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Q1.

Bye:-

Q2. What do you mean by adventure sports?

Ans: adventure sports can be defined as outdoor activities in which participant


competes in a natural environment more against himself/herself than against
others.

Q3. What do you mean by nutrition?

Ans: Nutrition is the science of foods which deals with their dynamic process in
which the food consumed is digested, nutrients are observed, distributed to the
tissue for utilization and wastes dispose off the body.

Q4. Stead food supplement?

Ans: food supplement means nutrient that is added to your diet to nourish your
body that you are not getting in your regular diet. These supplements maybe in the
form of a tablet or powder which can be added to water or milk for consumption.

Q5. What do you mean by ideology?

Ans: it can be stated as a set of conscious and unconscious ideas with makeup one's
goals, expectations and motivation. It can also be a set of ideas proposed by the
dominant class of society to all the members of society.

Q6. What do you mean by Harvard step test?

Ans: Harvard step test is a cardiovascular fitness test. It is also called Aerobic
fitness test. It was developed by Brouha and others in1943. It is used to measure
the cardiovascular Fitness or Aerobic Fitness by checking the recovery rate .

Q7. Ageing:- is a process of gradual changes in the body with the passage of time.
These changes on noticeable after 30's. Ageing in the broadest sense is the
continuous and irreversible decline in the efficiency of various physiological
functions.

Q8. bio-mechanics:- bio is greek word that Refers to life or living things and
mechanics refers to the field of physics and forces is that act on bodies in motion. it
can also be said that bio mechanics is the sturdy of forces and their effects on
living systems.

Q9. what do you mean by body image?

Ans: Body image is both the mental picture that you have of your body and how you
perceive yourself when you look at a mirror. Body image includes the picture of your
body that you have in your mind which may or may not match your body actual
shape, size, height and weight.
Q10. Explain any three objectives of intramurals?

Ans: 1. To provide opportunity to every student to participate in games and sports:-


To provide ample opportunities to every student in games and sports is one of the
major objectives of intramurals. Generally, few students are able to participate in
zonal level and district level games and sports. So, the mass participation of
students from a school is impossible at such levels of compelitions. But in
intramurals each and every student can take part in games and sports. Even every
student is free to participate in the games and sports of his/her choice.

2.To develop the leadership qualities among students. To develop the leadership
qualities among students is another sigificant objective of intramurals. Intramural
activities are helpful in developing leadership qualities among the students who
participate in these activities.

5. To develop the feeling of sportsmanship. To develop the feeling of sportsmanship


is another vital objective of intramurals. Sportsmanship means to show respect and
courtesy to opponents and officials. It also means to. be humble in victory and
gracious in defeat.

Q11. Elaborate the various leadership qualities one inculcates by parjcipating in


adventure sports.

Ans: 1. Energetic. To be energetic is necessary for a leader in the field of physical


education.

2. Friendliness and Affection. Friendliness and affection are also the necessary
qualities for a leader in this profession. These qualities are developed through
physical education programmes and Olympic Games specially during training as
well as competitions.

3.Creative. A leader in the field of physical education should be creative. Such


leader can produce new techniques or ideas, which are needed in the field of
physical education.

4.Good Health. A leader in the field of physical education should have good health.
Such a leader can work for longer duration without any feeling of fatigue.

Q12. Discuss any 4 pitfalls of dieting.

Ans: 1.Skipping meals. It is a fact that if you have good metabolic rate, you can
maintain or lose weight. If it is low you gain weight very easily. So, If you skip meals,
it will lower your metabolism to conserve energy.

2.Intake of calories through drinking. If you want to lose your weight, most probably
you lay stress on not to eat more and not on what you drink. In fact, beverages,
coffee with cream and sugar. sweetened juices and sodas really contribute to
weightgain.

3.Underestimating the calories. It is a fact that most of the persons who go on


dieting usually underestimate the number of calories they consume. So, it is
essential to be more aware about the no. of calories you take in your diet.

4.Intake of labelled foods. Most of the persons who go on dieting usually go for such
food products that carry the label 'lean', 'sugar fre', 'low calories' or 'no fat or fat-
free'. Such type of food is not always the best for losing the weight. In addition, it
does not meet all the requirements of your body.

Q13. Elaborate the three causes of bad posture?

Ans:1. Improper Diet. If we. do not take proper diet. the bones and muscles of the
body become weak. We get fatigue after some time. So, we adopt faulty or bad
posture.

2. By Birth. Poor or bad posture may be by birth. Kyphosis, club foot and dislocation
of hip. are such deformities which are related to birth.

