouldrepeatthe
samestatement.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhenyouheartheMu'adhdhin(callertoprayer),
repeatwhathesays. (RelatedbybothAlBukhariandMuslim.)
However,theHadithisapplicabletoallAdhanstatementsexcept"HayÀlaalSalahi.e.Come
toPrayerandHayÀlaAlFalahi.e.CometoSuccess.Onhearingthem,alistenershouldsay,
"LahawlawalaquwwataillabilLah"(ThereisneithermightnorpowerexceptwithAllah!).
ThisisauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)intheHadithreportedby
ÙmarIbnAlKhattab(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatisrelatedbyMusliminhisSahih.
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Itisbettertosay"AlSalatuKhairunMinaAlNawm"(Salahisbetterthansleeping)inthe
secondAdhanofAlFajr(Dawn)Prayer
Q :Shouldthephrase"AlSalatuKhairunMinaAlNawm"besaidinthefirstorthesecond
Adhan?
A : ItisbettertosayitinthesecondAdhandeclaredatthetimeofDawnasmentionedinthe
HadithnarratedontheauthorityofÀishahthattheProphetusedtostandupwhenthe
Mu'adhdhin(callertoSalah)finishedthesecondAdhantoofferthesupererogatorySalahof
Fajr(DawnPrayer)andgoouttopeople.Accordingly,itistobesaidinthesecondAdhan
whenitisobligatorytowakeup.ThefirstAdhanisintendedtonotifypeopletoendTahajjud
(optionalnightPrayer),wakeupfromsleep,andperformWitrSalah(Prayerwithanodd
numberofunitsinthenight)andthelike.
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Thewisdombehindsaying,"LaHawlaWaLaQuwwataIllaBillah"whentheMuàdhinsays,
"HayyiÀlaAlSalah"and"HayyiÀlaAlFalah"
F r o mÀbdulÀzizibnÀbdullahibnBaztothehonorablebrotherH.M.Th.,mayAllahgranthimsafety!May
Allah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou.InrespectofyourrequestforFatwaregisteredinthe
DepartmentoftheScholarlyResearchandIftaa'(no.1513),dated(21/4/1407A.H.),itcontainsthree
questions.Herearetheanswers:Q3:Whatisthewisdombehindsaying,"LaHawlaWalaQuwwata
IlllaBillah"(ThereisnomightnorpowerexceptwithAllah)whentheMuàdhdhinsays,
"HayyiÀlaAlSalah(CometoSalah)"and"HayyiÀlaAlFalah(CometoSuccess)"takinginto
considerationthattheyimplyacalltoSalah?IsthereaHadiththatreferstothat?
A:Thewisdombehindthatsayingisthatmanisweakbynature.Hehasnoabilitytomovefromacondition
toanotherexceptwiththehelpofAllah.EvenhisgoingtoSalahincongregationneedsthehelpandpower
ofAllah.AservantofAllahhasnomightorpowerexceptwithAllah.Herealizesthatheisweak,powerless,
andunabletoanswerthiscallunlessAllahhelpshimAlone.Therefore,uponhearingthatcall,hesays:"La
HawlaWalaQuwwataIllaBillah".ThisisauthenticallyreportedfromÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
asrelatedbyMusliminhisSahih.MayAllahgrantusallsuccess!MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbe
uponyou!
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Somepeopleraisetheirhandsandsupplicate
whenMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)finishestheIqamah
Q:InoticedsomepeopleraisetheirhandsandsupplicatetoAllahoncetheMu'adhin(callerto
Salah)finishesIqamah(calltoofferSalah).TheydosobeforeTakbiratulIhram(saying:
''AllahuAkbar[AllahistheGreatest]''uponstartingPrayer).Doesthisacthaveanytextual
evidencetosupportit?
A : Thisactisgroundless.ItisnotreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtodo
sobetweenIqamahandSalah.Itisnotrelatedthathe(peacebeuponhim)raisedhishands
atthistime.Accordingly,nooneshoulddosoasthisopposestheSunnah.
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Somepeopleconstrictthefingersoftheirrighthandsexcepttheindexfingerwhichtheyraise
aftertheMu'adhinfinishesIqamah
Q:Inoticedsomepeoplewhobendthefingersoftheirrighthandscloselytoeachother
excepttheindexfingerwhichtheyraisewhentheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)uttersthe
phrase"LailahaillaAllah(thereisnodeitybutAllah)"inIqamah(calltostartthePrayer).
Thesamehappensuponhearingthephrase"LailahaillaAllah"duringtheFridaysermonor
theHalaqah(learningcircle).Isthereanyreportthatmentionsthisact?
A : Iknownothingaboutthisact.NothingisreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)inthisregard.
Rather,raisingtheindexfingerduringTashahudisawellestablishedmatter.ItisreportedthattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)usedtoraise
hisindexfingerduringTashahudasasignofTawhid.
IknownothingreportedfromtheProphetconcerningdoingthisactafterfinishingAdhanandIqamah.
However,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)permittedpeopletorepeataftertheMu'adhinandrecitethe
followingDuà'afterconferringpeaceandblessingsupontheProphet: OAllah!Lordofthisperfectcall(ofnot
ascribingpartnerstoYou)andoftheregularprayerwhichisgoingtobeestablished,kindlygiveMuhammadtheintercessionand
superiorityandascendhim(ontheDayofJudgement)tothebestandthehighestplaceinParadisewhichYoupromisedhim.
(RelatedbyAlBukharyinhisSahih).ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said,
IfanyoneamongstyouperformsWudu'wellandthensays:'ItestifythatthereisnoneworthyofworshipbutAllahandthat
MuhammadistheservantofAllahandHisMessenger,'theeightgatesofParadisewouldbeopenedforhimandhemayenterthrough
anyofthemthathewishes. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih).AlTirmidhyrelatedthesamewordingthroughan
authenticIsnadandadded, OAllah,makemeamongthosewhorepentandpurifythemselves. Consequently,itis
permissibleforaMuslim,maleorfemale,torecitethisDuà'duetotheHadithmentionedabove.
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DeclaringAdhanattheendoftheduetimeforprayer
Q:A.S.H.says,'IfweareagroupandintendtoperformDhuhr(Noon)prayerattheendofits
duetime,shouldwedeclareAdhan(calltoPrayer)atthebeginningandattheendofthedue
time?WillourprayerbevalidwithoutAdhan(thecallforprayers)?
Answer:Ifyouareresident,itisobligatoryuponyoutoperformprayerswithMuslimsinMasjids
(mosques)exceptforalegalexcusesuchasdisease.Whoeverpraysathomeforalegalacceptableexcuse,
thepublicAdhanisenoughandheshouldonlyperformIqamah(calltostartthePrayer).
Ifyouareinthedesert,itwillbeobligatorytomakeAdhanandIqamahasbothofthemarecollective
obligationsasperthemostcorrectopinionofscholars.TheProphet(peaceandblessingsuponhim)saidto
MalikIbnAlHuwayrithandhiscompanions: Whenthetimeforprayerisdue,oneofyoushouldannounceAdhan(callfor
prayer)andtheoldestamongyoushouldleadprayers. Accordingtoananothernarration,hesaidtohimandhis
friend: Wheneverthetimeofprayerisdue,youshouldpronounceAdhanandthenIqama. TheProphet(mayAllah'sPeace
andBlessingsbeuponhim)commandedBilaltopronounceAdhaninMadinahandaskedAbuMahdhourato
pronounceAdhaninMakkah.HeaskedthemalsotopronounceIqamah.TheProphetcontinuedtoperform
thefiveprayersinMadinahwithAdhanandIqamah.Thisclearlyprovesthatbothareobligatory.Asthe
Prophet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)said, Prayasyouhaveseenmepraying. AsforpronouncingAdhan
atthebeginningorattheendoftheduetimeifyouareinthedesert,thematterisveryflexible.Itisbetter
tomaketheAdhanandprayersasearlyaspossible.IfyoudelayAdhanandprayersandcombineboth
DhuhrwithÀsr(Afternoon)PrayersandMughrib(Sunset)PrayerwithIsha'(Evening)prayers,therewillbe
noblameduringtravelasatravelerispermittedtocombinetwoSalahs(Prayers)atthetimeoftheearlieror
thelaterofthetwoaccordingtohisstatus.Ifthetravelerisridingameansoftransport,itisbettertodelay
theDhuhruntilÀsrtimeifs/hesetsonajourneybeforetheduetimeofDhuhrandtodelayMaghribuntil
theIsha'duetimeifs/hestartsthejourneybeforesunset.
Butifs/hesetsoutafterDhuhrduetime,thenitwouldbebettertoprayDhuhrandÀsrattheduetimeof
Dhuhrprayer.
Ifhesetsoutonthejourneyaftersunset,itwillbebettertocombineMaghribandIshaattheduetimeof
MaghribPrayerasitwasreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didthat.Allah(GlorifiedandExalted
beHe)says, IndeedintheMessengerofAllh(Muhammad)youhaveagoodexampletofollow The
Prophet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)says, Prayasyouhaveseenmepraying. ReportedbyAlBukhariand
Muslim.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DeclaringAdhanatthebeginningoftheduetimeofSalahforanindividualinthedesert
Q:SomepeoplesaythatifapersonisnotabletosayAdhan(calltoSalah)atthebeginningof
thetimeofSalah,itisnotnecessarytosayitafterthat,forAdhanistobeannouncedupon
theoutsetoftheduetimeofSalah.WhatistheopinionofYourEminenceaboutthis?Isit
permissibleforanindividualinthedeserttosayAdhan?
A : IftheMu'adhin(callertoSalah)doesnotdeclareAdhanatthebeginningoftheduetimeofSalah,itis
notpermissibleforhimtoannounceitafterthatifthereareotherpeoplearoundhimwhoannounceAdhan
andfulfilltherequiredannouncement.If,however,ashortperiodpasses,thenthereisnoharminsaying
Adhan.If,however,thereisnootherMu'adhinintheplace,heshouldsayAdhanevenifaperiodoftime
haspassed.ThisisbecauseAdhaninthiscaseisFardKifayah(acollectiveobligation)asnooneelsedidit,
itbecomesobligatoryonthisMu'adhintoperformithimselfasheisresponsibleforthatandpeople,inmost
cases,waitforhim.
Asforatraveler,heshouldsayAdhanevenifheisaloneaccordingtowhatisauthenticallyreportedonthe
authorityofAbuSaìd(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thathesaidtoaman,"Ifyouarebesideyoursheep
inthedesert,raiseyourvoicewiththecalltoSalahfornoajinni,ahumanbeing,oranythinghearsthe
voiceoftheMu'adhdhinbutwitnessesforhimontheDayofJudgment."He(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
attributedthatsayingtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim).ThereareotherHadithsthatwererelated
concerningthelegalityofAdhananditsvirtue.
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IsitobligatoryupononewhoperformsSalahaloneinthedeserttopronouncetheAdhanand
theIqamah?
YourHonor,thegeneralMuftioftheKingdomofSaudiArabiaSheikhÀbdulÀzizBinÀbdullahIbnBaz,
mayAllahprotectyou!Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,
Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
SomeIslamicadvisorswhovisitusinthedesertsaythatperformingSalah(Prayer)without
Iqamah(calltostartthePrayer)isanauthenticSunnah(whateverisreportedfromthe
Prophet).TheyalsosaythatitisnotnecessarytodeclareAdhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamah
whenoneisinthedesertorperformsSalahalone.Wewouldliketoknowtheguidanceofthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)inthisregard.MayAllahprotectyou!M.M.D.J.
TheAdhan(calltoPrayer)andtheIqamaharecollectivedutiesuponMuslimsinvillagesanddeserts.The
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)saidtoMalikibnAlHuwayrithandhiscompanion: "Whenevertheprayertimebecomes
due,youshouldpronounceAdhanandthenIqama." He(peacebeuponhim)statedinanothernarrationofthis
Hadith: "WhenthetimeofSalahisdue,letsomeoneamongyoupronounceAdhan
andtheoldestpersonamongyoushouldleadyouinSalah." TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtoaskBilalwhiletheywerein
MadinahtopronouncetheAdhanandIqamah.Likewise,IbnUmMaktumusedtotakeBilal'splacewithregardtoAdhanandIqamah.It
wasauthenticallyreportedthatAbuSaìdAlKhudri(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)saidtosomeofthosewhoaskedhimaboutthe
Adhan: "SowheneveryouareguardingyoursheeporinthewildernessandyouwanttopronounceAdhanfortheprayer,raiseyour
voiceindoingso,fornoahumanbeing,ajinnoranyothercreaturethathearstheAdhanbutwillbeawitnessforyouontheDayof
Resurrection." MayAllahgrantusallsuccess!
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TherulingonannouncingAdhanandIqamahforapersonprayingbyhimself
Q:Sometimes,IperformthefiveobligatorySalah(prayers)alone,becausethereisnoMasjid
(mosque)nearby.IsitobligatorytoannounceAdhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamah(calltostart
thePrayer)foreverySalahorisitpermissibletoperformSalahwithoutAdhanandIqamah?
A : ItisanactofSunnahtodeclareAdhanandIqamah.However,thereisdisagreementamongthescholars
concerningitsobligationbutitissafertoannounceAdhanandIqamah,becauseofthegeneralproofs.You
havetoperformSalahincongregationwheneverpossible.Ifyoufindacongregationorhearthecallfroma
nearbyMasjid,youmustanswertheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)andattendthecongregation.Ifyoudonot
hearthecallandthereisnonearMasjid,theSunnahistoannounceAdhanandIqamah.
ItisauthenticallyreportedfromAbuSaìd(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thathesaidtoaman: Whenyouare
lookingafteryoursheeporwhenyouareinthedesertandwanttopronouncetheAdhan,raiseyourvoice,fornoJinn,humanbeing,
oranyotherthingthathearstheMuadhinsvoicebutwillbeawitnessforhimontheDayofResurrection.
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Therulingonsaying,"ItestifythatÀlyisAllah'sWaliy"and"Cometothebestofdeeds"in
Adhan
Q:WhatistherulingonthepeoplewhosaythefollowinginAdhan(calltoPrayer),"Itestify
t h a tÀlyisAllah'sWaliy(piousperson)","Cometothebestofdeeds"and"Thekinof
MuhammadandÀlyarethebestofkin".Whenanyofthemdies,theirfamilywouldslaughter
asheepwhichtheycall"Àqiqah"withoutbreakinganyofitsbones.Theyburyitsbonesand
fecesclaimingthatthisisagooddeedthatshouldbedone.HowshouldaSunniMuslimwho
hasakinrelationwiththemacttowardsthis?Isitlegallypermissibleforthemtobekindto
thosepeople,haveagoodrelationshipwiththem,andberelatedbymarriagetothem?It
shouldbementionedthattheyopenlydeclaretheirÀqidah(creed)andclaimthattheyare
A lFirqahAlNajiyah(theSavedSect),theonesadheringtoAlHaqq(theTruth),andthatwe
arefollowingfalsehood.
A : Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)hasclarifiedthewordsoftheAdhanandIqamah(Calltostartthe
Prayer)throughHisProphetMuhammad(peacebeuponhim). ItisreportedthatÀbdullahibnZaydibnÀbdrabbuh
A lAnsaryheardthewordsoftheAdhaninadream,sohetoldittotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whotoldhimthatitisaRu'ya
(truedream)andorderedhimtodictateittoBilal,sincehehadamorebeautifulvoicethanhistopronounceit.Bilalusedto
pronouncetheAdhaninthepresenceoftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)untildeathoftheProphet(mayAllah'sPeace
