‘SPACE TYPES, Aiur Uspace-typesatrum) Auditorium Vspace-typestouditorium) ‘Automated Data Processing: Mainframe (sace-types/avtomated-data-processing-malnrame) ‘Automated Data Processing: PC System Yspace-types/automated-data-prcessing-pe-system) Child Care Uspacetyoesihild-care) Cie Health Unit Vspace-typesilinic-he hunt) Conference / Classroom Uspace-typesionference-classroom) Courthouse: Courtroom Uspace-ypestcourthouse-courtroom) Courthouse: Erhanced Office space typesicourthouse enhanced-ocel ‘Courthouse: Juicial Chamber Vspace-ypesicourthouse-uiciachamber) Firing Range (/space-ypesirng-rangel Food Service space-typesifood-service) General Storage (space-typesigeneral-storage) Hearing Rom Uspace-typesearng-roam) Joint Use Retall space ypesoint-use-retal) Laboratory Dry thnace-tpesfaboratonde} Laboratory: Wet /space-types/aboratory-wel) Library Uspace-typesiioary) Light industrial space-typesight-ndustil) Loading Dock Vspace-types/oading-dock) Lobby Vspace-types/abby) MailCenter (spacetypesimailcenter) tfce Uspace-typesotie) Parking: Basement /space-ypes/parkng-basement) Parking: Outside Structured (/space-typesiparkng-outside structured) Parking: Sutace Uspace-typesiparking-surtace) Physical Fitness (Exercise Room) Uspace-ypes/physial-itness-exercse-oom) Place of Worship Uspace-types/place-worship) Plaza Uspace-tyoes/laza) Private Tllet Uspace-types/private-tllet) Warehouse (space-typesiwarehouse) LOADING DOCK bby __gHTTPsuIwwnWADDTOANY.COM/SHAREYURL-HTTPSAS2F52 WWWLWBDG ORGHFSPACE-TYPESK2FLORDING-DOCKSITLE-LOADING¥2000CK) Sophia Greenbaum WADG Stef Updated:05-09-2016,OVERVIEW Loading docks are the arrival and departure point for large shipments brought or taken from abulding by ‘ruc and vans The loading dock space type éescibed here includes a shipping and receiving dock or trucks andivansastaging rea. and atleast oneaffce space for dock supervisors or managers. This space type doesnot incle light industrial Yspace-typesfightndustrial spaces or warchouse spaces Uspace-typeswarehouse slthough these spaces canbe related programmatically WITHIN THIS PAGE + Overview + Space Atributes + Relevant Codes and Standards + Major Resources SPACE ATTRIBUTES Loading docks are ulitarlan spaces that shouldbe designed for function and durability, However, is also important that they are designed to ensure the safety and security of their usors ad the uses of other nearby spaces. This space type must be able to accommodate large vehicles, forklifts. and pedestrian trate ‘Typical features of lading dock pace typesincluce the list of applicable design abject'ves elements as outlined below Fora completelist and definitions ofthe esign objectives within the context of whole bullcing design. cckon the titles below. ACCESSIBLE (/DESIGN-OBJECTIVES/ACCESSIBLE) + Acces: ramp should be provided rom the loading dock downto the truck parking reat facilitate deliveries from small rucks and vans. This amp should have amaximum slope of 1:12 and comply with ADA Accessibilty Guidlines (hep/wnw access board gowguielines-and-standardsbullaings. and-sites/about-the-ade-standardsrbackgroundsadaag) ensuring that tmay be easly maneuverable for deliveries on carts and dlls. FUNCTIONAL / OPERATIONAL (/DESIGN-OBJECTIVES/FUNCTIONAL-OPERATIONAL) + Adjacencis: Loading docks must belocated for easy acess by service vehicles and shouldbe separate from public entrances tothe building publicspaces, and other lightindustral or warehouse zane. Loaing docks must be convenient to freight elevators so thal service i segregated fom the main passenger ‘levator lobbies and public coridos. The service rte from the elevator should sccommodate the transportof large items Separate or dedicated docks ‘shouldbe considered for food service areas Uspace-types/ood-servict. + Accommodating Vehicles: Loading docks must accommodate vehicles used to deliver or pick up materials frm the building the bec helght of vans and trucks variesmore than 18 inches 3 least one loading berth