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MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart1
Category:AlcatelLucent,LDP,MPLS
Author:gokhankosem,on12Jul150Comments

MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDP

LDP(LabelDistributionProtocol)isoneofthetwolabelexchangeprotocolsofMPLS.TheotherisRSVP(ResearchReservationProtocol).Andthereisalso
onemore,Ciscospecificprotocol,TDP(TagDistributionprotocol).Inthisarticle,wewilltalkabbouttheLDP.Andtheexampleswillbealsofor AlcatelLucent
ServiceRouters(7750,7450etc..).

Thereare3typesLDPs.Theseare:

LinkLDP
TargetedLDP(TLDP)
ContraintbasedRoutingLDP(CRLDP)

TransportTunnelandServiceTunnel,LDPandTLDP

LinkLDPisusedtoestablishMPLSTransportTunnels.But,TLDPisusedforMPLSServiceTunnels.Letsexplainitmoredetailly.

ThinkaboutMPLSVPNs.ForMPLSweneedtoestablishanMPLSTransportTunnelthroughthecorenetwork(Prouters)betweenPErouters.Thisisestablished
viaLDP.InsidethisMPLSTransportTunnel,wecarryspecificcustomerstraffic.InAlcatelLucentterminalogy,thisiscalleddifferentcustomerservices.So,this
different customers traffic is carried in different MPLS Service Tunnels in Transport Tunnels.And these MPLS Service Tunnels are established via TLDP,
betweenPErouters,forVPLS andVPWSservices(L2VPNServices).ForVPRN (L3VPN Service),MPBGP is used instead ofTLDP. For this lesson also
checkTunnelStructurearticle.

ContraintbasedRoutingLDP(CRLDP)istheextensionofLDPthatwillprovidetrafficengineeringmechanismtoLDP.AsyouknowpureLDPhasnotraffic
engineeringmechanism.

LinkLDP

ForLinkLDP,allthedirectlyconnectedneighboursneedtoestablishLDPsessioneachother.Thismustbeafullmeshtopology.FirstlyLDPAdjacencymustbe
done,thentheLSPSessionmustbeestablished.Bydoingthis,thelabeldistributioncanbedoneforalltherouters.

TocreateandmaintainLDPthereare4processes.Theseare:

1)PeerDiscovery,
2)SessionEstablishment,
3)LabelManagement(Distributelabelmanagement)
4)Notification(AlertingLDPpeeringroutersabouterrors)

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LDPSessionEstablishmentandLDPMessages

PeerDiscovery

ThePeerDiscoveryisthefirstprocessanditisdoneviaHelloMessages.WecancallthisprocessalsoLDPAdjacency.Hellomessagesaresenteachotherwith
thepeerparameters.

HelloMessagesuseUDPport646.Sessionestablishment,LabelManagementandNotificationuseTCPport646.Hellomessagedsendevery5secondsbydefault.
Thiscanbechanged.EventheconfiguredHellotimevaluesaredifferent,LDPneighbourdiscoveryisdone.ThelowerHellovalueisused.
AftertheHellosaresenteachother,theLDPadjacencyisestablished.

LDPSessionEstablishment

AfterLSPadjacency,Initmessagesaresenteachother.ThismessagesuseTCP646port.Inthismessages,theSessionParametersaresent.ThenKeepalive
MessagesaresenteachotherandtheLSPSessionisestablished.KeepaliveMessagesarestillsentaftertheLDPSessionEstablishment.

Thereare4categoriesofLDPmessages:

Discoverymessages(periodicallyannouncedandmaintaintheprecenceofLDProuter)
Sessionmessages(establish,maintainandterminatesessions)
Advertisementmessages(create,changeanddeletelabelmappingsforFECs)
Notificationmessages(sentforerrors)

For LDP, firstly a routing protocol configuration must be done between the peers or a static configuration must be used. Basically the points must be reach
eachother.Thisisgenerallydonebyaroutingprotocol(IGP).

LDPrelieson routingprotocol(IGP).Thismeansthatitisdependanttoroutingprotocol(IGP).Itsendsthelabelaccordingtochooseofroutingprotocol.Ifa
problemoccursbecauseofroutingprotocol,thenetworkneedstobewaitfortheconvergenceofIGP.LDPiseasytoconfigurebuIGPdepandancyistheweakness
ofthisprotocol.

MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart1
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart2
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart3(ConfigurationonALU)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart4(ECMP)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart5(ExportandImportPolicy,PrefixAggregation)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart6(TLDP)
MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart7(CRLDP)

FormoreinformationaboutLDP,TLDPandCRLDP,checktherelatedfollowingRFCs

RFC5036:LDPSpecification
RFC3815:DefinitionsofManagedObjectsfortheMPLS,LDP
RFC3478:GracefulRestartMechanismforLabelDistributionProtocol
RFC5443:LDPIGPSynchronization
RFC7307:LDPExtensionsforMultiTopology
RFC7361:LDPExtensionsforOptimizedMACAddressWithdrawalinaHVPLS
RFC3212:ConstraintBasedLSPSetupusingLDP
RFC3213:ApplicabilityStatementforCRLDP
RFC3214:LSPModificationUsingCRLDP
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7/5/2016 MPLSLabelDistributionProtocol,LDPPart1|www.ipcisco.com

AbouttheAuthor
GokhanKosemisatelecommunationandnetworkengineer.Hisambitionto
IP networks and endtoend system installation made him to prepare this
website. By sharing his experiences about various networking protocols
beside different system installation experiences and Cisco, Juniper, Alcatel
Lucentdevicesconfigurations,heisaimedtobehelpfulforhiscolleguesin
allovertheworld.HeiscurrentlylivesinIstanbul,Turkey.

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