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A Report on calculation of the paper entitled

ENERGY-EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

Submitted by:
Energy and exegy analysis of a diesel engine

Objective:

1) Analizing exergy and energy of both diesel strokes in 4- stroke


engine

Introduction:
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine.It uses the heat of compression to
initiate ignition to burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber.
In recent years, exergy analysis method has been widely used in the design,
simulation and performance assessment of various types of engines for identifying
losses and efficiencies. In this study, the first and second Laws of thermodynamics
are employed to analyze the quantity and quality of energy in a four-cylinder, direct
injection diesel engine using petroleum. The availability or exergy analysis based on
the Second Law is utilized to identify the source of losses in useful energy within the
components of diesel engines. Diesel engines have efficiencies of about 35% and
about 50% of the input fuel energy is lost in cooling water and exhaust
gases.Methods namely regeneration,turbocharging, rankine engine compounding
are used for waste heat recovery. In the paper,it is found that 50% of the chemical
availability of the fuel is destroyed due to uncounted factors and about 15% is lost
in the cooling water or exhaust gases. On the other hand, the energy analysis shows
50% is wasted in the cooling water and exhaust gases and 15% is lost due to
uncounted factors.

For the analysis, a turbocharged Merceds benz OM422A diesel engine is taken.The
fuel taken is dodecane C12H26. In a diesel engine, the input energy contained in
diesel fuel is converted to:

I. Useful brake output power;

2. Energy transferred to cooling water;

3. Energy transferred to the exhaust gases;


4. Uncounted losses due to friction, radiation, heat transfer to surroundings,
operating auxiliary

equipment ,etc.

Figures of turbocharged diesel engine and Ideal P-V and T-S diagram are shown
below:

Fig 1. Ideal P-V and T-S diagram

Fig2. Schematic diagram for turbo-charged diesel engine

Energy analysis:
The input energy (Q in) to the diesel engine is the amount of fuel
energy content in the diesel fuel and it is given by:

Qin = mf xLHV = SFC. W.LHV


The heat transferred from the engine block to the cooling water jacket is

Qc.w = mwCw(Tw2 - Tw1)

The wasted energy in the exhaust gases is evaluated by

k
(k-I)/k
Q e.g = Cpe x mf(1 + AF)(Te,i- To) - {maRa Ta,i k1 [r - 1] }/c

Exergy Analysis :
Unlike energy, the value of exergy depends on the state of the environment as well
as the state of the system. Therefore, exergy is a combination property. The exergy
analysis of thermal systems is performed to improve energy source utilization by
determining the order of exergy destructions and losses in the processes and
components of the system and then by reducing them. In diesel engines the
availability present in diesel fuel is converted to:

1. Useful brake output availability;

2. Availability transferred to cooling water;

3. Availability transferred to the exhaust gases;

4. Availability destroyed in the turbo-charger;

5. Uncounted availability destructions due to; friction, radiation, heat transfer to


surroundings,

operating auxiliary equipment, etc.

The amount of each of these availability transfers is determined on the basis of the
Second Lawof Thermodynamics :

H O S
Ain = mf LHV.[1 . 0374 + O.O159 C + 0.0567 C +.5985. C .( 1 -

H
0.1737. C )]

H O S
Ain = QIN.[1 . 0374 + O.O159 C + 0.0567 C +.5985. C .( 1 -

H
0.1737. C )]
The availability lost in the cooling water is determined from the definition of
availability as:

Ac.w = mw[hw2 - hw1 + To(Sw1 - Sw2)]

Similarly, the availability of exhaust gases is

A e.g = me [he,o - ho + To (Se,o - So)]

Po
=Qe.g+meTo [C p,e In T e,o Re In Pe ,o ]

Here, the isentropic and actual temperatures of the exhaust gases leaving the
turbine are

T e,os = Te,i - W/(me. Cpe. t)

Te,oa = Te, i - W/(mc . Cp,e)

and the pressure of the exhaust gases leaving the turbine is


(n/n- 1)
Pe,o = Pe,i(Te,os/Tei)

The availability destruction, irreversibilities, in the compressor of the turbo-charger


are

Po
Ic = ma To(S a,o S a,i) = maTo [ CpeIn T eo Re In P eo ]

where

Ta,o = Ta,i + W/(ma. Cpa)

The uncounted destruction of availability is determined from the availability balance


as:

Auncounted = A in -- Ashaft -- Acw - Ae.g - Itc

CONCLUSION:
In this study, it is seen from calculation that 30% of heat loss occurs from
combustion and majority of heat loss is due to unaccounted factors.

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