andBlessingsbeuponhim). HisAdhandidnotincludeanyofthewordsmentionedinthequestion.
SomepeopleattributetoÀly(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatheusedtosayduringtheAdhan"Come
tothebestofdeeds".However,itisabaselessreport.Withregardtowhatwasreportedontheauthorityof
IbnÙmar(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)andÀlyibnAlHusaynZaynAlÀbidin(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim
andhisfather)thattheyusedtosayduringtheAdhan"Cometothebestofdeeds",theauthenticityofthis
reportisdisputable.DespitethatitwasrankedasSahih(authentic)bysomescholars,whatisknownoftheir
knowledgeandcomprehensionofreligionmakesusquestionthesoundnessofattributingthisreportto
them.PeoplelikethemweresurelyawareoftheAdhanofBilalandAbuMahdhurah.IbnÙmar(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithhim)hadattendedandheardit.ÀlyibnAlHusayn(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)wasoneof
themostknowledgeablepeopleofreligion.Therefore,itshouldnotbethoughtthattheyopposedtheknown
SunnahoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)regardingtheAdhan.
Ifweassumetheauthenticityofthis,itwouldbeconfinedtothem.Itisimpermissiblefortheirsayingsor
anyothersayingtocontradicttheauthenticSunnah,forpeopleshouldseekjudgmentfromtheSunnahand
theQur'an,accordingtoAllah'ssaying,
Oyouwhobelieve!ObeyAllhandobeytheMessenger(Muhammad),andthoseofyou(Muslims)whoarein
authority.(And)ifyoudifferinanythingamongstyourselves,referittoAllhandHisMessenger(),ifyoubelievein
AllhandintheLastDay. ConsultingtheSunnahregardingthesaying:"Cometothebestofdeeds",itwasnot
foundtobeauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)inthewordsofthe
Adhan.AsforthesayingreportedfromÀlyibnAlHusayn(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thatitwasinthe
firstAdhan,itcouldprobablyrefertotheAdhanthatusedtobepronouncedinthepresenceofthe
MessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)atthebeginningofitsprescription.Ifthisiswhatwasmeant,itwas
abrogatedbythelaterestablishedformuladeclaredduringandafterthelifetimeoftheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)byBilal, IbnUmMaktumandAbuMahdhurahwithoutincludingthisphraseoranyofthewords
mentionedinthequestion.
WealsoarguethattheclaimthatthisphraseexistedinthefirstAdhanandwaspronouncedinthepresence
oftheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)cannotbetakenforgranted,forthewordsoftheAdhan
havebeenkeptintheSahihHadithswithnomentionofthesewords.Accordingly,itisknowntobeafalse
Bidàh(innovationinreligion).ItcanalsobesaidthatÀlyibnAlHusayn(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)is
oneoftheTabiùn(Followers,thegenerationaftertheCompanionsoftheProphet).Therefore,hisnarration
istobeconsideredasMursal(areportwithnoCompanionoftheProphetinthechainofnarration),ifitis
declaredtobeMarfu`(aHadithnarratedfromtheProphetwithaconnectedordisconnectedchainof
narration).Inthiscase,theMursalcannotbetakenasproofaccordingtotheJumhur(dominantmajorityof
scholars)asmentionedbyImamAbuÙmaribnÀbdulBarrinhisbookentitled"AlTamhid".Thiswouldhave
happenedifnothinghadbeennarratedcontrarytotheSahihSunnah.However,manyHadithsinthisregard
werenarratedindicatingthefalsityofthisMursalnarrationanddeemingitunreliable.AllahistheOneWho
grantssuccess.
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Saying,"Salahisbetterthansleep"
and"Cometothebestofdeeds"intheFajrAdhan
Q :WhatistheevidenceonthesayingofMu'adhin(callertoPrayer):"Salah(Prayer)isbetter
thansleep"intheAdhan(calltoPrayer)fortheFajr(Dawn)?WhatistheopinionofYour
Eminenceonsaying:"Cometothebestofdeeds"?Isthereanyevidencesupportingit?
A : ItisauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim) thatheaskedBilalandAbuMah
dhurahtosaythisintheFajrAdhan. ItisalsoauthenticallyreportedfromAnas(mayAllahbepleased
withhim)thathesaid, ItisaSunnahforaMu'adhintosayintheFajrAdhan,"Salahisbetterthansleep". Relatedby
IbnKhuzaymahinhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith.
ThisphraseissaidinthefirstFajrAdhanaccordingtothemostauthenticopinionofscholars
whiletheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)isthesecondAdhan,accordingtothesayingofthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim), ApersoncanofferSalahbetweeneverytwoAdhans. Thisisauthentically
reportedintheSahih(authentic)BookofAlBukhariontheauthorityofÀishah(mayAllahbe
pleasedwithher).AsforthesayingofsomeShiàh(Shi'ites)intheAdhan,"Cometothebestof
deeds",itisagroundlessBidàh(innovationinreligion)thatwasnotmentionedinSahih
Hadiths.
MayAllahguidethemandallMuslimstofollowtheSunnahdiligently,asitistheonlywayto
salvationandhappinessfortheUmmah(nation).
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IsitpermissibleforwomentopronouncetheAdhanandtheIqamah?
Q:IsitlawfulforwomentopronouncetheAdhan(calltoPrayer)andtheIqamah(calltostart
thePrayer)whethertheyarehomeoroutsideinthewildernessaloneorincongregation?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforwomentodeclaretheAdhanortheIqamahwhethertheyarehomeortraveling.
TheAdhanandtheIqamahareonlyformen.ThisiswhatisindicatedinauthenticHadithsoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim).
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RulingontheAdhanandtheIqamahforwomen?
Q:IsitpermissibleforwomentoannounceAdhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamah(calltostart
thePrayer)?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforwomentocalltheAdhanortheIqamah,becauseithasonlybeenprescribedfor
men.WomenarenotpermittedtopronouncetheAdhanorIqamahhowever,theymustpayattentionto
thetimesofSalahandperformitwithutmostdevotion.They,likemen,shouldnotbedistractedwhile
performingSalah.Awomanmustbehumbleandfocushergazeonthespotwheresheprostrateswhile
beingtranquil.ThisistheSunnahthathastobeobservedduringSalah(Prayer).AllahistheOnewho
grantssuccess.
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DoestheSalahofwomendifferfromthatofmeninloudrecitationandIqamah?
Q:IsthereadifferencebetweenmenandwomenconcerningloudrecitationoftheQur'anand
theobligationofIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)inSalah(Prayer)?
A:Adhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamahareformenonlyaccordingtoNas(IslamictextfromtheQuranorthe
Sunnah).WomendonothavetopronounceAdhanorIqamahbutitisprescribedforthemtorecitethe
Qur'analoudinthefirsttwoRakàhs(unitsofPrayer)oftheMahgrib(Sunset),Ìsha'(Night)andFajr
(Dawn)Prayersjustlikemen.
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IftheAdhanispronouncedwhileapersonisrecitingtheQur'an
shouldherepeattheAdhanorcontinuerecitingtheQur'an?
Q:IsitbetterforamanwhohearstheAdhandeclaredwhileheisrecitingtheQur'anto
repeattheAdhanandpronounceitortocontinuehisrecitationforthesuperiorityofthe
Qur'anoverotherformsofremembrances?
Answer:ItisanactofSunnahtostoprecitationuponhearingtheAdhanandrepeatitasthe
Prophet(peaceandblessingsbeuponhim)said, WheneveryouheartheAdhan,saywhattheMu'adhinsaysand
theninvokeablessingonme,foreveryonewhoinvokesablessingonmewillreceivetenblessingsfromAllah.
Then,askAlWasilah(themostsuperiordegreeinParadise)forme.ItisarankinParadisefittingforonlyoneofAllah'sservantsand
IhopeIwillbethatservant.WhoeverpraystoAllahtograntmeAlWasilahwillbeassuredofmyintercession. ReportedbyMuslim
inhisSahihfrom'AbdullahibnÀmribnAlÀssMayAllahbepleasedwiththem.
ItisreportedinAlBukhariandMuslimfromAbuSaìdAlKhudry(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)thattheProphet(Peaceand
Blessingsbeuponhim)said, WhenyouheartheMu'adhin(callertoprayer),repeatwhathesays. ItisalsorecordedbyAlBukhari
fromJabirbinÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Hewhosaysuponhearingthe
Adhan(calltoprayer)'OAllah,Lordofthisperfectcall(Da`wah)andoftheestablishedprayer(AsSalat),grantMuhammadthe
Wasilahandsuperiority,andraisehimuptoapraiseworthypositionwhichYouhavepromisedhim',itbecomesincumbentuponmeto
intercedeforhimontheDayofResurrection.'' ThenarrationofAlBayhaqi,throughagoodchainofnarration,adds: forYoudonot
breakYourpromise. Furthermore,ifonecontinuestherecitation,s/hewillmisstheSunnahofrepeatingtheAdhanwiththeMu'adhin
andtherecitationmaybeatanytime.MayAllahguideusall.
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TherulingontalkingafterIqamah
Q:À.À.fromRiyadhsays,"WhatistherulingontalkingafterIqamah(calltostartthe
Prayer)andbeforeTakbiratu lIhram(saying:''AllahuAkbar[AllahistheGreatest]''upon
startingPrayer)aboutirrelevantmatters,suchasstraighteningtherowsorworldlyissues?"
A : ItispermissibletotalkafterIqamahandbeforeTakbiratulIhramaboutissuesrelatedtoSalah,suchas
straighteningtherowsandthelike.However,itisbettertorefrainfromtalkinginissuesthatareirrelevant
toSalahinordertoprepareforSalahandoutofrespectforit.
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OfferingSalahwithoutIqamahduetoforgetfulness
Q:IfapersonforgetstopronouncetheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)andofferedSalah
(Prayer),doesthisaffectitsvalidity,whetherthepersonisofferingitaloneorin
congregation?
A : IfapersonoracongregationoffersSalahwithoutpronouncingIqamah,theirSalahisvalid.However,a
personwhodoessoshouldperformTawbah(repentancetoAllah).Likewise,iftheydonotpronounce
Adhan(calltoPrayer),theirSalahisvalid,becauseAdhanandIqamaharecollectiveobligations,notan
integralpartofSalah.
ApersonwhoneitherpronouncesAdhannorIqamahshouldperformTawbah,becauseifnobodyperforms
collectiveobligations,theyareconsideredsinfulandifsomeofthemdoit,therestareexemptedfromit.
ThisappliestoAdhanandIqamahifanybodypronouncesthem,therestareexemptedfromobligationand
arefreefromsin,whethertheyareresidentsortravelers,andwhethertheyareinavillage,atownorinthe
desert.MayAllahguideallMuslimtowhatpleasesHim!
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RulingontheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)whodeclaresTahlil(i.e.thereisnogodbutAllah)or
speaksbeforeAdhan(calltoPrayer)
Q:BrotherÀ.M.M.fromHuraymila',theKingdomofSaudiArabiasays,'SomecallerstoSalah
sayTahlilorspeakshortlybeforetheAdhan.Whatistherulingonthat?Please,advise.May
Allahrewardyou!A:ItisnotpermissiblefortheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)tomakeanyadditiontothe
Adhaneitherbeforeorafterit,becausetheAdhanisÌbadah(worship)thatisTawqifiy(boundbya
religioustextandnotamenabletopersonalopinion).ThesameappliestotheIqamah(calltostartthe
Prayer).ItisobligatoryupontheMu'adhintoabidebywhatisprescribedbythepurifiedShariàhandto
bewareofmakinganyadditionthatisnotprescribedbyeitherAllah(mayHebePraisedandGlorified)or
HisMessenger(peacebeuponhim).
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PronouncingAdhanandIqamahwhenburyingadeceased
Q:WhatistherulingonpronouncingAdhan(calltoPrayer)andIqamah(calltostartthe
Prayer)whenplacingadeceasedinthegrave?
A : Undoubtedly,thisactisBidàh(innovationinreligion)forwhichAllahhasnotsentdownanyauthority.
ItwasnotreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)oranyoftheSahabah(Companionsof
theProphet,mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)whomallgoodisattainedbyemulatingtheirpracticesand
followingtheirpath.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: AndtheforemosttoembraceIslmoftheMuhjirn(thosewho
migratedfromMakkahtoAlMadinah)andtheAnsr(thecitizensofAlMadinahwhohelpedandgaveaidtotheMuhjirn)andalso
thosewhofollowedthemexactly(inFaith).AllhiswellpleasedwiththemastheyarewellpleasedwithHim. TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: Anyonewhodoessomethinginthismatterofours(thereligion)thatisnotfromit,itwillbe
rejected. Accordingtoanothernarration: Whoeverdoesanactionwhichisnotinaccordancewiththismatterofours
(Islam),willhaveitrejected. Also: Themostevilaffairsaretheirnoveltiesandeveryinnovationiserror. (RelatedbyMuslim
inhisSahihfromtheHadithnarratedbyJabir)
MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponourProphetMuhammad,hisfamily,andCompanions!
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DeclaringAdhaninaworkplacebesideaMasjid(mosque)
Q:BrotherÀ.B.says,'IfweareinaworkplacethatisnearaMasjid,shouldwedeclarethe
Adhan(calltoPrayer)intheworkplace?
A : YouhavetoattendthecongregationalSalahintheMasjid,becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
said: "Whoeverhearsthecall(Adhan)anddoesnotcometoit(theprayer),thenthereisnoprayerforhimexceptwithan
excuse. Ifthereisacompellingcausethatpreventsyoufromdoingso,thenitispermittedforyouto
announceAdhanandIqamah(calltostartprayer)inyourworkplaceaccordingtothegeneralmeaningof
thelegalproofsinthisregard.
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Rulingonsaying:'OAllah,sendYourblessingsonourmasterMuhammad,hisfamily,and
Companions'bytheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)aftertheAdhan(calltoprayer)
Q:AquestionfrombrotherM.Q.fromJordan.Hesays:SomepeoplehereinJordanandother
countriesconcludetheAdhan(calltoprayer)saying:OAllah,sendYourBlessingsonour
masterMuhammadandonhisfamilyandCompanions.Isthisasin?Whatistherulingonthis?
A : Thisissuerequiresanexplanation:IftheMu'adhinsaysitsubvocally,itispermissibleforhimandfor
whoeverrepliesafterhim,fortheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: WheneveryouheartheMu'adhin,repeat
whathesays,andthenconferpeaceuponme,forwhoeverconfersblessingsuponmeonce,Allahwillconfertenblessingsuponhim,
thenaskAllahtograntmeAlWasilah,whichisarankinJannah(Paradise)thatwillbegrantedtoonlyoneservantofAllah.Ihope
thatIwillbethisone.Whoeverasks(Allah)tograntmeAlWasilah,theintercessionwillbehis. RecordedbyMusliminhis
SahihbookofHadith.AlBukharialsonarratedinhisSahihontheauthorityofJabirIbnÀbdullah(mayAllah
