Chapter 13

Cloze Test
Direction: In the following passages there are 9. 1) increasingly 2) always
blanks, each of which has been numbered. These 3) gradually 4) deliberately
numbers are printed below the passage and 5) badly
against each five words are suggested, one of 10. 1) enlighten 2) validate
which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the 3) negate 4) underestimate
appropriate word in each case. 5) belittle
Absorb = to hold somebodys attention or
Passage 1 interest completely
Ravage = to damage something badly; to
Economic backwardness of a region is (1) by the destroy something
co-existence of unutilized or underutilized (2)on the The ravages = the damaging effect of something;
one hand, and (3)natural resources, on the other. of something the destruction done by something
Economic development essentially means a process Kingpin = a person of thing essential for
of (4) change whereby the real per capita income of an success
economy (5) over a period of time. Then, a simple but Enhance = to increase or improve further the
good quality, value or status of
meaningful question arises: what causes economic
something
development? Or what makes a country developed? Incredible = difficult to believe; extraordinary
This question has absorbed the (6) of scholars of Diminish = to decrease; to become or make
socio-economic change for decades. Going through the something smaller or less
(7) history of developed countries like America, Russia Degenerate = to pass into a worse physical, mental
and Japan, man is essentially found as (8) in the or moral state that one which is
process of economic development. Japan, whose considered normal or desirable.
economy was (9) damaged from the ravages of the Succumb = to fail to resist an illness, an attack
etc
Second World War, is the clearest example of our time
Pivotal = central; of great importance because
to (10) kingpin role in economic development. other things depend on it.
1. 1) developed 2) cured Vicious = acting or done with evil intentions;
3) improved 4) enhanced cruel and violent.
5) characterised Enlighten = to give somebody greater knowledge
2. 1) sources 2) finances or understanding
3) funds 4) manpower Validate = t o show t hat something is
5) industries reasonable or logical; to make
something legally valid
3. 1) exhaustive 2) unexploited
Negate = to cancel the effect of something; to
3) abundant 4) indefinite nullify something
5) unreliable Belittle = to make a person or an action seem
4. 1) upward 2) drastic unimportant or of little value.
3) negligible 4) incredible
5) sudden Passage 2
5. 1) diminishes 2) degenerates
Although John Wisdoms writings in philosophy
3) increases 4) succumbs
show clearly the influence of Wittgenstein, they
5) stabilizes
nevertheless also display a (1) originality. Despite the
6. 1) plans 2) attempts
(2) and difficulty of his style, a careful reading of
3) attention 4) resources
Wisdom is seldom (3). He is a unique kind of genius
5) strategy
in philosophy.
7. 1) existing 2) glorious
This essay is an excellent example of Wisdoms
3) ancient 4) economic
repeate d attempts to (4) the ultimate bases of
5) discouraging
philosophical perplexity. A great deal of the time
8. 1) pivotal 2) neutral
Wisdom is ( 5) inte re ste d in finding out why
3) insignificant 4) enchanted
me taphysicians fe e l (6) to utte r such strange
5) vicious
sentences (e.g. Time is unreal, There are no material
410 Test of English Language

things, etc). According to Wisdom, such sentences Augment = to make something larger in number
are both false (and perhaps meaningless) and yet (7). or size; to increase something
Even more than Wittgenstein, Wisdom has stressed Fortify = to make somebody feed stronger,
braver etc.
the therapeutic conception of philosophy, a view that
Explore = to examine something thoroughly in
comes out clearly in this essay where he emphasizes order to test it or found out about it.
the analogy be tween philosophical and neurotic Inadvertent = not done deliber ately or
distress (8) them with other kinds of problems. intentionally
The reader who is interested in gaining a fuller (9) Reluctant = unwilling and therefore slow to act,
with Wisdoms thought is referred to his famous article agree etc.
Gods in Philosophy and Psycho-analysis. Other Minds Allude = to mention somebody/something
is Wisdoms most (10) discussion of a single topic briefly or indirectly.
Ad apt = to make something suitable for a
and in many ways his finest work.
new use situation etc.
1. 1) concise 2) virtual 3) marked Acquaintance = slight knowledge of something
4) limited 5) relative Prolong = to make something last longer; to
2. 1) individuality 2) novelty extend something
3) originality 4) complexity Prolific = producing many works.
5) creativity
3. 1) unprofitable 2) useful Passage 3
3) advantageous 4) unreliable The latest stage of the continuing (1) between India
5) durable

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and the United States on the nuclear issue is now
4. 1) jettison 2) delimit punctuated with pleasing diplomatic observations. Our
3) augment 4) fortify latest round of talks with the American Deputy
5) explore Secretary of State is positive and encouraging. The
5. 1) admirably 2) primarily US Deputy Secretary of State remarked that none of
3) inadvertently 4) reluctantly us are pleased to have any clouds over the (2). We in
5) happily India know that these clouds have (3) towards the
6. 1) depressed 2) confined subcontinent from the West. The US can easily
3) alluded 4) compelled disperse the clouds if it wants. But the economic
5) adapted sanctions are still in place. The US is only (4) trying
7. 1) illuminating 2) damaging to come to terms with the fact that the nuclear
3) confusing 4) critical weapons are not the (5) of the Permanent Members

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5) unreliable of the Security Council. If they do not recognize India
8. 1) compelling 2) associating as a nuclear power, then what is it that they are (6)
3) contrasting 4) describing to? India will not (7) by their de-recognising the nuclear
5) advocating tests. Both sides can happily close (8) eyes and agree
9. 1) comparison 2) analysis to (9) what has happened. The fact that India is a
3) agreement 4) elaboration sovereign nation, entitled to take decision beneficial
5) acquaintance for its own security, has not been altered by the tests.
10. 1) projected 2) sustained The US has come round to (10) that India has some
3) prolonged 4) prolific say in this matter.
5) attributed 1. 1) adversaries 2) negotiations
Perplexity = conf usion; t he st at e of being
3) strifes 4) strategies
confused or worried
Metaphysics = the branch of philosophy dealing 5) disputes
with the nature of existence, truth 2. 1) relationship 2) struggle
and knowledge 3) matter 4) talks
Utter = t o say somet hing; t o expr ess 5) countries
something in speech. 1) formed 2) eclipsed
Therapeutic = of or connected with healing; having 3) reined 4) covered
a good general effect on the body or 5) floated
the mind
4. 1) spontaneously 2) generously
Neurotic = having or showing an abnormal
anxiet y or obsession about 3) grudgingly 4) gracefully
something; caused by or suffering 5) willingly
from a mental illness that causes 5. 1) threats 2) creations
depression or abnormal behaviour 3) properties 4) monopoly
Concise = brief 5) possessions
Virtual = almost or nearly the thing described, 6. 1) prepared 2) objecting
but not completely. 3) pointing 4) clinging
Jettison = to abandon or reject something that
5) planning
is not wanted.
Cloze Test 411

7. 1) gain 2) differ 2. 1) obvious 2) necessary

3) flourish 4) suffer 3) essential 4) recognised
5) develop 5) prominent
8. 1) their 2) our 3. 1) accept 2) participate
3) naked 4) inward 3) pronounce 4) inculcate
5) both 5) relate
9. 1) imitate 2) undo 4. 1) advocates 2) possessed
3) cherish 4) reiterate 3) exponents 4) indifferent
5) ignore 5) themselves
10. 1) expecting 2) suspecting 5. 1) seriousness 2) beliefs
3) accepting 4) advocating 3) barriers 4) masks
5) rejecting 5) chains
Punctuate = to interrupt something at intervals. 6. 1) snobbery 2) egoism
Disperse = to go in different directions or make 3) brashness 4) boasting
somebody/something do this 5) candour
Adversary = an opponent in a cont est, an
7. 1) projective 2) spontaneous
argument or a battle
Strife = angry or violent disagreement;
3) pious 4) cavaliers
conflict 5) callous
Eclipse = to outshine somebody/something; 8. 1) conflict 2) persuasiveness
t o make somebody/something 3) dedication 4) propensity

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appear dull or unimportant by 5) jealousy
comparison. 9. 1) pervasiveness 2) boundaries
Rein = to restrain or control somebody/ 3) sluggishness 4) blocking
something
5) enthusiasm
Spontaneous =done, happening, said etc because
of a sudden impulse from within,
10. 1) unanimous 2) uncritical
not planned or caused or suggested 3) uninhabited 4) uncanny
by something/somebody outside. 5) unusual
Grudgingly = reluctantly Interpersonal = existing or done between two
Grudge = t o do or giv e somet hing v er y people
unwillingly Impulsive = noted for or involving sudden action
Cling = to become attached to something; wihtout careful thought
to stick to something Prominent = distinguished or important; easily

KUNDAN
Imitate = to copy somebody/something; to seen
take or follow somebody/something Pronounce = to declare or announce something
as an example. especially formally, solemnly or
Cherish = to keep a feeling or an idea in ones officially
mind or heart and think of it with Inculcate = to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in
pleasure. somebodys mind especially by
Reiterate = to repeat something that has already often repeating them
been said, especially for emphasis Exponent = a per son who suppor t s and
promotes a theory, belief, cause etc
Passage 4 Snobbery = attitudes and behaviour that are
characteristic of a snob.
Trust is the basis of human relationship. As trust Snob = a person who believes he or she has
between people grows, (1) change and interpersonal superior taste or knowledge
dynamics are transformed. Diverse skills and abilities B rash = conf ident in a rude, noisy or
become (2) and appreciated as strengths. People begin aggressive way.
to (3) one anothers attitudes and feelings. They learn Candour = the quality of being frank and
honest in ones behav iour or
to be (4) instead of playing roles. As trust grows the
speech.
(5) that prevent (6) and openness lessen. People Pious = having or showing a deep respect
become more expressive, impulsive, frank and (7). for God and religion
Their communication is efficient and clear. They risk Cavalier = showing a lack of proper concern
(8) and confrontation, opening the doors to deeper Callous = having or showing no sympathy for
communication, involve me nt and commitment. other peoples feelings or suffering
Congestion and (9) lessen. The flow of data is open Propensity = a tendency t o do somet hing
and (10). especially something undesirable.
Pervasive = present and seen or felt everywhere
1. 1) motivations 2) behaviours
Sluggish = moving slowly; not alert or lively
3) patterns 4) aspirations Unanimous = agreed with by everybody in a group
5) commitments Uncanny = not natural; mysterious and slightly
frightening.
412 Test of English Language

Passage 5 Scant = hardly enough; not very much

Primitive = of or at an early stage of social
A good percentage of the population of India is development
tribal. The tribals live in the hills and forests of the
country and have been little (1) by the (2) currents of Passage 6
the plains. Practically all the states of India have their Indias ( 1) ove r the past half ce ntury since
tribal population. The tribes are numerous, computed independence has been unique and (2) in many ways.
to be about 200, some living in (3) regions in dense Yet the record is (3) in relation to what the country
forests, and others on the borders of villages. Some set out to achieve and could certainly have been (4).
tribes are (4) to a few souls, while others like the It is (5) to look at both sides; the alternative is to be
Santhals, run into millions and are steadily (5) in (6) down by unrelieved gloom or unwarranted (7). The
numbers. During the British period some of them were fact is that after eight 5-year plans, about 40 per cent
known as criminal tribes for they showed (6) respect of population is (8) below the poverty line. The human
for the Indian Penal Code. After independence they development indices are (9) low, placing India at the
have been named Scheduled Tribes. Under modern 126th position in the world table, far below many
conditions isolation, however, has become (7) and the countries that came into (10) much later than it did.
hill tribes are getting (8). The cultural traffic is two- 1. 1) development 2) domination
way. Social reformers are taking civilization to the 3) predicament 4) history
hills, and the tribes, (9) their old occupations of 5) excellence
hunting and (10) farming, are settling in villages, 2. 1) dubious 2) insignificant

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towns and cities as labourers and industrial workers. 3) desperate 4) special
1. 1) affected 2) domiciled 5) commendable
3) motivated 4) deprived 3. 1) outshining 2) broken
5) favoured 3) disappointing 4) brighter
2. 1) financial 2) proud 5) played
3) cultural 4) unruly 4. 1) underplayed 2) accomplished
5) swift 3) tampered 4) noteworthy
3. 1) comfortable 2) marshy 5) exaggerated
3) wild 4) unpopulated 5. 1) proposed 2) futile
5) inhospitable 3) impracticable 4) necessary
4. 1) devoted 2) confined 5) suggested
3) susceptible 4) related

KUNDAN
6. 1) laid 2) struck
5) attached 3) cooled 4) weighed
5. 1) constant 2) deteriorated 5) brought
3) developing 4) increasing 7. 1) progress 2) debating
5) decreasing 3) meticulousness 4) haste
6. 1) abundant 2) genuine 5) complacency
3) superficial 4) exorbitant 8. 1) much 2) still
5) scant 3) obviously 4) found
7. 1) crucial 2) necessary 5) far
3) difficult 4) convenient 9. 1) deplorably 2) admirably
5) indispensable 3) surprisingly 4) not
8. 1) civilized 2) demoralised 5) amusingly
3) wiped-out 4) entertained 10. 1) world 2) being
5) reduced 3) independence 4) compete
9. 1) escaping 2) with 5) India
3) enhancing 4) leaving Unrelieved = not changing; continuing
5) continuing Gloom = part ial darkness; a f eeling of
10. 1) productive 2) primitive sadness and depression
3) profitable 4) cultivable Un warr ant ed = not justified or necessary
5) scientific Dominate = to have control or power over or very
Unruly = not easy to control or manage strong influence on somebody/
Marshy = wet and muddy something
Inhospitable = not giving a f riendly or polite Predicament = a difficult or unpleasant situation
welcome to guests especially one in which it is difficult
Susceptible = easily influenced or harmed by to know what to do.
something; sensitive Dubious = doubtful
Exorbitant = much t oo high or gr eat ; Commendable = deserving praise
unreasonable Accomplished = skilled
Tamper = to interfere with or alter something
Cloze Test 413

without authority 10. 1) credited 2) implored

Exaggerate = to make something seem larger, 3) admired 4) flattered
better, worse etc than it really is 5) blamed
Futile = producing no result; having no Tarred with the = having or considered to have
purpose same brush the same faults as somebody
Meticulous = giving or showing great care and (as somebody)
attention to detail. Decent = proper, acceptable, satisfactory
Complacency = a calm feeling of satisfaction with Nurture = t o help t he development of
oneself, ones work something
Deplore = t o be shocked or of f ended by Abolish = to end the existence of a law, a
something; to condemn practice, an institution etc
Amusing = causing laughter or smile; enjoyable Contaminate = to make something/somebody
Weigh down = to make somebody/something bend impure by adding substances that
by being heavy. are dangerous or carry disease
Impeach = to raise doubts about something; to
Passage 7 question something
In the thirties and forties, geography was (1) subject Placate = to make somebody less angry; to
calm or satisfy somebody.
in schools. Children spent hours tracing maps and
Remedy = to correct , change or improve
(2) about strange places, peoples and customs. something undesirable
Harvard University (3) its geography department after Implore = to ask or beg for something in a
World War II. A string of leading universities in the serious way

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United States (4) suit. Geography has been tarred with
the racist brush, and no one wants to be (5).
David S Landes, professor of history and economics
at Harvard University, makes a forceful (6) for
geography in his book, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations.
Geography, he says, tells the unpleasant truth that
nature is unfair, unequal in its (7) and that its
unfairnesses are not easily (8). For Landes, there is
nothing racist in a geography that links (9) and group
behaviour to nature, no one can be praised or (10) for
the temperature of the air, the volume or timing of
rainfall, or the topography.
Flatter = to praise somebody too much or in
an insincere way especially in order
to gain favour for oneself.
Passage 8
Fourteen centuries ago when the world was much
younger, the ruler of all India, Rajah Balhait, was (1)
about his people. A new game of dice, called nard, had
(2) the imagination of his subjects. Teaching them
that chance alone - a roll of the dice - guided the (3)
of men. All who played this game of fortune lost their
(4) in the virtues of courage, prudence, wisdom and

KUNDAN
1. 1) full-fledged 2) resourceful hope. It bred a fatalism that was (5) the spirit of the
3) decent 4) boring kingdom.
5) famous Rajah Balhait commissioned Sissa, an intelligent
2. 1) knowledge 2) drawings courtier, at his court, to find an answer to this (6).
3) ignored 4) learned After much (7) the clever Sissa invented another game,
5) figures chaturanga, the exact (8) of nard, in which the four
3. 1) established 2) nurtured elements of the Indian army were the key pieces. In
3) intensified 4) developed the game these pieces - chariots, horses, elephants
5) abolished and foot soldiers - joined with a royal counsellor to
4. 1) followed 2) cleared defend their king and defeat the enemy. Forceful (9)
3) prepared 4) wore was demanded of the players not luck. Chaturanga soon
5) filed became more popular than nard, and the (10) to the
5. 1) learned 2) contaminated kingdom was over.
3) neglected 4) prepared 1. 1) concerned 2) confident
5) knowledgeable 3) ignorant 4) indifferent
6. 1) decision 2) impeachment 5) partisan
3) lesson 4) plea 2. 1) propelled 2) enshrined
5) plan 3) captured 4) activated
7. 1) behaviour 2) favours 5) enhanced
3) sources 4) deal 3. 1) communities 2) ways
5) functions 3) abnormalities 4) destinies
8. 1) sensed 2) placated 5) groups
3) remedied 4) over-ruled 4. 1) bravado 2) interest
5) understood 3) peace 4) wealth
9. 1) expediency 2) sentiments 5) faith
3) performance 4) acquisition
5) obedience
414 Test of English Language

5. 1) appalling 2) crushing particular, needs to be complimented for thishave

3) moistening 4) promoting le d to substantially le sse r e ne rgy inte nsity of
5) overwhelming economic growth. However, even the tempered demand
6. 1) apprehension 2) risk numbers are (8) to be below 80Gw. As against this
3) problem 4) game need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely
5) destiny to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity.
7. 1) deliberation 2) absorption Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (9)
3) insight 4) hesitation cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to
5) reluctance contribute anything substantial in vie w of the
8. 1) nature 2) equivalent unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be
3) picture 4) opposite (10) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal,
5) replica gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw
9. 1) prediction 2) concentration equivalent can be (11) to be added in the five-year
3) manipulation 4) attack time block.
5) fortune (12) (13) this, capacity addition in the renewable
10. 1) devastation 2) anxiety energy based power generation has touched about 3Gw
3) impeachment 4) nuisance a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity
5) threat addition in the electricity grid (14) renewable energy
Virtue = behaviour that shows high moral is like ly to range be twe e n 20Gw and 25Gw.
standards; goodness Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity,

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Prudent = acting with or showing care and off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote
thought for the future; showing
places and (15) lives where grid-based electricity
good judgement
Fat al = causing or ending in death
supply has miserably failed.
Counsellor = an adviser especially one who has 1. 1) against 2) for
professional training 3) onwards 4) at
Part isan = showing too much support for one 5) on
person, group or cause; biased 2. 1) that 2) inside
Propel = to move, drive or push something/ 3) always 4) who
somebody forward 5) where
Enshrine = to preserve something in a place or
3. 1) forward 2) subject
from it will be remembered and
respected.
3) place 4) demand

KUNDAN
Br av ad o = a display of bold talk or behaviour 5) replace
to impress other people. 4. 1) pass 2) publish
Appalling = shocking; extremely bad 3) feature 4) find
Moisten = to become or make something moist 5) light
Overwhelming = very great; very strong 5. 1) likewise 2) publicity
Replica = a close or exact copy of something 3) next 4) after
of a painting; a model of something
5) earlier
made on a smaller scale
Anxiety = a nervous feeling caused by fear that
6. 1) waste 2) require
something bad is going to happen; 3) highlight 4) generate
worry 5) consumed
Nuisance = a thing, a person or behaviour that 7. 1) structures 2) efforts
is annoying or causes trouble 3) projections 4) practices
5) developmental
Passage 9 8. 1) sure 2) unsure
As the country embarks on planning (1) the 12th 3) unexpected 4) unlikely
Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (2) hangs 5) likely
over the process is on the energy requirements. 9. 1) nominal 2) excelled
Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of 3) higher 4) lower
growing at 9-10% will (3) huge demands on the energy 5) expected
resource s of the country. In this energy jigsaw, 10. 1) failure 2) success
renewable energy will (4) like never before in the 12th 3) dangerous 4) maximum
Plan and the (5). 5) marginal
By the rule of the thumb, India will (6) about 100 11. 1) certain 2) linked
gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition 3) remarked 4) expected
in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy 5) sure
efficiency and sustained (7) by some parts of the 12. 1) When 2) But
governmentthe Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in 3) However 4) If
5) As
Cloze Test 415

13. 1) for 2) with 6. 1) companion 2) attitude

3) is 4) ever 3) calling 4) friend
5) against 5) abode
14. 1) through 2) project 7. 1) absorbed 2) alarmed
3) versus 4) against 3) attacked 4) attached
5) capacity 5) awed
15. 1) lightening 2) making 8. 1) empowered 2) brute
3) touching 4) saving 3) tall 4) high
5) generating 5) exhibited
Embark on = to start or engage in something 9. 1) domestic 2) durable
new or difficult 3) devastating 4) delicate
Compliment = to express praise or admiration 5) dubious
of somebody
10. 1) hoist 2) puncture
Temper = t o make t he ef fect s of
somet hing less sever e by
3) disturb 4) attack
balancing it with the else 5) deflate
Unprecedented = never having happened, been 11. 1) protect 2) tender
done or been known before 3) abandon 4) pluck
Over and above = besides something; in addition 5) touch
to something Stubborn = determined not to change ones
Marginal = having little importance; not attitude or position; having a strong
central