3. Due to accidents. Accidents may cause injuries to the body. These injuries may
further lead to physical deformity or poor posture. In accidents, muscles of the body
may be damaged permanently. This may also lead to poor posture.

4.Lack of Fresh Air and Light. 5. Lack of rest and sleep.

Q14. Explain the role of physical activities in improving the quality of life?

Ans: 1.Enhance the health of heart. Physical activities reduce the risk heart diseases
and stroke. The individuals who remain inactive or do not perform physical activities
have almost double the risk of having a heart attack in comparision to those who
remain physically active.

2. Enhance mental health. Physical activities enhance the mental health of


individuals by relieving anxiety, stress, tension, anger and depression. Physical
activities do not provide only the sensation of "feel good' but also improve general
wellness.

3. Control weight. Physical activities help in controlling weight. It is well known fact
that overweight and obesity usually lead to diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension
and arthritis etc. Those who don't perform physical activities regularly, take more
calories than required.

Q15. Discuss any three psychological traits of women athlete?


Ans: 1. Competitiveness. It is an established fact that males are found to be more
competitive in comparison to females: In fact females are more goal oriented and
perform magnificently in artistic activities such as in gymnastics.

2. Confidence. Research studies conducted in this field show that male


sportspersons are more confident in comparison to female sportspersons. In fact
female athlete have low level of confidence.

3.Self-esteem. Most of the research studies indicate that female athletes have low
self- esteem in comparison to male athletes.

Q16.Discuss any three tests of Kraus-Weber tests.

Q17.Discuss about any six physical (anatomical) differences between males and
females.

Ans: 1. Differences in size. There is a lot of difference in the size of body between
males and females. This difference can be seen directly. The size of body of males
are larger in comparison to the body size of females.

2. Pelvic Region. Generally the pelvic region of females is more open and wide in
comparison to the male pelvic region.

3.Abdomen. Females have larger abdominal cavity than males. This is due to the
fact that this area contains relatively larger visceral organs as well as the additional
organs of reproduction.

Q18. What do you mean by laceration? How can you manage laceration?

Ans: A laceration- is an irregular cut in the skin from a sharp object or sharp edged
sports equipment.

Management of Laceration:-

1. First of all you should control bleeding before anything else. To stop bleeding put
pressure directly on the laceration while holding it above the level of heart for 15
minutes. If you are unable to stop bleeding try to use pressure points.

2. Once bleeding has stopped, wash the laceration with warm water and mild soap,
If bleeding starts again. repeat the step one.

3. Determine if the laceration requires stitches. If the affected person requires


stitches go to the doctor.

4. For simple lacerations which do not require stitches, use antiseptic ointment.

5. Cover the laceration with sterile gauze and wrap with roller gauze. Clean the
laceration whenever you change the dressing.
6. Watch the infection and change the dressing regularly.

7. Take painkiller if pain persists.

Q19.Explain why are the angles of release for shot-put, javelin and discus throws
different'?

Ans:To achieve maximum distance for any of these events, the athlete will have to
balance three components -speed, technique and strength. As the angle of release
ncreases, the athlete must expend more energy in overcoming the weight of the
object thrown and so less effort is available to develop the release speed of the
object.

Further, the structure of the body favours a throw in the horizontal direction. As the
three objects are differing in weight, the athlete expends different amounts of
energy in overcoming their weight. Accordingly, the athlete will release the javelin
at a smaller angle of release than the shot put, as the Javelin is lighter. The same
reason holds for the discus.

Q20.What do you mean by planning? Elucidate the objectives of planning in sports


in detail.

Ans: Planning:- it can be said that planning is an intellectual process of thinking in


advance about setting of goals and developing strategies which are required. to
attain the goals efficiently.

1.To keep good control over all the activities. To keep a good control over all the
activities is another objectives of planning. Planning and control are connected with
each other.Planning helps in keeping a good control in organising a tournament.

2.To facilitate proper coordination. This objective of planning is related to facilitat,


proper coordination among the various member of committees, formed for
organising the competition smoothly.

3.To reduce the chances of mistakes. To reduce the chances of mistakes is also a
significant objective of planning. A proper plan reduces the chances of mistakes and
oversights.

4.To increase the efficiency. To increase the efficiency of sports officials in


conducting sports events/competitions is one of the main objectives of planning.
With the help of a proper planning, the sports official become more efficient.

5. To enhance the sports performance.

Q21.What do you mean by conservation of surroundings or environment? Mention


the significant suggestions for conservation of surroundings or environment.
Ans:conservation of surroundings or environment simply implies the sustainable use
as well as the management of natural resources such as wildlife, water. air, energy
and earth deposits means everything which environs or surrounds us. Conservation
of environment does not mean that the use of natural resources should be stopped.