bepleasedwithbothofthem)thatAllah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)stated: Whoeversaysuponhearingthe
Adhan(calltoprayer):"OAllah,LordofthisperfectDa`wah(call)andtheestablishedSalah(prayer),grantMuhammadtheWasilah
andsuperiority,andraisehimuptothepraiseworthyrankwhichYouhavepromisedhim",myintercessionwillbetheirrightonthe
DayofResurrection.
IftheMu'adhinpronouncesthisaudiblyinthesamemannerthathedeclarestheAdhan,thisisaBidàh
(innovationinIslam),becausehegivespeoplethefalseimpressionthatitispartoftheAdhan.Thus,this
additiontotheAdhanisimpermissible,astheconcludingwordsoftheAdhanare:LailahaIllaAllah(There
isnodeitybutAllah).Itisimpermissibletoaddanythingafterthat.Hadtherebeenanygoodinthis,the
Salaf(righteouspredecessors)wouldhavebeenthefirsttodoso.Notonlythis,butforagreaterreason,the
ProphetwouldhavetaughtandprescribedittohisUmmah(community).He(peacebeupon)stated:
WhoeverperformsanactwhichisnotofourShariàh,itistoberejected RecordedbyMusliminhisSahihbookof
HadithanditscontentisalsointheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhariandMuslim)from
theHadithofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher).MayAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)grantusandallour
brothersaprofoundunderstandingofIslamandsupportusinabidingbyit,forHeistheAllHearerand
MostNear.
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RepeatingtheAdhanontheRadio
Q:ThequestionerwhoisS.À.fromAlKharj,says:"IsitpermissibletorepeatAdhan(callto
Prayer)thatisontheradio?"
A : IfthisisatthetimeofSalah(Prayer),oneshouldrepeatAdhanaftertheMu'adhin(caller
toPrayer)ontheradioastheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
WheneveryouheartheAdhan,repeatwhattheMu'adhdhinissaying,theninvokeblessingonmeforanyonewhoinvokesblessing
forme,willreceivetenblessingsfromAllah,thenbegfromAllahalWasilaforme,whichisarankinParadisefittingforonlyoneof
Allah'sservants.
IhopethatImaybethatone.IfanyoneasksAllahtograntmetheWasilah,hewillbeassuredofmyintercession.
(ReportedbyMusliminhisSahih)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: HewhosaysuponhearingtheAdhan:'OAllah,Lordofthis
perfectcallandoftheestablishedSalah(Prayer),grantMuhammadtheWasilahandsuperiority,andraisehimuptoapraiseworthy
positionwhichYouhavepromisedhim!',myintercessionwillbehisontheDayofResurrection. (ReportedbyAlBukhariinhis
Sahih).AlBayhaqi(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)reporteditthroughagoodchainofnarrationandaddedaftersayingwhatyou
promised:"...foryouneverbreakYourPromise."
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Saying''MayAllahestablishitandcauseittocontinue''uponthecompletionofIqamahand
saying"OAllah,LordofthisperfectDa`wah(call)..."atthesametime
Q:UponthecompletionoftheIqamah(calltostartthePrayer),theImamofthemosque
standsupintheMihrabandsays:''MayAllahestablishitandcauseittocontinue."Headds:
''OAllah,LordofthisperfectDa`wah(callingtoIslam)andtheestablishedSalah(Prayer),
grantMuhammadAlWasilah(themostsuperiordegreeinParadise)andsuperiority,andraise
himuptothepraiseworthyrankwhichYouhavepromisedhimforYoudonotbreakthe
promise."IsthisasupplicationnarratedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)?Isthere
anythingelse,otherthanthissupplicationoristhisbetter?
A : UponcompletingAdhan(calltoPrayer),oneshouldofferthissupplication.WhenAl
Mu'adhin(AcallertoPrayer)completestheAdhan,oneshouldaskAllahtoconferpeaceand
blessingsupontheProphet(peacebeuponhim)andthensay: OAllah,LordofthisperfectDa`wahand
theestablishedSalah(Prayer),grantMuhammadtheWasilahandsuperiority,andraisehimuptothepraiseworthyrank
whichYouhavepromisedhim!
SuchistheHadithofAllah'sMessenger(peacebeuponhim)asitwasnarratedbyAlBukhariinhisSahihbookofHadithsonthe
authorityofJabirIbnÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth).ThosewhoheartheAdhanshouldalsosaythesame
supplicationbecausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhenyouheartheMu'adhdhin,repeatwhathesays. (Agreeduponby
AlBukhariandMuslim).Adding"forYoudonotbreakthepromise"istrue,becauseitisauthenticallyreportedbyAlBayhaqi(mayAllah
beMercifulwithhim).ThesamesupplicationistobesaidafterIqamah(calltostartthePrayer),becauseitisthesecondAdhan)
basedonthesayingoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Thereisbetweenthetwocalls(AdhanandIqama)aSalah. Asforthe
sentence"MayAllahestablishitandcauseittocontinue,''itismentionedinaDaìf(weak)Hadith.Inplaceof''MayAllahestablishit
andcauseittocontinue,''itisbettertosay"qadqamatalsalah,qadqamatalsalaah,i.e.,"Salahisabouttobegin,Salahisaboutto
begin,"assaidbyAlMu'adhin.ThisisbecausethereisnoproofthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidthephrase''MayAllah
establishitandcauseittocontinue''.WecannotsaybutwhatisinstructedbytheProphet(peacebeuponhim): Whenyouhearthe
Mu'adhin,repeatwhathesays. Thus,youshouldsay"qadqamatasSalah,qadqamatasSalah,i.e.,"Salahisabouttobegin,Salah
isabouttobegin."Accordingly,whentheMu'adhinannouncesintheAdhanforFajr(dawn)Prayer:"AsSalahKhayrunminAnNawm
(Salahisbetterthansleep)",youshouldsay"AsSalahKhayrunminAnNawm(Salahisbetterthansleep)",thesameastheMu'adhin.
ButwhentheMu'adhinannounces:"HayÀlaAlSalah(Cometoprayer)",twiceand"HayÀlaAlFalah"(Cometosuccess)twice,
thenyoushouldsay"Lahawlawalaquwwataillabillah(ThereisneithermightnorpowerexceptwithAllah).Thisisbecauseitis
authenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim): usedtosayupon"HayÀlaAlSalah"and"HayÀlaAlFalah":La
hawlawalaquwataillabillah"(ThereisneithermightnoranypowerexceptwithAllah). NarratedbyMuslimontheauthorityof`
ÙmarIbnAlKhattab(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).
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RulingonpeoplewhoseIqamahisthesameastheAdhan
Q:InAmman,peoplemakeIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)exactlyasAdhan(calltoPrayer).
Isthisallowed?
A : ThisisnarratedinsomeHadithsontheauthorityofAbuMahdhurah.Thereisnoharminthat.Yet,making
IqamahoddismuchbetterasBilalusedtoannounceitoddlyinthepresenceoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him)i.e.,hedidnotrepeatAlShahadatayn(thetwodeclarationsoffaith:Saying"thereisnogodbutAllah"
and"MuhammadistheMessengerofAllah")norAlHai'alah(Saying,Hayya'AlaAlSalah,Hayya'AlaAl
Falahi.e.cometoPrayer,cometoSuccess").Rather,heannouncedeachoneofthemonce.Yet,thereisno
harminannouncingittwiceliketheAdhanbasedontheHadithdenotedabovethatwasnarratedbyAbu
Mahdhurah.
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RulingonsayingIqamahexactlythesameasAdhan
Q:AbrotherfromRawdahSadir,theKingdomofSaudiArabiasays:"Duringmyjourneysto
someMuslimcountries,IenteredamosquetoperformSalah(Prayer)incongregation.I
noticedthatAlMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)pronouncesIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)
exactlyliketheAdhan(calltoPrayer).WhatistheSunnahoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him)inthisregard?IsitpermissiblefortheIqamahtobepronouncedexactlythesameas
Adhan?Please,giveusafatwa!MayAllahrewardyouwellandgrantyoualonglifeupon
obediencetoAllah!
A : ThisispermissibleandisevenoneofthewaysreportedintheSunnahforpronouncingAdhan.Thiswas
authenticallyreportedintheSahihfromAbuMahdhurah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)whentheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)taughthimbothAdhanandIqamahinAlMasjidAlHaramatthetimeofthetheLiberation
ofMakkah.
ItispermissibletopronouncethephrasesoftheIqamahonceonlyapartfromthephrase"qadqamatal
Salahi.e."Salahisabouttobegin"andtheTakbir(saying:"AllahuAkbar[AllahistheGreatest]"),asthis
usedtobedonebyBilal(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)atMasjidAlNaby(Prophet'sMosque)inthepresenceof
theProphet(peacebeuponhim).ItisreportedintheTwoSahih(authentic)BooksofHadith(i.e.AlBukhari
andMuslim)ontheauthorityofAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)that Bilalusedtosaythephrasesofthe
AdhantwiceandsaythephrasesoftheIqamahonceinthepresenceoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
Consequently,itshouldbeknownthatthereisnoharminmentioningthephrasesoftheIqamahtwiceor
onceonlyalongwithpronouncingtwicethephrase"qadqamatalSalahi.e."Salahisabouttobegin"andthe
Takbir.WhatvariesareAlShahadatayn(Thetwodeclarationsoffaith:Saying"thereisnogodbutAllah"
and"MuhammadistheMessengerofAllah")andAlHayàlatayn(Saying,"CometoPrayer,cometo
Success".IntheAdhannarratedbyAbuMahdurah,hepronouncedthephrasestwice.ButintheHadithnarrated
b yAnasaswellasothersnarratingthemanneroftheAdhanandIqamahofBilal,suchphrasesare
pronouncedonceintheIqamah.Thus,bothmannersareactsoftheSunnahoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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IsthereafixedtimewhereinAlMa'mumshouldstandupduringIqamah
Q:ThequestionerÀ.À.M.fromCairosays:"IsthereafixedtimewhereinMa'mum(a
personbeingledbyanImaminPrayer)shouldstandupwhenhearingIqamah(calltostart
thePrayer)i.e.,shouldonestandupuponhearingtheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)saying:"Qad
qamatasSalahi.e."Salahisabouttobegin",beforeit,orafterfinishingtheIqamah
completely?Isthereflexibilityinthismatter?Please,advise!MayAllahgrantyousuccessin
worldlylifeandintheHereafter!
A : ThereisnofixedtimeforstandingupduringtheIqamahforSalahsinthepurifiedShariàh(Islamic
law).Rather,AlMa'mumcanstandupforSalahatthebeginningofIqamah,duringit,orattheendofit.
Thereisflexibilityinthismatter.Iknownoevidence
intheShariàhspecifyingafixedtimewhereinAlMa'mumshouldstandupuponhearingtheIqamah.Ifitis
statedbysomeJuriststhatitisprescribedtostandupuponhearingtheMu'adhinsaying"qadqamatalsalah
i.e."Salahisabouttobegin",thenIknownoevidenceinsupportoftheirviewpoint.
IftheImamisnotpresentatthetimeofIqamah,thentheSunnahforAlMa'mumsisthattheyshouldnot
standupuntiltheyseehim,becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: IftheIqamaispronounced,thendo
notstandfortheSalahuntilyouseemeinfrontofyou. (RelatedbyMuslim).MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Chapter:TheconditionsofSalah
Thelegalaccountabilityofadeafmuteperson
Q :Willadeafmuteboybeheldlegallyaccountablefororexcusedfromobservingactsof
worshipsuchasSalah(Prayer)?
A : Whenadeafmuteboyreachestheageofpuberty,hewillbeheldlegallyaccountableforobservingthe
varioustypesofTaklif(meetingtheconditionstobeheldlegallyaccountableforactions)suchasSalahand
otheracts.Heshouldbetaughtwhatheisrequiredtodobywritingandsignsduetothegenerallegal
evidenceindicatingtheobligationofTaklifforwhoeverreachestheageofpubertyifthispersonissane.
Pubertyisattainedbycompletingtheageoffifteen,dischargingsemenoutofsexualdesire,duringwet
dreamorthelike,orgrowingcoarsehairaroundthefrontalgenitalarea.Asforwomen,theyhaveafourth
signwhichismenstruation.Moreover,theguardianshouldfulfilltheZakah(obligatorycharity)andother
financialdutiesonhis/herbehalf.Heshouldalsoteachhim/herwhateverisunknowntohim/herbyall
possiblemeansuntils/heunderstandsAllah'sObligationsandProhibitions.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: So
keepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: WhenIcommandyouto
doanything,doofitasmuchasyoupossiblycan.
Thus,theMukallaf(personmeetingtheconditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions)whodoes
nothearortalk,orisinflictedwithdumbnessordeafnessshouldfearAllahasmuchastheycanthrough
abidingbyobligationsandavoidingprohibitions.Theyshouldalsohavegoodunderstandingofreligion
accordingtotheircapabilitybywatching,writing,andusingsignsuntiltheyunderstandwhatisrequired.
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ThedeafmuteoffersSalahwithoutknowingitsconditions
Q:ThereisadeafmutepersonwhooffersSalah(Prayer)withoutknowingitsconditions.Is
hisSalahvalid?
A : HemayofferSalahinthemannerthatsuitshiscircumstances,becauseAllah(ExaltedbeHe)says: So
keepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan Ifitispossibleheshouldbetaughtbysignsorbyanyother
means.Butifthisisimpossible,heisnotrequiredtolearnmorethanwhatheknows.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)
says: AndWeneverpunishuntilWehavesentaMessenger(togivewarning).
Ifitispossibletoteachhimbymeansofwriting,becauseheisendowedwitheyesightandcanread,itis
obligatorytoteachhimbysuchmeans.TeachingtheignorantisobligatoryuponhisfellowMuslimbrothers
andteachers.Thus,heshouldbetaughtbyanypossiblemeans,writingorsigns,sothatonewillhave
dischargedone'sobligationandinorderforhimtoknowhisreligion.
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DoesreachingpubertydesignatetheageofaccountabilityforperformingSalah
Q:AbrotherfromRiyadhasks:Isreachingpubertyconsideredthelimitatwhichachildis
askedtomakeupfortheSalah(prayer)thathemissedduetosleepingandotherreasons?
A : Onceaboyoragirlreachestheageofpuberty,theyhavetoperformSalah,Sawm(Fast)ofRamadan,
Hajj(majorpilgrimage)andÙmrah(minorpilgrimage)iftheyhavetheabilitytodoso.Theywillbe
deemedsinfulforeitherabandoningthisorcommittingsins.Thiscomesinaccordancetothegeneralrules
ofShariàh(Islamiclaw).Pubertyisattainedbycompletingtheageoffifteen,dischargingsemenoutof
sexualdesire(whetherduringone'ssleeporawakening),orgrowingcoarsehairaroundthefrontalgenital
area,andinthecaseofgirls,thisincludeshavingmenses.
Aslongasaboyoragirlhasnotexperiencedanysuchthings,theyarenotMukallaf(personmeetingthe
conditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions).TheyaretobecommandedtoperformSalahat
theageofsevenandtobepunishedforneglectingitwhenreachingtenyearsold.Theyshouldalsobe
commandedtofastthemonthofRamadanandshouldbeurgedtodoallkindsofgooddeedsi.e.,reciting
theQur'an,performingsupererogatorySalah,performingHajj(majorpilgrimage)andÙmrah(minor