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will
Ji gsaw = a picture printed on cardboard Passion = a strong feeling eg of hate, love or
or wood cut int o var ious anger
different shapes that have to Awe = to fill somebody with a feeling of
be fitted together again; jigsaw respect combined with fear or
puzzle. wonder
Brute = involving physical force only and not
Passage 10 thought or reason
Outrun = t o r un f ast er or f ur ther t han
Bret Bonson loved animals (1) on a family owned somebody/something
Zoo. He had grown up caring for antelope, deer and Instinct = a natural feeling that makes one act
wildcats. He was (2), at times stubbornly, protective. or respond in a particular way.
Once, when a tiger cub was born with a deformed leg, Hoist = to raise something to a higher
position

KUNDAN
the local veterinarian and Brets parents (3) the animal
would never live a full life. Even so, the boy bottle-fed Deflate = t o make somebody f eel less
the cub and cared for it. (4) Brets mothering, the cub confident than they were or less
important than they thought they
died, but Brets mothering (5) lived on.
were.
He worked at a Safari park where, in 1980, he Tender = loving; gentle; easily moved to pity
trained his first African elephant and found his true or sympathy
(6). From the beginning Bonson was (7) by elephants. Pluck = to hold something with the fingers
They have the (8) force to uproot trees and can outrun and pull it.
the fastest human sprinter. But they also have (9)
fine motor skills. The same trunk that could (10) the Passage 11
front end of an automobile or fracture a predators Gandhiji once said, I would say that if the village
skull could gently (11) a peanut from the fingers of a perishes, India will perish too. India will be (1) more
small child. India. Her own mission in the world will get (2). The
1. 1) created 2) constructed (3) of the village is possible only when it is no more
3) built 4) erected (4). Industrialisation on a mass scale will (5) lead to
5) raised passive or active exploitation of the villagers as the
2. 1) methodically 2) carefully problem (6) competition and marketing come in.
3) fiercely 4) suitably Therefore, we have to (7) on the village being self-
5) actually contained, manufacturing mainly for use. Provided this
3. 1) believed 2) valued character of the village industry is (8) there would be
3) expressed 4) imagined no objection to villagers using even the modern
5) exhibited machines and tools that they can make and (9) to
4. 1) Until 2) Unless use. Only, they (10) not be used as a means of
3) Instead 4) Despite exploitation of others.
5) Although 1. 1) certainly 2) scarcely
5. 1) belief 2) instinct 3) much 4) no
3) love 4) passion 5) any
5) care
416 Test of English Language

2. 1) lost 2) extension new teaching posts in colleges. (10) with this problem,
3) elevated 4) flourished authorities at the university have decided that serving
5) jeopardy teachers belonging to various disciplines will teach
3. 1) rehabilitation 2) pruning the paper.
3) revival 4) devastation 1. 1) Despite 2) Having
5) atonement 3) Enacting 4) Adopting
4. 1) denuded 2) exploited 5) Although
3) contaminated 4) populated 2. 1) contaminate 2) clean
5) ruined 3) filter 4) protect
5. 1) passionately 2) surprisingly 5) pollute
3) scarcely 4) never 3. 1) resulting 2) why
5) necessarily 3) obvious 4) as
6. 1) forming 2) enhancing 5) because
3) between 4) of 4. 1) seldom 2) dont
5) with 3) hardly 4) perfectly
7. 1) concentrate 2) ponder 5) actually
3) imagine 4) ensure 5. 1) inability 2) deferral
5) decide 3) decision 4) failure
8. 1) regained 2) neglected 5) reluctance
3) maintained 4) thwarted 6. 1) extracts 2) accord

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5) abolished 3) expects 4) loses
9. 1) prepare 2) afford 5) assumes
3) hesitate 4) propose 7. 1) displeasure 2) antagonism
5) plan 3) hurdles 4) confusion
10. 1) can 2) could 5) priority
3) need 4) would 8. 1) losses 2) constraints
5) should 3) apathy 4) soundness
Perish = to be destroyed; to die 5) independence
Revival = a recovery; the process of bringing 9. 1) receive 2) establish
something back 3) emphasize 4) expect
Jeopardy = at risk
5) sanction
Rehabilitate = to restore somebody/something to

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their/its former higher status or
position
Prune = to reduce the extent of something
by cutting unnecessary parts.
Atone = to act in a way that compensates for
a previous wrong or error.
Denude = to make something bare
Ponder = to think about something carefully
and for a long time especially in
trying to reach a decision; to consider
Thwart = to prevent somebody doing what
they intended to; to oppose a plan
etc successfully.
Passionate = caused by or showing st rong
feelings
Passage 12
(1) stringent anti-pollution laws, mass awareness
levels in India about the need to (2) the environment
are low. Which is (3) many people insist that mere
laws wont do; what we (4) need are environment
conscious citizens. It is in this context that the
Universitys (5) to introduce environment studies as
a compulsory paper at the undergraduate level (6)
significance. There was some (7) initially about who
would teach the paper because financial (8) make it
impossible for colleges to (9) approval for new teaching
posts. In fact, in August 1999, the University Grants
Commission (UGC) imposed a ban on the creation of
10. 1) Down 2) Familiarity
3) Faced 4) Convinced
5) Solution
Stringent = that must be obeyed; strict or severe
Assume = to accept something as true before
there is proof
Deferral = delaying something until a later time
Antagonism = a feeling of hostility or opposition
Constraint = a thing that limits or restricts
Apathy = a lack of interest, enthusiasm or
concern
Passage 13
A friend in need is a friend indeed. A man who stands
(1) his friend in (2) is a true friend, Selfless love is
the base of true friendship. True friends share each
others joy and sorrow, pain and pleasure. They do
not fall (3) in adversity. They have full confidence in
each other. They never (4) each other. (5) makes
friends, adversity tries them. A selfless friend is (6);
a selfish friend is a curse. The first is an angel and
the second is a devil. One makes your career while
the other (7) it.
True friendship means great self-sacrifice on the
part of both. A true frie nd (8) ple asure and
convenience . He goes cut of his way and faces
difficulties in his way with joy and even with pride.
Joy and sorrow, success and failure, good fortune and
Cloze Test 417

misfortune, are equally (9) by a pair of true friends. Passage 14

They (10) the burden of life equally for they feel that
they sail in the same boat and that they have to sink The Government seems to be in right earnest to
and swim together. ensure more (1) in governance. The Prime Ministers
1. 1) to 2) with announcement that his Government is (2) drafting
3) for 4) by legilsation to (3) the citizens right to information is
5) of indeed welcome. Though the talk on the right to
2. 1) adversity 2) commotion information is not new, we may (4) the bill to be
3) change 4) happiness brought early this time. The previous Government had
5) growth set up a high-level committee to (5) a draft bill. But
3. 1) by 2) to nothing has been heard about the matter since, (6)
3) off 4) with the committee did quite some work. The issue,
5) through however, has come to such a pass that a solution
4. 1) postulate 2) commit cannot be (7) further. Sunlight is the best disinfectant,
3) danger 4) deplete a foreign judge once said, while (8) the unwarranted
5) betray secrecy in an administrative system. When those in
5. 1) Wealth 2) Prosperity authority know that people have the right to ask
3) Man 4) Providence questions and the government is under the (9) to
5) Well-bring provide them with answers, (10) of authority, or of
6. 1) boon 2) force public finances, for personal or party ends is less likely

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3) blessing 4) calamity to happen.
5) message 1. 1) strictness 2) rudeness
7. 1) throws 2) develops 3) leniency 4) economy
3) constructs 4) mars 5) transparency
5) lacks 2. 1) personally 2) busy
8. 1) foregoes 2) mitigates 3) not 4) reluctantly
3) evolves 4) appraises 5) absolutely
5) prospers 3. 1) presumption 2) absolve
9. 1) built 2) pleased 3) curb 4) question
3) admired 4) advocated 5) establish
5) shared 4. 1) expect 2) wait
10. 1) expect 2) shoulder 3) try 4) frustrate

KUNDAN
3) dislike 4) propose 5) appeal
5) project 5. 1) level 2) regard
Stand by = to support or help somebody 3) prepare 4) enact
Adversity = difficulties; trouble; misfortune 5) unearth
Commotion = noisy confusion or excitement 6. 1) even 2) as
Fall off = to decrease in quantity or quality 3) because 4) until
Postulate = to accept or suggest that something 5) though
is true, especially as a basis for 7. 1) found 2) expected
reasoning or discussion
3) delayed 4) looked
Deplete = to reduce greatly the quantity size,
power or value of something. 5) longed
Betray = t o show a lack of loyalt y t o 8. 1) nurturing 2) criticising
somebody/something 3) demanding 4) appreciating
Providence = the way in which God or nature 5) upholding
cares for and protects all creatures 9. 1) pretentious 2) affect
Blessing = Gods favour and protection 3) substance 4) obligation
Curse = a magical word or phrase spoken 5) property
with the aim of punishing, injuring
10. 1) misuse 2) governance
or destroying somebody/something
Ma r = to damage or spoil something 3) dishonour 4) curbing
Forego = to give up or do without something 5) breach
especially something pleasant In earnest = to a greater extent; with more
Mitigate = to make something less severe, determination and energy
violent or painful Disinfectant = a substance that cleans something
Appraise = to assess the value quality or nature by destroying the bacteria that cause
of somebody/something disease
Lenient = not severe, especially in punishing
people.
Presumption = the action of supposing something
to be true.
418 Test of English Language

Absolve = to declare that somebody is free of 3) maintaining 4) doubling

guilt, blame etc. 5) minimising
Curb = to prevent something from getting 11. 1) damage 2) variable
out of control
3) content 4) yield
Long = to wait something very much; to have
a strong desire for something or to
5) refuge
do something 12. 1) squandered 2) preserved
Uph old = to support or confirm a decision, 3) doubled
belief et c which has been 4) engulfed
questioned 5) coerced
Pretentious = claiming importance, value or style, 13. 1) equilibrium 2) existence
especially without good cause. 3) failure 4) proportion
5) bankruptcy
Passage 15 Conquest = t he act ion or an inst ance of
Man in his (1) of nature and universe has made conquering somebody
the world (2), polluted. The air we breathe is polluted, Foul = very unpleasant; very bad; terrible
Wanton = done deliberately for no good reason
the water we drink is (3). There is (4) felling of trees,
Reclamation = the action of making land fit to
clearing of jungles, (5) natural barriers like the cult ivate, eg by draining it or
mountains and drying up the oceans by way of (6). bringing water to it
This (7) of nature by man is a grave mistake for which Grave = serious and important; giving cause
mankind has to pay the price. Rapid industrialisation for worry

K
means (8) the industrial effluents into the rivers and Vanda lism = behaviour character of a person who
seas. The river water has turned murky. Marine life deliberately destroys or damages
has been (9). The toxic chemicals have made the air works of art, public and private
property, the beauties of nature etc
that we breathe polluted. Pesticides and insecticides
for no good reason.
sprayed on plants and the chemicals and fertilizers Effluent = liquid waste matter, sewage etc that
used for (10) plant yield have poisoned our food. Hence pours out of a factory into a river
what we eat today has high toxic (11). Natures Murky = dirty; not clear
plentifulness is a heritage not to be (12) with impunity. Endangered = in danger of becoming extinct
It must be conserved for future generations or its (13) Extinct = no longer in existence
will extinguish all. Squander = to waste something foolishly or
1. 1) pursuit 2) view 3) conquest carelessly
Impunity = freedom from punishment or injury

KUNDAN
4) victim 5) want
Extinguish = to end the existence of a feeling,
2. 1) foul 2) diluted condition etc
3) poor 4) precarious Pursuit = the action of looking for or trying to
5) critical find something
3. 1) disturbed 2) pure Precarious = not safe; dangerous
3) counterproductive 4) suffocated Provocation = the action of making somebody
5) contaminated angr y by deliberat ely doing
4. 1) dubious 2) wanton something annoying or offensive.
Evasion = the act or process of avoiding
3) careful
something that is legally or morally
4) planned required
5) useless Divulge = to make something known especi-
5. 1) attacking 2) projecting ally a secret
3) cutting 4) blasting Menace = a thing or person that threatens to
5) sizing harm somebody/something
6. 1) reclamation 2) inhabitation Culminate = t o reach t he highest point or
3) stabilisation 4) destruction specified conclusion or result.
Forfeit = to giv e up somet hing or have
5) damage
somet hing t aken away as a
7. 1) provocation 2) adventure consequence of or punishment for
3) vandalism 4) abundance having done something wrong.
5) evasion Refuge = shelter or protection from danger,
8. 1) relocating 2) divulging trouble etc
3) menacing 4) culminating Engulf = to surround somebody/something
5) diverting especially so t hat they ar e
9. 1) evaporated 2) endangered completely covered
Coerce = to make somebody do something by
3) devalued 4) eliminated
using force or threats
5) forfeiting Bankruptcy = the state of being unable to pay
10. 1) managing 2) developing ones debts
Cloze Test 419

Passage 16 13. 1) light 2) day

3) authority 4) person
Once Gurudev Tagore asked Gandhiji: Gandhiji,are 5) sun
you (1) unromantic? When in the early (2) the morning 14. 1) scorch 2) shine
sun rises does it not (3) your heart with joy to see its 3) bright 4) burn
reddish glow? When the birds (4) does not your heart 5) illuminate
thrill with its (5) music? When the rose opens its 15. 1) brightness 2) shade
petals and blooms in the garden, does its sight not 3) dullness 4) strength
bring (6) to your he art? The Mahatma re plie d, 5) stairs
Gurudev, I am not so dumb or (7) as not to be moved Tint = a shade or variety of a colour
by the beauty of the rose or the morning rays of the Sigh = an act or sound of taking long deep
sun or the music of the birds. But what can I do? My breat h t hat can be hear d,
one (8), my one anxiety, my one ambition is: When expr essing sadness, r elief ,
shall I see the red tint of the rose on the cheeks of tiredness etc
Lustre = the soft brightness of a smooth or
(9) (10) millions of my people? When shall I hear the
shining surface; glory; distinction
sweet and melodious song of the birds in place of Da wn = the time of day when light first
their (11) sighs - when will such music (12) out of appears
their soul? And when will that (13) come, when the Flock = a group of sheep, goats or birds of
light of the morning sun will (14) the heart of the the same type either kept together
common man in India? When will I see its lustre and or feeding and travelling together
Divine = wonderful; beautiful

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(15) on his face?
1. 1) not 2) genuinely Ar om a = a distinctive usually pleasant smell
Lethargic = lazy
3) seldom 4) so
Scorch = to burn and damage a surface by
5) fairly making it too hot.
2. 1) season 2) dawn Illuminate = to shine light on something
3) monsoon 4) climate
5) days Passage 17
3. 1) involve 2) impeach
Man has always considered himself to be the ruler
3) move 4) fill
of his planet. This (1) and the attendant superiority
5) penetrate
feeling has made him look down (2) other creatures
4. 1) fly 2) nestle
who co-exist with human on this earth. The so-called
3) flock 4) cry

KUNDAN
civilized human race has (3) and ill-treated small and
5) sing
large animal species and birds in an attempt to prove
5. 1) alarming 2) fearful
his (4). It is common knowledge that (5) number of
3) divine 4) irritating
animals have been (6) for centuries under the (7) of
5) loud
conducting scientific experiments or for sports. Till
6. 1) aroma 2) cheer
recently, in the (8) of scientific experiments, monkeys
3) fragrance 4) agony
and frogs have been (9) to dissection and (10) in the
5) fear
laboratory.
7. 1) insensitive 2) lethargic
1. 1) pleasure 2) fact
3) ambitious 4) idle
3) achievement 4) force
5) romantic
5) arrogance
8. 1) slogan 2) request
2. 1) in 2) upon
3) interpretation 4) desire
3) with 4) for
5) demand
5) into
9. 1) old 2) rich
3. 1) criticised 2) devalued
3) happy 4) noble
3) protected 4) abused
5) hungry
5) enlarged
10. 1) naked 2) fashioned
4. 1) supremacy 2) wisdom
3) poor 4) fellow
3) cleverness 4) instinct
5) playful
5) possession
11. 1) encouraging 2) flourishing
5. 1) tall 2) plenty
3) prosperous 4) agonizing
3) countless 4) diverse
5) cheerful
5) numerous
12. 1) play 2) bring
6. 1) tortured 2) exposed
3) come 4) drop
3) treated 4) vanished
5) sing
5) extinct
420 Test of English Language

7. 1) projection 2) criticism 5. 1) maintained 2) illustrated

3) pretext 4) game 3) marginalised 4) bestowed
5) study 5) forsaken
8. 1) matter 2) set 6. 1) vast 2) brief
3) scheme 4) virtue 3) formal 4) clean
5) name 5) distinct
9. 1) confined 2) subjected 7. 1) dormant 2) dedicated
3) condemned 4) allied 3) vital 4) common
5) performed 5) dynamic
10. 1) cruelty 2) deformation 8. 1) strength 2) tips
3) study 4) vivisection 3) clearance 4) sermons
5 ) proliferation 5) ideals
Look down upon = to consider somebody/ 9. 1) informed 2) narrated
something inferior to oneself; to 3) intensified 4) realised
regard somebody/something with 5) invented
contempt
10. 1) encouraging 2) imitating
Under the pretext of = giving the specified reason
as ones justification.
3) blaming 4) preaching
Dissection = the practice of cutting up dead body, 5) assuming
a plant etc in order to study Deteriorate = to become worse in quality or condition
Vivisection = t he pr act ice of perf or ming Bestow = t o pr esent somet hing as a gif t t o

K
operations etc on live animals for somebody
the purposes of scientific research. Vital = essential to the existence, success or
Vanish = t o disappear completely and operation of something.
suddenly Sermons = a talk on a moral or religious subject
Extinct = no longer in existence usually given by a priest during a religious
Condemn = to say that one disapproves strongly service.
of somebody/something; to criticize
somebody/something Passage 19
Proliferation = a rapid growth or increase in
numbers The social (1) of the Web lifestyle and work style
are enormous. A lot of people (2) that computers and
Passage 18 the Internet will depersonalize experience, creating a
world that is less warm. But these are unfounded as

KUNDAN
In the se days of e conomic libe ralisation, we know that some people were (3) afraid that the
globalisation, etc. materialistic values have assumed telephone would reduce face-to-face contact and will
(1) importance. Money, physical comforts and luxuries (4) society to fall apart. But the (5) actually came true.
are the most sought after aspects. There has been (2) Just as phone and e-mail have increased contact
competition. Such competition (3) undue stress. The between people living in different communities and
stress leads to (4) of health of the people. Indian between people on the go, the PC and the Internet
culture has (5) its striking uniqueness, as against give us (6) way to communicate. They do not take any
the Western culture, in the fact that there is a (6) away. In reality, the ability to use the Internet to
place for spiritualism in the value system in all walks redefine (7) in our communities is strengthening
of life. The spirituality is a very (7) force which helps personal and cultural (8). The Web lifestyle is about
us in maintaining our physical and mental health. It broadening (9), not narrowing them. Community
gives us (8) to cope with the stress. Westerners have building is going to be one of the biggest growth areas
now (9) the importance of spirituality and, therefore, on the Web. It dramatically increases the number of
they have started (10) us in the matter of spirituality. communities you can bond to because of its ability to
1. 1) usual 2) little (10) groups of like-minded people independent of
3) tangible 4) least geography or time zones.
5) greater 1. 1) groups 2) needs
2. 1) critical 2) unhealthy 3) factor 4) teaching
3) unequalled 4) no 5) implications
5) absolute 2. 1) accept 2) dare
3. 1) releases 2) deserves 3) fear 4) propose
3) generates 4) demonstrates 5) reject
5) suppresses 3. 1) strongly 2) initially
4. 1) neglect 2) illness 3) always 4) never
3) generation 4) deterioration 5) possibly
5) encroachment 4. 1) let 2) decay
3) develop 4) cause
5) destroy
Cloze Test 421

5. 1) opposite 2) found 8. 1) distinctive 2) appreciated

3) finding 4) different 3) formative 4) helping
5) negative 5) end
6. 1) cheaper 2) economical 9. 1) evolving 2) spreading
3) another 4) second 3) esteem 4) wisdom
5) many 5) popularity
7. 1) groups 2) ethics 10. 1) desirable 2) manageable
3) culture 4) bonds 3) redundant 4) vulnerable
5) boundaries 5) possible
8. 1) distances 2) connections Tone up = to make ones body stronger, fitter
3) differences 4) implications etc
5) suggestions Cha os = Complete disorder or confusion
9. 1) horizons 2) values Calamity = an event that causes great harm or
damage; a disaster
3) nations 4) means
Perpetual = without interruption; continuous
5) status Induce = to persuade or influence somebody
10. 1) reduce 2) focus to do something
3) prepare 4) connect Implicate = to show that somebody is involved
5) develop in something, especially in crime.
Enormous = very large; huge; immense Inculcate = to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in
Implication = the conclusion that can be drawn from somebodys mind especially by

K
something, although it is not explicitly often repeating them
stated. Cherish = to keep a feeling or an idea in ones
Ethics = moral principles that govern or influence mind or heart and think of it with
a persons behaviour. pleasure
Vulnerable = that can be hurt, harmed or attacked
Passage 20 easily especially because of being
small or weak.
The urgent need of the hour is to (1) up the moral Redundant = no longer needed; unnecessary
(2) of our society in general and of our student
community in particular, if we want to save ourselves Passage 21
and our socie ty from the pre se nt (3) of mass
Studies (1) the impact of computer models to
indiscipline and (4) of basic human values, which has
support policy-making processes in organisations have
become a (5) phenomenon. We must, therefore, (6)
(2) that client involvement in the model-building

KUNDAN
and practise the most (7) basic human values like co-
process is often a (3) for effective model-building. One
operation, tolerance, patriotism, generosity, truth,
important reason is that the process of model-building
justice and excellencethe ideals which are universal
is frequently more important than the resulting model.
in nature and which are (8) in themselves and which
Model-building itself is largely a (4) process about the
are worthy of (9) for their own sake. These ideals are
problem. Most (5) about the characteristics of an ill-
both personally as well as socially (10).
structured problem are gained during the (6) process
1. 1) give 2) stand
of designing a computer model, rather than after the
3) jack 4) climb
model is finished. Another important reason is that
5) tone
most information in an organisation (7) in the mental
2. 1) fibre 2) enactment
models of organisation members. To support policy-
3) reconstruction 4) situation
making in organisation it is this knowledge which
5) appreciation
needs to be (8) and represented in the model. An
3. 1) polarisation 2) degradation
important topic in client-oriented or (9) model building
3) chaos 4) provocation
thus be come s the (10) of re le vant knowle dge
5) sentiments
contained in the mental models of participants.
4. 1) calamity 2) focus
1. 1) evaluating 2) focussing
3) realisation 4) erosion
3) projecting 4) advocating
5) criticism
5) directing
5. 1) durable 2) universal
2. 1) devised 2) exhibited
3) perpetual 4) segmental
3) convinced 4) attributed
5) prolific
5) indicated
6. 1) incorporate 2) induce
3. 1) support 2) valuation
3) implicate 4) inculcate
3) prerequisite 4) material
5) involve
5) blueprint
7. 1) absorbing 2) cherished
4. 1) valuable 2) durable
3) introspective 4) famous
3) tedious 4) learning
5) productive
5) critical
422 Test of English Language

5. 1) thinking 2) insights when East Asia was experiencing (8) difficulties.

