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STUDY QUESTIONS
Endocrine System
Answers are provided below each question
1. The hormone primarily responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate and for
promoting the maturation of the brain is:
A. cortisol
B. ACTH
C. TSH
D. thyroxine
E. none of the preceding.
d
3. Which of the following would result from a thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid
gland)?
5. The secretion of which hormone would be increased in a person with endemic goiter?
A. TSH.
B. thyroxine
C. triiodothyronine
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6. Which of the following hormone pairs is not produced by the same endocrine gland?
A. LH/FSH
B. ACTH/ADH
C. prolactin/GH
D. CRH/PIH.
E. all of the preceding are correctly paired.
b
7. Oxytocin:
A. Hypothalamus
B. hypophysis
C. adrenal
D. thyroid E. parathyroid.
21. A tumor of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets would probably affect the body's
ability to:
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A. adrenal cortex
B. adrenal medulla
C. ovaries
D. mammary glands
E. thyroid gland.
b
A. GH
B. progesterone
C. ICSH
D. ADH
E. none of the preceding.
e
MATCHING.
A. Cushing's syndrome
B. cretinism
C. myxedema
D. Endemic goiter
E. Addison's disease
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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35. The action of glucocorticoids involves many functions, but only one of the following
is a correct one:
a) increases inflammatory responses
b) decreases lipid hydrolysis (lipolysis)
c) increases glucose levels
d) retention of electrolytes by the kidneys
e) increases osteoclast activity
c
36. This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption:
a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) thyroxine
d) pancreatic polypeptide
e) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
b
37. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) activation of thyroid follicular cells
b) increased iodide trapping in thyroid follicles
c) increased thyroglobulin synthesis
d) increased release of T3/ T4
e) all of above are correct
e
38. The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:
a) F-cells
b) principal cells
c) alpha cells
d) beta cells
e) delta cells
d
39. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is activated by the:
a) hypothalamus
b) adrenal gland
c) pituitary gland
d) thyroid gland
e) release of glucocorticoids
a
40. If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone
would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:
a) insulin
b) epinephrine
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c) glucagon
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin
a
41. Somatostatin is secreted by the:
a) pancreatic F-cells
b) pancreatic delta cells
c) zona fasciculata
d) parafollicular cells
e) posterior pituitary
b
42. Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:
a) cretinism
b) diabetes mellitus
c) diabetes insipidus
d) Addisons disease
e) Graves disease
d
43. A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion of hormones
produced in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a
patient with such a tumor:
a) increased blood sodium levels
b) increased blood glucose levels
c) decreased blood calcium levels
d) increased dehydration
e) increased ketoacidosis
a
44. Oxytocin is secreted by the:
a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia
e)cervix
b You can do in an in the in and the in the in the in the in the
long and in
45. A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:
a) diabetes insipidus
b)type I diabetes mellitus
c) type II diabetes mellitus
d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
e) juvenile diabetes
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c
46. Vasopressin is the same hormone as:
a) cortisol
b) epinephrine
c) ADH
d) hGH
e) oxytocin
c
47. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS):
a) is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis under stress
b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to stress
c) is a part of the sympathetic (fight or flight) response
d) reduces the amounts of stress your body encounters
e) none of the above
b
48. Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous and endocrine
systems:
a) target cells affected
b) time to onset of actions
c) duration of actions
d) mechanism of signalling and communication
e) none of the above
e
49. The endocrine system:
a. Releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body
b. Releases hormones that can alter the metabolic activities of many different
tissues and organs
c. Produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d. Can alter the gene activity of cells
e. All of the above
e
52. Which of the following hormones does not act via a second messenger system?
a. Glucagon
b. Epinephrine
c. GH
d. Testosterone
e. ACTH
d
53. What hypophyseal structure receives signals from the hypothalamus via the
hypophyseal portal system?