pilgrimage),sayingSubhanAllah,alhamduLillah,Allahuakbar,andLailahaillaAllah.Theyshouldalsobe
preventedfromallsins,becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Commandyourchildrentopraywhenthey
becomesevenyearsoldandbeatthemfor(neglecting)itwhentheybecometenyearsoldandseparatetheirplaces[thatofboys
andgirls.Ed.]ofsleep. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim) admonishedAlHasanibnÀli(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem
both)foreatingthedatehereceivedincharityandinstructedhimthatitisnotpermissibleforthemtotakecharityandorderedhimto
leavetheonedatewhichhehadeatenpartof. WhentheProphetdied,AlHasanwasonlysevenyearsoldandafew
months.
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ApatientperformingSalahbeforegoingintosurgery
Q:Itisknownthatafterundergoingsurgery,apatientremainsunderanestheticuntilhe
regainsconsciousnessthenhesuffersfrompainforafewhoursafterwards.Canheperform
Salah(prayer)beforetheduetimeandpriortoundergoingtheoperationorshouldhedelay
theSalahuntilheisabletoperformitconsciouslyevenifthiswillbedelayedforadayor
more?
A : Thedoctorshouldestimatethematterfirst:Ifitispossibleforhimtodelaystartingtreatmentuntilthe
timeofSalahcomes,suchasinthecaseoftheZuhr(Noon)Prayer,thentheillpersonmayperformboth
theZuhrandÀsrprayersatthetimeoftheZuhr.Asforthenight,thepatientcanperformbothMaghrib
andÌsha'aftersunsetandbeforestartingtheoperation.
Ifthetreatmenttakesplaceatforenoon,thenthepatientistobeexcused.Whenherecovers,heshould
makeupforthenumberofSalahshemissedevenifthisisafteradayortwo.Hehastomakeupforwhat
hemisseduponhisrecovery.Thereisnoblameonhim,praisebetoAllah.Hiscaseislikethatofasleeping
person:Whenhewakesup,becomesalert,andregainsconsciousness,heshouldmakeupforthenumberof
Salahshemissedrespectively:Zuhr,followedbyÀsr,etc.,untilhemakesupforallthathemissedbecause
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Hewhomissesaprayerbecausehesleepsorforgetsitshouldofferitwhenhe
remembersit,thereisnoexpiationforitexceptthis. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
Losingconsciousnessduetoillnessorundergoingtreatmenthasthesamerulingassleepingifitdoesnot
takealongtime.Ifitextendstomorethanthreedays,thenapersonisexemptedfrommakingupforwhat
theymissedandtheirrulingisthesameasthatofasenileperson(whoistobeexempted)untilheregains
hismindandresumesperformingSalahafterregaininghismind,becausetheProphet(maypeacebeupon
him)said, Thepenshavebeenliftedfromthree(i.e.theyarenotheldaccountable):fromonewhoissleepinguntilhewakesup,
fromachilduntilhereachestheageofadolescence,andfromonewhohaslosthisminduntilhecomesbacktohissenses. The
Prophetdidnotimposemakingupprayersonachildorapersonwholosestheirmind.Yetitisconfirmed
thathe(peacebeuponhim)orderedmakingupprayeronthepartofthesleepingandtheforgetfulpeople.
AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess!
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DelayingSalahbeyonditsduetimeandneglectingJumuàhPrayerbythosewhoworkas
nurses
Q:ImissSalah(Prayer)manytimesandIperformittogetherwiththefollowingone.Thisis
duetobeingtoobusyinmyworkasanurse,orbeingtoobusyexaminingpatients.Ialsodo
notattendJumuàh(Friday)Prayerduetoservingpatients.Isthispermissible?
A : ItisobligatoryuponyoutoperformSalahatitsduetime.Inotherwords,itisimpermissibleforyouto
delaySalahsaftertheirduetimes.AsforJumuàh(Friday)Prayer,ifyouareaguardorofthosewho
cannotperformitincongregation,thenyouareexemptedandshouldperformitasZhuhr(Noon)Prayer,
justasthesickorthelike.AsfortheotherSalahs,youshouldperformthemattheirduetimesandshould
notcombinetwoSalahstogetheratonetime.
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(PartNo.10PageNo.374)
RulingondelayingSalahafteritsduetime
Q:ThequestionerH.S.J.fromRiyadhsays:"IamcarefulaboutmySalah(Prayer)butIgoto
sleeplateatnight.Thus,Isetmyalarmat7:00a.m.aftersunrise.IperformSalahandthen
gotoattendmylectures.AsforThursdaysandFridays,Iwakeuplate,i.e.justanhourortwo
beforeZhuhr(Noon)Prayer.IperformFajr(Dawn)Prayerafterwakingup.Ialsoperform
mostofSalahsinsidemyroomintheuniversitydormitoryanddonotgotothenearby
mosque.Abrotherbroughttomyattentionthatthisisimpermissible.Ihopethatyour
EminencewillexplaintherulingonwhatIhavementioned.MayAllahrewardyouwell!
A : WhoeverintentionallysetstheiralarmtoawakenhimaftersunrisemissestheobligatorySalahofFajr
Prayeratitsduetime.SuchapersonneglectsperformingSalahatitsduetimeandisconsideredtohave
committedmajorkufr(disbelief)accordingtoagreatnumberofthescholars,MayAllahgrantussafety,
becauseheintendstodelaySalahafteritsduetime.Thesamerulingappliestoonewhodeliberatelyif
intendstodelaytheSalah(i.e.thatofFajr)andperformitshortlybeforeZuhrPrayer.Asforonewhoisso
overwhelmedbysleepandfailstoperformSalahatitsduetime,thenthereisnoharm.Heisthenobligedto
performSalahuponwakingupandthereisnoblameonsuchaperson,asitislikeonewho
missesSalahoutofforgetfulness.OneshouldensurethemeansthathelponeperformSalahattheirdue
timesandincongregation,suchassettingthealarmforthetimeofSalahandgoingtobedearly.
AsforapersonwhointentionallydelaysSalahandperformsitaftertheirduetimeorsetsthealarmfora
timelaterthantheduetimesoasnottowakeupontime,thenthisisadeliberateacttomissSalah.Sucha
personisconsideredtohavecommittedagrievoussinaccordingtoallscholars.However,deemingsucha
personasakafir(disbeliever)isacontroversialmatteramongscholars.Ifonedoesnotdenyitsbeing
obligatory,thenthemajorityofscholarsopinethatsuchapersonisnotdeemedtohavecommittedmajor
kufr(disbelief)duetothis.
YetagroupofIslamicscholarsopinethatsuchanactionentailsmajorKufr(disbelief)thattakesoneoutof
IslambecausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: WhatmakesoneaMushrik(onewhoassociatesotherswith
AllahinHisDivinityorworship)andKufrisabandoningSalah. (RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahih(authentic)bookof
Hadith)He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Thatwhichdifferentiatesusfromthem(Kafirs,Mushriksorhypocrites)isour
performanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesaKafir. (RelatedbyImamAhmadandtheFourCompilersof
Hadithwithanauthenticchainoftransmitters)Thereareotherproofsinthisregardascribedtothe
Companions(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemall).TherespectedTabi`y(Follower,thegenerationafterthe
CompanionsoftheProphet)ÀbdullahIbnShaqiqAlÙqaylysaid:"TheSahabah(CompanionsoftheProphet)did
notconsidertheabandonmentofanyacttogeaKufrexceptSalah."AsforabandoningtoperformSalahin
congregation,thisisanabominableandimpermissiblematteraswellasoneofthecharacteristicsofthe
hypocrites.
ItisobligatoryupontheMuslimtoperformSalahincongregationinthemasjid(mosque)asreportedinthe
HadithofIbnUmMaktumwhoisablindman.Hesaid: OMessengerofAllah!
IhavenoonetoguidemetotheMasjid(mosque).He,therefore,askedtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)togranthim
permission(toofferSalahinhishouse).He(theProphet)grantedhimpermission.Whenthemanturnedaway,hecalledhimand
said:'DoyouhearAdhan(calltoPrayer)?'Hesaid:'Yes.'He(peacebeuponhim)said:'Respondtoit.' (RelatedbyImamMuslimin
hisSahih(authentic)bookofHadith.)ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whoeverhearsthe
Adhananddoesnotcometoit(Salah),thenthereisnoSalahforhimexcepthehasanexcuseforthat. (RelatedbyIbnMajah,Al
Daraqutni,IbnHibban,andAlHakimwithagoodSanad(chainofnarrators))IbnÀbbaswasasked:"Whatistheexcuse?"Hereplied:
"Fearordisease."ItisnarratedinSahihMuslimthatIbnMasùd(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)said: DuringthelifetimeofAllah's
Messenger(peacebeuponhim)weusedtothinkthatnoonefailedtoattendSalahincongregationexceptahypocriteoronewho
wassick. Inconclusion,abelievershouldperformSalahinthemasjid.Itisnotpermissibleforhimtotakethematterlightlyand
performSalahinhishousewhenthemosqueisnearby.AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess!
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RulingondelayingSalahafteritsduetimebecauseofstudying
Q:SomefellowMuslimbrotherswhostudyinAmericacannotperformSalah(Prayer)atthe
duetime,whetherincongregationorbythemselves,duetothescheduleoflecturesherein
theAmericanuniversities.SomeMuslimbrothersalsocannotperformJumuàh(Friday)Prayer
foralongperiodthatmayextendtoawholesemester.Whatistherulingonthis?MayAllah
rewardyouwell!
A:ItisobligatoryuponeveryMuslimtoperformSalahsattheirduetime.Inotherwords,itisimpermissible
todelaythemaftertheirduetimesinordertoattendsomelessonsorlectures.Onlytravelersandsick
peoplewhofinditdifficulttoperformeachSalahatitsduetimeareexempted.Itispermissibleforsuch
personstocombinetheSalahstheyhavemissed.Asforyouandyourlikes,therulingofthetravelerdoes
notapplytoyoubecauseyoudecidetostayforalongperiod.Whenthetravelerdecidestostaymorethan
fourdays,heisrequiredtoperformfullSalah,i.e.fourRakàhs(unitsofPrayer),likeapersonwhoisa
resident,accordingtothemajorityofscholars.Thus,itisobligatoryuponeveryMuslim,whereverheis,to
fearAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)andperformSalahsattheirduetimesincongregation.Theyshouldnotbe
lenientinthisregardorthinkthattheyhavealicensetocombineSalahswithouthavingalegalexcuse.
OneshouldperformJumuàh(Friday)PrayerincongregationwiththeMuslimsifoneexistsinaplacewhere
Jumuàh(Friday)Prayerisoffered.Itisnotpermissibletotoleratethismatter.
MayAllahguideMuslimstounderstandHisReligionandholdfasttoit!HeisAllHearer,EverNear.
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RulingondelayingSalahuntilnightbecauseofthecoldwaterandthelackoftime
Q:ThequestionerM.S.A.fromEgyptsays:"IworkinIraqwhereIgotoworkintheearly
morningandcomebackatsunset.IhavethennotimetoofferSalah(Prayer)andIamunable
toperformWudu'(ablution)duetothecoldnessoftheplaceofWudu'.So,Idelayperforming
SalahuntilIreturnhome.
A:ItisobligatoryuponMuslimstofearAllahwherevertheyareandrememberthat
theywillbeheldaccountableontheDayofResurrectionforneglectingtheobligationsordainedbyAllah
(ExaltedbeHe)andtheunlawfulthingstheyhavecommitted.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Omankind!Be
afraidofyourLord(bykeepingyourdutytoHimandavoidingallevil),andfearaDaywhennofathercanavailaughtforhisson,nora
sonavailaughtforhisfather.Verily,thePromiseofAllhistrue:letnotthenthis(worldly)presentlifedeceiveyou,norletthechief
deceiver(Satan)deceiveyouaboutAllh. And: Oyouwhobelieve!FearAllhandkeepyourdutytoHim.Andleteveryperson
Salahisthemainpillar
looktowhathehassentforthforthemorrow,andfearAllh.Verily,AllhisAllAwareofwhatyoudo.
ofIslamandthegreatestobligationafterthetwoShahadah(TestimonyofFaith).Itisimpermissibletomiss
Salahforthesakeoftheworldlyaffairs.ThequestionerisobligedtoofferSalahatitsduetime.Heshould
notdelayitforhisworldlyaffairs.Hehastoofferitaccordingtohiscapacity.Whenwaterisavailable,he
hastouseitforWudu'.ThereisnoharmtoheatthiswaterifitiscoldinordertoperformWudu'.Whenhe
isunabletoheatthewaterortoperformWudu'withcoldwater,hehastomakeTayammum(dryablution)
toofferSalahattheduetime.Hemaytakethesamerulingasthetravelerwhofindsnowater.Delaying
Salahforachievingtheworktasks,worldlyaffairs,oraluxuryisconsideredagreatsinandcorruption,
whichtheMuslimisnotallowedtodo.
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WorkinglateisnotanexcusefordelayingSalah
Q:IusuallymisstheÀsr(Afternoon)Prayerandofferitathome,becausemyworkendsjust
aftertheAdhan(calltoPrayer)ofÀsrPrayer.Ileaveworktirednotevenhavinganytimeto
restoreatandIcannotperformSalah(Prayer)ontime.IsitpermissibleformetodelaySalah
andofferitathome?
A : WhatyouhavementionedisnotanexcusetodelayofferingSalahincongregation.Youshouldhastento
performitwithyourMuslimbrothersintheMasjid(Mosque),thenyoucanrestandhaveyourmeal.Allah
hasmadeitobligatoryuponyoutoperformSalahontimeincongregationwithyourMuslimbrothers.What
youhavementionedisnotalegalexcusefordelayingit.ThisisdrivenbytheinsinuationsofSatan,personal
whims,weaknessinIman(Faith/belief)andlackoffearofAllah.Youshouldbewareofyourpersonal
whims,Satanandyourlowerselfthatisinclinedtodesiresandevilsandyouwillreachgoodend,gain
salvationandhappinessinthisworldandtheHereafter.MayAllahguardyouagainsttheevilofyourselfand
theinsinuationsofSatan!
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AsecurityguarddelayingofferingSalahontime
Q:IamasecurityguardandwhenthetimeoftheÀsr(Afternoon)Prayerisdue,Idonotfind
someonetosubstituteforme,soIofferitaftertheMaghrib(Sunset)PrayeramItobe
blamedfordelayingit?Whatshouldonedointhiscase?
A : Itisnotpermissibleforasecurityguard,oranyoneelse,todelaySalah(Prayer).Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
says: Verily,AsSalt(theprayer)isenjoinedonthebelieversatfixedhours. Therearesomanyotherproofsinthe
Qur'anandSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet).
HemustofferSalahontimewhilestillkeepingguardastheMuslimsofferedSalatulKhawf(Prayerintimes
offear)withtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whenfacingtheenemy.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DelayingSalahafteritsduetimebecauseofwork
Q:WeareworkersonafarmwhereweofferallobligatorySalah(Prayer)becausetheMasjid
(Mosque)isabouttwokilometersaway.WecannotheartheAdhan(calltoPrayer),sowe
pronouncetheAdhanandIqamah(calltostartthePrayer)onthefarm.Wemaysometimes
delaySalahhalfanhourduetowork.Whatistherulingonthis?
A : ThereisnothingwrongwithofferingSalahonthefarm,iftheMasjidisfarawayfromyou.Similarly,
thereisnothingwrongwithdelayingSalahforhalfanhourorso,butitisbesttoofferSalahatthe
beginningofitsduetime,withtheexceptionoftheZhuhr(Noon)Prayerwhenitisveryhot.Inthiscase,it
shouldbedelayeduntilitgetscooler.Likewise,ifthecongregationislatefortheÌsha'(Night)Prayer,the