3) planning 4) appreciation However, the one unambiguous Achilles heel of
5) opinion the reforms has been the (9) state of government
6. 1) elongated 2) concentrated finances. One of the two crises that India faced in
3) iterative 4) evolving 1990-91 was the unsustainable imbalance between
5) consummate government revenues and (10).
7. 1) resides 2) follows 1. 1) pulsating 2) shocked
3) settles 4) lies 3) commendable 4) promotable
5) committed 5) dipped
8. 1) extended 2) bisected 2. 1) production 2) consumption
3) subjected 4) captured 3) index 4) growth
5) attributed 5) progress
9. 1) revolving 2) interactive 3. 1) moderate 2) lukewarm
3) dogmatic 4) accentuated 3) shaky 4) considerate
5) formative 5) obstinate
10. 1) demarcation 2) formation 4. 1) ledger 2) balance
3) proliferation 4) association 3) equilibrium 4) intention
5) elicitation 5) idea
Attributed = to regard something as belonging 5. 1) demonstrated 2) exercising
t o, caused by or pr oduced by 3) rejecting 4) display

K
somebody/something 5) exhibiting
Prerequisite = a thing required as a condition for
6. 1) substantial 2) exemplary
something to happen or exist
Blueprint = a detailed plan or scheme
3) indicative 4) conservative
Elongate = to make something longer 5) destructive
Iterative = relating to or involving the repetition 7. 1) rationalisation 2) handling
of a process or utterance especially 3) management 4) proportions
of mathematical or computational 5) ration
process. 8. 1) crisis 2) overcoming
Consummate = highly skilled; perfect 3) severe 4) enjoyable
Dogmatic = insisting that ones beliefs are right
5) wailing
and that others should accept them,
without paying attention to evidence
9. 1) critical 2) vulnerable

KUNDAN
or to other opinions 3) prone 4) attackable
Accentuated = to make something very noticeable 5) easygoing
or pr ominent ; to emphasize 10. 1) surplus 2) measurement
something. 3) thinking 4) incomes
Formative = having an important and lasting 5) expenditure
influence on the development of A far cry from
somebodys character something = at or to a great distance
Elicit = to draw facts, a response etc from By and large = in general; generally speaking
somebody, somet imes wit h Ample = enough or more than enough
difficulty. Weather = to come safely through a difficult
period etc; to survive something.
Passage 22 Unambiguous = clear in meaning; that cannot be
interpreted in more than one way
In the decade since reforms were introduced, India
Achilles heel = a week point or small fault
has achieved substantial success in the sphere of especially in somebodys
macroeconomics. Overall growth rate has been (1) character, which cannot be used
except for the last couple of years. It bears pointing or attacked by other people to
out that we have now come to view a 6 per cent (2) their advantage
rate as a slowdown! This is a far cry from pre-reforms Pulsate = to expand and contract with
rate of growth of 3 per cent. The price level has by and strong regular movements
large remained (3) both as measured by the WPI and Commendable = deserving praise
Lu kewa rm = only slightly warm
CPI. Indias (4) of payments position has bee n
Considerate = thoughtful; careful not to hurt or
comfortable. Exports, while (5) some sluggishness this trouble others
fiscal, have been growing. Imports, in spite of (6) Obstinate = difficult to overcome, remove etc
liberalisation, have not gone out of hand. This is amply Exemplary = serving as a good example,
reflected in the comfortable current account deficits suitable to be copied.
(CAD); the CAD-to-GDP ratio has remained way below W ai l = t o cr y or complain about
the crisis (7) that it had achieved in 1991. The rupee something in a loud, usually high
has weathered external turbulence rather well even pitched voice.
Cloze Test 423

Prone = likely to suf fer f rom, do or Passage 24

exper ience somet hing
unfortunate
Passage 23
The weaker sections of the rural population are
mostly from the socially and economically backward
and (1) sections of the village community. Because of
their (2) and financial difficulty, they are not readily
(3) to change their work habits and adopt modern
technology. (4) sure about the traditional methods,
they are (5) to take to (6) equipment and techniques
which require some time to get accustomed for (7)
work.
After holding a number of group meetings with rural
people (8) to different vocations and spread over the
entire country, we can safely say that persons in the
villages are not (9) for training to improve upon their
traditional and hereditary (10) of working.
1. 1) depressed 2) different
Actually everyday we are engaged in this business
of reading people. We do it (1). We want to figure
others out. So we (2) make guesses about what others
think, value, want and feel and we do so based on our
(3) beliefs and understandings about human nature.
We do so because if we can figure out (4) and
intentions of others the possibility of them (5) or
hurting us (6) and this will help us to (7) a lot of
unnecessary pain and trouble. We also make second-
guesses about what they will do in future, how they
will (8) if we make this or that response. We do all
this second-guessing based upon our (9) of what we
believe about the persons inner nature (10) his or
her roles and manners. We mind-read their (11)
motives.
Also, everyday we misguess and misread. Why?
Because of the complexity, (12), and multidimensional
functioning of people. After all, how well do you read

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3) rich 4) privileged your own thoughts, aims, values, motives, beliefs, etc?
5) forward How well do you know your own structuring process
2. 1) ability 2) dependence your own thinking and (13) styles?
3) illiteracy 4) number 1. 1) vehemently 2) practically
5) majority 3) actually 4) incessantly
3. 1) discarding 2) feeling 5) virtually
3) bending 4) undertaking 2. 1) ably 2) constantly
5) willing 3) partly 4) largely
4. 1) Making 2) Having 5) positively
3) Quite 4) Being 3. 1) futuristic 2) proactive
5) Not 3) reactive 4) decorative
5. 1) forced 2) reluctant 5) assumptive

KUNDAN
3) bound 4) prepared 4. 1) manifestations 2) expressions
5) curious 3) motives 4) hopes
6. 1) farming 2) traditional 5) prospects
3) improved 4) powerful 5. 1) tricking 2) blaming
5) old 3) furthering 4) alarming
7. 1) routine 2) monotonous 5) criticizing
3) excessive 4) wasteful 6. 1) lessens 2) happens
5) effective 3) questions 4) deepens
8. 1) accruing 2) helping 5) laments
3) enabling 4) belonging 7. 1) approach 2) direct
5) referring 3) avoid 4) implement
9. 1) eager 2) capable 5) prepare
3) indifferent 4) antagonistic 8. 1) solve 2) apply
5) unwilling 3) plan 4) approach
10. 1) theories 2) techniques 5) respond
3) desires 4) hours 9. 1) projection 2) exhibition
5) policies 3) situation 4) prediction
Vocation = a persons job or profession 5) attribution
Privileged = having a special right or advantage 10. 1) organizing 2) underneath
available only to a particular person 3) appreciating 4) proposing
or group of people 5) outside
Reluctant = unwilling and therefore slow to act, 11. 1) cunning 2) visible
agree etc
3) deeper 4) obvious
Accrue = to allow something to collect over a
period of time; to accumulate
5) proposed
Eag er = full of interest or desire; keen 12. 1) abnormality 2) angularity
Antagonistic = showing or feeling opposition; 3) focus 4) layeredness
hostile; aggressive 5) contribution
424 Test of English Language

13. 1) proposing 2) developing 9. 1) ignorant 2) alert

3) upbringing 4) lamenting 3) prepared 4) vigilant
5) emotive 5) aware
Vehement = showing or caused by strong feeling; 10. 1) administrative 2) financial
passionate 3) capacity 4) business
Incessant = not stopping; continual 5) hierarchical
Virtually = almost
Slackness = laziness
Proactive = creating or controlling a situation by
Anticipate = to expect something
causing things to happen rather
Assimilate = to absorb ideas, information etc in
than reacting to events
the mind
Manifestation = an event, an action, an object or a
statement that shows something
clearly, eg illustrating or resulting
Passage 26
from an abstract idea The first proposal I submitted for my dissertation
Lessen = to become or make something less at UCLA was to write a theory of personality. My
Laments = to feel or express great sorrow or
chairman, a kindly man, smiled (1) and told me that
regret for somebody/something
Underneath = beneath somet hing; below perhaps this was a bit ambitious for a young graduate
something student.
Cunning = clever at deceiving people (2), I accepted his verdict and changed my topic,
Angular = thin and having prominent bones; but not my desire. It (3) later, when I had a chance to
stiff and awkward begin to (4) a theory in my research on group dynamics

K
Emotive = arousing or able to arouse intense
f eeling; t ending t o af fect t he
emotions
Passage 25
The study of accountancy is (1) in demand in the
view of (2) of greater complexity in our business
organisation. Formerly a (3) of day-to-day income and
e xpe nditure was more than (4) . A busine ss
organisation today has to (5) a clear account of the
(6) it uses, the amounts that are owing to it, the
amount that it owes to others, the profit or loss it
for the Navy during the Korean War.
As I (5) on the reasons for the persistence of my
inte rest in the ove rarching theory, I had an (6)
memory. When I was around eight years old, I was a
(7) baseball fan, as was my father. My hero was Lou
Gohrig. I would approach my father in an attempt to
prove to him how good Gohrig really was : He hit 363,
had 49 home runs, batted in 165 runs. Hes terrific!
My fathers response caught me off guard : Yes, but
he cant field. I wasnt prepared for that. From then
on, my way of (8) with my fathers responses was to

KUNDAN
make sure I knew everything about any topic I wanted
has made and the (7) it employs. Without a scientific to talk to him about. Partly as a (9), I became a holist.
(8) of accounting no businessman can be fully (9) of I had to make sure I had (10) for everything.
his real (10) position and run his organisation. 1. 1) usually 2) profusely
1. 1) progressing 2) getting 3) benignly 4) abruptly
3) powering 4) moving 5) decidedly
5) growing 2. 1) Indolently 2) Skilfully
2. 1) demand 2) growth 3) Enchanted 4) Constrained
3) status 4) position 5) Chagrined
5) slackness 3. 1) lamented 2) resurfaced
3. 1) mixture 2) map 3) appreciated 4) provided
3) measure 4) record 5) projected
5) transaction 4. 1) inject 2) involve
4. 1) sufficient 2) anticipated 3) exhibit 4) formulate
3) expected 4) required 5) establish
5) necessary 5. 1) pondered 2) evaluated
5. 1) gather 2) observe 3) developed 4) perfected
3) maintain 4) organise 5) appreciated
5) assimilate 6. 1) interesting 2) obvious
6. 1) manpower 2) infrastructure 3) engulfing 4) esteemed
3) money 4) resources 5) evolving
5) capabilities 7. 1) precarious 2) haunting
7. 1) capital 2) strength 3) deliberate 4) pervasive
3) authority 4) strategies 5) rabid
5) principles 8. 1) patience 2) alliance
8. 1) way 2) plan 3) influence 4) coping
3) system 4) goal 5) questioning
5) purpose
Cloze Test 425

9. 1) custom 2) capacity 2. 1) for 2) was

3) defence 4) preference 3) from 4) with
5) posterity 5) may
10. 1) consideration 2) accounted 3. 1) replacing 2) retailing
3) longing 4) regard 3) rotating 4) re-regulating
5) established 5) reducing
Dissertation = a long essay on a particular subject 4. 1) lie 2) profess
especially one written for a higher 3) exhibit 4) manifest
university degree 5) express
Benignly = kindly; gently; mildly; pleasantly
5. 1) analytical 2) absorbing
Indolent = lazy
Persistence = continuing to do something in spite
3) interesting 4) frightening
of difficulties 5) valuable
Overarching = Covering a wide range of topics, 6. 1) critical 2) obsolete
interests, activities etc 3) modern 4) devastating
Rabid = violent or extreme 5) lamentable
Off guard = not prepared for attack, a surprise 7. 1) durability 2) reactivity
or a mistake 3) activity 4) proactivity
Account for = to give a satisfactory record of
5) capacity
money, etc in ones care.
Prof use = in large amounts; abundant
8. 1) systems 2) managements
Enchanted = filled with delight 3) processes 4) individuals

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Chagrined = af fect ed wit h a f eeling of 5) units
disappointed or annoyance at 9. 1) echoed 2) supported
having failed, made a mistake etc. 3) adjusted 4) provided
Ponder = to thing about something carefully 5) developed
and for a long time especially in 10. 1) directing 2) providing
trying to reach a decision; to consider
3) affecting 4) questioning
Engulf = to surround somebody/something
especially so t hat they ar e
5) projecting
completely covered. Ad apt = to make something suitable for a
Evolve = to develop naturally and usually new use, situation etc.
gradually Foster = t o help t he development of
Esteem = t o have a high opinion of something; to encourage or promote
somebody/something; to respect something

KUNDAN
somebody/something greatly
Precarious = not safe; dangerous
Haunting = beautiful and sad, making a strong
impression and remaining in the
thoughts.
Pervasive = present and seen or felt everywhere
Deliberate = done intentionally
Posterity = all future generations of people
Passage 27
In the past, it was thought learning knowledge took
place in school and for some also in further education.
Then it was a matter of (1) practical skills at work at
the beginning of a career, and with a bit of luck, that
(2) it. Now things have changed. Global competition
is (3) the shelf-life of products and the knowledge
and skills that (4) behind them. The pace of change
can be (5). Knowledge that was leading edge at one
minute can become (6) the next. Therefore, it is the
(7) rather than knowledge that is the key. Successful
organizations have to learn, adapt and change
continuously as do the (8) within them. This is (9) in
the rapid growth of knowledge workers. It is (10) all
levels of organisations.
1. 1) fostering 2) projecting
3) acquiring 4) manipulating
5) culminating
Culminate = t o reach t he highest point or
specified conclusion or result
Obsolete = no longer used; out of date
Shelflife = the length of time for which a stored
item, especially food, remains in
good condition
Passage 28
In (1) of constitutional guarantees relating to
equality of opportunity and various other guarantees
of equality before the law, the social and economic (2)
of women, especially of poor women in India, is well-
known. We are referring mainly to the poor rural women
who have little or no assets and who (3) the bulk of
the female population in rural areas. It is not as if
only poor rural women get less wages or suffer from
social ( 4) be cause the y be long to a particular
community. Even at highe r levels of the socio-
economic hierarchy among the well-to-do groups,
women are not (5) to men. Among the economically
(6) sections of society, womens proper place is (7) to
be the home. In rural areas, women of (8) status
families, normally do not go out to work. In the (9)
value system, the re is a gradation of e conomic
activities, which is (10) in the socio-economic status
of the family.
Thus, if the women of the family do manual labour
in the fields, it denotes low status. Women earning a
426 Test of English Language

living, or supplementing their family income through long and are unlikely to (3) up together again: a(n) (4)
economic activities like stitching, garment-making, or rise in global oil prices, a monsoon that arrived late
some handicraft work, are also considered low because and a spike in global metal prices. North Sea crude
it clearly shows that their family is poor and they are has crossed $42 per barrel, driven up by low petroleum
forced to make ends meet. It is considered right and (5) and soaring demand in the US as war production
proper for a woman to cook, sew and take up activities heats up. Oil markets are also spooked by the (6) of
like pickle-making for her own family. But, if she were Russian oil supplies falling on the back of the Yukos-
to earn a wage through these same activities, it Sibneft probe. Theres little that the government can
denotes poverty and also, often, low socio-economic do to (7) users from soaring oil pricesindeed, it
status. shouldnt, if it wants to (8) efficiency. Higher transport
1. 1) support 2) spite costs have pushed up rates of vegetables and fruits.
3) contrast 4) wake Farm produce could also get affected by rains that
5) view arrived too late for kharif sowing. China is (9) up steel
2. 1) condition 2) prosperity and other metals from all over the world to (10) a
3) progress 4) deprivation construction boom ahead of the 2008 Olympics,
5) value making metal prices soar all over the world, and
3. 1) constitute 2) deploy sparking inflation in India.
3) measure 4) define 1. 1) mere 2) moderate
5) exploit 3) retarding 4) vehement
4. 1) status 2) service 5) dull

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3) indifference 4) ignorance 2. 1) obstinate 2) constitute
5) discrimination 3) persist 4) repeat
5. 1) dedicated 2) accountable 5) normalise
3) equal 4) responsible 3. 1) go 2) scramble
5) antagonistic 3) mount 4) yield
6. 1) marginal 2) significant 5) crop
3) well-off 4) affordable 4. 1) sustained 2) suspicious
5) dependable 3) horrific 4) erratic
7. 1) entitled 2) decided 5) favourable
3) indicated 4) debated 5. 1) lists 2) trades
5) considered 3) services 4) inventories

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8. 1) economic 2) appropriate 5) details
3) ample 4) higher 6. 1) prospect 2) progress
5) social 3) view 4) extent
9. 1) unequal 2) prevailing 5) deposit
3) appropriate 4) commendable 7. 1) support 2) ignore
5) deplorable 3) propel 4) prolong
10. 1) reflected 2) exempted 5) insulate
3) barred 4) considered 8. 1) position 2) promote
5) neglected 3) process 4) pass
Deprivation = the state of not having the benefits 5) form
that most people have, such as a 9. 1) hurrying 2) passing
home and enough food, money etc 3) pairing 4) gobbling
Deploy = to use something effectively
5) throwing
Antagonistic= showing or feeling opposition;
hostile; aggressive
10. 1) keep 2) make
Prevailing = most usual or widespread 3) feed 4) grow
Commendable = deserving praise 5) fight
Deplorable = that is, or should be condemned Scary = causing fear or alarm
Exempt = to make somebody/something free Crop up = t o appear or occur especially
from an obligation, duty or payment unexpectedly
Persist = t o continue t o do somet hing
Passage 29 especially with determination and
inspite of difficulty, opposition,
After ten years of (1) inflation, prices have hiked argument or failure
7.5% in the third week of July. This looks scaryafter Soar = to rise quickly to a high level or
all, Indians had got used to prices crawling up by 2% standard
in the last two years, and a 10-year average inflation Spook = to become suddenly frightened by
rate of about 5%but you shouldnt worry. This burst something
Probe = a thorough and careful investigation
of inflation is the result of three factors that have
of something
come together unexpectedly, are unlikely to (2) for
Cloze Test 427

Gobble up = to use up all of something very 9. 1) closely 2) previously

quickly. 3) timely 4) hastily
Vehement = showing or caused by strong feeling; 5) questioningly
passionate
10. 1) stately 2) manifold
Obstinate = refusing to change ones opinion or
decision, despit e at t empt s t o
3) shrinking 4) applicable
persuade one. 5) functioning
Horrific = causing horror Underlying = exiting in relation to a situation but
Inventory = a detailed list eg of goods, furniture not immediately obvious
or jobs to be done. Disseminate = to spread ideas, beliefs etc widely
Propel = to move, drive or push something/ Impetus = a force that encourages a process to
somebody forward develop more quickly
Prolong = to make something last longer Ramification = any of a large number of complex
Insulate = to protect somebody/something or unexpected results that follow an
from the unpleasant effects of action or a decision.
something. Disrupt = to make it difficult for something to
pr oceed, eg by causing noise,
Passage 30 problem, interruptions etc.
Systemic = done or acting according to a system
In recent years, the banking industry has been or plan
undergoing rapid changes, reflecting a number of (1) Relegate = to give somebody/something a
developments. The most significant has been advances lower or less important rank, task
in communication and information technology. Which or state.

