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Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027

2012 International Conference on Future Electrical Power and Energy Systems

The Monitoring System for the Wind Power Generation

Based on the Wireless Sensor Network
Wu Chunming,Cheng Liang
Information Engineering College,Northeast Dianli University,Jilin,China

Abstract

Aim at meeting the requirements of the wind power generation monitoring system, this thesis describes a system
which builds up a wireless, real-time, multi-object remote monitoring system of the wind power generation. The
hardware part of the monitoring system integrates MSP430F169 with CC2520 and CC2591, and the software part is
implemented by TinyOS embedded operating system programming. The wireless remote monitoring system is
depending on the WSN. There are many merits, which the wired network doesnt have, in the WSN. This design has
established the communication between the monitoring terminal and the monitoring center.

2012
2011Published
PublishedbybyElsevier
ElsevierLtd. Selection
Ltd. and/or
Selection peer-review
and/or under
peer-review responsibility
under of Hainan
responsibility University.
of [name organizer]
Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Keywords: WSN;the monitoring system;the wind power generation; CC2520; CC2591;MSP430F169

1.Introduction

The development and using of the renewable energy source can effectively alleviate the predicament of
the supply of energy and the change of climatic. The wind energy is regarded as new energy which has the
broadest prospect of development and using. As the developing of the technology, the efficiency of
economic and environment is more and more remarkable. The government of china takes seriously to the
wind power generation. At present in china, most of the wind power generations monitoring systems take
the wired method as the foundation. And the majority systems which were already applied in the power
station and the content of research is too unitary. But the wired method has many flaw. In this article has
invented a set wind power generation observation system takes the wireless sensor networking as the
foundation. During various nodes in this system selects the wireless communication method to carry on the
data to lose, could effectively solve many difficult problems by the wired way in observation system [1].

1876-6102 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Hainan University.
Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.202
 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027 1021

2.Overall System Design

2.1The choice of substation monitoring object

After investigation, we discover that the overall system needs to monitor dozens of kind of data. But so
many data can divide into two kind, they are the analog signal and the digital signal. Therefore we only
need to complete the analog signal and digital signal gathering and the data transmission in this data
acquisition transmission system.

2.2.The structure of system and the function of component

The system involves three field, they are the wind field, the monitoring room and the middle region
between the wind field and the monitoring and control room. The overall system is distributed in the
above three different regions. The first is the parameter gathering node located at the wind field interior is
responsible for gathering each kind of parameter. The second is located at between the wind field and the
monitoring room it is the relaying node is responsible for the information relay transmission. The third is
the monitoring room node, it is located at the wind fields monitoring room or neighbor, is responsible
to relays the data which is the relaying node transmits to the control room node. This node will receive
and compile data, send the data to the far-end control room through satellite, optical fiber, GSM or GPRS
and so on. The overall composition of the system is shown in Fig1 [2].

Figure 1. The overall composition of the system

2.3. Program of system networking

According to the requirements of the business data quantity, data transmission delay, reliability
requirements, data privacy, network conditions. Far-end monitoring center establishes a fixed connection
with the monitoring room. The monitoring terminal will login a wireless channel in the WSN when it
comes to communicating and initiates a connection with the monitoring room node. And all nodes in the
monitoring region, the relaying node and the monitoring node will compose a huge wireless network.
There are many operations in this system, these operations realize through the procedure.
1022 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027

3.The Hardware Design of the Monitoring System

3.1.The hardware design of node power

In the system, the request of radiofrequency component for the power is quite high. Here uses the low
dropout regulator , it has many characteristics such as the low cost, small seal, few periphery component
and low noise and so on. The typical LDO chip is TPS780330220 which produces by TI. So we use it to
construct the power chip. Because its peripheral circuit is very simple, did not need to introduce it [2].

3.2.Microprocessor's choice

The microprocessor uses MSP430F169. Its power loss is very low, has rich the peripheral device in
chip. Its peripheral circuit is very simple [3].

3.3.The hardware design of communication module

In order to increase the signal distance of each node as far as possible, in this design, take CC2520 as
the base RF transceiver, and in its front take CC2591 as the power amplifier to increase the signal
distance. The CC2520s peripheral circuit is simple as shown in Figure 2 [4].

VCC
R3
P1.0
P5.7
P5.3

56K
C11
C12
100nF
10uF
26
28
27

25
24
22
23

R5 U4
CC2520
VREG_EN
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1M

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SO NC
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SI AVDD1
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7 15
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AVDD5

AVDD3
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GPIO1
GPIO0

GND

VCC

CC2520 C22
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
29

10uF

C23 C24 27pF

2

10uF
Y3
32MHz
1

C25 27pF
P1.3 PAEN
P1.5 EN
P1.6 HGM

Figure 2. The CC2520s peripheral circuit

CC2591 is a range extender for 2.4-GHz low-power RF transceivers from TI. It increases the link
budget by providing a power amplifier. Its application circuit is shown in Fig3 [5].
 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027 1023

VCC VCC
C9 C10

100pF 100pF
VCC
TL2 TL1 VCC

C13
R4
C14
1K
100pF
100pF

16
15
14
13
U5
CC2591 TL3 E1

BIAS
GND
AVDD_LNA
AVDD_B
C16 1 12 C17
L2 AVDD_PA1 GND L1
RF_N 2 11
RF_N ANT
3 10
C18 RXTX AVDD_PA2
4 9 L3
L4 RF_P GND
RF_P
C21 C19 C20

PAEN

HGM
GND
EN
5
6
7
8
CC2591
PAEN
EN
HGM

Figure 3. The CC2591s peripheral circuit

3.4.The hardware design of three nodes

y The schematic diagram of nodes

Three kinds of node's structures are very similar. The node's core is the MSP430 and RF transceiver.
Only according to the nodes different function, establishes the different functional module to different
node. Gathering nodes functional module is the signal conversion interface. The relaying node is
composed to RF transceiver and processor. The monitoring room nodes major functional modules are the
RS232, the node status indicator circuit and the alarm circuit. The schematic diagram of three nodes is
show in Fig4 [2].

