MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT,

POWER AND POWER

FACTOR USING RLC LOAD
Expt No: 01 Date:

AIM:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC
loading.

APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity
1. Voltmeter (0-300V) MI 1 No.
2. Ammeter (0-10A) MI 1 No.
3. Wattmeter 300V,10A,LPF 1 No.
4. RLC Load 5kW 1 No.
5. Connecting Wires 1/18 SWG As per
requirement

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:

Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of

two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as
ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is proportional
to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage
in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is connected in
series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the coils, the current and voltage
across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter
and calculated using the relation given below.
FORMULAE:

Indicated power = W x Multiplication factor

Where W – Observed wattmeter reading
Actual power = VI watts
Where V – Voltmeter reading
I – Ammeter reading
Power Factor, cosf = Indicated / Actual Power (V x I)

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on
the power supply.
4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the
values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also
carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in
the wattmeter itself.
5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load.
6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.
8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and
bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power
supply.
9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula.
10.Calculate the power factor by the given formula.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl.No Voltage Current Wattmeter Reading Actual Power

(V) I (A) (watts) Power Factor
Observed Indicated (watts) cos

MODEL CALCULATION:
RESULT:
A single – phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using RLC loading.

HOUSE WIRING
Expt.No:02 Dates:
AIM:
To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter

Sl.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1. Switch SPST, 5A 3 Nos.
2. Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No.
3. Lamp Holder Batten 1No.
4. Ceiling rose - 1No.
5. Socket 10A 1No.
6. Screws 1inch As per required
7. Wires 1/18SWG As per required
8. Switch Board 12² x 8² 1No.
9. Energy Meter 1 f 300V , 1No.
16A 750 rev
50Hz
10. Main switch Box 1 f 300V , 1No.
16A

TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.no Name of the tools Quantity

1. Combination Pliers 1No
2. Connector screw driver 1No
3. Screw driver 1No
4. Electrician knife 1No

THEORY:

Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the
maximum current which will flow through them. The following table shows the rating for
different accessories. Conductors should be of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring
should be designed for the load which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept
separate from lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system
with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good
appearance.
1. Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross.
2. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or
in a porcelain tube.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE:

1. Study the given wiring diagram

2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box,
Switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose.
3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
 4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked
6. Positions on the wooden board.
7. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions
8. On the wooden board.
9. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
10. Test the working of light and socket.

RESULT:

Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and tested.

STAIRCASE WIRING
Expt No: Date:

AIM:
To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches
APPARTUS REQUIRED:

SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1. Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No
2. Lamp Holder Pendent Type 1 No

3. SPDT Switch 230V,5A 1 No

4. Wires 1/18” As per
requirement
5. P.V.C Pipe 1/4" As per
requirement
6. Wooden Board - 1 No
7. Round block - 1 No

TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.no Name of the tools Quantity

1. Combination Pliers 1No
2. Connector screw driver 1No
3. Screw driver 1No
4. Electrician knife 1No

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe.
3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the
middle point of SPDT switch 1
4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT
switch2.
5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2.
6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT
switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder.
7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.

PRECAUTIONS:

 While giving the connections be careful

 Handle the lame safely
 Be careful while handling the tools.

SWITCH POSITION TABLE:

Sl.No SPDT1 SPDT2 Result
1. 12 1’2’ OFF / ON
2. 12 2’3’ OFF / ON
3. 23 1’2’ OFF / ON
 4 23 2’3’ OFF / ON

RESULT:
Thus the control of the given lamp by using two – way switches is connected and
tested

FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

Expt No: Date:

AIM:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring

APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity
 1. fluorescent lamp fixture 4 ft 1 No
2. fluorescent lamp 40W 1 No

3. Choke 40W, 230V, 1 No

4. Starter 1 No
5. wires 1/18” As per
requirement

TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.no Name of the tools Quantity
1. Combination Pliers 1No
2. Connector screw driver 1No
3. Screw driver 1No
4. Electrician knife 1No

THEORY:

Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten material. The inside of the
tube has phosphorous coating which is used to convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the
required color sensation. A choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the
electron movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radiointerference with
the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the starter. The glow switch suddenly
breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a
transient high voltage is available across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel
through the tube. Then tube light is produced.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.

2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the
tube
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.

PRECAUTIONS:
  While giving the connection be careful.
 Handle the lamp safely.
 Be careful while handling the tools.
 All the connections should be right and tight.

RESULT:
Thus the fluorescent lamp wiring is connected and tested

MEASURMENT OF ENERGY USING

ENERGYMETER
Expt No: Date:

AIM:
To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct loading
APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity
1. Single phase Energy meter 750 rev / kWh, 240V, 1No.
 50Hz
2. Wattmeter 300V, 10A, UPF 1No.

3. Voltmeter 300V, MI 1No.

4. Ammeter 10A, MI 1No.
5. Load Resistive, 5kW 1No.
6. Wires 1 / 18 SWG As per
requirement

THEORY:

The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of rotation of the aluminum to
the power consumed and number of revolutions per minute is proportional to the energy
consumed by the load.
The ratings associated with the energy meter are.
 Voltage rating
 Current rating
 Frequency rating
 Meter Constant
The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for the moving
system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is operated at induction
principle in which eddy current. Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and
creates the driving force.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FORMULAE:

Energy meter specification = 750 rev / kWh

True energy = Power (P) x time (s)
= P x t (ws)
= P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh
Measured energy = n / 750 kWh
Where n - number of revolutions / sec
`
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch.
3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage.
4. Load is switched On
5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the
corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted.
6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed
number of revolutions.
7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
M.F. ________________
Sl. No Supply Load Wattmeter Time True Energy Measured
Voltage Current Reading t (sec) energy
V I (A) P (W) pxt n/750
1000 x 3600 (kWh)
(kWh)

MODEL CALCULATIONS:
RESULT:
Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.

MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE TO EARTH

OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
AIM:
To measure the resistance to earth of electrical equipment

APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity
1. Megger 1No
2. Earth rods 3Nos
3. Measuring tape 15m 1No
4. Connecting wire As per requirement
5.
THEORY:
In this method two auxiliary electrodes B and C are used and it is not necessary that their
resistance be known. Three electrodes are placed at the corner of a triangle. The resistance
between each pair of electrodes is measured. R1 is the resistance of electrodes A and B, R2 is
that of electrodes B and C, while R3 that of electrodes A and C.

Then resistance R of electrode A is given as

R 1+ R 2+ R3
R=
2
Again in this method it is necessary that:
1. Alternating current should be used.
2. The distance between electrode should be sufficiently large so that their rsistance areas be
quite independent
3. The resistance of three electrodes must be of the same order otherwise meaningless
results may occur.