K
have (2) and broadened the (3) of financial information
while lowering the costs of many financial activities.
A second key (4) for change has been the increasing
competition among a broad (5) of domestic and foreign
institutions in providing banking and (6) financial
services. Third, financial activity has become larger
relative to overall economic activity in most economies.
This has meant that any (7) of the financial markets
or financial infrastructure has broader economic (8)
than might have be e n the case (9) . The se
de ve lopme nts have (10) conse que nce s for the
Hastily = hurriedly
Stately = having dignity; impressive; grand
Passage 31
Tea prices in the domestic (1) continue to rule high
in the (2) ye ar despite the expectation of a (3)
production as compared to the previous year. According
to a preliminary assessment (4) on the weather (5) in
recent months, tea output in the next year may reach
800 tons as (6) 780 tons last year. During the past
three months tea prices have shown an (7). Unlike

KUNDAN
institutional and systemic structure of the financial last year when tea prices were dramatically low, this
sector in general and banking in particular. year prices seem to have (8) at rather high level. In
1. 1) challenging 2) subjective the subsequent four months, the (9) average price
3) situated 4) underlying showed a downtrend, but in September the price has
5) principled (10) hardened to a considerable extent.
2. 1) measured 2) motioned 1. 1) market 2) area
3) habituated 4) processed 3) sector 4) profit
5) accelerated 5) production
3. 1) concealment 2) disagreement 2. 1) last 2) first
3) dissemination 4) sowing 3) current 4) second 4) earlier
5) differentiation 3. 1) lower 2) large
4. 1) force 2) impetus 3) higher 4) maximum
3) pull 4) movement 5) reasonable
5) energy 4. 1) shared 2) based
5. 1) group 2) rank 3) carried 4) strategy
3) place 4) range 5) conducted
5) row 5. 1) pattern 2) forecast
6. 1) personal 2) relegated 3) condition 4) outbreak
3) related 4) noticed 5) out bursts
5) referenced 6. 1) to 2) per
7. 1) disruption 2) dissociation 3) above 4) against
3) shattering 4) split 5) compared
5) dissection 7. 1) upgrade 2) uptrend
8. 1) branches 2) clusters 3) increased 4) increment
3) arrangement 4) ramifications 5) incline
5) subdivisions 8. 1) stabilised 2) surfaced
3) increased 4) moderated
5) synchronised
428 Test of English Language

9. 1) annual 2) weekly making a profit through changes in

3) daily 4) quarterly their value, but with the risk of
5) monthly losing money.
Conform = to follow generally accepted rules,
10. 1) now 2) then
standards etc; to comply
3) since 4) never Legitimate = in accordance with law or rules; legal
5) again Enact = to make or pass a law
Subsequent = later; following
Incline = to lean or slope or cause something Passage 33
to lean or slope, in a certain direction
Synchronise = to operate, move, turn etc at the First aid experts stress that (1) what to do for an
same time, speed etc. (2) victim until a doctor or other trained person gets
to the accident scene can (3) a life, especially in cases
Passage 32 of stoppage of breathing, severe bleeding, and shock.
A National Horticulture Mission is proposed to be People with special (4) problems, such as diabetes,
launched with a goal to (1) horticulture production by cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or allergy, are (5) to
2011 -12. States have been (2) to join (3) with the wear some sort of emblem identifying the problem, as
Centre in launching this mission and establish a State a safeguard against administration of medication that
Level Cooperative Society for promoting horticulture. might be injurious or even (6). When emergencies do
Farmers will be (4) to (5) into oilseeds through occur, (7) first aid within the first few minutes often
promotion of superior seed technology and through (8) life or death. (9) administering of first aid (10)

K
an (6) policy of price support. medical professionals to provide better care.
A model law on (7) of agricultural produce has been 1. 1) before 2) attempting
circulated and, so far, ten States have (8) legal or (9) 3) regarding 4) knowing
action for direct marketing and contract farming 5) about
arrangements in line with the model law. The Budget 2. 1) injured 2) inquiring
urged all the States to (10) the model law at an early 3) efficient 4) important
date. 5) accidental
1. 1) channelise 2) market 3. 1) harm 2) comfort
3) mobilise 4) double 3) take 4) soothe
5) sell off 5) save
2. 1) found 2) invited 4. 1) mental 2) ethical
3) reported 4) noticed 3) medical 4) accident

KUNDAN
5) dedicated 5) moral
3. 1) hands 2) themselves 5. 1) prohibited 2) invited
3) them 4) along 3) compelled 4) allowed
5) products 5) urged
4. 1) empowered 2) encouraged 6. 1) appropriate 2) dangerous
3) paid 4) granted 3) beneficial 4) fatal
5) authorised 5) remedial
5. 1) look 2) turn 7. 1) expecting 2) providing
3) diversify 4) involve 3) avoiding 4) ignoring
5) invest 5) neglecting
6. 1) independent 2) encouraging 8. 1) determines 2) offers
3) expensive 4) exact 3) vanishes 4) reflects
5) appropriate 5) begs
7. 1) distribution 2) storage 9. 1) Hasty 2) Careless
3) harvesting 4) marketing 3) Proper 4) Probable
5) investment 5) Reasonably
8. 1) precipitated 2) speculated 10. 1) resists 2) instigates
3) initiated 4) prohibited 3) hinders 4) prevents
5) enforced 5) enables
9. 1) penal 2) conforming Epilepsy = a disease of the nervous system
t hat causes a per son to f all
3) legitimate 4) informal
unconscious, often with violent
5) administrative movements of the body.
10. 1) enact 2) explain Emblem = an object t hat r epr esent s
3) interpret 4) clarify something; a symbol
5) elaborate Fat al = causing or ending in death
Speculate = to guess; to buy and sell goods or Sa f e gu ar d = a thing that serves as a protection
stocks and shares in the hope of from harm, risk, or danger
Cloze Test 429

U rg e = to recommend or advise something discussion and without quarrelling

strongly Meticulous = giving or showing great care and
Remedial = providing or intended to provide a attention to detail.
treatment, medicine etc that cures
of disease or relieves pain. Passage 35
Instigate = to make something begin or happen
Hinder = to prevent or delay the progress of If an (1) is genius, he (2) the penalty of genius. If
somebody/something he has only talent, various cares and worries make
life extremely (3). He takes great pains (4) compose.
Passage 34 He meets with continuous (5) at his inability to reveal
(6). Also he is often (7) with the difficulty of (8) the
New technology has led directly to (1) standards of
public ear. A literary life (9), therefore, mostly an
living, yet science tends to follow market forces as
unhappy (10).
well as to (2) them. It is not surprising that the rich
1. 1) individual 2) ideal
get richer in a continuing cycle of (3) while the poorest
3) invention 4) event
are often left behind. A special (4) should be made by
5) author
the powerhouses of world science to address the
2. 1) tolerates 2) prevents
unmet challenges of the poor. Ending (5) poverty can
3) suffers 4) imposes
relieve many of the pressures on the environment.
5) inflicts
When impoverished households are (6) (7) on their
3. 1) miserable 2) impatient
farms, for example, they face less pressure to cut down
3) comfortable 4) happy
neighbouring forests in (8) of new farmland. Still, even

K
5) bearable
as extreme poverty ends, we must not fuel prosperity
4. 1) about 2) with
with a lack of (9) for industrial pollution and the (10)
3) in 4) to
burning of fossil fuels.
5) and
1. 1) visible 2) declining
5. 1) admiration 2) disappointment
3) improved 4) amicable
3) disapproval 4) criticism
5) rigorous
5) satisfaction
2. 1) fail 2) claim
6. 1) public 2) them
3) market 4) avoid
3) himself 4) literature
5) lead
5) others
3. 1) wealth 2) growth
7. 1) down 2) engaged
3) poverty 4) improvement
3) busy 4) leading

KUNDAN
5) economy
5) faced
4. 1) effort 2) care
8. 1) entering 2) sounding
3) practice 4) occasion
3)awakening 4) gaining
5) sanction
5) listening
5. 1) marginal 2) apparent
9. 1) is 2) governs
3) superficial 4) extreme
3) leads 4) begins
5) dismal
5) wishes
6. 1) abnormally 2) less
10. 1) thing 2) one
3) more 4) excessively
3) ending 4) event
5) unreasonably
5) incidence
7. 1) efficient 2) meticulous
Inflict = t o make somebody/something
3) careful 4) dependent suf f er somet hing; t o make
5) productive somebody expect something that is
8. 1) view 2) search unpleasant or not welcome
3) expectation 4) lust
5) place Passage 36
9. 1) attitude 2) mobility
The Indian Meteorological Department has sought
3) initiative 4) concern
permission to (1) a Doppler weather radar system -
5) ease
use d for long-range we athe r fore casting. The
10. 1) unchecked 2) repeated
Government had (2) the equipment in the wake of
3) periodical 4) occasional
26/7 and (3) to find a suitable location have been on
5) limited
(4) then. The key factor is that the radars antenna is
Unmet = not satisfied
to be installed in an (5) area of a few square kilometres
Dismal = less good than expected; very poor;
miserable; gloomy far from highrises, (6) at an altitude. The radar would
Impoverish = to make somebody poor; to make also need to be (7) near the coast as it would be used
somebody poorer or worse in quality to (8) high-intensity storms or cyclones. MHCC has
Amicable = based on or achieved through polite hinted it is willing to (9) clearance for the Colaba site,
430 Test of English Language

but only after (10) the location. It was after (11) around Encumber = to pr ev ent somebody/
for locations across the city that the office proposed something from moving or
to locate the radar near the observatory. But the acting freely and easily
Scout around = to look in various places to find
problem of finding a suitable site within the (12) still
somebody/something
remains. The area is very congested. We will have to Abstain = to keep oneself from doing or
locate a site not only from the heritage (13) of view having something that one
but also the radar needs to be at a height which is likes or enjoys.
higher than all the buildings in the area. The naval Precinct = an area in a town for specific or
residential buildings which are in the area are 13-14 restricted use, especially a
storeys high. If at all it is to be set up at Colaba then shoping area where vehicles
it must be above the (14) structures so that signals may not enter.
reaching the antenna are not (15).
Passage 37
1. 1) detach 2) install
3) launch 4) fix Several studies have (1) that folks who (2) engage
5) attach in mentally challenging activitieslike reading, doing
2. 1) granted 2) realised crossword puzzles or playing chess(3) less likely to
3) abstained 4) seen (4) dementia later in life. The difficulty comes in
5) sanctioned figuring out (5) their good fortune is a direct (6) of
3. 1) try 2) project their leisure activities or whether their continuing
3) commission 4) efforts pursuit of these pleasures merely (7) good genes for

K
5) worked cognitive function.
4. 1) since 2) until A 20-year survey of 469 elderly people living in the
3) already 4) at Bronx, New York, tried to get to the (8) of this chicken-
5) for or-egg question by following subjects who (9) no signs
5. 1) inseparable 2) encumbered of dementia in the first seven years of the study. The
3) unencumbered 4) unpossessed results, which were published in 2003, showed that
5) occupied reading and playing board games or a musical
6. 1) hopelessly 2) hoping instrume nt was (10) with a de cre ase d risk of
3) enacting 4) preferably Alzehimer's disease or other forms of dementia. (11),
5) undesirably those with the strongest habits (12) the greatest
7. 1) erected 2) located benefits. Participants who solved crossword puzzles

KUNDAN
3) stalled 4) tied four days a week, for instance, had a 47% (13) risk of
5) build dementia than those who do the puzzles once a week.
8. 1) deduct 2) examine By the same (14), several studies have suggested
3) feel 4) evaluate that older folks who are socially active (15), for
5) detect example, do volunteer work or attend religious services
9. 1) advocate 2) launch have a reduced risk of dementia.
3) pass 4) grant 1. 1) done 2) performed
5) grand 3) found 4) led
10. 1) examining 2) study 5) ensured
3) scanning 4) combing 2. 1) seldom 2) never
5) watching 3) absently 4) reluctantly
11. 1) marching 2) chasing 5) regularly
3) scouting 4) pursuing 3. 1) seem 2) have
5) hunting 3) were 4) refrain
12. 1) campus 2) premises 5) ascertain
3) area 4) perimeter 4. 1) cure 2) engage
5) precinct 3) embarrass 4) develop
13. 1) site 2) point 5) form
3) angle 4) out 5. 1) that 2) low
5) sight 3) when 4) why
14. 1) existing 2) enacted 5) whether
3) demolished 4) planned 6. 1) goal 2) result
5) conceived 3) measure 4) route
15. 1) stopped 2) hurdled 5) offer
3) blocked 4) paused 7. 1) encourages 2) reflects
5) halted 3) enhances 4) engenders
In the wake of = coming af ter or f ollowing 5) threats
something
Cloze Test 431

8. 1) height 2) cause Demonstrate = to show something clearly by

3) bottom 4) dilemma giving proof or evidence
5) anxiety
9. 1) had 2) conceal
Passage 38
3) reserve 4) force The growth story in any developing country cannot
5) accumulate be (1) without (2) its impact on the poverty and
10. 1) bereft 2) together employment situation. The Planning Commission has
3) envisaged 4) associated (3) that India should strive for more inclusive growth.
5) anticipated The number of people living below the poverty line
11. 1) Luckily 2) Certainly has (4) from 36 per cent in 1993-94 to 22.0 per cent in
3) Intriguingly 4) Unfortunately 2004-05. Again, the issue is to bring more and more
5) Obviously pe ople out of pove rty by (5) the m productive
12. 1) targeted 2) demonstrated employment opportunities. The Approach Paper to 11th
3) deserved 4) demanded Five Year Plan suggests that doubling the growth of
5) expected agricultural GDP to 4 per cent per annum will (6) rural
13. 1) more 2) greatly employment conditions, by raising real wages and
3) sharper 4) steeper reducing underemployment. However, even if this is
5) lower attained, an overall growth of 9 per cent will further
14. 1) token 2) way increase income (7) between agricultural and non-
3) analogy 4) example agricultural households, (8) around 10 million workers

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5) author currently in agriculture find remunerative non-
15. 1) they 2) always agricultural employment. This (9) a major challenge
3) same 4) who not only in terms of generating non-agricultural
5) many employment but also in (10) its required location and
Dementia = a serious disorder of mind caused type.
by brain disease or injury 1. 1) completed 2) retold
Figure out = t o under st and somebody/
3) achieved 4) constructed
something by thinking about them/
it. 5) narrated
Pursuit = the action of looking for or trying to 2. 1) generating 2) assessing
find something. 3) realising 4) counting
Merely = only; simply 5) finding
Cognitive = of or relating to the action or process 3. 1) desired 2) estimated

KUNDAN
of acquir ing knowledge and 3) focused 4) verified
understanding through thought, 5) stressed
experience or the senses
4. 1) uplifted 2) degraded
By the same = exactly the one or ones referred
token to or mentioned; not different; 3) vanished 4) decreased
identical 5) enhanced
Refrain = to stop oneself doing something, 5. 1) absolving 2) providing
especially something that one would 3) nurturing 4) ignoring
like to do. 5) refusing
Ascertain = to investigate something so that one 6. 1) impact 2) diversify
knows and is certain; to find out 3) lay 4) aggravate
something
5) improve
Engender = to be the cause of a situation or
condition 7. 1) opportunity 2) assessment
Dilemma = a situation in which one has to 3) disparity 4) parity
choose between two undesirable 5) tax
things or courses of action. 8. 1) unless 2) for
Conceal = to hide somebody/something 3) in spite of 4) despite
Bereft = without or having lost a particular 5) by
power or quality; lacking hope, 9. 1) addresses 2) meets
support or ideas
3) poses 4) recognises
Envisage = to imagine something as a future
possibility; to form a mental picture 5) solves
of something 10. 1) exploring 2) acquitting
Anticipate = to expect something; to see what is 3) reciprocating 4) matching
going to happen or what will need 5) solving
to be done and take action to Strive = to try very hard or for a long time to
prepare for it in advance. obtain or achieve something; to fight
Intriguing = interest ing especially because hard against somebody/something
unusual; fascinating or mysterious Remunerative = for which one is well paid
432 Test of English Language

Absolve = to declare that somebody is free of 9. 1) resolve 2) order

guilt blame etc 3) observe 4) diagnose
Parity = the state of being equal especially 5) recommend
as regards status or pay
10. 1) casual 2) good
Disparity = a difference
Explore = to examine something thoroughly in
3) surgeon 4) handsome
order to test it or find out about it 5) insincere
Acquit = to declare somebody to be not guilty 11. 1) with 2) for
of a crime etc; to free or clear 3) at 4) upon
somebody of blame responsibility 5) in
etc 12. 1) dose 2) drug
Reciprocate = to give and receive something in 3) intake 4) nourishment
return; to make a mutual exchange
5) punishment
of something
13. 1) oppose 2) protest
Passage 39 3) subject 4) care
5) object
Though I had hired cabins in Bandra and a house 14. 1) oppose 2) take
in Andheri, divinity would not let me settle down. (1) 3) prescribe 4) describe
had I moved into my new house when my brother 5) propose
Balmukund, who had already been through an (2) 15. 1) hard 2) unkind
attack of jaundice some years back, had a (3) attack 3) easy 4) wise

K
of typhoid, ( 4) with pne umonia and signs of 5) careful
restlessness at night. The doctor was (5) in. He said Divinity = the quality of being God or a god.
medicine would have (6) effect, but eggs and chicken Confer with = to have discussions especially in
both might be given. Balmukund was only five years order to exchange opinions or get
old. To confer with his wishes was out of the question. advice
Being his (7) I had to (8). The doctor was very good. I Nourishment = f ood that keeps somebody/
something alive and well.
told him that we were all vegetarians and that I could
Prescribe = to advise or order the use of a
not possibly give either of the two things to my brother. medicine or medical treatment.
Would he therefore (9) something else? Your brothers Burly = big and strong; heavily built.
life is in danger, said the (10) doctor. We could give
him milk diluted (11) water, but that will not give him Passage 40
enough (12). As you know, I am called in by many

KUNDAN
In our system, a vast gap (1) the life children lead
vegetarian families, and they do not (13) to anything I
at school and what they experience outside. The space
(14). I think you will be well advised not to be so (15)
where they are (2) to learn about life is so far removed
on your brother.
from (3) that we might as well ask (4) to buy space-
1. 1) Then 2) Hardly
suits for their little ones, instead of school uniforms.
3) Wherever 4) Quicker
(5) they read, listen to and copy from the blackboard
5) Why
is so meticulously deodorised and (6) that it carries
2. 1) heart 2) big
no resonance of experienced reality and (7) in life.
3) acute 4) hard
The school day becomes a (8) of didactic songs and
5) harsh
memorised information. Special (9) are marked by
3. 1) unforgiving 2) hard
elaborate acts of sycophancy and preaching. School
3) burly 4) severe
authorities (10) stop talking about values, but ignore
5) tough
the cynicism felt by the young over the high levels of
4. 1) couple 2) felt
chicanery and verbosity they find in adult talk.
3) combined 4) joint
1. 1) occurs 2) separates
5) adjoining
3) bridges 4) escapes
5. 1) brought 2) called
5) finds
3) invited 4) sent
2. 1) about 2) worried
5) commissioned
3) compelled 4) supposed
6. 1) negligent 2) soothed
5) deprived
3) rough 4) little
3. 1) reality 2) school
5) deep
3) fantasy 4) imagination
7. 1) doctor 2) attendant
5) existence
3) nurse 4) forefather
4. 1) teachers 2) principals
5) guardian
3) schools 4) coaching classes
8. 1) plead 2) hide
5) parents
3) pressurise 4) decide
5) proceed
Cloze Test 433

5. 1) When 2) How and economic settlements. Even though the numbers

3) What 4) Whether involved in violent deaths are (7) by the larger numbers
5) Whenever that (8) from (9) of healthcare, the crude and brutal
6. 1) sanctified 2) written nature of this form of gender inequality makes it a
3) emphasised 4) memorised particularly severe (10) of the deprivation of women.
5) imbibed 1. 1) expectations 2) counting
7. 1) demand 2) culture 3) incidence 4) acceptance
3) miseries 4) joy 5) responses
5) applicability 2. 1) frequency 2) occurrence
8. 1) programme 2) ritual 3) event 4) chance
3) consult 4) tradition 5) blocking
5) store 3. 1) relatively 2) clearly
9. 1) persons 2) leaders 3) surely 4) undoubtedly
3) locations 4) occasions 5) astonishingly
5) indications 4. 1) accomplished 2) acknowledged
10. 1) always 2) deliberately 3) cleared 4) understand
3) seldom 4) relentlessly 5) assured
5) invariably 5. 1) anxiety 2) terrible
Spacesuit = a sealed suit covering the whole 3) surprise 4) power
body and supplied with air, allowing 5) form

K
somebody to survive and move 6. 1) national 2) visible
about in space.
3) social 4) category
Sanctify = the state of being holy or sacred; to
make somebody/something holy; to
5) personal
justify something 7. 1) fewer 2) outshine
Resonance = the power to bring, images, feelings, 3) lean 4) dwarfed
memories etc into the mind of the 5) horrible
reader, listener etc. 8. 1) perish 2) develop
Deodorise = to hide or remove unpleasant smells 3) spoil 4) incline
from something 5) direct
Didactic = designed f or t he purpose of
9. 1) omission 2) attention
teaching something
Sycophancy = the action of gaining peoples favour
3) care 4) effort
by insincere pr aise or always 5) neglect

KUNDAN
agreeing with them 10. 1) remark 2) indication
Cynic = a person who questions whether 3) happening 4) manifestation
something will really happen, 5) rise
whether something is important etc Brutal = cruel; savage; without mercy
Chicanery = the use of clever but misleading talk Incidence = the extent to which something
in order to trick somebody; false happens or has an effect.
argument Remarkable = unusual or exceptional; worth
Verbosity = noun of the word verbose noticing
Verbose = using or containing more words than Batter = to hit somebody/something hard
are needed and repeatedly.
Imbibe = to adsorb something Astonishingly = very surprisingly
Misery = great suffering or discomfort of mind Terrible = v er y unpleasant and ser ious;
or body. causing one to feel very unhappy or
Relentless = never ending; constant upset
Invariably = always Dwa rf = to make somebody/something seem
small by contrast or distance.
Passage 41 Perish = to be destroyed; to die
Manifestation = an event, an action, an object or a
One of the most brutal features of gender inequality statement that shows something
takes the form of physical violence against women. clearly eg illustrating and resulting
The (1) of such violence is remarkably high, not only from an abstract idea.
in poorer and less developed economies but also in Accomplish = to succeed in doing something; to
wealthy and modern societies. Indeed the (2) of complete something successfully.
battering wome n e ven in the richest and most Accomplished = skilled; well trained or educated
developed economies is (3) high. Turning to India, it in social skills such as conversation,
art, music etc.
must be (4) first that the frequency of assaults on
women is high in the country. To that (5) general
recognition has to be added the special role of violence
connected with particular (6) features, such as dowry
434 Test of English Language

