Reg. No.

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Manipal University, Manipal - 576 104

I Sem. MTech. (CAMDA) Degree End Semester Examinations

NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2014

SUBJECT: FATIGUE OF MATERIALS (MME-507)

Time: 3 Hours MAX.MARKS: 50

Instructions to Candidates:
Answer ANY FIVE FULL questions.
Additional data required, if any, may be appropriately assumed.
Fatigue Design Data Hand Book is permitted

1A) Compare the significance of different fatigue life extension methods. (3)

1B) Explain with reason the type of fatigue problems solved using stress-life and
strain-life approaches. (2)

1C) A component undergoes a cyclic stress with a maximum value of 700 MPa
and a minimum value of 250 MPa. The component is made of steel with an
ultimate strength of 1100 MPa, yield strength 800 MPa, endurance limit of
500 MPa and fully reversed stress at 1000 cycles is 900 MPa. Using
Soderberg, Goodman and Gerber relation determine the life of component.
Also fit an S-N equation. (5)

2A) Differentiate between ductile and brittle fracture based on the slip process. (2)

2B) The following stress-strain and strain-life properties are given for a steel
E = 30 x 103 ksi, K = 137 ksi, n = 0.22, f = 120 ksi, f = 0.95, b = -0.11,
c = -0.64. Determine the following.
i) Transition life in cycles
ii) The elastic, plastic and total strain amplitude for lives of 500 reversals
and 2 x 106 reversals.
iii) Cyclic stress amplitude corresponding to fatigue lives of 500 and 2 x
106 reversals.
iv) A component made from this material is required to have a life of no
less than 104 reversals. The loading on the component causes a total
strain amplitude of 0.008. Determine if the component will meet the life
requirements. (5)

2C) At the transition life, 2Nt, determine the stress and strain amplitude (/2,
/2) in terms of the cyclic stress-strain properties (E, K, n) of a material. (3)

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3A) Compare the features of different experimental methods of determination of
CSSC. (3)

3B) Explain the significance of hysteresis curve and then derive an expression for
the equation of general hysteresis curve. (3)

3C) Explain as how notch and mean stress effects are addressed in ductile
materials at HCF? A steel [ultimate strength = 750 MPa, yield strength = 650
MPa, true fracture strength = 900 MPa, Sn = 850N-0.065 (correspond to axial
zero mean stress)] plate with a hole (kt = 2, kf = 1.9) is subjected to axial
mean stress of 300 MPa. If the local stress at the hole is limited to yield point
stress determine the amplitude stress for a life of 5 x 106 cycles. (4)

4A) How fatigue behavior of materials are addressed at low and high
temperatures? (3)

4B) Explain the significance of Neubers rule.

A notched component has a theoretical stress concentration factor Kt of 3.
The component is loaded to cause a nominal stress, S, of 200 MPa.
Determine the resulting notch root stress, , and strain, . The component is
then unloaded to a nominal stress of zero. Determine the residual stress at
the notch root. What is the fatigue life of the component if it is subjected to a
cyclic nominal stress of 0 to 200 MPa (R=0)? Use a Neuber analysis and
Marrow mean stress-strain life relationship. The strain life properties for this
material are E = 100 GPa, f = 1000 MPa, f = 1.0, b = -0.08, c = -0.60. (7)

5A) Explain multiaxial fatigue life estimation with reference to different

approaches. (4)

5B) Listed below are the strain-life properties for a high and low strength steel.

Steel f (MPa) f b c E (GPa)

Low strength 800 1 -0.1 -0.5 200
High strength 2700 0.1 -0.08 -0.7 200

Which steel would allow

i) The largest completely reversed strain for a life of 200 reversals?

ii) The largest completely reversed stress for a life of 200 reversals?
iii) The largest completely reversed strain for a life of 2 x 106 of reversals?
iv) The largest completely reversed stress for a life of 2 x 106 reversals?
v) How do you compare the application of above two steels from fatigue
consideration? (6)
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6A) Fatigue of materials is influenced by type of loading, loading sequence and
variable amplitude loading. Justify the statement. (3)

6B) It is required to design a solid circular link made of 4340 steel heat treated to
a hardness of Rockwell C-35. The link is to be subjected to a spectrum of
axial loads and it is desired to design the member for a 99 % probability of
survival. The 99% probability of survival S-N design data based on
experimental test results is shown in Table below for completely reversed
cyclic stresses. The actual link is to be subjected to the following spectrum of
loading during each duty cycle: 98 kN for 1200 cycles, 53 kN for 7000 cycles
and 29 kN for 50000 cycles.

S N S N (cycles)
(MPa) (cycles) (MPa)
1161 100 760 55500
1106 1350 691 110000
1037 3500 622 216000
968 7100 553 440000
898 14200 484 1980000
829 28000 470 Infinite

The duty cycle is to be repeated 3 times during the life of the bar. Preliminary
estimation show that cross section area of 100 mm2 could be used for 99 %
probability of survival. State whether this area is acceptable or not using the
Manson double linear damage rule theory. If not, suggest approximate
modified cross section with justification. (7)

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