a. Follicular medulla
b. Adenohypophysis
c. Neurohypophysis
d. Pars intermedia
e. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
54. Low blood glucose typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Glucagon
b. Thyroxine
c. hGH
d. PTH
e. 3 of the above
d
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60. Say you ate 25 sugar cubes and then drank a liter of Mountain Dew, which
hormone might be secreted in large amounts as a result?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Prolactin
d. GnRH
e. Somastinin
a
62. A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa may cause hypersecretion of the hormones
in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a patient with
such a tumor?
a. Increased blood sodium levels
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64. A lack or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result in:
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Type I diabetes mellitus
c. Type II diabetes mellitus
d. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
e. Gestational diabetes
67. Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous and the
endocrine systems
a. Target cells affected
b. Latent period for onset of actions
c. Duration of actions
d. Mechanism of signalling
e. None of the above
e
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e. Grave's disease
d
74. As thyroid hormone levels increase, pituitary TSH secretion will ______________.
Decrease
82) The two systems that act to control all body activities are the nervous and _____
systems.
A)circulatory
B)exocrine
C)endocrine
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D)muscular
c
83) The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the
blood.
A)exocrine
B)endocrine
C)circulatory
D)excretory
b
84) Which of the following glands does not belong to the endocrine system?
A)pituitary
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)salivary
d
85) Which of the following is not a chemical class of hormones?
A)protein
B)steroid
C)glycoprotein
D)carbohydrate
d
86) Which of these is not a steroid?
A)adrenalin
B)cholesterol
C)progesterone
D)cortisone
a
87) Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the
others?
A)testosterone
B)cholesterol
C)vitamin D
D)estrogen
b
88) Which of these is not produced by the anterior pituitary?
A)ACTH
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)somatostatin
D)somatotropin
c
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89) Which of the following is not a pancreatic hormone?
A)glucagon
B)aldosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin
b
90) Which of the following is not a hormone function?
A)increase cellular oxygen consumption
B)cause osteoblasts to divide
C)convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
D)alter genetic expression
c
91) Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleotides
D)lipids
d
92) Which factor is a direct cause of the rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
A)prostaglandin
B)cortisone
C)cortisol
D)arachidonic acid
a
93) Which of the following is not a property of prostaglandins?
A)regulate blood pressure
B)effect reproductive functions
C)influence kidney Na+ movement
D)all of these are functions
d
94) Which of these is an example of negative feedback?
A)insulin lowers blood sugar
B)GH causes osteoblast division
C)PTH raises blood calcium levels
D)low blood sugar inhibits insulin
d
95) Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.
A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary
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C)thyroid
D)adrenal cortex
a
96) Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?
A)ACTH
B)PRL
C)FSH
D)melanocyte
b
97) Which of the following directly influences or controls the other areas?
A)anterior pituitary
B)thyroid gland
C)hypothalamus
D)ovary and testis
c
98) Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?
A)insulin
B)somatotropin
C)corticotropin
D)growth hormone releasing hormone
b
99) The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull
bones and distortions in the arms and hands.
A)dwarfism
B)giantism
C)myxedema
D)acromegaly
d
100) The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
A)PRL
B)oxytocin
C)PRF
D)PIF
a
101) Which of the following is not produced by the pituitary?
A)ACTH
B)FSH
C)ICSH
D)GnRH
d
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102) Which hormone decreases the production of urine?
A)ADH
B)adrenalin
C)oxytocin
D)thyroxine
a
103) Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)prolactin
C)follicle stimulating hormone
D)luteinizing hormone
a
104) ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is
therefore also called _____.
A)oxytocin
B)vasopressin
C)angiotensin
D)adrenocorticotropin
b
105) Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus
during labor?
A)ADH
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)prostaglandin
c
106) Which hormone is most closely involved with ovulation?
A)prolactin
B)LH
C)FSH
D)estrogen
b
107) Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?
A)thyroxine
B)cortisone
C)insulin
D)parathormone
a
108) Which of the following is not true of thyroxine?
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c
115) Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the
adrenal medulla?