Passage 42 13. 1) louder 2) fewer

3) magnificent 4) most
With the US military tied down on two fronts and 5) bigger
the rest of the world growing (1) to American power, 14. 1) instability 2) fuel
the challenges for Rice are as (2) as they have been 3) energy 4) peace
for any Secretary of State in the past three decades. 5) atrocity
After six years of tussling with others on Bushs 15. 1) defusing 2) demolishing
national-security team, Rice has seen off her rivals 3) terminating 4) igniting
and (3) as the principal spokesperson for Bushs 5) extinguishing
foreign (4). Her reward has been to (5) responsibility Tie down = to restrict somebody/oneself to
for selling a failed policy in Iraq and (6) a legacy for cer t ain conditions or a f ixed
Bush at a time when (7) in the world are in the mood occupation or place.
to help her. Bush is severely (8) and has very little Tussle = to struggle or fight to get something
(9) or support at home or abroad, says Leslie Gelb, See off = to force somebody to leave a place
Grim = very bad; of very low quality
former president of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Emanate = to come or flow from something/
That is (10) true for his Secretary of State. So they somebody or from a place.
are (11) flailing around. Ignite = to start to burn or make something
Thats a grim assessment, since the (12) to start to burn
international order are (13) today than at any other Subservient = giving too much respect, obedience
time since the end of the cold war. The most immediate etc

K
source of (14) emanates from where the country civil Trivial = of little importance; concerned with
war risks (15) a region-wide conflict. unimportant thing
Daunt = to discourage or frighten somebody
1. 1) resistant 2) subservient
Entrust = to give responsibility for somebody/
3) immune 4) cordial something to somebody
5) indifference Shi rk = to avoid doing work, ones duty etc
2. 1) obvious 2) trivial because one is lazy, cowardly, not
3) superfluous 4) daunting interested etc.
5) rewarding Inherit = to have features or qualities similar
3. 1) renamed 2) emerged to those of an ancestor.
3) appointed 4) entrusted Visualize = t o f or m a ment al pict ur e of
somebody/something
5) visited
Salvage = to save something from harm,
4. 1) aid 2) recognition

KUNDAN
disaster, difficult circumstances etc.
3) policy 4) acceptability Autocrat = a person who expects to be obeyed
5) minister at all times and pays no attention to
5. 1) shirk 2) avoid the opinions, feelings etc of others
3) transfer 4) visualize Inadvertent = not done deliber ately or
5) inherit intentionally
6. 1) focusing 2) framing Pleasantry = a friendly casual remark usually
made in order to appear polite
3) escaping 4) salvage
Accolade = an award of praise, approval or
5) demolishing honour
7. 1) people 2) few Atrocity = a very wicked or cruel act.
3) diplomats 4) autocrats Extinguish = to cause something to stop burning
5) most Legacy = money or property left to a person
8. 1) intensified 2) master-minded when somebody dies.
3) weakened 4) projected
5) supported Passage 43
9. 1) credibility 2) difficulty Delinking of jobs from degrees is one of the (1)
3) majority 4) power features of our education (2). There has been a (3)
5) enthusiasm fall in (4) in the academic field in recent years. There
10. 1) not 2) uniformly is a (5) of degree holders in the country. As a result,
3) remotely 4) partially university degrees have (6) their value and charm while
5) also the number of students in colleges and universities
11. 1) effectively 2) inadvertently of the country has been (7) rising. Consequently,
3) basically 4) aimlessly thousands of graduates and postgraduates come out
5) not of these institutions and stand in queues waiting to
12. 1) admirations 2) threats get some (8) jobs (9) in the country. Moreover, these
3) pleasantries 4) demands degree holders do not have any technical or vocational
5) accolades knowledge needed for a particular job. As a result,
Cloze Test 435

the number of educated unemployed has been rising find programmes that (9) the benefits of remitted cash
(10). It has created a very serious problem. while (10) some of its downside.
1. 1) minor 2) trivial 1. 1) accelerated 2) grew
3) unachievable 4) irrelevant 3) expand 4) increase
5) salient 5) escalating
2. 1) process 2) policy 2. 1) strike 2) encouraged
3) development 4) guideline 3) astonished 4) convinced
5) procedures 5) disturb
3. 1) expected 2) sheer 3. 1) rise 2) represent
3) rough 4) steep 3) project 4) exceed
5) gentle 5) recover
4. 1) assessment 2) evaluation 4. 1) record 2) tracks
3) competence 4) fees 3) estimate 4) report
5) value 5) surveys
5. 1) flood 2) class 5. 1) Detrimental 2) Minor
3) party 4) mob 3) Profuse 4) Benefited
5) rabble 5) Vital
6. 1) mislaid 2) lost 6. 1) circumstance 2) profit
3) increase 4) found 3) impact 4) status
5) establish 5) quality

K
7. 1) slowly 2) hastily 7. 1) declaring 2) established
3) deeply 4) gradually 3) measuring 4) reforming
5) steadily 5) govern
8. 1) prestigious 2) trivial 8. 1) mask 2) hid
3) menial 4) academic 3) review 4) display
5) managerial 5) supported
9. 1) occurring 2) posted 9. 1) launch 2) predict
3) created 4) available 3) optimum 4) appreciate
5) advertised 5) maximize
10. 1) exponentially 2) awfully 10. 1) augmenting 2) avoiding
3) terribly 4) fast 3) suspend 4) protects
5) incalculably 5) detracting

KUNDAN
Salient = most noticeable or important; main Astonish = to surprise somebody greatly
Consequently = as a result; therefore Remittance = a sum of money sent in payment for
Vocational = of or relating to the qualifications something; the sending of money in
and pr epar at ion needed f or a payment for something
particular job Alleviate = to make something less severe; to
Sheer = complete; nothing more than ease something
Rabble = a large disorderly group of people; a Plight = a serious and difficult situation or
mob. condition
Menial = not requiring much skill and often Put off = put something to a later time or date;
boring to delay something
Awful = ext r emely bad or unpleasant ; Ma s k = to hide or disguise something
terrible Remit = to send money etc to a person or
place especially by post.
Passage 44 Escalate = to increase or develop by successive
stages
Mass migration has produced a huge worldwide Detrimental = harmful
economy of its own which has (1) so fast during the Prof use = in large amounts; abundant
past few years that the figures have (2) experts. Last Optimum = best or most favourable
year remittances sent home by migrants were expected Augment = to make something larger in number
to (3) $232 billion according to the World Bank which or size; to increase something
(4) these figures. (5) though the flow of remittances Detract = to make something seem less good
or of lower value
is to alleviate the plight of the migrants family it
cannot on its own lift entire nations out of poverty. Passage 45
Those who study the (6) of remittances argue that
the money allows poor countries to put off basic Some places are so beautiful that they (1) the viewer
decisions of economic management like (7) their tax for all eternity. So it was for Emperor Muhammad
collection systems and building schools. Remittances Zahiruddin Babur, the 16th-century monarch who (2)
to poor countries can also (8) the fact that they do away his time in the pleasure gardens of Kabul before
not produce much at home. The challenge is now to heading south to India in 1525 to (3) the Mughal
436 Test of English Language

Empire. Though Babur built a dynasty that was to last F ra g r an t = having a pleasant or sweet smell
for 300 years, he never (4) his beloved Kabul, and (5) Dwell = to live in or at a place
vast riche s to re cre ate the garde ns (6) the
subcontinent. Those Mughal gardens, as they are now
Passage 46
(7), grace ancient capitals from Delhi to Srinagar with At just (1) midnight on July 1, 1997 in a glittering
their (8) vistas and strict architectural symmetry. But, and poignant ceremony, Hong Kong passed from being
Babur never really (9) at home in India and asked a jewel of the British empire to a (2) of a new global
that (10) his death his body be returned to Kabul and power. Hong Kong people (3) their citys handover from
laid to rest in his favourite garden. the UK to China with (4) feelings: apprehension over
1. 1) attracted 2) haunt the future, joy at a fresh start, sadness at seeing the
3) fascinated 4) accommodate British go, pride over returning to their motherland.
5) implore On the eve of the handover, the stock market index, a
2. 1) cast 2) fed key barometer of Hong Kongs wealth, (5) at a record
3) gave 4) whiled 15,200 points and today it (6) near the 21,000 mark.
5) deported Being a part of a booming China almost guarantees
3. 1) establish 2) travelled that Hong Kong will remain (7). But mainland China
3) crown 4) situate is a (8) as well as a partner. Chinas new ports, for
5) find example, will siphon trade (9) from Hong Kong and its
4. 1) reached 2) visited lower labour costs will impact the jobs. However, there
3) saw 4) remembered is little doubt that Hong Kong is fortunate to have

K
5) forgot become a part of China at a time when mainland China
5. 1) accumulates 2) confiscated can provide (10) opportunity.
3) exhausted 4) demanded 1. 1) recorded 2) near
5) looted 3) close 4) past
6. 1) into 2) over 5) quite
3) overlooking 4) throughout 2. 1) component 2) premises
5) encroaching 3) captive 4) merger
7. 1) destroyed 2) dilapidated 5) list
3) rebuilt 4) inhabited 3. 1) encounter 2) decided
5) known 3) viewed 4) restrained
8. 1) elegant 2) notorious 5) told

KUNDAN
3) obnoxious 4) fragrant 4. 1) flexible 2) emotional
5) infrequent 3) mixed 4) changed
9. 1) went 2) dwelt 5) negative
3) felt 4) rested 5. 1) plunged 2) rose
5) enjoyed 3) valued 4) climbed
10. 1) before 2) upon 5) stood
3) till 4) in 6. 1) follows 2) pauses
5) at 3) fell 4) hovers
Haunt = to return repeatedly to somebodys 5) measure
mind; to be impossible for somebody 7. 1) marginalised 2) prosperous
to forget
3) orderly 4) friendly
Eternity = time without end; endless life after
death 5) poor
While away = to pass a period of time in a relaxed 8. 1) competitor 2) representative
way 3) adversary 4) colleague
Grace = a quality of simple elegant beauty 5) member
and smoothly controlled movement. 9. 1) against 2) away
Elegant = gr acef ul and att r act iv e in 3) illegally 4) moving
appearance or manner 5) through
V is ta s = a beautiful view eg of nat ural
10. 1) full 2) risky
scenery, a city etc.
At home = in ones own country 3) lucky 4) unfair
Implore = to ask or beg for something in a 5) immense
serious way Glittering = magnificent , splendid or
Confiscate = to take somebodys property away extremely successful
from them by the use of ones Poignant = affecting ones feelings deeply;
authority usually as a punishment making one sad or full of pity
Dilapidated = falling to pieces; in a bad state of Apprehension = anxiety about something in the
repair future, fear that something will
Obnoxious = very unpleasant; offensive be unpleasant or that
Cloze Test 437

something unpleasant will 8. 1) paid 2) offered

happen. 3) deserved 4) distracted
On the eve of = the day or evening before an 5) received
event, especially a religious
9. 1) enhancement 2) prevention
festival or holiday.
Hover = to remain near something or in
3) attachment 4) refurbishment
an uncertain state. 5) expedition
Siphon away = to transfer something from one 10. 1) anticipate 2) provoke
place to another often unfairly 3) discourage 4) envisage
or illegally 5) create
Captive = having little or no freedom to Insolvent = unable to pay debt; bankrupt
go elsewhere or t o make Hazard = a thing that can be dangerous or
choices cause damage; a danger or risk
Adversary = an opponent in a contest, an Sa f e gu ar d = a thing that serves as a protection
argument or a battle. from harm, risk or danger
Paramount = more important than anything else;
Passage 47 supreme
Predominantly = mainly; for the most part
Indias approach towards treatment of (1) banks is Eventual = happening at last as a result
yet another interesting issue. Rather than closing Dissolve = t o cause an or ganizat ion or
them down, policymakers in India have shown a arrangement to end officially
preference to (2) such banks with healthy public sector Relegate = to give somebody/something less
important rank, task or state

K
banks. It has been (3) in certain circles that such an
approach may give rise to a moral hazard problem. Anchor = a person or thing that gives security
However, two issues need (4) in this context. First, and confidence
Extradite = to send back somebody accused or
comme rcial banks are the most dominant and
found guilty of a crime to the country
systemically important segment of the financial where the crime was committed.
syste m. Second, ove r 70 pe r ce nt of the bank Imbibe = to absorb something; to drink
depositors in India are small depositors. Therefore, something especially alcohol
systemic concerns coupled with the necessity to (5) Connive = to work together with somebody in
the interest of small depositors have been (6) in the order to do something wrong or
minds of policy makers while (7) with insolvent banks. illegal
This issue had not (8) much attention in the context Cope = to deal successfully with something
difficult; to manage
of a predominantly government-owned banking system.
Converse = to talk to somebody especially in

KUNDAN
As the weight of private banks increases further informal way.
thinking will need to be done on this subject, both in Distracted = unable to concentrate because of
terms of (9) of insolvency through advance regulatory being worried or thinking about
supervision and action, and post-insolvency measures something else
that (10) moral hazard and eventual fiscal cost. Refurbish = to restore and decorate a building
1. 1) insolvent 2) foreign et c; t o develop and improv e
3) cooperative 4) small something
Expedition = an organized journey or voyage with
5) private
a particular aim
2. 1) dissolve 2) relegate Envisage = to imagine something as a future
3) anchor 4) merge possibility; to form a mental picture
5) connect of something
3. 1) resolved 2) felt
3) promised 4) identified Passage 48
5) done
Although he is no longer alive, (1) his influence
4. 1) resolutions 2) decisions
can be felt in the studio (2) he created cartoons and
3) approaches 4) priority
feature films which made him known and (3) around
5) consideration
the world. (4) many people who work to create humour
5. 1) enhance 2) increase
he took it very seriously. He would sit sadly (5) the
3) safeguard 4) rationalize
funniest cartoon concentrating or some way to improve
5) evolve
it. Walt Disney (6) the opinions of those working with
6. 1) paramount 2) superficial
him but the (7) judge me nt was always his. He
3) extradited 4) vested
demanded a lot (8) people but he gave a lot too. When
5) imbibing
the economy was not doing well he gave every one a
7. 1) conniving 2) coping
(9) and though some (10) of this, it gave his employees'
3) absorbing 4) dealing
morale a boost.
5) conversing
438 Test of English Language

1. 1) yet 2) even 1. 1) knowledge 2) security

3) and 4) till 3) presence 4) confidentiality
5) besides 5) guarantee
2. 1) from 2) where 2. 1) negotiate 2) advance
3) which 4) while 3) credit 4) disburse
5) that 5) sanction
3. 1) respect 2) seen 3. 1) pursue 2) interact
3) loved 4) entertained 3) operate 4) enable
5) laughed 5) engage
4. 1) For 2) To 4. 1) drawback 2) hurdle
3) Without 4) Not 3) consequence 4) luxury
5) Like 5) innovation
5. 1) on 2) until 5. 1) Despite 2) Although
3) front 4) through 3) Even 4) Yet
5) in 5) Until
6. 1) saw 2) concluded 6. 1) view 2) realise
3) discussed 4) discouraged 3) display 4) engineer
5) valued 5) assess
7. 1) final 2) ultimately 7. 1) essential 2) obsolete
3) important 4) hasty 3) extant 4) retreat

K
5) lasting 5) expired
8. 1) by 2) from 8. 1) moderately 2) occasionally
3) with 4) to 3) compulsorily 4) indiscriminately
5) many 5) effectively
9. 1) advance 2) share 9. 1) phenomenal 2) gradual
3) fee 4) raise 3) proportionate 4) competitive
5) profit 5) projected
10. 1) credit 2) disapproved 10. 1) discount 2) base
3) criticized 4) offended 3) expansion 4) satisfaction
5) paid 5) relationship
Raise = an increase in amount, number or Bedrock = basic facts or principles
intensity Virtual = almost or nearly the thing described,

KUNDAN
Morale = t he amount of confidence, but not completely
enthusiasm, determination etc that Obsolete = no longer used; out of date
a person or group has at a particular Phenomenal = very remarkable; extraordinary
time. Disburse = to pay out money especially from a
fund collected for a purpose
Passage 49 Extant = still in existence
Retreat = to move back or withdraw when
Traditional bank architecture is based on bank faced with danger or difficulty
branches. These branches ensure the physical (1) of
a customers savings. A customer may go there to Passage 50
deposit and withdraw money, (2) loans and (3) in other
Our company has set up a foundation which is (1)
financial transactions. In the past two decades
to spreading literacy. To (2) this cause the foundation
banking architecture has changed the Automated
has a project called A Library for Every School through
Teller Machine (ATM) has been a big (4) and credit
(3) the foundation donates books mainly to government
and debit cards have created new financial spaces.
school libraries so that children have easy (4) to books
(5) the bank branch has remained the bedrock of the
on a variety of subjects. In my (5) as Chairperson of
banking systemafter all a person needs a bank
the Foundation I travel (6) in rural areas. All this
account in a branch before he can operate a debit or
travelling has (7) me to understand what children want
ATM card. This may be about to change as technocrats
to read in different parts of the country. (8) my travels
now (6) cell phones as the new architecture of virtual
I frequently stay in the houses of people I meet as (9)
banks. This has the potential to make branches (7).
there are no hotels in small towns and villages that I
Cell phone banking looks especially relevant for India
visit. In India a guest is always treated well; an old
since it can penetrate the countryside cheaply and
Sanskrit saying is Atithi Devo Bhava (10) that God
(8). The world over cell phones are spreading at a (9)
comes in the form of a guest.
rate and in India alone new cell phone connections
1. 1) dedicated 2) responsible
are growing at the rate of six million a montha rate
3) trying 4) catered
of customer (10) that no bank can dream of.
5) involved
Cloze Test 439

2. 1) awaken 2) further Scientists from Indias space and atomic energy

3) aim 4) contribute departments and in some other places where serious
5) perform science is done can take (a/an) (9) out of the schools
3. 1) those 2) which book and (10) the way in engaging with school pupils
3) whom 4) where and getting them to do real science.
5) these 1. 1) done 2) unlikely
4. 1) opportunity 2) admission 3) potential 4) promising
3) purchase 4) access 5) possible
5) contact 2. 1) questioned 2) said
5. 1) feeling 2) decision 3) retorted 4) answered
3) role 4) knowledge 5) address
5) order 3. 1) question 2) finding
6. 1) extensively 2) somehow 3) methodology 4) result
3) extremely 4) hastily 5) studies
5) sometime 4. 1) wage 2) create
7. 1) ensured 2) provided 3) execute 4) carry
3) enabled 4) deprived 5) attempt
5) made 5. 1) option 2) lives
8. 1) During 2) Since 3) visual 4) demands
3) From 4) Through 5) perception

K
5) Besides 6. 1) revolutionary 2) radical
9. 1) while 2) usual 3) rote 4) adequate
3) neither 4) often 5) bore
5) either 7. 1) stimulate 2) simulate
10. 1) threatens 2) meaning 3) make 4) peek
3) fearing 4) imply 5) judge
5) naturally 8. 1) cause 2) root
Cater = to provide what is needed or desired 3) reasons 4) issues
by somebody/something 5) sources
9. 1) thread 2) leaf
Passage 51 3) example 4) look
Can an experiment conceived, carried out, and 5) pages

KUNDAN
reported in kids-speak with pencil-coloured figures 10. 1) lead 2) start
and hand-written tables by school children aged 8 to 3) deliver 4) paved
10 years get published in a highly rated international 5) ahead
journal following a peer-reviewing process? Twenty- Peer = to look closely or car ef ully at
seven schoolchildren from a primary school in UK have something especially when unable
to see it well
proved this is (1) if a simple but novel scientific
Bumble-bee = a large hairy bee that makes a loud
question raised is (2) in a scientific way. Their paper noise as it flies
was published in the Royal Societys Biology Letters Fo ra ge = to search or hunt for something
journal. Their (3) was that bumble-bees can use a especially food and supplies
combination of colour and spatial relationships in Spati al = related to space as a physical
deciding which colour of flower to forage from. dimension
Considering that our understanding of how bees Carry out = to do something as required or
perceive coloured patterns and scenes is inadequate, specified; to fulfil something
Rote learning = learing something in order to be
this inspiring outcome has shown that schoolchildren
able to repeat it from memory, rather
guided by gifted teachers can think and (4) out than in order to understand it.
experiments like any hard-wired scientist. For these Retort = to make a quick, especially angry,
kids, doing science changed their (5) of the subject. reply to an accusation or a challenge
Science also became cool and fun. This refreshing Stimulate = to pretend to have or feel an emotion;
approach turns the spotlight on the best methods of to create certain conditions by
teaching science. The (6) learning system adopted means of model etc; to take the
by most schools in India, even classroom study appearance of somet hing/
somebody
combined with some laboratory work with pre-defined
outcomes, does very little to (7) curiosity and interest Passage 52
in science. Is that one of the (8) why out-of-the-box
thinking that produces path-breaking science rarely Does Indian industry need democracy? The Indian
comes out of Indian laboratories? The children at the economys sustained growth today is (1) by incomplete
UK school had their gifted teacher to guide them. democracy. While millions of Indians endure poverty,
440 Test of English Language

only a tiny majority (2) prosperity. On the other hand, Egalitarian = showing or holding a belief in equal
many Latin American countries have registered (3) rights, benefits and opportunities
growth rates under military dictators and today one of for everybody
Orthodox = following strictly the older, more
the fastest growing economies in the world China
traditional practices.
has an (4) rather than a democratic government. Imply = to suggest something indirectly
So why does India need democracy for sustained rather than stating it directly
growth? To many, democracy (5) slower decision- Gracious = kind, polite and generous especially
making with corrupt politicians and red-tapeism etc. to somebody of a lower social
Industry should therefore be (6) with less, not more, position
democracy. However, while China (7) consumption in Indulge = to become involved in an activity
order to save and invest more than half its output to especially one that is illegal or
disapproved of.
produce 10% growth, India (8) almost two-thirds of
Disperse = to go in different directions or make
its output and manages to achieve 9% growth from somebody/something do this
one-third of its output. (9) Indias democracy is not
inefficient when it comes to making (10) use of Passage 53
resources.
1. 1) deprived 2) hampered A factor that air passengers give little thought to
3) eliminated 4) faced but which is a serious threat to air safety is (1)
5) threaten maintenance. In the current global airline boom
2. 1) pursuit 2) acquisition competition is (2). Which compels airlines to (3) costs