shouldbe equipped with 2 dock levee. Typcaldocks rebuilt 5 inches above gradelevelto scconmadste mast tucks + Ughting: Each truck position shouldbe ecuipped with adjustabllightng ftures for 7 lumination ofthe interior of trailers. + ge Guards and Bumpers: Loading docks should be protected wth edge guarés and dock bumpers. + Exterior Doors: Easy acess overhead cling doors are prefered for loading docks. These doors shouldbe able toclose completely and lock after business hours. Atleast one wll it personnel door should be provided in addition tothe overhead doors. + Noise Expsure Mitigation: Nokee reductions inthe dock and noise transmision out of the ack are efferent design considerations. Mase and Timpnesseiblty are two desirable attributes fora sound transmision baler, Unpainted heavy masonry walls provide mass. Absorotive acoustical surfacing will reduce the noise level inthe dock but wil have effect on the transssion outside it Noselevesin the dock should be moderated Promote communication amonguses. + FHecring: Reson flooring should be used in offices adjacent to utltarian spaces suchas loading docks. See WBDG Materials Uresources/materas) + Storm Woter Management: The truck's approach othe dock shouldbe at grado sloped away from the loading dock to prevent the collection of storm water Uresources/lou-impact-development-teehnoloies near the dock PRODUCTIVE (/DESIGN-OBJECTIVES/PRODUCTIVE) + Weather Protection for Users nd Goods: Open loading docks shouldbe covered atlas four feet beyond the edge ofthe platform aver the looding berth to protec users and goods being unloaded. n cold climates dock seals should be used at each loading bay. Alternatively, consideration could be givento enclosing the entire loading by. + Staging Ara: A staging area inside the building shouldbe provided adjacent to the loading doc Lgntindustrial Uspace-typesight industria. Iemust be protected from the weather See also WBDG SECURE / SAFE (/DESIGN-OBJECTIVES/SECURE-SAFE) + Monitoring ingress / Egress: A dock manager'sraom or booth should be located so the manager can keen the entire dock areain view and control the entrance and et from the building, The flow ofcirulationnto the dock should pass this control int and acess shouldbe restrcteé to authorized personnel Security cameras may serve asa backup. See also WBDG Secure/Safe—Security fo Building Occupants and Assets desigr-objctves/secure- safelsecurity-building-occupants-asets) + imergency Egress Loading docks should not be used as emergency egress paths from the bulling Adaltonally staging areas and associated equipment ‘must not interfere with emergency egress routes from the building. Se also WBDG Secure/Safe—Fire Protection design-objectvesisecure-afefre- protection) + Monitoring Deliveries and Shipments: Examination of deliveries should take place inthe staging rea and shoulbe motored by the truck diver anda Shipping/eceivng clerk. Shipping and receiving logs should be kept. + Blast Protection: Based on isk analysis forthe bulla, the loading dock should be lcatedso that vehicles wll ot be driven into or parked under the bulng if thistenot possible the service area shouldbe harcened fr blast, Docks shouldbe separated by at least SO feet in ay rection from uty rooms utility mans, nd service entrances including electrical, telephone/data fire detecton/alarm systems, fire suppression water mains, cooling and mains, et. Locate normal and emergency fel storage areas away from loading docks. See also Desigring Bilings to Resist Explosive Treats, cesignng-buleings-resst-explosive-hrets).