A)tyrosine
B)dopamine
C)epinephrine
D)norepinephrine
c
116) Which of the following is not true of aldosterone?
A)secreted from the zona glomerulosa
B)decreases blood Na+ levels
C)stimulated by angiotensin II
D)raises blood volume
b
117) Which of these is not true of cortisol?
A)stimulates gluconeogenesis
B)decreases blood glucose
C)decreases protein synthesis
D)stimulated by ACTH
b
118) The following relate to Cushing's syndrome except which one?
A)moon face and buffalo hump
B)under-secretion of ACTH
C)over-secretion of ACTH
D)hyperglycemia
b
119) The following are true of insulin except which one?
A)can cause hypoglycemia
B)can cause hyperglycemia
C)produced in the islets of Langerhans
D)antagonized by glucagon
b
120) The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.
A)pituitary
B)pineal
C)thyroid
D)thymus
b
121) The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.
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A)thyroid
B)pituitary
C)thymus
D)pancreas
c
122) Which gland produces a hormone that stimulates the production of blood cells?
A)kidney
B)heart
C)liver
D)pancreas
a
123) In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased except which
one?
A)blood sugar
B)heart rate
C)blood pressure
D)digestion
d
124) Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A)in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
B)in the posterior pituitary
C)in the anterior pituitary
D)in the brain stem
a
125) Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in
response to stress?
A)thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)luteinizing hormone
D)prolactin
b
126) Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the
release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)oxytocin
C)thyroxine
D)triiodothyronine
a
127) The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and
phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and
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133) The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the
______________ gland.
A)thymus
B)pineal
C)parathyroid
D)pituitary
b
134) Which of these is not an endocrine property?
A)hormones reach targets through the blood
B)effects are slow and cyclic
C)rapid acting effects
D)effects caused by chemicals
c
135) Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
A)pancreas
B)testes
C)salivary gland
D)parathyroid
c
136) Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?
A)affect heart rate
B)control temperature
C)affect water balance
D)secrete FSH
d
137) Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
A)FSH
B)LH
C)ACTH
D)ADH
d
138) Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?
A)ADH
B)insulin
C)PTH
D)ACTH
a
139) The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.
A)prolactin
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B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)progesterone
c
140) Which hormone has the greatest influence on the ability to produce milk?
A)oxytocin
B)estrogen
C)prolactin
D)progesterone
c
141) Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A)somatotropin
B)testosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin
a
142) Which of these does not directly stimulate the gonads?
A)FSH
B)TSH
C)LH
D)ICSH
b
143) Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?
A)GH
B)thyroxine
C)TSH
D)ACTH
b
144) The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors.
A)True
B)False
b
145) An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine systems simultaneously.
A)True
B)False
a
146) Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland can have direct neurological effects.
A)True
B)False
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a
147) Oxytocin is a protein secreted by the posterior pituitary.
A)True
B)False
b
148) Prostaglandins are considered hormones, which are stored within cells and released
on demand.
A)True
B)False
b
149) Prostaglandins are known to cause the smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines to
contract.
A)True
B)False
a
150) The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic
levels.
A)True
B)False
b
151) The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the
nervous system.
A)True
B)False
a
152) As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are
reduced.
A)True
B)False
a
153) Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-antidiuretic.
A)True
B)False
a
154) The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes
in blood concentration.
A)True
B)False
a
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155) Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling because of an
excess of ADH.
A)True
B)False
b
156) Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of a
deficiency of thyroxine.
A)True
B)False
a
157) It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.
A)True
B)False
a
158) Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies.
A)True
B)False
a
159) Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands.
A)True
B)False
a
160) Cortisone can either cause or inhibit inflammation.
A)True
B)False
a
161) The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the
alpha cells.
A)True
B)False
b
162) It is possible to find all the hormones in a blood sample taken from the arm.
A)True
B)False
a
163) All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus.
A)True
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B)False
b
164) Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH.
A)True
B)False
b
165) High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback.
A)True
B)False
b
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