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3) benefit 4) enjoy and ( 4) output. In India with a se at capacity
5) value considerably (5) of the demand all airlines practise
3. 1) acceptable 2) insignificant severe cost-cutting to (6). Faced with having to cut
3) variable 4) inflated costs to the bone and maximise aircraft utilisation, a
5) affordable surprising number of airlines may cut (7) on aircraft
4. 1) autonomous 2) economical maintenance, even at the (8) of compromising safety.
3) authoritarian 4) egalitarian While commercial aircraft are (9) to take much
5) orthodox punishment, for example, in the event of pilots flying
5. 1) imply 2) mentions into thunderstorms there is a limit to the punishment
3) attracts 4) features that e ve n the toughest aircraft can take whe n
5) means profitability takes (10) over safety.
1. 1) expedient 2) incessant

KUNDAN
6. 1) gracious 2) adapted
3) fascinated 4) pleased 3) routine 4) laborious
5) urged 5) poor
7. 1) bans 2) curtails 2. 1) optimise 2) intense
3) regulate 4) ceases 3) destined 4) guarantee
5) discourage 5) profitable
8. 1) consumes 2) selects 3. 1) falsify 2) lavish
3) indulges 4) disperse 3) minimise 4) incline
5) hoard 5) ration
9. 1) Accordingly 2) Totally 4. 1) depress 2) productive
3) Thus 4) Even 3) curb 4) available
5) Likely 5) maximise
10. 1) ultimately 2) capably 5. 1) ahead 2) less
3) modest 4) secure 3) more 4) saturated
5) effective 5) above
Hamper = t o pr event somebodys fr ee 6. 1) invest 2) survive
movement or activity; to restrict or 3) live 4) appraise
hinder somebody/something 5) reinforce
Endure = to suffer patiently something that 7. 1) out 2) taxes
is painful or uncomfortable 3) across 4) corners
Authoritarian = favouring complete obedience to 5) short
authority especially that of the state
8. 1) claim 2) formality
at the expense of personal freedom
Acquisition = the action or process of acquiring 3) reminder 4) strain
something 5) risk
Inflate = to make something more important, 9. 1) designed 2) unable
impressive etc than it really is; to 3) rotated 4) originally
exaggerate something 5) standard
Cloze Test 441

10. 1) encouragement 2) influence 2. 1) full 2) voluminous

3) precedence 4) cover 3) substantial 4) limited
5) guard 5) rapid
To cut to the = to reduce something greatly 3. 1) readily 2) tangible
bone 3) routinely 4) securely
To cut corners = to do something in the easiest, 5) unique
quickest or cheapest way, often by
4. 1) process 2) waves
ignoring rules or omitting something
Precedence = the right or requirement to come
3) deliveries 4) connection
before somebody/something else in 5) channels
time, order etc; priority 5. 1) valuable 2) answerable
Expedient = useful or convenient for a particular 3) amenable 4) exposed
purpose, though not necessarily fair 5) responsible
or moral 6. 1) waning 2) stable
Incessant = not stopping; continual 3) proportionate 4) marginal
La vi sh = giv ing or doing somet hing
5) high
generously or excessively; great in
extent, rich in quality and usually
7. 1) archive 2) domain
costing a lot of money 3) purpose 4) component
Ration = to limit the amount of something that 5) aspect
somebody is allowed to have 8. 1) law-abiding 2) tried
Curb = to prevent something from getting 3) reassuring 4) cost-effective

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out of control; to restrain something 5) stop-gap
Appraise = to assess the value, quality or nature 9. 1) inclined 2) immune
of somebody/something
3) vulnerable 4) surrendered
Reinforce = t o st rengt hen or emphasize a
feeling, an idea, a habit etc
5) pressured
10. 1) person 2) own
Passage 54 3) relatives 4) purses
5) self
Mobile banking (M banking) involves the use of a Readily = without hesitating; willingly
mobile phone or any other mobile device to (1) Amenable = that can be treated in a particular
financial transactions linked to a clients account. M way
banking is new in most countries and most mobile Domain = a field of knowledge or activity
payment models even in developed countries to date Single out = to choose somebody/something

KUNDAN
operate on a (2) scale. A mobile network offers a (3)
available te chnology platform onto which other
services can be provided at low cost with effective
results. For example, M banking services which use
(4) such as SMS can be carried at a cost of less than
one US cent per message. The low cost of using
existing infrastructure makes such services more (5)
to use by customers with lower purchasing power and
opens up access to services which did not reach them
earlier due to (6) cost of service delivery. Although M
banking is one aspect in the wider (7) of e-banking
there are reasons to single it out for focusespecially
because there are a lot more people with mobile
phones than bank accounts in India.
M banking could provide a (8) solution to bring more
unbanked people to the financial mainstream.
Without traditional credit, individuals are (9) to
exploitation by abusive lenders offering very high
interest rates on short term loans. Also of considerable
importance are public safety implications for the
unbankedthey are often victims of crime because
many operate on a cash-only basis and end up carrying
significant amounts of cash on their (10) or store cash
in their homes.
1. 1) disburse 2) undertake
3) subscribe 4) lure
5) amass
from a group for special attention
Vulnerable = that can be hurt, harmed or attacked
easily especially because of being
small or weak.
Implication = a thing that is not openly stated; a
thing that is suggested or implied.
Disburse = to pay out money especially from a
fund collected for a purpose
Lure = a thing that attracts or is used to
attract people or animal
Tangible = clear and definite; real; that can be
perceived by touch
Waning = becoming gradually smaller, weaker,
less powerful or less important
Law-abiding = obeying the law
Immune = not aff ected or inf luenced by
something
Passage 55
In July 2008, one of the most inspiring leaders of
our times, will (1) his ninetieth birthday. Nelson
Mandela retired from politics in 1999, but he has
remained (2), continuing his work through the Nelson
Mandela Foundation. The foundation has launched
an Aids awareness campaign, 46664, named (3)
Mandelas prison number. He has also set up a
scholarship programme whose (4) was to promote
leadership among young Africans.
442 Test of English Language

During the 1990s, (5) I worked with Mr Mandela on efficiency by Japan. Mass production and production
his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom, I (6) his for the masses became the bases of new business
leadership firsthand. During his election campaign strategies. Large-scale consumption by all with the
we were on board a plane discussing his book. Twenty social benefit of (3) poverty, became the dominant
minutes (7) to landing the engine failed. Many began economic strategy. The advent of electricity and its
to panic. The only thing that (8) them was looking at large -scale application to lighting, heating and
Mandela, who was reading his paper as if he was a operating machine s added a fresh dimension to
passenger on a morning train to work. The plane manufacturing. By the 1950s came (4) in electronics
landed safely and when we got into the car taking us and transistor devices to be followed by innovations
to the hotel he (9) to me, I was terrified on the plane in microelectronics, computers and various forms of
! As a leader he realised he was a model for others sensors all of which (5) altered the manufacturing
and this gave him the strength to (10) over his own sce ne . It is now no longe r ne ce ssary to make
fear. prototypes in a factory or a laboratory to study a new
1. 1) tribute 2) remember product. Many new products can be (6) on computers
3) honour 4) celebrate and their behaviour simulated on them. By choosing
5) rejoice an optimum de sign through such simulations,
2. 1) resigned 2) active compute r programme s can dire ctly (7) the
3) influenced 4) participant manufacturing proce sse s. The se proce sse s are
5) reserved generally called Computer Aided Design (CAD) and
3. 1) by 2) with Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAM). The se

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3) after 4) as capabilities are leading to newer forms of (8) by
5) thereafter customers. Each customer can be offered several
4. 1) wish 2) pursuit special options. Customised product design or (9)
3) result 4) plot manufacturing are other popular techniques currently
5) aim in (10) in many developed countries.
5. 1) when 2) that 1. 1) havoc 2) transformation
3) period 4) later 3) destruction 4) violence
5) alongside 5) deforestation
6. 1) felt 2) acquainted 2. 1) discarded 2) resorted
3) experienced 4) underwent 3) indulged 4) perfected
5) learned 5) designated

KUNDAN
7. 1) before 2) sooner 3. 1) removing 2) nurturing
3) close 4) prior 3) appeasing 4) cajoling
5) advance 5) mastering
8. 1) calmed 2) soothing 4. 1) additions 2) gadgets
3) composed 4) restraint 3) modifications 4) variety
5) discipline 5) inventions
9. 1) speaks 2) confided 5. 1) immediately 2) precisely
3) confidentially 4) entrusted 3) irreversibly 4) indefinitely
5) assured 5) measurably
10. 1) success 2) overcame 6. 1) designed 2) produced
3) dominate 4) victory 3) manufactured 4) sold
5) triumph 5) purchased
Name after = to give a name to somebody or 7. 1) inspire 2) cultivate 3) visualise
something 4) drive 5) curtail
On board = on or in a ship or an aircraft 8. 1) uses 2) demands
Confide = to tell a secret to somebody
3) advertisements 4) consumption
which trusting them not to tell
others
5) goods
Terrified = very frightened; filled with 9. 1) visible 2) secure
terror 3) fundamental 4) overt
Triumph over = to be successful; to gain a 5) flexible
victory 10. 1) view 2) wings
Rejoice = to feel or show great joy 3) vogue 4) isolation
Acquainted = familiar with something 5) order
Advent = the approach or arrival of an important
Passage 56 person, event etc
Mankind has seen rapid (1) in the last 150 years Prototype = the first model or design of something
from which other forms are copied or
because of the mass manufacturing techniques (2) in
developed.
western nations and later taken to new levels of
Cloze Test 443

Simulated = artificial, but made to look, feel etc like accommodate all. Only then can we ensure the much-
the real thing needed supply-demand (10) in the education sector.
Vogue = a current fashion 1. 1) with 2) for
Discard = to throw something out or away; to stop
3) on 4) into
using, wearing, etc something that is no
longer useful
5) in
Resort = to make use of something especially bad 2. 1) around 2) near
or unpleasant as a means of achieving 3) into 4) about
something, often because no other course 5) reaching
of action is possible 3. 1) forming 2) translating
Indulge = t o become inv olv ed in an act ivit y 3) having 4) taking
especially one that is illegal or disapproved 5) framing
of
4. 1) affect 2) ideas
Designate = to mark or indicate something clearly; to
specify something
3) practice 4) concept
Nurture = to care for and encourage the growth of 5) procedure
somebody/something 5. 1) benefit 2) merit
Appease = to reduce the intensity of somebodys 3) chance 4) basis
feelings usually by satisfying their needs 5) method
or demands partly or in full 6. 1) unless 2) until
Cajole = to make somebody do something by 3) executed 4) provided
cleverly persuading, deceiving or flattering
5) exercised
them.

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Visualise = to form a mental picture of somebody/
7. 1) other 2) any
something 3) two 4) differ
Curtail = to make something shorter or less; to 5) after
reduce something 8. 1) on 2) of
Overt = done or shown openly or publicly; not 3) often 4) taken
secret or hidden 5) off
9. 1) soft 2) more
Passage 57 3) less 4) only
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory 5) hard
Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which came (1) effect in 10. 1) need 2) equilibrium
April this year, is meant to transform the education 3) expectation 4) attempt
sector and take India closer to the goal of universal 5) aspects

KUNDAN
schooling. But with admissions to the new academic Just around the corner = very near
session just (2) the corner, it is fast becoming clear Translate into = to express something or to be
expr essed in a diff er ent
that (3) well-intentioned ideas into (4) will take some
especially a more practical form
doing. For a start, the guidelines for admissions under Random = done, chosen et c wit hout
the RTE prohibit schools from conducting any sort of method or conscious choice;
stude nt profiling. The stre ss on a random ye t haphazard
justifiable admission process means that schools will Quirk = a strange thing that happens
have to resort to something as quirky as a lottery especially accidently
system. However, leaving admission to a good school The crunch = an impor t ant and oft en
to pure (5) will only incentivise manipulations, unpleasant point, situation or
piece of information
defeating the very essence of RTE.
Mortar = a mixture of lime with cement
The main problem facing the education sector is sand and wat er , used in
that of a resource crunch. The provisions for ensuring building to hold bricks, stones
universal access to education are all very well, (6) we etc together.
have the infrastructure in place first. Brick-and-mortar Precede = to happen before something
schools need to precede open admission and not the The other way = in the opposite position or
(7) way around. In that sense, legislators assessment around direction
of ground realities is (8) target when they endorse Endorse = t o give ones approv al or
support to a claim, statement,
the closure of tens of thousands of low-cost private
course of action etc
schools for not meeting the minimum standards of Specification = a descr iption of what is
land plot, building specifications and playground area required
as laid out in the RTE Act. Instead of bearing down (9) Bear down on = t o mov e quickly t owar ds
on private schools for failing to conform to abstract somebody/something in a
bureaucratic criteria, efforts to bring about universal determined or threatening way
education should focus on upgrading and expanding Conform = t o comply; t o agr ee or be
the existing government school infrastructure to consistent with something
Abstract = general; not based on any
particular person, situation etc.
444 Test of English Language

Passage 58
(1) a country needs money for a development
project, what can it do? It can (2) to the World Bank or
Asian Development Bank for aid. A country with a
foreign currency problem can ask the International
Monetary Fund for (3). However, (4) there is no way
out for a country which has shortage of food. The
country cannot (5) import the food if it is rare like
pulses which are grown only by a few countries. In
such cases the problem is more (6).
This situation has led experts to suggest the (7) of
establishing a World Agricultural Bank. The food
situation today is serious since production is not
keeping (8) with demand. The World Agricultural Bank
can therefore be established by member-countries who
have to (9) both capital as well as surplus food to the
Bank. The stocks would form a corpus which would be
used to assist members in (10) of distress.
1. 1) Though 2) Supposed
Passage 59
Re ce ntly the World Bank and the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) (1) separate reports on
poverty. The World Bank report (2) its benchmark of
extreme poverty by 25 cents from $1 per person per
day to $1.25 per person a day. The ADB announced an
even (3) benchmark of $ 1.35 per person a day. These
new benchmarks are (4) on surveys in the worlds
poorest countries.
Experts often like to (5) that poverty has declined
because of economic growth in India and China. This
is wrong and (6). In the past twenty-five years the
pove rty rate in India has (7) by less than one
percentage point a year. (8) we use a poverty line of
$1 per person per day or $1.25 per person per day
makes little (9). The number of poor in India is large.
The purpose of these statistics is not to dispute them
but to (10) whether the benefits of economic growth
are being shared with the poor.

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3) Unless 4) That 1. 1) declared 2) released
5) When 3) print 4) issue
2. 1) appeals 2) go 5) publish
3) approach 4) solicit 2. 1) heightened 2) announced
5) requests 3) raised 4) maintained
3. 1) backing 2) helping 5) notified
3) solution 4) assistants 3. 1) better 2) significant
5) relieve 3) plausible 4) higher
4. 1) simply 2) during 5) lower
3) fact 4) presently 4. 1) based 2) collected
5) while 3) inferred 4) derived
5. 1) attempt 2) yet 5) gathered

KUNDAN
3) even 4) try 5. 1) realise 2) claim
5) start 3) discover 4) recommend
6. 1) address 2) acute 5) criticize
3) declined 4) achievable 6. 1) adverse 2) opposing
5) prohibited 3) corrupt 4) rejected
7. 1) object 2) implementation 5) misleading
3) knowledge 4) advice 7. 1) deplete 2) plunge
5) idea 3) declined 4) weaken
8. 1) up 2) ahead 5) fell
3) paced 4) line 8. 1) Unless 2) Despite
5) tune 3) Instead 4) Whether
9. 1) demand 2) share 5) Regardless
3) benefit 4) contribute 9. 1) difference 2) effect
5) fund 3) contrast 4) question
10. 1) controls 2) combats 5) option
3) times 4) needs 10. 1) acknowledge 2) suggest
5) areas 3) care 4) inspire
Backing = help; support 5) study
Acute = very great; severe Plausible = seeming to be right or reasonable
Keep up = to continue without stopping that can be believed
Corpus = a collect ion of wr itt en and/or Deplete = to reduce greatly the quantity, size,
spoken texts power or value of something
Distress = the state of being in danger or Plunge = to jump or fall into something quickly
difficulty and needing help and with force.
Solicit = to ask somebody eagerly or firmly
for something; to try to obtain
something
Combat = t o f ight or str uggle against
somebody/something
Cloze Test 445

Passage 60 Passage 61
Technology (1) lives. But (2) if people want it to. The US is in the (1) of a cleanup of toxic financial
This qualification is important, and (3) to waste that will (2) taxpayers hundreds of billions of
understanding progress. Akio Morita, the founder of dollars, at the very least. The primary manufacturers
Sony, used to make inventions not by writing code of these hazardous products (3) multimillion-dollar
but by making minute, detailed studies of (4) people paychecks for their efforts. So why shouldnt they (4)
lived the ir live s. It is observable that when he to pay for their mop-up? This is, after all, what the US
re linquishe d dire ct involve me nt in product Congress (5) in 1980 for (6) of actual toxic waste.
development at the company in the 1980s, Sony Under the Superfund law (7) that year, polluters (8)
seemed to lose its (5) of developing a truly radical for the mess they make. Environmental lawyer E
invention like the Walkman that the world takes to Michael Thomas sees no (9) lawmakers couldnt
en masse. demand the same of financial polluters and (10) them
However much it seems that machines are in (6), to ante up some of the bank bailout money.
they are not. Yet the belief that technology alone holds 1. 1) range 2) depth
the key to (7) the way people work, buy, and do 3) midst 4) essence
business is strong. The rise of dotcoms in the late 5) debate
1990s was (8) by a belief that technology was changing 2. 1) benefit 2) cost
the rules of marketing and employee relationships. 3) earn 4) facilitate
This is not to say there have been no changes in the 5) save

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new economy; but that they (9) to appear where 3. 1) donated 2) demanded
technology makes it (10) for people to communicate 3) dwindled 4) spent
with each other, or have been unre lated to the 5) pocketed
technology. The dynamic is still a human one. 4. 1) hesitate 2) come
1. 1) ruins 2) changes 3) makes 3) defy 4) have
4) explains 5) shakes 5) admit
2. 1) not 2) occasionally 5. 1) decreed 2) refrained
3) seldom 4) only 3) commented 4) admonished
5) never 5) visualised
3. 1) key 2) primarily 6. 1) consumers 2) advocates
3) encouraging 4) supported 3) exponents 4) producers
5) disastrous 5) users

KUNDAN
4. 1) why 2) where 7. 1) revoked 2) forced
3) when 4) whether 3) squashed 4) abandoned
5) how 5) enacted
5. 1) share 2) profit 8. 1) regain 2) claim
3) knack 4) business 3) pay 4) demand
5) plant 5) consider
6. 1) progress 2) control 9. 1) practice 2) reason
3) action 4) operation 3) compensation 4) issue
5) transition 5) wonder
7. 1) encroaching 2) accomplishing 10. 1) force 2) plead 3) appeal
3) determining 4) highlighting 4) dupe 5) follow
5) informing In the midst of = while something is happening
8. 1) govern 2) successful or being done.
3) underlying 4) disputed Cleanup = t he r emov al of cr iminals,
harmful influences etc; the
5) accompanied
removal of dirt etc from a person
9. 1) tend 2) cease or place
3) fail 4) refuse Toxic = poisonous
5) avoid At the very least = and probably more than that
10. 1) essential 2) laborious H a z ar d o u s = dangerous; risky
3) tough 4) easier Pocket = to keep or take something for
5) awkward oneself especially dishonestly
Relinquish = to stop having, doing or claiming After all = in spite of what has been said,
something; to give something up done or expected.
Knack = a skill at performing some special Decree = t o or der somet hing by a
task; an ability judgement or decision made by
Radical = fundamental; of or from the root or certain lawcourts
base Mess = a dirty or untidy state.
en masse = in a mass or crowd; all together
446 Test of English Language