Imam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)shouldwaitforthem.Itisauthenticallyreportedthatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim) usedtoconsiderthecongregationintheÌsha'Prayer.Wheneverhesawthemassembled,he
wouldperformitearlierandiftheyarelate,hewoulddelayperformingit. MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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DelayingSalahbecauseofsomemilitaryactions
Q:IparticipateinmilitaryoperationsthatmaymakemedelaytheSalah(Prayer)suchasthe
Àsr(Afternoon)PrayerandIcannotdisobeyordersotherwise,Iwillbedismissedor
imprisoned.WhatshouldIdo?
A : ItisknownthatSalahisthemainpillarofIslamandthesecondofthefiveRukns(integrals/Pillars)of
Islam.Oneofitsmainconditionsistoperformitatitsduetime.Obeyingacreatureinasinis
impermissible.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)stated: Submissionisobligatoryonlyinwhatisgood(and
reasonable). He(peacebeuponhim)alsostated: ThereisnoobedienceinmattersinvolvingAllah'sdisobedience.
Accordingly,youmustperformSalahontimewithoutdelayingit.However,itispermissibleincaseof
necessitytocombinetheZhuhr(Noon)PrayerandtheÀsr(Afternoon)PrayeratonetimeortheMaghrib
(Sunset)PrayerandÌsha'(Night)Prayeratonetimeasincaseoftravelorillness.AsfordelayingtheÀsr
PrayertillthesunturnsyellowortheÌsha'tillaftermidnight,thisisnotpermissibleatall.Youmusttake
careofthismatterandpresentmylettertotheofficialsinyourdepartmentandtheywillInshaaAllah(if
Allahwills)actinaccordancewiththeShariàh(Islamiclaw).Iftheydonot,informmeandIwillInshaa
Allahcontacttheproperauthoritiestodothenecessary.MayAllahguideusalltogoodinthisworldandthe
HereafterandguideusalltotheStraightPath.
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WorkersdelayingZhuhrand'AsrPrayerstothenight
Q:ManyworkersdelayZhuhr(noon)andÀsr(afternoon)prayerstothenightonthegrounds
thattheyareoccupiedwithworkandthattheirclothesareimpureandunclean.Whatdoyou
advisethemtodo?
A : ItisimpermissibleforMuslimstodelaytheobligatorySalah(prayer).EveryMukallaf(personmeetingthe
conditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefortheiractions)shouldperformitontime
accordingtotheirability.However,workisnotanexcusefordelayingit.Thesameappliestoimpureand
uncleanclothes,theyarenotlegalexcusesfordelayingSalah.
ThetimesofSalahshouldbeexceptedfromwork.Aworkershouldwashuncleanclothesoruseclean
clothesinstead.
TheexistenceofdirtonclothesisnotanimpedimentforthevalidityofSalahsolongasitisnotimpureor
givingoffabadodurthatcausesharmtoothers.Ifthedirtoritssmelloffendsthosewhoarepraying,the
MuslimshouldwashitorwearcleanclothestooffertheSalahwiththecongregation.
Itisalsolegallypermissiblefortheonewhoisexcusedsuchasasickpersonoratravelertocombine
ZhuhrandÀsratthetimeofeitherofthem.ThesameappliestoMaghrib(sunset)andÌsha'(night)as
authenticallyreportedintheSunnahoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim).
CombiningtheSalahisalsopermissibleifthereishardshipforpeopleasincasesofsevererainormud.
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ThecriticaltimesforZhuhr,Àsr,andMaghribPrayers
Q:Y.À.fromKhartum,SudanRepublicisasking:Pleaseadvisemeaboutthecriticaltimefor
Zhuhr(noon),Àsr(afternoon),andMaghrib(sunset)Salah(prayers).
A : ThereisnocriticaltimeforofferingZhuhrprayeritstimeisoptional,anditbecomesdue
whenthesunreachesthemeridianuntil
theshadowofeverythingbecomesequaltoitslengthafterthemeridian.Aspreviously
mentioned,itstimeisoptional.ItisbettertoperformtheSalahatthebeginningofitstime
afterpronouncingtheAdhan(calltoprayer)andofferingthesupererogatoryPrayer,thenthe
ImamshalltakehistimeuntilpeoplecomesuccessivelytotheSalah.Thisisthebestthingto
dointhiscase.AsforÀsr,itincludesanoptionaltimeandacriticaltime.Theoptionaltime
startswhenthetimeofSalahbecomesdueuntilthesunraysareyellow.Afterthis,thecritical
timelaststillsunset.ItisalsoimpermissibletodelaytheSalahtillthattimesincetheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: ThetimeforÀsr(prayer)lastsuntilthesunbecomesyellow. Describingthe
hypocrite,hesaid: Thisistheprayerofthehypocrite,thisistheprayerofthehypocrite:Theywaituntilthesunisbetween
thehornsofSatan(i.e.abouttoset),thentheypeck(i.e.quicklyoffer)fourRak'ahs(unitsofprayer)inwhichtheybarelyremember
Allah. Thus,he(peacebeuponhim)hadmentionedthatdelayingSalahistheattributeofthe
hypocrites.Atruebelievershouldnotdelayituntilthesun'sraysfadebuttheyshouldhasten
toofferitduringtheoptionaltime.
RegardingMaghrib,itstimeisoptionalstartingfromsunsetuntiltwilightfades.Yet,offering
itassoonasitstimebeginsisbetter,forthiswasthewayoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him).WhenthesunwouldsetandtheMu'adhin(callertoPrayer)wouldpronouncetheAdhan
(calltoprayer),andtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtowaitforashortwhilethen
establishtheSalahatthebeginningofitstime.However,thereisnoharmifapersondelays
italittle,solongastheywillofferitwithintheprescribedtime.Moreover,itstimeendswith
thefadingoftwilightwhichistheredlightexistinginthehorizontowardsthewestforit
denotestheendofMaghribprayertimeandtheadventof
Ìsha'prayertimewhichlaststillmidnight.Thetimeaftermidnightisthecriticaltimefor
Ìsha'.Therefore,itisimpermissibletoperformitthen.
However,theintervalbetweenthefadingoftwilightandmidnightisanoptionaltimefor
offeringÌsha'prayer.Ifapersonperformsitaftermidnight,itiscorrect,butheissinfulfor
delayingittothecriticaltime.
ThetimeofFajr(dawn)isoptional.Itstartsfromthebreakofdawntillsunrise.However,itis
bettertoperformitatthebeginningofitstimeratherthandelayingit,soastofollowthe
exampleoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whousedtoofferitinthedarkafterthebreak
ofdawn.
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TheperiodwithinwhichIbradispermissibleatZhuhrprayer
Q:Isthereaspecificmaximumtimei.e.onehourortwo,afterwhichIbrad(postponingthe
ZhuhrPrayeruntiltheweathercoolsdown)becomesimpermissible?
A : ItispermissibleforanImam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)topostponeZhuhrprayeruntil
theweathercoolsdownevenwhentraveling.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Whenitisintenselyhot,
waituntilitcoolsdownbeforeyoupray,forintenseheatisfromthegustofHellfire. ThereisnospecifictimeforIbrad.The
Imamshouldobservetheheatandwhenitlessensandtheshadowspreadsoverthemarkets,thisis
enough.AllahistheOneWhograntssuccess.
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DelayingMaghribPrayerto'Isha'time
Q:ThereisaquestionfromA.À.H.inwhichhesays:MyfamilyandIareusedtogoingto
purchasesomerequirementsfromaneighboringtown,whichisaboutfiftykilometersaway.
Wealwaysreturnbysunset.However,becauseoftheshortdurationofMaghribtimeandthe
trafficjam,wegooutlateandfailtoarriveexceptbytheAdhan(calltoprayer)of
Ìsha'(night).Inthiscase,isitpermissibleforustodelayMaghribPrayertillwereachour
townduetotheremotenessofthedistanceandthehardshipexperiencedbywomen?
A : ThereisnothingwrongwithdelayingMaghribuntilyoureachthetownontheconditionoftheexistence
ofthementionedcasetoescapehardship,butifitispossibletoofferitontheway,thiswillbebetter.
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ItisobligatorytoperformÌsha'beforemidnight
Q:WhatistherulingondelayingÌsha'(Night)Prayeruntilaftermidnight?
A : ItisobligatorytoperformÌsha'Prayerbeforemidnight.Itisnotpermissibletodelayituntilmidnight,
becausetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Thetimeofthenightprayerisuntilmidnight.
So,youhavetoprayitbeforemidnight,basedonthelengthofthenight,becausethenightmaybelonger
orshorter.Therefore,theguidelinesarehowmanyhoursthenightlasts.Ifthenightistenhourslong,then
itisnotpermissibletodelayituntiltheendofthefifthhour.Ifthenightiselevenhourslong,thenitisnot
permissibletodelayituntiltheendoffiveandahalfhours.Thebestwayistoprayitinthefirstthirdofthe
night.IfapersonpraysitatthebeginningofthetimeofÌsha,thatiswell,butifhedelaysitforawhile,
thatispreferable,becausetheMessenger(peacebeuponhim) usedtorecommenddelayingÌsha'prayerfora
while. Ifsomeonepraysitatthebeginningofitstimeafterthetwilighti.e.thereddishafterglowalongthe
horizon,hasvanished,thereisnothingwrongwiththat.MayAllahgrantussuccess.
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Q:IsitrecommendedforwomentodelayÌsha'(Night)Prayer?
Q:IheardthatitisrecommendedformentodelayofferingÌsha'Salah,isthispermissiblefor
womenaswell?
A : PraisebetoAllah.MaypeaceandblessingsbeuponAllah'sMessenger,hisfamily,companions,and
thosewhofollowhisguidance.
ThereareauthenticHadithsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whichprovethatitisrecommendedfor
menandwomentodelayofferingÌsha'Salah.Itisnarratedthat oncetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)delayed
performingÌsha'Salahtillthethirdpartofthenight.Hesaid,"Verily,itisitstime,haditnotbeendifficultformynation.
Ifitispossibletodelayitwithouthardship,itisbetter.Forexampleifpeopleinacertainplaceoragroupof
travelersagreetodelayittothethirdofthenightforitiseasierforthem,thereisnothingwrongwiththat.
Itisratherbetterbutitisnotpermissibletodelayituntilaftermidnightfortheendofitsoptionaltimeis
midnightaccordingtotheHadithofÀbdullahibnÀmrthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Thetimeof
Ìsha'Prayerisuntilmidnight.
However,ifdelayingitmaycauseharmtosomepeople,itisobligatoryinthiscasetoofferitinitsfirsttime.
Jabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)said, WhenevertheProphet(peacebeuponhim)sawthem(thepeople)assembled
(forÌsha Prayer)hewouldofferitandiftheycomelate,hewoulddelayit. Moreover,AbuBarzah(mayAllahbepleased
withhim)said, TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)preferredtooffertheÌsha'Prayerlate.
Accordingly,delayingSalahisbetterifthisispossiblewithoutdifficultyonthepartofpeoplebutitisnot
allowabletodelayituntilaftermidnight.
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Therulingondelaying'Isha'Prayer
Q:SomequestionerfromRiyadhsaysthatsomepeople,whenaskedwhytheydelay
Ìsha'(Night)Prayerduringworkandthelike,claimthatitstimelastsuntilmidnightand
thereisflexibilityinthisregard.
Ihopeyouexplaintherulingonthisquestionandprovidetheevidenceforit.MayAllah
protectyouandgrantyousuccess.
A : EveryMuslimhastoofferÌsha'andotherPrayersincongregationattheduetime.Itisimpermissibleto
delayitforthesakeofwork.NooneisallowedtomissthecongregationexceptforaShar`y(Islamically
lawful)excuse,suchassickness.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Whoeverhearsthecall(adhaan)andhe
doesnotcometoit(theprayer),thenthereisnoprayerforhimunlesshehasa[legal]excuse. WhenIbnAbbaswasasked
whattheexcuseis,hereplied,'sicknessorfear.'
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TherulingonthosewhoofferAlFajrPrayeraftersunrise
Q:ThisisamessagefromKh.A.Kh.fromRiyadhinwhichhesays,"Ihaveafriendwholives
nearme.WearebothveryneartotheMasjid(mosque)butmyfrienddoesnotprayAlFajr
(Dawn)PrayerintheMasjid.Heusedtospendthenightwatchingtelevisionandplayingcards
tothefirsthoursofthemorninganddoesnotofferAlFajrPrayerexceptaftersunrise.I
blamedhimmanytimesbutheclaimedthathedidnotheartheAdhan(CalltoSalah)even
thoughtheMasjidisnearasImentioned.Therefore,Iofferedtowakehimuptoofferthis
prayerandI,actually,wenttohimmanytimesandwokehimupbuthedidnotcometothe
Masjid.WhenIreturnedIfoundhimsleeping.Infact,Iblamedhimmanytimesandevery
timeheofferedinsignificantexcuses.Healwayssays,"Youwillberesponsibleformebefore
AllahontheDayofJudgmentbecauseIamyourneighbor."
IhopeYourEminencewillenlightenmeaboutthis.Isitobligatoryonmetowakehimupto
offerSalah?
A : ItisnotpermissibleforaMuslimtostayawakesothathecouldnotofferAlFajrSalah
(prayer)incongregationorinitsduetimeevenforrecitingtheQur'anorlearningknowledge.
Ifthisisthecase,thenwhatonemaythinkofspendingthenightwatchingtelevision,playing
cardsorthelikesinfulactsthatentailthepunishmentofAllah(ExaltedbeHe).Officials
shoulddealwithsuchpeopleanddeterthem.However,delayingAlFajrSalahuntilafter
sunriseisaformofmajordisbeliefifsomeonedoessowillfullyaccordingtoagroupof
scholars.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Whatmakesoneadisbelieverandapolytheistisabandoning
prayers. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih).He(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid, Thatwhichdifferentiates
usfromthedisbelieversandhypocritesisourperformanceofSalah.Hewhoabandonsit,becomesadisbeliever. (Narratedby
ImamAhmadandAhlu lSunan(authorsofHadithcompilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudential
themes)ontheauthorityofBuraydahibnAlHasib(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)withan
authenticIsnadi.e.chainoftransmitters)ThereareotherHadithstothesameeffect.They
provethatwhoeverdelaysofferingSalahintentionallywithoutalegalexcuseisadisbeliever.
ItisobligatoryupontheMuslimtoofferSalahatitsduetimeandseekthehelpofhisfamily
orfriendstowakehimuportofindanalarmclocktosetittothetimeofSalah.Moreover,no
oneshouldsleepsolatethathewillmissAlFajrSalahevenifoccupiedbypermittedor
recommendablematter,thenwhatisthecasewithprohibitedmatters
suchasunallowablekindsofentertainment,watchingwhatAllahforbidsintelevisionandthe
like.MayAllahsettheconditionsofeveryoneright.Dearquestioner,youshouldhelphimoffer
Salahandadvisehim.Ifhepersistsinhiswrongdoing,youcaninformthoseinauthorityabout
himsothattheypunishhimwithwhathedeserves.Itisworthmentioningthatyouarenot
requiredtowakehimupifhepersistsinhisevildoing,neglectingyoureffort,andavoidingthe
usefulmeans.WeprayAllahtograntallguidanceandadherencetoright.
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Therulingonthepersonwhodoesnotwakeuphisfamily
forFajr(Dawn)PrayerexceptaftercomingbackfromtheMasjid(mosque)
Q:ThankstoAllah,IwakeupforFajr(Dawn)PrayerbutIdonotwakeupmyfamilyexcept
