APPLIED MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

(2171916)

Open Ended Problem

Stress distribution using airy stress

function :
Disc under diametrical compression

Prepared by:-
Aaditya A Patel (130010119001)
Yagnesh S Mehta ( 130010119055)
Yogesh J Dabhi (130010119017)
Jay B Chauhan (130010119015)

Submitted To:-
Dr. Dhaval Jani
Introduction :
This formulation results in two types of in-plane problemsdplane strain and plane stress.
It was further shown that solution to each of these problem types could be conveniently handled
using the Airy stress function approach.

This scheme reduces the field equations to a single partial differential equation, and for
the case of zero body forces, this result was the biharmonic equation. Thus, the plane elasticity
problem was reduced to finding the solution to the biharmonic equation in a particular domain of
interest. Such a solution must also satisfy the given boundary conditions associated with the
particular problem under study

Cartesian coordinate solutions using polynomials

We begin the solution to plane elasticity problems with no body forces by considering
problems formulated in Cartesian coordinates. When taking boundary conditions into account,
this formulation is most useful for problems with rectangular domains. The method is based on
the inverse solution concept where we assume a form of the solution to the biharmonic equation

and then try to determine which problem may be solved by this solution. The assumed solution
form for the Airy stress function is taken to be a general polynomial of the in-plane coordinates,
and this form can be conveniently expressed in the power series

where Amn are constant coefficients to be determined.

DISK UNDER DIAMETRICAL COMPRESSION
Let us now investigate the solution to the plane problem shown in Figure 8.34 of a
circular disk or cylinder loaded by equal but opposite concentrated forces along a given diameter.
This particular problem is of special interest since this geometry is used in standard testing
(ASTM D-4123,1987) of bituminous and other brittle materials such as concrete, asphalt, rock,
and ceramics. Normally referred to as the Brazilian or indirect tension test, the sample and
loading geometry create a tension zone along the loaded diameter, thus allowing determination of
the tensile strength of the specimen material. Standard direct tension testing on such brittle
materials has led to difficulty in establishing a failure region in the samples central interior away
from the gripping locations (see the simple tension sample geometry in Figure 4.2).

This problem can be solved by more than one method, but perhaps the most interesting technique
employs a clever superposition scheme, as shown in Figure 8.34. The method uses superposition
of three particular stress fields, including two Flamant solutions along with a uniform radial
tension loading. As will be shown, the Flamant solutions provide the required singular behaviors
at the top and bottom of an imaginary disk within each half-space, while the radial loading
removes the resulting boundary tractions on the disk that were created by the two point loadings.

To combine the two Flamant solutions, it is more convenient to redefine the angular coordinate
as shown in Figure 8.35. Using the previous results from equation (8.4.36), the stress fields for
each Flamant solution can be written as

From the general solution (8.4.35), each Flamant solution produces only a constant radial stress
of sr_2P/pD on the circular boundary of the disk (see Figure 8.21). The resultant boundary
traction from the two combined Flamant loadings is found to be normal to the disk surface with a
magnitude given by
Thus, the final superposition of a uniformly loaded disk with the opposite tractions of (8.4.67)
removes the boundary forces and yields the solution to the desired problem. The uniformly
loaded disk problem creates a simple hydrostatic state of stress given by

Applying the superposition of states (1), (2), and (3), relations (8.4.66) and (8.4.68) are added,
giving the final stress field solution
Thus, along the loaded diameter (x 0), the body will have a uniform tensile stress of s x
2P/pD, and this result is the primary basis of using the geometry for indirect tension testing.
Knowing the sample size and failure (fracture) loading, the simple stress relation allows the
determination of the failing tensile stress or material strength. Plots of the stress distribution
along the X axis (y 0) are left as an exercise. Additional applications of this problem can be
found in models of granular materials in which particles are simulated by circular disks loaded
by several contact forces (see Exercise 8.46).

The maximum shearing stresses in the disk can be calculated by the relation

Using the stress results (8.4.69) in this relation, the smax distribution may be determined,
and these results are illustrated in Figure 8.36.

The corresponding photoelastic results are also shown in the figure.

In general, the theoretical contours match quite well with the experimental results except
for the regions near the loading points at the top and bottom of the disk. This lack of
correspondence is caused by the fact that the photoelastic isochromatics were generated with a
loading distributed over a small but finite contact area, and thus the maximum shear stress occurs
slightly below the contact surface