Ante = money etc risked or gambled 4. 1) prove 2) search

on the unknown result of a 3) application 4) understanding
future event eg a race or a card 5) acknowledge
game
5. 1) law 2) aspects
Facilitate = to make something especially
an action or a process, easy or
3) experts 4) books
easier 5) loop
Dwindle = to become gradually less or 6. 1) equip 2) arm
smaller 3) decorate 4) promote
Refrain = to st op oneself doing 5) load
somet hing especially 7. 1) optional 2) expensive
something that one would like 3) tough 4) deep
to do
5) specialized
Admonish = to give a mild but firm warning
to somebody; to advise urge
8. 1) authentic 2) voluminous
somebody seriously 3) many 4) prompt
Revoke = to withdraw or cancel a law, 5) shining
licence, etc 9. 1) consulting 2) qualified
S q ua s h = to press or crush something so 3) rich 4) merchant
that it changes shape, becomes 5) tired
very soft etc 10. 1) learned 2) powerful
Dupe = to deceive or trick somebody in
3) ready 4) comprehensive

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doing something
Plead = t o make r epeat ed ur gent
5) prescribed
r equest s to somebody for Pave the way = to create a situation in which
something somebody will be able to do
Defy = to ref use to obey or show something or something can
r espect f or somebody/ happen.
something Lo op = a set of instructions that is
repeated again and again until
Passage 62 a par ticular condit ion is
satisfied
It is a pity that we do not have good books on
insurance written by Indian authors (1) to the steady Passage 63
growth of literature on the subject in other countries, On October 2, 1983 the Grameen Bank Project (1)

KUNDAN
especially the USA, whose insurance laws and (2) are the Grameen Bank. We invited the Finance Minister
very much similar to those of our country. And to be the Chief Guest at our (2) ceremony. But when
students studying in our colleges and the millions of the Ministry came to (3) that the ceremony would take
insurance employees appearing for various insurance place in a remote district, they said it would not be an
examinations have to depend (3) on books written by (4) place to launch a Bank and that the ceremony
foreign authors. As these books mainly deal with the should be (5) in Dhaka so that all the top Government
problems of insurance industry of foreign countries, Officials could (6). We stood firm and (7) to them that
the (4) of the insurance scene in India and the various we did not work in urban areas so it made no (8) to
legal (5) and insurance procedures remains very weak. have the ceremony in a city (9) we had no borrowers.
To (6) the insurance employee s and the college We had the ceremony in a big open field with the
students who have opted for (7) courses in insurance Finance Minister present as Chief Guest. For all of
with different aspects of theory and practice of us who had worked so hard to (10) this it was a dream
insurance, we should have good and (8) textbooks. come true.
The book under review written by VMR Nair himself, 1. 1) reorganised 2) merged
an experienced and (9) expert on insurance law based 3) named 4) converted
on leading Indian cases, will be found very useful by 5) became
students of insurance sector as a (10) guide to the 2. 1) opening 2) closing
principles of insurance. 3) dedicated 4) inaugurate
1. 1) paving 2) corresponding 5) induction
3) following 4) emphasize 3. 1) reveal 2) know
5) correcting 3) aware 4) inform
2. 1) process 2) product 5) acquaint
3) notes 4) currency 4. 1) excellent 2) available
5) procedures 3) inauspicious 4) appropriate
3. 1) slightly 2) upon 5) obvious
3) still 4) at 5. 1) invited 2) assembled
5) until 3) done 4) shifted
5) held
Cloze Test 447

6. 1) present 2) accompany 6. 1) requests 2) bring

3) attend 4) involve 3) emphasises 4) speculates
5) entertain 5) postulates
7. 1) apologised 2) told 7. 1) Sufficient 2) Good
3) explained 4) denied 3) Competent 4) Absence
5) refused 5) Inadequate
8. 1) difference 2) sense 8. 1) grow 2) multiplication
3) difficulty 4) meaning 3) expansion 4) rise
5) point 5) inflation
9. 1) where 2) while 9. 1) reported 2) produced
3) that 4) however 3) develop 4) composed
5) which 5) resulted
10. 1) obey 2) achieve 10. 1) weather 2) if
3) discover 4) built 3) whether 4) unless
5) perform 5) provided
Induction = the action or process of admitting At the expense = with loss or damage to
somebody or of being admitted to of something something
an office or organization Believe = to feel sure of the truth of
Reveal = to make facts etc known something
Acquaint = to make somebody/oneself familiar Consider = to t hink about somebody/
with or aware of something something especially in order

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to make a decision
Passage 64 Speculate = to guess; to form opinions
without having definite or
Twenty years (1) now, nearly 60% of the worlds complet e knowledge or
population will live in urban areas. The impact of evidence
urbanization might not all be positive on India as Vicinity = the area round a place
urban expansion is happening at a much (2) rate than
infrastructure expansion. Passage 65
Sustainability issue s ne e d to be (3) so that Today, it is (1) recognized that the 21st century
economic development is not at the (4) of public will be driven by knowledge. To (2) the challenges of
health. Some urban services that ought to be in (5) in this century, India needs to usher in a knowledge
a city like water, electricity, transport etc need special revolution that (3) to bring about systemic changes in

KUNDAN
consideration. education.
TERI has put together a detailed report that (6) While our economy has made significant strides,
Sustainability in the provision of basic urban services the education system has not kept (4) with the
in Indian cities. aspirations of the youth. The vast disparity in the
(7) public transport is a major reason for the country today is a result of skewed (5) to knowledge.
proliferation of private vehicles on the road. Respiratory To address this, we need a substantial expansion in
illness in children living in urban areas is on the (8) educational opportunities, with a spe cial (6) on
with more cases of Asthma being (9) because of inclusion of the underprivileged.
pollution. The future of cities of Indian dreams At the bottom of the pyramid, steps must be taken
depends on (10) we can build better cities today. to ( 7) acce ss to quality e ducation. While the
1. 1) on 2) till government has taken steps to ensure education to
3) since 4) from all, where it lacks in its e fforts in the quality
5) after perspective. Being a spirally upward drive, education
2. 1) quick 2) faster can not be (8) to improve at the higher level unless it
3) slower 4) changed improves at the very grassroots level. The top of the
5) speed pyramid, ie higher education, is also uneven. Students
3. 1) understand 2) speculated struggle to compete in the exams which (9) a sound
3) believed 4) imagined knowledge of English. While candidates are expected
5) considered to travel several kilometres to reach school to obtain
4. 1) expense 2) payment any education, the higher education organisations
3) rate 4) costs often (10) candidates from vernacular media through
5) charge State-sponsored exams and proudly affirm them as
5. 1) location 2) abundance unbiased.
3) large 4) functional 1. 1) thickly 2) widely 3) ample
5) vicinity 4) partly 5) considered
448 Test of English Language

2. 1) adhere to 2) gather better. However, when the economy starts to recover

3) cover 4) contact growth, stocks te nd to recover faster. The re is
5) meet significant disagreement about how health care and
3. 1) sought 2) wanted utilities tend to (6).
3) seeks 4) attempt In 2008, an economic recession was suggested by
5) determined several important indicators of economic downturn.
4. 1) adequate 2) sufficient These (7) high oil prices, which led to (8) high food
3) influence 4) pace prices due to a dependence of food production on
5) ahead petroleum, as well as using food crop products such
5. 1) access 2) approaching as ethanol and biodiesel as an (9) to petroleum; and
3) rights 4) infiltration global inflation; a substantial credit crisis leading to
5) excess the drastic bankruptcy of large and we ll (10)
6. 1) aspiration 2) intensity investment banks as well as commercial banks in
3) important 4) place various, diverse nations around the world; increased
5) emphasis unemployme nt; and signs of conte mporaneous
7. 1) enjoy 2) help economic downturns in major economics of the world,
3) provide 4) diminish a global recession.
5) deepen 1. 1) imagined 2) depict
8. 1) awaited 2) judged 3) shown 4) visualized
3) thought 4) expected 5) characterized

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5) said 2. 1) increase 2) variance
9. 1) demand 2) has 3) more 4) decrease
3) consume 4) expects 5) abundance
5) wants 3. 1) weakens 2) initiates
10. 1) discourages 2) disobey 3) awakens 4) strengthens
3) contest 4) assume 5) volatile
5) reject 4. 1) maintained 2) yield
To usher in = to mark the start of something; 3) heavy 4) result
to cause something to begin 5) payment
To bring about = to make something happen 5. 1) are 2) want
Stride = one long step; the distance
3) tend 4) yearn
covered by one long step

KUNDAN
Disparity = a difference
5) made
Skewed = not normal or usual; distorted; 6. 1) distribute 2) recover
not straight; crooked 3) wait 4) increased
Spir al = t o increase r apidly and 5) fight
continuously 7. 1) meant 2) show
Vernacular = a language or form of a language 3) numbered 4) included
spoken in particular country or 5) encompass
region or by a particular group
8. 1) fearful 2) dangerous
as compared with a formal or
written language
3) abnormally 4) healthy
Ample = enough or more than enough 5) nutritious
Adhere to = to obey something; to remain 9. 1) alternative 2) variant
attached to something 3) substitute 4) element
Diminish = to become or make something 5) integral
smaller or less; to decrease 10. 1) wealthy 2) costly 3) stand
4) created 5) established
Passage 66 To hold up = to delay or block the movement or
In e conomics, the te rm re ce ssion ge ne rally progress of somebody/something;
t o use or pr esent somebody/
describes the reduction of a countrys Gross Domestic
something as an example
Product (GDP) for at least two quarters. A recession Downturn = a reduction in economic or business
is (1) by rising unemployment, increase in government activity
borrowing, (2) of share and stock prices, and falling Contemporaneous = existing or happening at the
investment. All of these characteristics have effects same time
on people. Some recessions have been anticipated by Variance = the extent to which something
stock market declines. The real-estate market also varies or differs from something else
usually (3) before a recession. However, real-estate Encompass = to include something; to surround
or cover something completely
declines can last much longer than recessions. During
an economic decline, high-(4) stocks such as financial
services, pharmaceuticals and tobacco (5) to hold up
Cloze Test 449

Passage 67 Hail from = to originate from a place

Without doubt, there is one thing (1) to all of us.
We have played a game at some time in our lives.
Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many
playing a game or a sport is a way to (2) poverty behind.
In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport
professionally can (3) the lives of a persons entire
family.
For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia
(4) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running
at dawn everyday. Each of these youth is (5) and
serious and their coach is (6) that one of them will be
a world champion. This seems like an idle (7) but it is
virtually a guarantee in this small community (8)
mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female
distance runners in the world hail from this small
town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors
outside Bekoji (9) Welcome to the Village of Athletes.
Children here start running at an early age, (10) great
Fetch = to go and find and bring back
somebody/something
Alleviate = to make something less severe
Passage 68
The barter system for getting goods and services
(1) back many centuries. In most cultures the barter
system was used before money was (2). People who
had specific items or services would (3) these with
others for the things they needed. Good negotiation
was the (4) to making good trades. While the barter
system (5) based on basic needs, today the barter
syste m continue s to thrive . The barte r syste m
transcends the monetary system. The barter system
is making a (6) today. What makes the barter system
even better today than ever before is that it can now
be done globally. In the past, bartering was simply
done with those that were located nearby. Today, the
barter system can be used in a much more (7) way

K
distances to fetch water and firewood or to reach than ever before yet it carries with it the same basic
school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town motivation - the need for something that you dont
are likely to win more medals than those from have and the excess of something that someone else
developed countries. It will give their families a way wants.
out of poverty. The barter system is enjoying (8) interest today.
1. 1) accepted 2) common Bartering allows you to get the things you need without
3) alike 4) similar having to (9) additional money. Instead, you can use
5) popular the things you no longer need or want to get the things
2. 1) alleviate 2) forgot you do need. There are swap markets and online
3) prevent 4) reduce auctions that (10) you to sell or trade your items or to
5) leave purchase items that you want. Negotiation takes place
3. 1) changes 2) arrange just like it did hundreds of years ago.

KUNDAN
3) control 4) transform 1. 1) discovered 2) dates
5) shift 3) began 4) started
4. 1) further 2) more 5) initiated
3) greater 4) over 2. 1) bought 2) imagined
5) larger 3) began 4) emerged
5. 1) concentrated 2) rival 5) invented
3) focused 4) playful 3. 1) buy 2) sell
5) performed 3) exchange 4) give
6. 1) convince 2) optimist 5) return
3) intended 4) privilege 4. 1) important 2) essential
5) confident 3) result 4) key
7. 1) boast 2) suspicion 5) intention
3) risk 4) worship 5. 1) originated 2) stood
5) precaution 3) generated 4) created
8. 1) existing 2) that 5) produced
3) comprising 4) consisting 6. 1) issue 2) comeback
5) for 3) withdrawal 4) recall
9. 1) warn 2) inform 5) fading
3) notices 4) reads 7. 1) primitive 2) appreciated
5) wish 3) promoted 4) sophisticated
10. 1) covering 2) driving 5) better
3) measuring 4) following 8. 1) diminishing 2) revival
5) competing 3) perishing 4) declining
Da wn = the time of day when light first 5) renewed
appears 9. 1) expend 2) exchanging
Bo as t = a statement showing too much pride
3) expand 4) consume
and satisfaction
Virtually = almost
5) cost
450 Test of English Language

10. 1) insist 2) force 6. 1) unless 2) because

3) allow 4) lure 3) against 4) whether
5) constraint 5) that
Barter = to exchange goods, property etc for 7. 1) recommend 2) think
other goods etc without using 3) point 4) refer
money 5) suggest
Thrive = to live, continue, grow or develop
8. 1) respect 2) debt
well and vigorously
Transcend = to be or go beyond the normal limits
3) attention 4) expense
of something 5) compensation
Swap = t o exchange somet hing f or 9. 1) lower 2) attain
something else 3) decline 4) shrunk
Expend = to use or spend resources in doing 5) recover
something 10. 1) difficult 2) interpret
Perish = to be destroyed; to die 3) reveal 4) intended
Cure = to attract or tempt a person or an
5) inferred
animal
To take on = to assume something; to begin to
Constraint = a thing that limits or restricts
something have a particular characteristic,
quality or appearance.
Passage 69 Owing to = because of or on account of
The (1) of India as an economic superpower is not something

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reflected in the (2) of life enjoyed by its 1.2 billion Enhance = to increase or improve further for
good quality, value or status of
citizens, according to the Human Development Index,
somebody
which (3) India very low among 182 countries. In our Pursuit = the action of looking for or trying to
performance-oriented world, measurement issues find something
have taken on (4) importance as what we measure Compliance = the tendency to agree to do what
affects what we do. In fact, the French President has others want
established an international commission on the Intend = to have a particular purpose or plan
Measurement of Economic Performance and Social in mind
Progress, owing to his (5) and that of others with the
current state of statistical information about the
Passage 70
economy and society. Asteroids are rocks and debris which are the
The big question concerns (6) Gross Domestic leftovers of the construction of our solar system. Most

KUNDAN
Product (GDP) provides a good measure of living are in a belt, which (1) between Mars and Jupiter.
standards. In many cases, GDP statistics seem to (7) However, the gravitational influence of the giant
that the economy is doing far better than most citizens planets, like Jupiter, or an impact by a comet can
fe el it is. More over, the focus on GDP cre ate s knock these large rocks out of their orbit, thus hurling
conflictswhile political leaders are told to maximise them (2) the Earth. Many bodies have struck Earth in
it, citizens also demand that (8), be paid to enhancing the (3), and a widely accepted theory blames the impact
security, reducing air, water and noise pollution all of of an asteroid for the extinction of dinosaurs about
which actually (9) GDP growth. Statistics are (10) to 65 million years ago. The scale of such a disaster can
summarise what is going on in our complex society, it be understood by the example of a relatively small-
is therefore obvious that we cant reduce everything size asteroid strike in Siberia in early 20th century
to a single number GDP. which (4) more than half a million acres of forest.
1. 1) pursuit 2) perception However, what relieves the common man of the (5)
3) conversion regarding asteroid impact is the fact that many
4) title scientific groups are dedicated towards tracking the
5) tribute asteroid paths and orbit all around the year. With
2. 1) quality 2) spirit advanced equipment and technology, they can predict
3) span 4) joy any upcoming danger much in (6). According to them
5) loss the chances of finding such an asteroid crossing Earth
3. 1) scored 2) qualified in this or the next five generations lifetime is only
3) regard 4) ranked one in thousands. Even if such an asteroid is found
5) counted out, there will be (7) of time to track it, measure its
4. 1) great 2) unduly orbit precisely, and plan a system for (8) it from its
3) trivial 4) considerably orbit away from that of the Earths. There will be no
5) negligible great hurry, and no great panic. It would be a project
5. 1) confidence 2) belief for all the worlds nations to take part in. It could be
3) dissatisfaction 4) compliance a globally unifying event. Because it will be (9) long
5) obedience before it actually hits the Earth, it probably would
Cloze Test 451

take only a small measure such as chemical rockets, Passage 71

or perhaps an atomic explosion to divert it from a
threatening path. The World Diabetes Congress has determined that
Thus, in short, it can be said that though the impact India has the largest number of diabetics in the world.
would pose enormous risk to all living forms on Earth, Apart from the loss of productivity, the (1) burden is
the odds of it occurring within our lifetimes is very alarming - $ 2.8 billion annually. Sedentary jobs, (2)
(10) and it is unnecessary to run around believing of electronic entertainment, changing diet patterns
that the sky is falling. and (3) dependence on automobiles have driven the
1. 1) rotates 2) appears activity (4) of Indians lives, especially in cities.
3) strikes 4) encircles The (5) is, therefore, to make people physically (6)
5) exists and requires interventions which impact a large (7) of
2. 1) past 2) around the population. Admittedly, physical activity is a (8)
3) towards 4) against of choice and is strongly driven by (9) preferences.
5) inside But policy making needs to shift to (10) moderate
3. 1) future 2) centuries levels of physical activity in the daily lives of people.
3) earliest 4) past One way to accomplish this is to create walkable
5) history communitie s that give re side nts a varie ty of
4. 1) extinct 2) devastated destinations within walking distance.
3) wasted 4) shrivelled 1. 1) health 2) economic
5) fell 3) finance 4) subsidy

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5. 1) apprehension 2) expectation 5) physical
3) distrust 4) sufferings 2. 1) widespread 2) broadcast
5) hesitation 3) spread 4) prevalent
6. 1) sooner 2) accuracy 5) expand
3) advance 4) time 3. 1) increasing 2) totally
5) distance 3) entirely 4) grown
7. 1) dearth 2) loss 5) mutual
3) most 4) lack 4. 1) outside 2) most
5) plenty 3) out 4) from
8. 1) blocking 2) deflecting 5) through
3) avoiding 4) destroying 5. 1) dispute 2) ultimatum
5) changing 3) hazard 4) sensitivity

KUNDAN
9. 1) experienced 2) harmful 5) challenge
3) perceived 4) noticed 6. 1) qualified 2) equip
5) devastating. 3) built 4) active
10. 1) low 2) large 5) trained
3) narrow 4) high 7. 1) piece 2) section
5) few 3) scale 4) degree
Leftovers = food remaining at the end of a meal; 5) per cent
something that belongs to a past 8. 1) lack 2) want
period and surprisingly still exists 3) matter 4) scarcity
although most other things of that 5) right
period no longer do. 9. 1) individually 2) showing
Hurl = to throw somebody/something
3) given 4) special
violently in a particular direction
Extinct = no longer in existence 5) personal
Apprehension = anxiety about something in the 10. 1) attract 2) pursuit
future; fear that something will be 3) indulge 4) introduce
unpleasant or t hat something 5) insist
unpleasant will happen. Sedentary = done sitting down; spending a
Plenty = a number or an amount that is lot of time sitting down
sufficient for somebody or more than Drive somebody/ = to force somebody/something
they need. something out to leave or disappear
Deflect = to change or make somet hing Intervene = to come or be between
change direction especially after Accomplish = to succeed in doing something;
hitting something to complete somet hing
Devastated = to r uin something; to destr oy successf ully; t o achiev e
something completely. something
Shrivel = to shrink or wrinkle from heat or cold Prevalent = exist ing or happening
or because of being dry generally; widespread
Dearth = a lack or shortage of things or people
452 Test of English Language

Passage 72 Ambiguous = not clearly stated or defined

Revert = to retur n to a former state or
Economic growth figures for the first quarter of this condition
financial year seem to support the claim that the worst Atrocious = very wicked; cruel or shocking
may be over for the Indian economy. The gradual revival Contradict = to say that something a person has
said or written is wrong, and that
is also an indication that the governments economic
the opposition is true
stimulus package is (1). What could, however, upset Futile = producing no result; having no
the positive outlook is the drought which (2) large purpose
parts of the country and its impact on overall growth.
Even though the monsoon had picked up (3), the rains Passage 73
received were grossly (4). There are clear (5) that farm
There is a considerable amount of research about
output, particularly cereals, will fall drastically.
the factors that make a company innovate. So is it
Insufficient rain is bound to shoot up the (6) of
possible to create an environment (1) to innovation?
agricultural commodities and that would impact the
This is a particularly pertinent (2) for India today.
economy as a whole. The drought would also (7) a
Massive problems in health, education, etc (3) be
drastic re duction in rural e mployme nt and
solved using a conventional approach but (4) creative
consumption besides inflation in the prices of food
and innovative solutions that can ensure radical
articles.
change and (5). There are several factors in Indias
Food prices have been (8) since the past few
(6). Few countries have the rich diversity that India
months, and lower agricultural production is likely to