aftercomingbackfromtheMasjidsowhatistherulingonthisaction?MayAllahrewardyou!
A : YouractionispermissibleifyouwakethemupinatimetopurifythemselvesandofferSalah(prayer)
beforesunrise.ItisbetterforyoutowakethemupwhenyouheartheAdhan(calltoPrayer)inorderfor
themtoperformSalahearly.OfferingSalahatthebeginningofitsduetimeisbetter.Ifitisdifficultto
awakenthembeforeSalahfearingthatyouwillmissthecongregationalSalah,go,performSalah,andwake
themupwhenyoureturn.However,itisbesttoawakenthembeforetheAdhan
toperformtheSalahatitsduetimeandhaveperformedWitr(Prayerwithanoddnumberofunits).Ifthey
havenotofferedWitr,itispermissibletowakethemupbeforetheFajr(DawnPrayer)toallowenoughtime
toofferWitrbeforetheFajrAdhan(calltoPrayer)astheprophet(peacebeuponhim)usedtodowithhis
family.
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AuthenticityoftheHadithwhichstates,"DelayFajrPrayer,asithasagreatreward"
Q:SomepeopledelayofferingtheFajr(Dawn)Prayeruntilthedaybreaks,dependingonthe
Hadithwhichstates, OffertheFajr(Dawn)Prayerwhenthedawnbeginstoshine,foritisgreatinreward. Isthis
HadithSahih(authentic)?HowcanwecombinebetweenitandtheHadithwhichstates, Offer
Salahatitsappointedtime ?
A : ThementionedHadithisSahih.ItwasrelatedbyImamAhmadandAhlulSunan(authorsofHadith
compilationsclassifiedbyjurisprudentialthemes)withaSahihIsnad(chainofnarration)ontheauthorityof
RafiìbnKhadij(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim).ItdoesnotcontradicttheSahihHadithwhichstatesthatthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)usedtooffertheFajrPrayerwhileitwasstilldark,nordoesitcontradictthe
Hadithwhichstates, OfferSalahatitsappointedtime. AccordingtotheJumhur(dominantmajorityofscholars),
thisHadithmeanstodelaytheFajrPrayeruntilyouaresurethatitistimeforit,andthenitshouldbe
offeredbeforedarknesslifts,likewhattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)usedtodo,exceptinMuzdalifah
whereitisbettertoofferitearly,astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didthisintheFarewellHajj.
Thus,theHadithsauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)aboutthetimingoftheFajr
Prayercanbecombined,giventhatallthisisoutofpreference.
Itispermissibletodelayituntiltheendofitstime,immediatelybeforesunrise,accordingtothesayingof
theProphet(peacebeuponhim), ThetimeoftheFajrprayerisfromtheappearanceofdawn,aslongasthesunhasnot
risen. RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahihBookofHadithontheauthorityofÀbdullahibnÀmribnAlÀs(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim).
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ThetimeofofferingAdhanandAlFajr(Dawn)Prayer
Q:Inourdistrict,AdhanofAlFajrPrayerissaidonehourandfortyminutesbeforesunrise.
WeofferAlFajrPrayerabouttwentyminutesaftertheAdhanwhichmeansthatweofferit
aboutonehourandtwentyminutesbeforesunrise.Doesthistimecorrespondtothe
prescribedtimeofofferingAlFajrSalah?
A : YourSalahiscorrectbecausethetimebetweendawnbreakandsunriseinmostcasesisaboutonehour
andhalfbutifyoudelayeditandofferedAlFajrSalahaboutonehouroronehourandfiveminutesbefore
sunriseitissaferandbetter.AsforannouncingAdhan(calltoSalah)onehourandfortyminutesbefore
sunrise,itsoearlyforitisbeforetheduetimeanddelayingittothetimeaboutonehourandhalfbefore
sunriseisbetterforitcorrespondstotheoccurrenceofitsduetime.Similarly,offeringAlFajrSalahone
hourorslightlymoreisbetterasthisisitsduetimeforthetimebetweendawnbreakandsunriseis
generallyonehourandhalf,oronehourandtwentyfiveminutes,
orso.AbelievershouldtakecareofthisandnothasteninperformingAdhanorSalah.Delayingthemis
betterinthesecasestilloneissureofthecomingoftheduetime.
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HowtoperformSalahinplaceswhere
thenightordayislong?
Q:Nightordaymaylastforalongtimeinsomecountries,whileinotherstheymaybeso
shortpeopledonothaveenoughtimeforthefiveobligatorySalah.Howshouldtheresidents
insuchcountriesperformtheirSalah?
A : Itisobligatoryontheresidentsoftheseareasinwhichdayornightislongtoofferthefive
dailySalahbyestimating,ifthesundoesnotdeclineorsetfor24hours.Itisreportedfrom
theProphet(peacebeuponhim)intheHadithofAlNawwasibnSamàncompiledinSahihMuslim
concerningtheAntichristwhosedayislikeayear.TheSahabahaskedtheMessengerofAllah
(peacebeuponhim)aboutSalahduringthislongday,hesaid: No,butyoumustmakeanestimationof
time(andthenobserveprayer).
ThesameruleisappliedtotheseconddayofthedaysoftheAntichristwhoselengthislikea
monthandthethirddaythatisequaltoaweek.
Asforplacesinwhichnightisveryshortbutdaytimeislong,orviceversawithin24hours,its
rulingisobvious.TheyshouldofferSalahexactlyastheregulardays,evenifthenightorday
istooshortaccordingtothegeneralproofs.MayAllahgrantussuccess!
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Salahwithcigarettesinone'spocket
Q:WhatistherulingonapersonwhoperformsSalahwhilecarryingcigarettesintheir
pocketswhetherforgetfullyordeliberately?
A : Smokingisamongtheprohibitedandharmfulmatters.ItisoneoftheevilsthatAllah(Glorifiedand
ExaltedbeHe)prohibited.Likewise,allintoxicantsincludingallsortsofwineandkhatthatisknownbythe
peopleofYemenandothersareallforbiddenbecauseofthegraveharmtheyincur.Manyscholarsstatedits
prohibition.
Smokingisagreatevilandcausesharm.Therefore,itisnotpermissibletosmokecigarettes,sellor
purchasethemortradeinthem.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)saysinHisNobleBook: Theyaskyou(OMuhammad
)whatislawfulforthem(asfood).Say:"LawfuluntoyouareAtTayyibt[allkindofHall(lawfulgood)foodswhich
Allhhasmadelawful(meatofslaughteredeatableanimals,milkproducts,fats,vegetablesandfruits)]. Allah(ExaltedbeHe)
doesnotpermitevilthings.Sincetobaccoisnotgoodorusefulbutbadintaste,smell,andisinjurious,forit
maycauseheartfailureandotherdangerousdiseasessuchascancerasstatedbyphysicians,itisforbidden.
Inconclusion,cigarettesareharmfulandinjurious.Soitisnotpermissibletosell,purchase,ortradein
them.
OfferingSalahwithcigarettesareinone'spockethasnoeffectonthevalidityofSalahfortheyareprocessed
fromaprohibitedandabominableplantasstatedaboveandnotanimpureone.So,ifapersonoffersSalah
whilecigarettesareintheirpocketswhetherwillfullyorforgetfully,theirSalahisvalidbutitisnecessaryto
getridofthemandrepenttoAllahfromconsumingthem.
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DoubtingNajasahonclotheswhilepraying
Q:M.E.Z.asks:IfanImam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)doubtsthatthereis
Najasah(ritualimpurity)onhisclothes,butdoesnotinterruptSalah(Prayer).Afterhe
finishesSalah,hefindsNajasahonthem,whatistherulingonthismatter?Shouldhe
interruptSalahifhedoubtsthisorwaituntiltheendofSalah?
A : IfapersondoubtsthereisNajasahontheirclothesduringSalah,itisnotpermissibletointerruptit,be
heanImam,aMa'mum(apersonbeingledbyanImaminPrayer)orapersonofferingSalahalone.Rather,
theyshouldcontinueSalah.IftheyknowlaterthatthereisNajasahontheirclothes,theydonothaveto
makeupforthisSalah.Thisisaccordingtothemorecorrectofthetwoscholarlyopinions,astheyweresure
ofitonlyafterSalah.
ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)thathetookoffhisshoesduringSalah
whenJibril(Gabriel,peacebeuponhim)toldhimthattheyhadfilthonthem.HedidnotrepeatSalahhe
continuedit.
However,ifapersonoffersSalahwhilebelievingtohavebeeninastateofTaharah(ritualpurity),andthen
remembersthathehadpassedwindordidnotperformGhusl(ritualbathfollowingmajorritualimpurity),
heshouldperformTaharahandrepeatSalahaccordingtotheIjma`(consensusofscholars).TheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)said: SalahisnotacceptedwithoutTaharah,norisSadaqah(voluntarycharity)acceptedoutofillgotten
wealth. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)also
said: NoneofyourPrayerswillbeacceptedifyouareinastateofimpurity,untilyouperformWudu'(ablution). (Agreedupon
byAlBukhariandMuslim)
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DiscoveringNajasahonclothesafterSalah
Q:E.S.M.fromRiyadhsays:AmanofferedSalah(Prayer),andlaterfoundNajasah(ritual
impurity)onhisclothes.ShouldherepeatSalah?Itistobenotedthatthistookplacefive
monthsago.
A : IfthismanonlyknewabouttheNajasahaftertheendofSalah,hisSalahisvalid.WhentheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)wastoldbyJibril(Gabriel)duringSalahthathisshoeshadfilthonthem,hetookthem
off,butdidnotrepeatSalah.
IfheknewaboutitbeforetheSalah,butthenforgotandrememberedjustaftertheSalah,thereisnoharm
onhim,accordingtoAllah'sSaying(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe): OurLord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallinto
e r r o r ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid: Allahhasrespondedto
thatDuà'(supplication). (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)
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Salahofwhofindsbloodstainsonclothes
Q:Ifapersonfindsbloodstainsontheirclothes,shouldtheyofferSalah(Prayer)while
wearingthemorwaituntiltheygetcleanclothes?
A : IftheyarenotabletowashthemorchangethemwithTahir(rituallypure)clothes,theyshouldoffer
Salahastheyare,andnotwaituntilthetimeofSalahcomestoanend.ThisisaccordingtoAllah'sSaying:
SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan
AMuslimshouldwashoffthebloodstainsorreplacetheirclotheswithTahironesifpossible.Ifnot
possible,theyshouldofferSalahastheyare,andtheydonothavetorepeatit.Thisisaccordingtothe
previouslymentionedAyah(Qur'anicverse),andaccordingtothesayingoftheProphet(peacebeupon
him): IfIforbidyoufromdoingsomething,avoiditandifIorderyoutodosomething,doasmuchofitasyoucan. (Agreed
uponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
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RulingontheSalahofsomeonewhoseclothesandbodyhasbeensoiledwithhislittle
daughter'sNajasah
Q:ThequestionerisM.H.MfromMakkahsays:"WhileIwasofferingSalah(Prayer),my
daughterwhoislessthansevenyearsoldtouchedme,andshehadwetherself,somybody
andclothesbecamesoiledwithurine.WhatistherulingonmySalah?"
A : IfyoucametoknowthisonlyafterSalah,yourSalahisvalid.IfapersonhasNajasah(ritualimpurity)in
theirbodyorclothes,andremembersitonlyafterSalah,theirSalahisvalidaccordingtoAllah'ssaying: Our
Lord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallintoerror
ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)thathesaid: Allah(mayHebe
Glorified)said:'Ihavedone.' ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim) that
heoncebegantoofferSalahwhiletherewassomeNajasahonhisshoes.Jibril(Gabriel)informedhimofthismatter,sohe(peacebe
uponhim)tookthemoffandcontinuedhisSalahwithoutrepeatingit. Thisindicatesthatignoranceoftheexistenceof
NajasahduringSalahisanexcuseforthosewhoareignorantofituntiltheendofSalah,andforthosewho
aretoldaboutitduringSalahsotheytakeitoff,whetheritistheirshoes,turbanoranything.MayAllah
grantussuccess!
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Children'surineonfurnitureandclothes
Q:M.C.EfromRa'sAlKhaymahsays:"Iamanold,blindwoman,andIhaveanumberofyoung
children.Ialwaysfeelthattheyhavewetmyclothesandthefurniture.SometimesIdiscover
itandwashmyclothes,andsometimesIdiscoveritonlyafterSalah(Prayer).Idonothave
anyonetohelpmewithcleaning.HowcanIofferSalah?CanIignoredoubtandactonlyupon
certainty?Pleaseadvise,mayAllahrewardyou!
A : IfyouknowthatthereisanyNajasah(ritualimpurity),youshouldwashitbeforeSalah,whetheritisin
theclothesoronyourbody.IfyoudiscoveritonlyafterSalah,youdonothavetorepeatSalahaccordingto
themostauthenticopinionofscholars.Allah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: OurLord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallinto
e r r o r ItwasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim)thatAllah(Glorified
andExaltedbeHe)hasacceptedthisDuà'(supplication).ItwasalsoauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)wasonceofferingSalahinhisshoeswhenJibril(Gabriel)toldhimthattheyhadfilthin
them,sohetookthemoffandcontinuedhisSalah.
AsforNajasahonthefloororthefurniture,youshouldpouralotofwateroverittopurifyit.Itwas
authenticallyreportedfromAbuHurayrahandAnas(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem)that ABedouinurinatedinthe
Masjid(mosque),sotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)calledforabucketofwaterandpoureditovertheurine.
YoucanalsoseekthehelpofMahrams(unmarriageablerelatives)orwomenwhovisityouindetermining
theplacesthataresoiledwithurineandpouringwateroverthem.
MayAllahguideyouandustowhatpleasesHimandclearsourconscience!
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OfferingSalahinuncleanclothesunknowingly
Q:IfapersonfindsNajasah(ritualimpurity)ontheirclothesafterSalah(Prayer),shouldthey
repeatSalah?
A : IfapersonoffersSalahwhilethereisNajasahontheirbodyorclothes,anddiscoversitonlyafterSalah,
theirSalahisvalidaccordingtothemorecorrectofthetwoopinionsofthescholars.Ifthepersondiscovers
itbeforeSalah,butforgetsitandoffersSalah,andremembersonlyafterfinishingit,theirSalahisvalidas
well,asAllah(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe)says: OurLord!Punishusnotifweforgetorfallintoerror Allahsaid,"I
havedone." ThiswasauthenticallyreportedfromtheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim).He(peacebe
uponhim)wasonceofferingSalahwhilewearinghisshoesthathadfilthonthem,soJibril(Gabriel)told
himtotakethemoff,andhecontinuedhisSalahnormally.ThisisoutofAllah'sfacilitationtoHisServants.
However,ifapersonoffersSalahwhileforgettingmajorandminorritualimpurity,theyshouldrepeatit
accordingtoIjma`(consensusofscholars).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Salahisnotacceptedwithout
Taharah(ritualpurification),norisSadaqah(voluntarycharity)acceptedoutof
i l lgottenwealth. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Noneof