Conservation of Forests

1.Plantation should be encouraged.

2.Help in saving plants.

3.For construction of houses, the use of wood should be in a balanced way.

Conservation of Water

1.Lay stress on rainwater harvesting.

2.Use the groundwater in a fair way. The misuse can be prevented by drip irrigation
and sprinkle agriculture.

3.Don't keep the water taps open while washing clothes, shaving and brushing teeth
etc.

Conservation of Energy

1. Switch off bulbs, tube lights, fans and other electric appliances when they are not
in use.

2.If destination of members of a family is same, use only one vehicle.

Conservation of Food

1. Enhance the sustainable agriculture.

2. Lay stress on judicious use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides and


weedicides.

3. Lay stress on proper storage of food grains.

Q22.What do you mean by food myths? Explain any six food myths

Ans:

1.Potatoes make you fat. Earlier, people used to think that carbohydrate rich foods
such as rice and potato etc, increases body weight. Now we know that
carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. Potatoes do not
automatically make you fat. So no problem, you can take potatoes in moderate
quantity.
2.Fat-free products will help you in losing weight. if you take fat-free labelled
products they can lead to weightgain, In fact, these foods have more calories.

3. Eggs increase cholesterol levels so avoid them. There is no doubt that eggs are
good source of health.

4. Drinking while eating makes you fat. The actual fact behind this misconception is
that enzymes and their digestive juices will be diluted by drinking water while
eating. It will slow down your digestion which may lead to excess body fat.

5.Dont take milk immediately after eating fish. Most of the persons believe that you
should not take milk immediately after eating fish. They think that it will make you
sick. Some persons think that spots can appear on your skin.These products may be
taken together. There is no problem at all.

6. Starve yourself if you want to lose weight. Eating a good diet is more important
than not to eat when you are on a weightloss programme.

7.Exercise makes you to eat more.

Q23.Discuss the physical exercises as corrective measure for Kyphosis, Lordosis and
Scoliosis. Or

Discuss the physical exercises as corrective measures for the deformities of Spinal
curvature.

Ans:Exercises for Kyphosis

1. Lie on back, i.e., in supine position with knees drawn up and feet flat on the
ground.Both hands should be at sides. Then move your arms sideways in horizontal
position.

2. Lie down in prone position, i.e., on. chest with hands on your hips. After that raise
your head and trunk several inches from the ground. Your chin should be in during
this exercise.

3. Sit in a normal position, with a stick held in horizontal position over head, hands
well-spread.

Exercises for Lordosis :-

1. Lie down in prone position, with hands under abdomen. Then keep hips and
shoulders down,press hands up on abdomen and raise lower back.
2.Bend knees forward While allowing hips to bend back behind keeping back
straight and knees pointed in same direction as feet.

3. Sit on a chair with feet wide apart. Bend and position your shoulders between
knees.Then reach to the floor under back of chair. Hold this position for some
duration.

Q24. Elucidate the causes of sports injuries.

Ans:1. Improper warming up.

2. Lack of fitness.

3. Lack of sports facilities.

4. No use of protective equipments.

5. Improper sports equipments. 6. Overuse of muscles.

Q25. Define motivation? elucidate any four techniques of motivation.

Ans: motivation is that force which energize and individuals to perform some
activities.

1. Goal setting

2.Praise or blame

3. Cash prices, certificates and trophies.

4. Motivational music

5. Positive attitude.

Q26. Define endurance and discuss any two methods of improving endurance.

Ans: Endurance is the ability to sustain an activity. It is also defined as the result of
a physiologic capacity of the individual to sustain movement over a period of time.

Continuous Training Method

Continuous training is one of the best methods for improving endurance. In this
method of training an exercise is performed for a long duration without any break.
In this method, intensity remains low because the exercise is done for a longer
period.

Advantages 1. It increases glycogen in muscles and liver.


2. It increases the number and size of mitochondria.

3. It also increases the efficiency of heart and lungs.

4. It improves willpower and makes the individual well-determined under the


condition of fatigue.

5.it makes the individual self-disciplined and self-confident.

Fartlek Training Method

Fartlek training method is used for developing.The word fartiek is a Swedish word
means speed play it is such a training method that blends continuous training with
interval training. This training method lays emphasis on both the aerobic and
anaerobic systems.

Advantages

1. It keeps the heart rate up allowing an athlete to get good cardiovascular


endurance.

2. It is good for aerobic and anaerobic fitness. 3. Easily adaptable. 4. No equipment


is required.

Disadvantages:- 1. May cause accidents because it is not pre planned.

2. It is difficult to see how hard the training is making efforts.

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