K
or its large, young population (7). While these (8)
(9) the situation. The government has said that food
innovation policy interventions, certain additional
grain from the buffer stocks will be used to keep prices
steps are also required. These include (9) investment
(10). Subsidised food grain is necessary in these
in research and development by (10) the government
times, but its effectiveness will depend a lot on the
and the private sector, easy transfer of technology
distribution system.
from the academic world etc. To fulfil its promise of
1. 1) impractical 2) ambiguous
being prosperous and to be at the forefront, India must
3) failing 4) working
be innovative.
5) weakening
1. 1) stimuli 2) conducive
2. 1) strike 2) affected
3) incentive 4) facilitated
3) exposed 4) reverted
5) impetus
5) altered
2. 1) objective 2) controversy
3. 1) unseasonably 2) unfavourably

KUNDAN
3) doubt 4) question
3) presently 4) meagrely
5) inference
5) later
3. 1) cannot 2) possibly
4. 1) inadequate 2) enough
3) should 4) never
3) missing 4) ample
5) must
5) atrocious
4. 1) necessary 2) apply
5. 1) contradictions 2) advices
3) need 4) consider
3) reasons 4) results
5) requires
5) indications
5. 1) quantity 2) advantages
6. 1) production 2) requirement
3) increase 4) chaos
3) prices 4) yield
5) growth
5) labour
6. 1) challenges 2) praises
7. 1) trigger 2) lead
3) favour 4) leverage
3) result 4) contribute
5) esteem
5) dampen
7. 1) blessed 2) enjoys
8. 1) improving 2) balanced
3) endows 4) prevails 5) occurs
3) stable 4) increasing
8. 1) aid 2) jeopardise
5) decreasing
3) promotes 4) endure
9. 1) aggravate 2) amend
5) cater
3) smoothen 4) improve
9. 1) acute 2) utilising
5) challenge
3) restricting 4) inspiring
10. 1) unprofitable 2) futile
5) increased
3) maximum 4) growing
10. 1) both 2) besides
5) down
Stimulus = a thing that encourages or excites
3) combining 4) participating
somebody/something to activity, 5) also
greater effort etc Conducive = helping something to happen or
Aggravate = to make a disease, a situation, an making it likely
offence etc worse or more serious Pertinent = relevant to something
Cloze Test 453

Radical = fundamental 4. 1) unexplained 2) doubt

Foref ront = the most forward or important 3) some 4) true
position or place 5) sad
Stimuli = plural of stimulus.
5. 1) himself 2) sometimes
Facilitate = to make something especially an
action or a process easy or easier
3) proper 4) improve
Impetus = a force that encourages a process to 5) themselves
develop more quickly 6. 1) established 2) created
Leverage = power or influence 3) set 4) wound
Esteem = high regard; a favourable opinion 5) thought
Endow = to provide somebody/something 7. 1) tried 2) mattered
with a good quality, ability, feature 3) meaning 4) supposed
etc.
5) expect
Jeopardise = to cause something to be harmed,
lost or destroyed; to put something
8. 1) renounced 2) showed
in danger of this happening 3) passed 4) negated
Endure = to tolerate a person, an event etc 5) directed
9. 1) shift 2) make
Passage 74 3) turn 4) mull
5) switch
Seed quality is an (1) aspect of crop production.
10. 1) sell 2) equipments
For ages, farmers have traditionally been selecting
3) people 4) techniques
and (2) good quality seed, since it was in their interest

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5) creatures
to do so. They knew and understood the importance
Advent = the approach or arrival of an
of quality seed in production. important person, event etc
However, with the adve nt of gre en revolution Set something up = to place or build something; to
technology, based (3) on the high-yielding dwarf establish or create something
varieties of wheat and rice, mainstream thinking Staple = main or principal
changed. Agricultural scientists, for reasons that Soar = to rise quickly to a high level or
remain (4), began to doubt the ability of farmers to standard
maintain seed quality (5). Aided by the World Bank, Empathy = the ability to imagine and share
another persons experience,
the Ministry of Agriculture launched a National Seeds
feelings etc
Project in 1967. Under the project, spread into three Renounce = to give up a habit; abandon
phases, seed processing plants were (6) up in nine something

KUNDAN
states. Six states were covered under phase three. Mull over = to think about or consider
All that the huge processing plants were (7) to do was something long and carefully
to provide certified seeds of food crops, mainly self-
pollinating crops, to farmers. In mid-1980s, the Passage 75
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the The worlds climate has always changed and species
Philippines concluded a study which (8) that there have evolved accordingly to survive it. The surprising
was hardly any difference in the crop yields from fact about the (1) between evolution and global
transplante d rice and from the crop sown by warming (2) that it is not linear. (3) temperatures alone
broadcasted seeds. One would wonder why, in the first are not (4) of evolution. Evolution is also the (5) of
instance, were the farmers asked to (9) ove r to seasonal changes. As the environment (6) those
transplanting paddy ? The answe r is simple species which dont adapt (7) to exist. But the sheer
probably, to help the mechanical industries grow. (8) of manmade climate change today is (9). Bad things
Since rice is the! staple food in Asia, tractor sales could are happening and by one (10) global warming could
only grow if there was a way to move the machine in threaten upto one-third of the worlds species if left
the rice fields. No wonder, the sales of tractors, unchecked. In fact, a lot of the species which will be
puddlers, reapers and other associated (10) soared in able to survive are the ones we consider pests like
rice-growing areas. insects and weeds.
1. 1) irrational 2) main 1. 1) difference 2) similarity
3) brilliant 4) important 3) argument 4) relationship
5) empathetic 5) alliance
2. 1) maintaining 2) trusting 2. 1) being 2) seems
3) selling 4) processing 3) mainly 4) besides
5) creating 5) is
3. 1) necessarily 2) exceptionally 3. 1) However 2) Mounted
3) primarily 4) regularly 3) Rising 4) Elevating
5) truly 5) Inclining
454 Test of English Language

4. 1) means 2) triggers a conscious effort to (10) the right policies in place

3) responses 4) threats soon.
5) stimulus 1. 1) past 2) against
5. 1) result 2) precursor 3) through 4) across
3) resistance 4) cause 5) on
5) provocation 2. 1) earning 2) share
6. 1) conserves 2) stifles 3) venture 4) delivery
3) predicts 4) changes 5) distribution
5) emerges 3. 1) commonly 2) ideally
7. 1) continue 2) halt 3) indefinitely 4) preferably
3) cease 4) terminate 5) invariably
5) discontinue 4. 1) whereas 2) unlike
8. 1) luck 2) value 3) besides 4) although
3) collapse 4) pace 5) despite
5) attention 5. 1) encouraging 2) second
9. 1) threatened 2) pursued 3) lesser 4) beating
3) unprecedented 4) record 5) greater
5) debated 6. 1) affords 2) cures
10. 1) forecast 2) chance 3) visits 4) reaches
3) pattern 4) occasion 5) provides

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5) imagination 7. 1) look 2) plan
Ad apt = to make something suitable for 3) weigh 4) admire
a new use, situation etc 5) consider
Cease = to come to or bring something 8. 1) persuade 2) ascertain
to an end; to stop
3) influence 4) impede
Sheer = complete; nothing more than
Unprecedented = never having happened; been
5) estimate
done or been known before 9. 1) thought 2) credited
Weed = a wild plant growing where it is 3) identified 4) believed
not wanted especially among 5) supposed
crops or garden plants 10. 1) derive 2) frame
Precursor = a person or thing that comes 3) figure 4) consider
before somebody/something

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more important, larger or more
highly developed.
Stifle = t o suppr ess or contr ol
something; to feel or make
somebody f eel unable t o
breathe properly because of
lack of fresh air.
Passage 76
The world is going (1) a deep recession. At such a
time, one thing we need in abundance is jobs for the
semi-skilled and unskilled. This is the only way in
which e qual (2) of we alth can take place . The
healthcare industry is (3) poised to occupy this
position. The IT industry hires people from the upper-
middle strata and rich families, usually engineers,
(4) the health care industry hires nurses, to the tune
of eighty per cent of the jobs created, from the lower
economic strata.
Global health care is a $ 4.5-trillion industry, (5)
only to the agro industry. Even then health care (6)
only eight per cent of worlds population. Policymakers
should (7) at health care industry as not only an
industry which addresses pain but also as one which
can (8) the economy. The last century was driven by
machines that addressed human toil and it is strongly
(9) that this century will be driven by health care.
This, however, will only happen if policymakers make
5) put
Poise = to be or keep something balanced
or suspended
Toil = work that is hard and makes one
very tired
Invariably = always
Impede = to delay or stop the progress or
movement of something/somebody
Passage 77
The large number of natural disasters within a few
days in late September has led to two assumptions.
First, we are experiencing more natural calamities
today (1) ever before, and second, the distribution of
disasters (2) unequal. A UN report studied natural
disasters (3) 1975 and 2007 found that not only is the
(4) of catastrophes increasing because of climate
change and environmental (5) but also that the brunt
of tragedies is borne (6) poor countries least equipped
to deal with such (7). It is true that some countries
are disaster-prone but some (8) Japan for example
have manage d to ove rcome the ir ge ographical
disadvantage s. (9) to UN e stimate s, equivalent
populations in the Philippines and Japan (10) the
same number of cyclones each year but 17 times more
people perish in the Philippines than in Japan. In
same ways natural disaste rs give de ve lope d
economies an excuse for technological improvement
Cloze Test 455

while in poorer ones it feeds a vicious cycle since illegal fishing and the clearing of land are direct results
they are constantly struggling to recover from natural of urbanization and deforestation. People have (4) and
calamities they cannot afford the disaster prevention damaged almost half of earths land, at a very
measures needed. unsustainable rate.
1. 1) as 2) than Global warming is having a serious impact as well.
3) not 4) of A six-degree Celsius increase in global temperature
5) since killed 95% of all species on Earth 251 million years
2. 1) being 2) are ago. An increase of six-degree Celsius is forecast this
3) often 4) is century if a change is not made to (5) the damage
5) seem done to earth. Humans will be one of the 95% of
3. 1) after 2) prior species lost. Noticeable, changes of global warming
3) between 4) separating include migration (6) and the change in se ason
5) affecting timings. Migrating birds are migrating earlier which
4. 1) response 2) dances in turn is causing them to hatch eggs and (7) young
3) occurring 4) damage earlier than they did at the beginning of this century.
5) frequency While this is just the tip of the iceberg many other (8)
5. 1) degradation 2) protection regarding the extinction of plant and animal species
3) detriment 4) audit need addressing. It is more important now than ever
5) summit before to pull our heads out of the sand and make
6. 1) of 2) by changes for the (9) of the earth. Future generations

K
3) with 4) for are (10), as they are a species as well.
5) on 1. 1) killing 2) alive
7. 1) calm 2) misbelieve 3) born 4) left
3) misfortunes 4) faith 5) lost
5) mistake 2. 1) speak 2) told
8. 1) inspite 2) even 3) estimation 4) believe
3) since 4) how 5) consider
5) like 3. 1) shape 2) development
9. 1) Thanks 2) Comparing 3) deterioration 4) warmth
3) Similar 4) According 5) expansion
5) Linked 4. 1) altered 2) created
10. 1) endure 2) incite 3) produced 4) made

KUNDAN
3) enjoys 4) trigger 5) brought
5) encountersor 5. 1) void 2) dissipate
Calamity = an event that causes great harm 3) augment 4) reverse
or damage; a disaster 5) increase
Catastrophe = a sudden great disaster 6. 1) delay 2) birds
Bear the brunt = t o r eceiv e t he mainf orce,
3) slowdown 4) hasten
of something sock or impact of something
Endure = to tolerate an event
5) acceleration
Perish = to be destroyed; to die 7. 1) spare 2) bear
Detriment = causing harm to somebody/ 3) destroy 4) amend
something 5) generation
Incite = to urge or persuade somebody 8. 1) animals 2) difficulty
to do something by making 3) issues 4) humans
them very angry or excited; to 5) problem
create or cause something
9. 1) extinction 2) better
especially conflict or violence
3) wealth 4) stigma
Passage 78 5) demand
10. 1) endangered 2) threaten
Hundreds of plants and animals are (1) every day 3) evaluated 4) living
due to deforestation and urbanization. What might 5) compared
happen if this continues in the future? The last mass Extinct = no longer in existence
extinction of plant and animal species occurred 65 Deterioration = the action of becoming worse
million years ago with the dinosaurs. In all, five mass in quality or condition
extinctions have occurred and scientists (2) earth is Contaminate = to make something/somebody
in the sixth mass extinction. The world as it is now is impure by adding substances
that are dangerous or carry
threatened, including people, who are responsible for
disease
e arths ( 3). Pe sticide s contaminating wate r; Hatch = to come out of an egg.
overharvesting of animals and plants; air pollution; B ea r = to give birth to somebody
456 Test of English Language

Endanger = to cause danger to somebody/ Catastrophe = a sudden great disaster

something; to put somebody/
something in danger.
Hide ones head = to pretend that an obvious
in the sand problem or danger does not
exist
Passage 79
India has become, in purchasing power parity
terms, the fourth largest economy in the world. Indias
economic (1) since 1980 has been among the (2) rapid.
Although India managed its one incipient crisis in
the early 1990s, it avoided the catastrophic losses
(3). While many (4) that exposing Indias economy to
global competition would reveal Indias economic (5)
it has rather revealed strengths and often unexpected
strengths in new areas no planner would have (6) of.
India is increasingly taking its (7) on the global stage
and in inte rnational forums as a 21st-ce ntury
superpower. The generations of politicians and policy
Void = empty; without something;
lacking something
A figment of some- = a thing that is not real
bodys imagination but only imagined
Passage 80
The world is witnessing food price turbulence again.
A bad drought in Russia, rising demand in the US and
developing countries, and Pakistans blighted crop
prospe cts after its floods are ke eping price s of
commodities such as cereals, sugar, oil and meat high.
The Food and Agriculture Organizations monthly food
price (1) is heading north.
India is not (2) from this problem even at the best
of times. For the week that ended on 11 September,
food prices (as (3) by the Wholesale Price Index) rose
by 15.86%.
Given the robust demand for foodstuffs, a time of
price volatility calls for a careful look at the design

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makers who have been (8) of leading India to where it issues surrounding food supply management. At times,
is today can be justifiably (9) of the transformation. even huge food stocks are not able to (4) rising food
But achievements create new (10) , two of which are prices. The fault lies in how food is released to traders
improving service delivery, particularly to the poor, by government agencies such as the Food Corporation
through greater accountability and expanding the of India (FCI). This problem is apart from FCIs high
benefits of rapid growthacross sectors, regions, and carrying cost of foodgrains. But this is not the problem
people. at (5).
1. 1) decline 2) policy For example, under the open market sales scheme
3) crisis 4) treaty (OMSS) a fixed quantity of grain, usually in multiples
5) growth of 10 metric tonnes, is sold to traders, flour mills
2. 1) several 2) very and other buyers when supplies are (6) or there is
3) most 4) much price volatility. But a combination of price rigidity,

KUNDAN
5) so terms of sale and the quantity sold under OMSS
3. 1) end 2) deterioration defeats its purpose. One reason for this is the large
3) thus 4) together volume in the hands of very few individual buyers.
5) elsewhere This (7) to perverse economic incentives.
4. 1) asked 2) feared Often, the grain sold under this scheme winds up
3) think 4) spoke back with food (8) age ncie s be cause of price
5) believe differentials (the price at which it is sold and the
5. 1) growth 2) space prevailing market price). This has been observed many
3) gain 4) weakness times in states as diverse as Punjab and Uttar
5) void Pradesh. If the number of buyers is (9) and the
6. 1) questioned 2) dreamed quantity sold to each buyer reduced, or the price fixed
3) arranged 4) plan but the amount of grain that can be bought kept
5) wanted flexible, these problems can be (10).
7. 1) matter 2) place This makes for a sensible menu of options. But it
3) life 4) generation needs careful implementation. And if, for some reason,
5) mark changes are required to suit (11) conditions in different
8. 1) part 2) issues states, the economic logic behind these ideas should
3) humans 4) figment not be lost (12) of.
5) thought 1. 1) index 2) state
9. 1) worried 2) angry 3) scheme 4) rate
3) honoured 4) distinguished 5) value
5) proud 2. 1) affected 2) above
10. 1) impossibilities 2) evaluations 3) immune 4) away
3) challenges 4) comparison 5) separate
5) dangers 3. 1) developed 2) increased
Incipient = in its early stages; beginning 3) reported 4) measured
to happen 5) handled
Cloze Test 457

4. 1) arrest 2) identify Turbulence = disturbance, conf usion or

3) find 4) slow conflict
5) stop Blight = to affect the plant with a
disease; to spoil or ruin
5. 1) this 2) juncture
something
3) all 4) best Immune = not affected or influenced by
5) hand something
6. 1) nil 2) short Robust = strong and able to survive
3) plenty 4) enough rough treatment
5) least Call for = to require, demand or need
7. 1) rises 2) leads something
3) gives 4) is Volatile = likely to change suddenly or
sharply; not stable
5) jumps
At hand = near in place or time
8. 1) hoarding 2) storing Perverse = showing a deliber at e and
3) supply 4) producing stubborn desire to behave in a
5) procurement way t hat is wr ong,
9. 1) controlled 2) promoted unreasonable or unacceptable
3) constant 4) increased Wind up = to end up; to arrive finally in a
5) decreased place
10. 1) neglected 2) solve Overcome = to succeed in dealing with or
controlling something
3) overcome 4) indicated
To lose sight = to f ail to consider

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5) highlighted of somebody/ something; to forget
11. 1) good 2) local something something
3) all 4) similar At this Juncture = at a par t icular especially
5) bad important, stage in a series of
12. 1) weight 2) look events
3) value 4) sight Procurement = t he process of obtaining
5) significant something

Answers

KUNDAN
Passage 1 Passage 8
1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 2 5. 3 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 3
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 2
Passage 2 Passage 9
1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 2 1. 2 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 3
6. 4 7. 1 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 6. 2 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 5
Passage 3 11. 4 12. 5 13. 5 14. 1 15. 3
1. 2 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 4 Passage 10
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3 1. 5 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 4
Passage 4 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
11. 4
1. 2 2. 5 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3
6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 Passage 11
Passage 5 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 2 5. 5
6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5
1. 1 2. 3 3. 2 4. 2 5. 4
6. 5 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 Passage 12
Passage 6 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3
6. 5 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 3
1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4
6. 4 7. 5 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2 Passage 13
Passage 7 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 5 5. 2
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2
1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 4. 1 5. 2
6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 Passage 14
1. 5 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 3
6. 5 7. 3 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
458 Test of English Language

Passage 15 Passage 30
1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 3 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 2 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2 10. 2
11. 3 12. 1 13. 5 Passage 31
Passage 16 1. 1 2. 3 3. 3 4. 2 5. 2
1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 5
6. 2 7. 1 8. 4 9. 5 10. 1 Passage 32
11. 4 12. 3 13. 2 14. 5 15. 1
1. 4 2. 2 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3
Passage 17 6. 5 7. 4 8. 3 9. 5 10. 1
1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 Passage 33
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 4
1. 4 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 5
Passage 18 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5
1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 34
6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2
1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 5
Passage 19 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
1. 5 2. 3 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 Passage 35
6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 5
1. 5 2. 3 3. 1 4. 4 5. 2

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Passage 20 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2
1. 5 2. 1 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 36
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1
1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3
Passage 21 6. 4 7. 2 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1
1. 1 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 11. 3 12. 3 13. 2 14. 1 15. 3
6. 3 7. 4 8. 4 9. 2 10. 5 Passage 37
Passage 22 1. 3 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 5
1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 5 6. 2 7. 1 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4
6. 1 7. 4 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 11. 3 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4
Passage 23 Passage 38

KUNDAN
1. 1 2. 3 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 1. 1 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2
6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1
Passage 24 Passage 39
1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 3 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 3 5. 2
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2
11. 3 12. 4 13. 5 11. 1 12. 4 13. 5 14. 3 15. 1
Passage 25 Passage 40
1. 5 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3
6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 2 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3
Passage 26 Passage 41
1. 3 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 2
6. 1 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 4
Passage 27 Passage 42
1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2
6. 2 7. 4 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5
Passage 28 11. 4 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4
1. 2 2. 1 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 Passage 43
6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 2 10. 1 1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 3 5. 1
Passage 29 6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 4
1. 2 2. 3 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 44
6. 1 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 3 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 5
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2
Cloze Test 459

Passage 45 Passage 61
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 1
6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 3 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1
Passage 46 Passage 62
1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 2 10. 4
Passage 47 Passage 63
1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3 1. 5 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5
6. 1 7. 4 8. 5 9. 2 10. 3 6. 3 7. 3 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2
Passage 48 Passage 64
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1 5. 2
6. 5 7. 1 8. 2 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3
Passage 49 Passage 65
1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 5 5. 4 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1
6. 1 7. 2 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5
Passage 50 Passage 66
1. 1 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4 5. 3 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3

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6. 1 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 6. 2 7. 4 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5
Passage 51 Passage 67
1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 2 5. 3
6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4 6. 5 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 1
Passage 52 Passage 68
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5 6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3
Passage 53 Passage 69
1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3
6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4

KUNDAN
Passage 54 Passage 70
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 5 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1
6. 5 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
Passage 55 Passage 71
1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4
Passage 56 Passage 72
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 5
6. 1 7. 3 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5
Passage 57 Passage 73
1. 4 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5
6. 4 7. 1 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 1
Passage 58 Passage 74
1. 5 2. 2 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 1 5. 5
6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3 6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 5 10. 2
Passage 59 Passage 75
1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 1
6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5 6. 4 7. 3 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1
Passage 60 Passage 76
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2
6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 51. 4 6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 5
460 Test of English Language

Passage 77 Passage 79
1. 2 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 5 2. 3 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4
6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3
Passage 78 Passage 80
1. 5 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 5
6. 5 7. 2 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 3 9. 3 10. 3
11. 2 12. 4

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KUNDAN