yourSalahwillbeacceptedifyouareinastateofritualimpurity,untilyouperformWudu'(ablution). (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariand
Muslim)
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RulingonwhooffersSalahwhile
hisfeetsoiledwithNajasah
Q:QuestionerM.A.says:IfaMuslimoffersSalah(Prayer)whilebeingTahir(rituallypure),but
thereisNajasah(ritualimpurity)ontheirfeetoranypartoftheirbodies,andtheydidnot
repeatSalah,aretheyconsideredKafirs(disbelievers)orjustsinners?Assalamuàlaykum
warahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!).
A:WaÀlaikumAssalamwarahmatullahwabarakatuh!
ThisdoesnotleadtoKufr(disbelief).ThepersondoesnothavetorepeatSalahiftheyareignorantor
obliviousofthepresenceofNajasah.However,iftheyareawareofthepresenceofNajasahduringSalah,
theyhavetorepeatit,ifitisoneoftheFiveObligatoryDailyPrayers,andperformTawbah(repentanceto
Allah).
MayAllahguideeveryonetowhatpleasesHim!Assalamuàlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh!
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RulingonapersonwhosenosebleedsduringSalah
Q:WhatistherulingonapersonwhosenosebleedsduringSalah(Prayer)?
A : Ifitislittleblood,thereisnoharminthattheycanwipeitwithahandkerchieforso.However,ifitis
heavybleeding,theyshouldinterruptSalahtohandleit.Itisprescribedinthiscasetorepeat
Wudu'(ablution)toavoidthedisagreementofscholarsoverthisissue,andthenrepeatSalah.Ifaperson
alsohasminorritualimpurityduringSalah,suchaspassingwindordroppingurine,theyshouldinterrupt
Salah,performWudu'andrepeatSalahagain.
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RulingonofferingSalahinpublicparks,
giventhattheyareirrigatedwithwaterthathasafoulodor
Q:ThequesstionerS.E.WfromRiyadhsays:"WhatistherulingonofferingSalah(Prayer)in
publicparks,giventhattheyareirrigatedwithwaterthathasafoulodor?Iknewthat
thiswaterisreclaimedwater,orcomesfromwaterwellsmixedwithimpurewater.Should
theCommitteepreventthepeoplefromofferingSalahinthoseparks?Pleaseclarifythe
correctrulinginthisissue."
A : Sincethereisafoulodorcomingfromthoseparks,Salahthereisnotvalid.Oneofthe
conditionsofthevalidityofSalahistheTaharah(ritualpurification)oftheplacewhereSalah
isoffered.Ifathick,Tahir(rituallypure)barrierisputontheground,Salahtherebecomes
valid.However,aMuslimshouldnotofferSalahintheparks,evenonathick,Tahirbarrier.
TheyshouldratherofferSalahwiththeirMuslimbrothersintheMasjids(mosques)about
whichAllah(GlorifiedbeHe)says: Inhouses(mosques)whichAllhhasorderedtoberaised(tobecleaned,andto
behonoured),inthemHisNameisremembered[i.e.Adhan,Iqamah,Salt(prayers),invocations,recitationoftheQurnetc.].
ThereinglorifyHim(Allah)inthemorningsandintheafternoonsortheevenings, Menwhomneithertradenorsale(business)
divertsfromtheRemembranceofAllh(withheartandtongue),norfromperformingAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),norfromgivingthe
Zakt.TheyfearaDaywhenheartsandeyeswillbeoverturned(outofthehorrorofthetormentoftheDayofResurrection). That
Allhmayrewardthemaccordingtothebestoftheirdeeds,andaddevenmoreforthemoutofHisGrace.AndAllhprovideswithout
measuretowhomHewills. TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: WhoeverhearstheAdhan(calltoPrayer)
(RelatedbyIbnMajah,AlDarqutny,
anddoesnotanswerit,theirSalahisnotaccepted,unlesstheyhaveanexcuse.
IbnHibbanandAlHakim.)ItsIsnad(chainofnarrators)meetstheconditionsofMuslim. Ablind
manaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim):"O,MessengerofAllah!IhavenoguidetoaccompanymetotheMasjid.DoIhave
Rukhsah(concession)toofferSalahathome?"TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)askedhim:"DoyouheartheAdhan?"
Themansaid:"Yes."Hesaid:"Then,answerit." (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith.)
TherearemanyHadithsthatstressthismeaning.TheCommitteeforthePropagationofVirtueandthePreventionofVice(CPVPV)
shouldpreventpeoplefromofferingSalahinparks,andaskthemtoofferitintheMasjids,accordingtoAllah'ssaying: Helpyouone
anotherinAlBirrandAtTaqw(virtue,righteousnessandpiety) He(GlorifiedbeHe)alsosays: Thebelievers,menandwomen,
areAuliy (helpers,supporters,friends,protectors)ofoneanothertheyenjoin(onthepeople)AlMarf(i.e.IslmicMonotheism
andallthatIslmordersonetodo),andforbid(people)fromAlMunkar(i.e.polytheismanddisbeliefofallkinds,andallthatIslm
hasforbidden) TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Whoever,amongyou,seessomethingMunkar(thatwhichisunacceptableor
disapprovedofbyIslamiclawandMuslimsofsoundintellect)shouldrectifyitwiththeirhand.Iftheyhavenotstrengthenoughtodo
it,theyshoulddoitwiththetongue.Iftheyhavenotstrengthenoughtodoit,theyshould(abhorit)fromtheheart,andthatisthe
leastofIman(Faith). (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahihBookofHadith)
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RulingonuncoveringtheheadduringSalah
Q:WhatistherulingonanImam(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)whodoesnot
coverhisheadduringSalah(Prayer)?
A : Thereisnoharminthis,astheheadisnotpartoftheÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbe
coveredinpublic)duringSalah.HeshouldonlywearanIzar(garmentwornbelowthewaist)anda
Rida'(garmentwornaroundtheupperpartofthebody),accordingtothesayingoftheProphet(peacebe
uponhim): NoneofyoushouldofferSalahinasinglecloth,noneofwhichiscoveringhisshoulders. However,ifhegrooms
himselfanddressesneatly,thatwillbebetter,accordingtoAllah'ssaying(GlorifiedandExaltedbeHe),
OChildrenofAdam!Takeyouradornment(bywearingyourcleanclothes),whilepraying[andgoinground(theTawfof)the
Ifhelivesinacountrywhosepeoplearenotusedtocovertheirheads,thereisnoharmin
K a bah,]
uncoveringit.
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RulingonofferingSalahwithoutaturban
Q:IsitpermissibletoofferSalah(Prayer)withoutaturban?IsitpermissiblefortheImam
(theonewholeadscongregationalPrayer)topraywithoutaheadcover?Iswearingacap
sufficient?Pleasesupportyouranswerwithevidences.MayAllahprotectyou!Assalamu
àlaykumwarahmatullahwabarakatuh(MayAllah'sPeace,Mercy,andBlessingsbeuponyou!)
A : ThereisnothingwrongwithofferingSalahwithoutaturbanbecausetheheadisnotÀwrah(private
partsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic),anditisnotobligatorytocoveritwhenofferingSalah,
whetheroneisprayingasanImam,prayingalone,orfollowinganImam.However,ifwearingaturbanis
customarythenitisbesttodoit,especiallywhenofferingSalahwithothers.Allah(GlorifiedandExaltedbe
He)states: OChildrenofAdam!Takeyouradornment(bywearingyourcleanclothes),whilepraying[andgoinground(theTawf
of)theKabah,] Theturbanisconsideredatypeofadornment.
ItiswellknownthatmenwhoareMuhrims(pilgrimsintheritualstateforHajjandÙmrah)offerSalah
bareheaded,becausetheyarenotallowedtocovertheirheadswhileinIhram(ritualstateforHajjand
Ùmrah).HenceitisknownthatthereisnothingwrongwithofferingSalahbareheaded.
MayAllahguidealltoacquirebeneficialknowledgeandactuponit!HeistheAllHearerandAllRespondent.
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RulingonwomenofferingSalahwithoutcoveringtheirheads
Q:IfawomanwhodoesnotwearHijab(veil)accordingtotheShariàh(Islamiclaw)wantsto
offerSalah,whilepartofherhairorherlegsisuncoveredduetocertaincircumstances,what
istherulingonthisregard?
A : First,HijabisWajib(obligatory)uponthewomanitisnotpermissibleforhertoabandonorneglect
wearingit.IfthetimeofSalah(Prayer)isduewhiletheMuslimwomanwhodoesnotwearHijabordoes
notwearmodestdress,thismatterneedsfurtherdiscussion:
1IfshedoesnotwearHijabormodestdressduetocompellingcircumstances,sheshouldofferSalahas
sheisandherSalahisvalidandthereisnoblameonher.Allah(ExaltedbeHe)states: Allhburdensnota
personbeyondhisscope. He(GlorifiedbeHe)states: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan
2IfshedoesnotwearHijabormodestdressforoptionalmatterssuchasfollowingcustomsandtraditions,
etc.,
ifsheuncoversonlyherfaceandhands,herSalahisvalidandsheistoblameifsheisinthepresenceof
Ajanib(menlawfulforthewomantomarry)men.Ifsheuncoversherlegs,arm,hair,etc.,
itisnotpermissibleforhertoofferSalahinthiscaseandifshedoes,herSalahisnotvalidandsheissinful
fortworeasons:
OntheonehandsheisuncoveredinthepresenceofmenwhoarenotMahrams(spouseorunmarriageable
relatives)forher,andontheotherhandsheperformedSalahinthisstate.
However,iftherearenononMahrams(notunmarriageablerelatives),theactofSunnah(whateveris
reportedfromtheProphet)istouncoverherfacewhileofferingSalah,andasforthehands,theyare
optional,shemaycoveroruncoverthematherwill,accordingtothemostpreponderantviewofscholars.
However,itisbesttocoverthem.
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RulingonputtingacloakovertheshouldersduringSalah
Q:AMuslimsisterfromAbhainquires:"Whatistherulingonputtingacloakovertheshoulder
whileofferingSalah(Prayer),bearinginmindthattherearenomenpresentinthesame
place?
A : Itisnotpermissibleforawomantoputacloakoverhershoulders,forthisentailsresemblingmen.Itis
authenticallyreportedthattheMessengerofAllah(peacebeuponhim) cursedthemenwhoareinsimilitude
(assumethemanners)ofwomenandwomenwhoareinsimilitude(assumethemanners)ofmen.
However,sheshouldcoverallherbodyforSalahinanotherway.
Asfortheface,theactofSunnah(whateverisreportedfromtheProphet)forthewomanisthatshe
uncoversherfaceinSalah,providedthatthereisnononMahram(notaspouseoranunmarriageable
relative)present.
Asforthehands,itisbettertocoverthem,basedonthegeneralityoftherelatedproofs.
MayAllahgrantallsuccess!
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Manywomenneglecttocover
theirarmsorlegswhileofferingSalah
Q:ManywomendonotstrictlyobservethecodeofdresswhileofferingSalah(Prayer),aspart
oftheirarms,feetorevenlegsmaybeuncoveredistheirSalah(Prayer)hencevalid?
A : ItisobligatoryuponafreeMukallaf(personmeetingtheconditionstobeheldlegallyaccountablefor
theiractions)womantocoverallofherbodyexceptherfaceandhandswhenofferingSalah,forallofher
bodyisÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic).
IfsheoffersSalahwhilesomeofherÀwrahsuchasherleg,feet,orheadisuncovered,herSalahisnot
valid.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: AllahdoesnotaccepttheSalahofamenstruatingwoman(i.e.anadult
woman)unless(shecoversherhead)withaheadcover. [RelatedbyAhmadandtheFourCompilersofHadith
(ImamsAbuDawud,AlTirmidhy,AlNasa'yandIbnMajah)exceptAlNasa'ythroughaSahih(authentic)
Sanad(chainofnarrators)]TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: AwomanisÀwrah(i.e.herentirebody
mustbecovered). ItisreportedbyAbuDawud(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)ontheauthorityofUmSalamah
(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thatsheaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)if awomancanofferSalahina
longdressandKhimar(veilcoveringtothewaist)withoutIzar(garmentwornbelowthewaist).TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
replied:Thiswillbevalidifthedressislong,coveringallofherbody,andcoversthesurfaceofherfeet."
A lHafizIbnHajar(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)saidinhisbookentitledBulughulMaram:Thescholars
hadclassedthisHadithasanauthenticHadithMawquf(wordsordeedsnarratedfromaCompanionofthe
ProphetthatarenotattributedtotheProphet))ontheauthorityofUmSalamah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
her).IfthereisamanwhoisnonMahram(notaspouseoranunmarriageablerelative)present,sheshould
coverherfaceandhands.
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TherulingonofferingSalahinlightclothesthatreveal
theÀwrah
Q:Mr.M.Z.A.fromRasAlKhaimahasks,"WeobservethatsomepeopleperformSalahwhile
wearinglightclotheswhichonecouldseetheirskinthroughthem.Theydonotwearlong
trousersunderthemwhatistherulingonofferingSalahintheseclothes?Please,advise.May
AllahgrantyouthebestrewardforyourservicesforIslamandMuslims!
A : ItisobligatoryupontheoneofferingSalahtocoverhisÀwrah(privatepartsofthebody
thatmustbecoveredinpublic)inSalahaccordingtotheconsensusofMuslimscholars.Itis
notpermissibleforamanorawomantoofferSalahwhileuncovered.
Thewomen'spartsofÀwraharemorethanthoseofman,fortheÀwrahofmanisbetween
thenavalandthekneealongwithcoveringthetwoshouldersoroneofthemifpossible.Itis
reportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidtoJabir(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim), If
thegarmentislargeenough,wrapitroundthebody(coveringtheshoulders)andifitistight(tooshort),thenuseitasanIzar(tieit
aroundyourwaistonly). (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim).ItisalsoreportedfromAbuHurayrah