Low-power RF
transceiver
(CC2520+CC2591)

TTAG
Analog sensors
SDRAM
Major
function Signal
module of conversion
gathering interface Microprocessor
node (MSP430F169)
Power system
Digital sensors

Status
RS232 Alarm
indicator

Major function module of

monitoring room node

Figure 4. The schematic diagram of three nodes

y The hardware design of gathering node

The signal conversion interface includes the analog signal gathering circuit and the digital signal
gathering circuit. They are responsible for transform the analog signal and digital signal, which transmit
by the sensors, to suitable for receiving by microprocessor. They are show in Fig5 and Fig6 [6].
1024 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027

AIN0
P2
R?
2 D?
1 C? 150
ACH00
P2
10nF AIN1
2 R?
1 D? C? 150
ACH01

P2 10nF AIN2
2 R?
1 D? C?
ACH02 150

P2 10nF AIN3
2 R?
1 D? C?
ACH03 150

P2 10nF AIN4
2 R?
1 D? C? 150
ACH04

P2 10nF AIN5
2 R?
1 D? C? 150
ACH05

P2 10nF AIN6
2 R?
1 D? C? 150
ACH06
10nF

Figure 5. The analog signal gathering circuit

y The hardware design of monitoring room node

This node is responsible for receiving data and completing the communication between system and
PC. The system and PC transmit the information through this node's RS232. According to system's
request, this node increased the node status indicator circuit and the alarm circuit. RS232 uses SP3220
which product by TI, has low power loss, MSP430's I/O set the chips pin (SHDN) at the high level cause
the chip work at the low power loss condition. Because the MSP430 load capacity is very low, in this
design the power the amplification circuit constitutes with LM386 to actuate the alarm [6].

DIN_EN Q1
D1 3. 3V
R2 P3
R3
1
DIN0 10K
5K
2
D3 DCH00
R5 R6 5.6K
P5
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1
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D5 5K
DCH01
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1.5K 5K
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1
D7
R13 R14 2
DCH02
1.5K 5.6K
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DIN3 R15 5K
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D9
R17 R18 2
DCH03
1.5K 5K
P13
DIN4 5K R19
1
D11
R21 R22 2
DCH04
5.6K
1.5K
P15
DIN5 5K R23
1
D13
R25 R26 2
DCH05
1.5K 5K
P17
DIN6 R28 5.6K
1
D15
R29 2
5K R30
DCH06
DIN7 1.5K
5K P18
R31
1
R33 R34 2
DCH07
1.5K
5.6K

Figure 6. The digital signal gathering circuit

 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027 1025

4.Software Design of This System

The system uses TinyOS embedded real-time operating system as the software operating platform, the
design of software is implemented on TinyOS 2.0 Platform. The WSN embedded characteristic requests to
disseminate new procedure code in the network [7].

4.1. The software design of the gathering node

The gathering node's master program mainly completes the data acquisition, processing and exchange
and so on. The flowchart of main program is show in Fig7.

Figure 7. The gathering nodes flowchart of main program

4.2.The software design of the relaying node

The relying node's master program is show in Fig8. It only completes to relay the data from one node
to another, and relay the data to monitoring room in the end.
1026 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027

Figure 8. The relaying nodes flowchart of main program

4.3.The software design of the monitoring room node

The relying node's master program is show in Fig9. It completes to control all of nodes in the system
and to communicate with PC and so on .

Figure 9. Monitoring room nodes flowchart of main program

 Wu Chunming and Cheng Liang / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 1020 1027 1027

5.Conclusions

This remote wireless monitoring system implements real-time remote monitoring and management of
wind power generation by using the WSN. System consists of three parts: the gathering node for field
data collection and transmission; the relaying node for relay the data from one node to another; the
monitoring room node for controlling the system and communicating with PC.
The hardware part of the monitoring system integrates MSP430F169 is one type of 16-bit ultra low
power loss monolithic microcomputer with communication module CC2520+CC2591 which is TI's
second generation ZigBee /IEEE 802.15.4 RF transceiver for the 2.4 GHz unlicensed ISM band, and
establishes nodes hardware system though some circuits such as external extended memory, signal
conversion interface, RS232 and serial port; the software part is implemented by TinyOS embedded
operating system programming. This design performs the functions of monitoring terminal which is
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Reference

[1] Liao Mingfu, Technology of Wind Power Generation, Northwestern Industry University Publishing House, Xian, pp.
3-20, 2009. in Chinese
[2] Cui Xun xue, Zhao zhan, and Wang cheng, Field Application and Design Technologies Of Wireless Sensor Network,
Defense Industry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 33,158160240244262263, 2009. in Chinese
[3] Texas Instruments, MSP430 data sheet, 2005.
[4] Texas Instruments, CC2520 data sheet, 2008.
[5] Texas Instruments, CC2591 data sheet, 2008.
[6] Qin Long, Typical Example Of MSP430 Monolithic Microcomputer Applicational System , Chinese Electric Power
Publishing House, Beijing, pp.115-119, 2005. in Chinese
[7] Philip Levis et al, The Emergece of Networking Abstrsctions and Techniques in TinyOS, In Proceedings of the First
Symposuim on Networked System Design and Implementation, 2004.