+ HVAC: Corser providing separate HVAC systems for loading docks when there significant risk of threatening, internal events. See also i Barrer Systersin Builings Uresources/aimbarrersystems-buléings) Accident Prevention Sis and falls are anong the most common types of accidents that occur on loading docks. With the great amount of activity mater and equipment concentrated an docks, proper maintenance ofthis space is necessary ensure user safety. Sil andleaks must be cleaned up Immediately; damage to loring must be repaired dock plates must be properly placed trash must be removed and eispasedo containers, packaging, and tools must be keptoutaf circulation paths and pedestrian anc forklift routes should be citferentiated and marked, Note that dumpsters usee a the loading dock shouldbe located ina controlled area, Se alsa Sustainable OEM Practice Uresources/sustainable-om-practces Foklits: lors shouldbe equipped with lights front and back, anda horn In humid candltions or when unloading refrigerated trucks, moisture may accumulate on truck bed creating dangerous, slippery conditions for forklifts, se mats ra drying agent to prevent slippage + Prevent Runaway Trucks: Use chocks, whee tops or ahook on the rear ale of the truck to prevent runaway trucks ‘SUSTAINABLE (/DESIGN-OBJECTIVES/SUSTAINABLE) + Indoor Environmental Quality: The entrances and exits at loading docks an service entrances shouldbe previded with a means to reduce the infiltration of ‘outside debris into the building: Maintaining a negative pressure indock, relatveto the res ofthe building, wl help reduce infiltration and enhance Indoor environmental quality /desgn-objectvesiustanablefenhance-indor-enviconmenta-quaity).See also Ar Barrer Systemsin Buildings resourcesiairbarier-systems-buildings) + Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Carbon monoxide exposure from trucks and powered materia-handling equipment, such as forklits, presents a serious health Fisk to employees who work on loading docks. o eliminate or reduce exposure tothe gas take the following steps Instruct track rivers totum of their engines when docked: Consider using electric powered forklifts or electric powered jacks; Install acarbon monoxide alarm and test it regularly; Use local exhaust vntationto remove carbon monoxide; And, make sure theres enough ventilation to remove carbon monoxide even when doors and windows are shut, For more information see the Carbon Monoxide White Paper UFFC/GSAVcarbonmonoxide.wp.pdf 3. + Airlntake Ventilation: The placement anc laation of outsdearintakes is citial the healt ofthe accupants inside a bulding and must bein compliance garage entries and withthe security requirements ofthe building. entation ar intakes shouldbe located noless than 25 feet away from lading similar carbon monoxide contamination points. See alo WEDG Sustainable Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality Uesien bjectivessustainable/enhanee-indoor-environmental-quality). + Radiant Heating Because louding docks experience high alr infitration lads, radiant heating systems, het water or gas re may be considered in eu of convective or all-ar eating systems 2s an energy saving measure, Overhead and under-flor type systems are both appropiate. RELEVANT CODES AND STANDARDS ‘The following agences and organizations have developed codes an standards affecting the design of Loading Docks. Note thatthe codes and standards are minimum requirements. Architects, engineers, and consultant shuld consider exceeding the applicable requirements whenever possible + GSA PBS-P100 Focites Standard forte Public Buldngs Service elgsaleriterafphs-p100) + tntemotionl Buln Coe htatwnicesatecrgtodes tech supporecdes!2015:-odesibe MAJOR RESOURCES WBDG BUILDING TYPES Health Care Facies (bulding-typeseakth-care faites), Land Port of Entry /uildng-ypes/land-port-entry1), Office Building building-typesiotice building), Research Facies /bulleing-typesesearch-tacltesgovernment laboratory), Warehouse Vulldingtypes/warehouse) DESIGN OBJECTIVES Functional Operational tesign-objectives/tanctional-operationall, Productive iesign-objectives/prductive, Secure Safe esign-objecivesSecure-safel, Sustainable (esigr-objectvessustainabe) TOOLS + GASust ‘your sustainably planning, designing and procurement needs inableFacites Tool (SFToo(htostool go/Exploresbullding-systems-solié-waste|~SEToo's immersive vir