(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, Noneofyoushouldoffer
Salahinonedresswithnothingofitover(covering)hisshoulder. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)Asfor
thewoman,herentirebodyduringSalahisÀwrahexceptherface.
Scholarshavedisagreedwithregardtohands:
Somedeemitobligatorytocoverthemandotherspermithertouncoverthem.Thematteris
flexiblebutcoveringthemisbetterinordertoavoidthescholarlydisputeinthisregard.
ItisobligatorytocoverthefeetduringSalahaccordingtothemajorityofscholars.
ItisnarratedbyAbuDawud(mayAllahconfermercyuponhim)ontheauthorityofUmSalamah(may
Allahbepleasedwithher)thatsheaskedtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)whetheritis
permissibleforwomantoofferSalahinalongdressandaveilwithoutwearingalower
garment?Hereplied, [Shemaypray],ifthedressislong,flowing,andcoversthesurfaceofherfeet. AlHafizIbn
Hajar(mayAllahbemercifulwithhim)saidinhisbookinBulughulMaram,"TheHadith
ScholarsclassedthisreportasanauthenticsayingofUmSalamah(mayAllahbepleasedwith
her).
Accordingtowhatwementioned,itisobligatoryonamanandwomantowearscreening
clothesforiftheclothesaretoolighttocovertheÀwrah,Salahbecomesinvalid.Thisapplies
totheshortunderpantsthatmenwearwhichdonotcovertheirthighs,iftheydonotwear
overthemsomethingthatcoverthethighs.Consequently,offeringSalahintheseclothes
invalidatesSalah.Onanequalfooting,ifawomanwearslightclothesthatdonotscreenher
Àwrah,herSalahbecomesinvalid.OneshouldputinmindthatSalahistheprincipalelement
ofIslamandthegreatestofitspillarsafterthetwoShahadahs(declarationsofFaith).
Accordingly,itisnecessaryforallMuslims,malesandfemales,topaygreatattentiontoit,
fulfillitsconditions,andavoidthecausesthatinvalidateit.Allah(glorybetoHim)says, Guard
strictly(fiveobligatory)AsSalawt(theprayers)especiallythemiddleSalt(i.e.thebestprayerAsr). He(ExaltedbeHe)
alsosays, andperformAsSalt(IqmatasSalt),andgiveZakt.
Undoubtedly,fulfillingtheconditionsanddutiesofSalahisimpliedintheaforementioned
Ayah(Qura'nicVerse)thatcommandsobservingandperformingitinthebestmanner.
However,ifawomanisofferingSalahinthepresenceofamarriageableman,sheshould
coverherface.ThisrulingappliestoTawaf(circumambulation)ofKa`bah,forittakesthe
samerulingofSalah.AllahistheOneWhobringssuccess.
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OfferingSalahinseethroughclotheswithoutwearingtrousers
Q:AquestionerfromYemensays:SomepeopleofferSalahwhilewearingseethrough
clothing.Theydonotweartrousers.IstheirSalahvalid?Pleaseadvise.
A : ItisWajib(obligatory)uponamantocoverthepartbetweenthenavelandtheknees.Ifheiswearinga
seethroughgarment,hisSalahisnotvalid.However,thereisnoharmifthegarmentcoversthethighsand
theÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic)anddoesnotrevealhisskin.Thereis
noharmalsoifthetrouserscoverthepartbetweenthenavelandtheknee.Itispermissibleforamanto
coveroneortwoofhisshouldersfortheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said: Amanshouldnotprayinasingle
cloth,noneofwhichisover(covering)hisshoulder. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
Awomanshouldcoverallherbodyandherclothesshouldbethicktheyshouldnotrevealherskinexcept
forherfaceduringSalahonly.
Itispermissibletouncoverherhandsbutitisbettertocoverthem.ItisnotpermissibletoofferSalahwhile
wearingseethroughclothesthatrevealthecolorofherskin.SheshouldcoverherhandsbeforeAjnaby
(manlawfulforthewomantomarry).
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RulingonSalahinthinclothes
Q:DothinclothesscreentheÀwrah(partsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic)or
not?IsSalahvalidwhenaMuslimoffersitwhilewearingsuchclothes?
A : Ifthegarmentreferredtodoesnotconcealtheskinbecauseitisthinorlight,amancannotprayinit
unlessheiswearingtrousersoranIzar(garmentwornbelowthewaist)underneathtocoverthearea
betweenthenavelandtheknees.
Asforawoman,ifshepraysinlightorthinclotheslikethisgarment,Salahisinvalidunlesssheiswearing
somethingunderneaththatcoversherentirebody.
Shortpantsunderneaththegarmentinquestionarenotsufficientandifamanpraysinsuchagarment,he
shouldalsowearanundershirtorsomethingelsetocoverhisshoulders,oroneofthem,becausethe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said: Nooneofyoushouldprayinasinglegarment,nothingofwhichisoverhisshoulders.
(AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
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RulingonSalahintrousers
Q:À.ÀfromRiyadhasks:WhatistherulingonofferingSalahwhilewearingtrousers,
especiallysomepartsofÀwrah(privatepartsofthebodythatmustbecoveredinpublic)
maybeuncoveredwhenperformingRuku`(bowing)andSujud(prostration)?
A : AmanmayofferSalahwhilewearingtrousersthatcoverthepartbetweenthenavelandthekneesand
areloose.However,itisbettertowearQamis(longshirt)thatcoversthepartbetweenthenaveltothe
middleofthelegortotheknees.ItisbettertoperformSalahwhilewearingIzar(garmentwornbelowthe
waist)thanwearingtrousers,fortheIzarcoversmorethanthetrousers.
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RulingoncoveringshouldersinSalah
Q:DuringthedaysofHajjsomepeopleoffertheObligatorySalah(Prayers)withtheir
shouldersuncoveredwhilewearingIhram(clothingwornduringtheritualstateforHajjand
Ùmrah).Whatistherulingonthismatter?
A : ThereisnoharmifapersonisincapableofcoveringhisshoulderswhenofferingSalah.Allah(Glorified
beHe)says: SokeepyourdutytoAllhandfearHimasmuchasyoucan TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidto
JabiribnÀbdullah(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth): Ifthegarmentislargeenough,wrapitroundthebody
(coveringtheshoulders)andifitistight(tooshort)thenuseitasanIzar(tieitaroundyourwaistonly.) (AgreeduponbyAl
BukhariandMuslim)
IfoneisabletocoveroneorbothshouldersinSalah,yetneglectsthis,theirSalahwillbeinvalidsincein
suchacasetheyareobligedtocoverthemaccordingtothemorecorrectofthetwoopinionsofscholars.
ThisisbasedontheHadithinwhichtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)says: Noneofyoushouldofferprayerina
singlegarmentthatdoesnotcovertheshoulders. (AgreeduponbyAlBukhariandMuslim)
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OfferingPrayeringarmentswithpicturesofanimalsdrawnonthem
Q:Abrotherfromthecityof A lLadhiqiyyah,Syriaasks:Kindlyenlightenmeregarding
offeringSalah(Prayer)ingarmentswithpicturesofanimalsdrawnonthem.MayAllahreward
youbest!
A : AMuslimisnotallowedtoweargarmentswithpicturesofanimalsdrawnonthembecausetheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)cursedMusawwirs(onewhomakespicturesandstatues,orphotographsofliving
beings)andinformedusthattheywillbetorturedontheDayofResurrection.Theywillbeaskedtobreathe
lifeintotheirpictures.TheProphetalsoorderedthatdrawingsandpicturesshouldbeobliterated.Whenthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)sawpicturesdrawnonacurtainatÀisha'shouse,hebecameangryandtook
themdown.However,ifoneoffersSalahinsuchclothes,itwillbeconsideredasvalid,becausethe
prohibitionofTaswir(painting,drawing,sculpture,andphotography)isgeneralandisnotspecificto
offeringSalah.OfferingSalahintheseclothestakesthesamerulingofofferingitinastolengarment.Salah
offeredbyaMuslimmaninasilkgarmentisvalidaccordingtothemostcorrectofthetwoviewsheldby
scholars.However,onewhooffersSalahintheseclothesmustofferTawbah(repentance)toAllahand
determinenottorepeatthisagain.
Thereisnothingwrong,however,withpicturesdrawnoncarpetsorpillowsandotherthingsofthissort
whicharemeantforuse.ItwasauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotprohibit
this.HoweverasforTaswiritself,itisabsolutelyprohibitedwhethertheobjectsproducedarehungonwalls
orwalkedon.ThisisbasedonthegeneralprohibitionimpliedintheHadithswhichcurseMusawwirs(people
whomakepicturesandstatues,orphotographsoflivingbeings).
MayAllahgrantussuccess.
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OfferingPrayerwhilewearingawatchwithapictureorcrossinit
Q:BrotherIbrahimfromthesouthregionsays,isitpermissibletoofferSalah(Prayer)while
wearingawatchwithpicturesofanimalsoracrosslikeshapeonit?
A : Thereisnoharmifthepicturesonthewatcharecoveredandinvisibleotherwise,itisprohibitedtooffer
Salahwhilewearingit,foritisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)orderedÀli(may
Allahbepleasedwithhim): Leavenopictureundefaced.
Itisprohibitedtowearwatchesthatcontaincrosslikeshapes.Thesecrosslikeshapesmustbescratchedoff
first.ItisauthenticallyreportedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)woulddisfigureanycrosslikeshapes.
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Carryingphotographswhilepraying
Q:WhatistherulingonofferingSalah(Prayer),whileanumberofcardsthathavephotosin
thepocket,suchasalicense,businesscard,etc?
A : TheSalahisvalid,ascarryingsuchphotosdoesnotrenderone'sSalahinvalid,foroneiscompelledto
andneedstocarrythem.
Asforthephotostakenformemoriesandthelike,theyshouldnotbecarriedorkeptinthehouserather,
theyshouldbediscarded.TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)saidtoAmirAlMuminin(Commanderofthe
Believers),ÀlyibnAbuTalib,(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim): Sparenopicturebutthatyoueraseit,andleavenota
highgraveunleveled. [RelatedbyImamMusliminhisSahih(BookofHadith)] TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
forbadethehangingofpicturesinthehouseandforbadepeoplefromdoingthat. (RelatedbyAlTirmidhyandothers).Itwas
authenticallyreportedontheauthorityofÀishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithhim)
thattheProphet(peacebeuponhim) entereduponherandsawacurtainwhichhadpicturesonit.Thecolorofhisface
underwentachangeandhetoreit(thatcurtain).Hethensaid,"ThemakersofthesepictureswillbepunishedontheDayof
Resurrection,anditwillbesaidtothem,Givelifetowhatyouhavecreated(i.e.,thesepictures)'". (RelatedbyMusliminhis
Sahih)TherearemanyHadithstothesameeffect.
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OfferingSalahinaplacewherepicturesexist
Q:IsitpermissibletoofferSalah(Prayer)inaplacewherepicturesarearoundlike
newspapers,magazines,andbooks,giventhefactthattheymaybekeptinadrawer?Isit
truethatangelsdonotenterahousewherepicturesarethere?
A : Salahofferedproperlyinaplacewherepicturesarearoundisvalid.However,itisbettertolookfora
placewheretherearenopictures.
Asforwhetherangelsdonotentertheplacewherepicturesare,thematterrequiresexplanation:
Angelsdonotenterhouseswherepicturesorstatuesarehungonwallsorputontablesorchairs.Thisis
basedonthegeneralmeaningoftheHadithsnarratedinthisregard.Asforhomeswherepicturesorstatues
arekeptindrawersandarenotnoticeable,itisnotsurewhetherangelsarepreventedfromenteringornot.
However,tobeonthesafeside,thebelievershouldnotkeepanyofthesepicturesunlessthereisaneedfor
them.Hemaykeepthemonconditionthathehastheheadsofstatuescutoffandremoved.
Allahalonegrantssuccess.
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OfferingSalahwhilefacing
shoerackplacedbetweenrows
Q :WhatistherulingonofferingSalahwhilefacingshoeracksplacedbetweenrowsasisthe
caseinsomeMasjids(mosques)?
A : Thereisnothingwrongwiththis.ThesameistruewithboxeswhichcontaincopiesoftheQur'an,books
orotherthingsusedintheMasjid.
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En 10 Majmoo AlFatawa IbnBaz

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En 10 Majmoo AlFatawa IbnBaz

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English Translations of

He was The Mufti of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,

This English Translations are collected from

This file is volume No.10 of 30

Hisstatement(peacebeuponhim): Anyonewhodrinksinavesselofgoldorsilver isageneralprohibition

TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said, "Truly,obedienceisonlyinwhatisgood." Further,he(peacebe

AsforAllah'sSaying, oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itreferstosexual

theQur'an: oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itreferstosexualintercourse,

WithregardtoAllah'sSaying, oryouhavebeenincontactwithwomen(bysexualrelations) itmeanssexual

AsfortheHadithnarratedby Ibn`Umarwhichstates: NeitheramenstruatingwomannoraJunub(inastateof

incasesdictatedbyIslamiclaw. ThisHadithshouldbeunderstoodinthelightoftheotherHadithstating: Ihavebeenorderedto

TheProphetsaid, "WhoeveraccusesaMuslimofdisbeliefisinfactadisbeliever." Thisisreferringtosomeone

i l lgottenwealth. (RelatedbyMusliminhisSahih(authentic)BookofHadith)TheProphet(peacebeuponhim)alsosaid: Noneof

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