Unit 2 Chapter Tour

Learning Target I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.

Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.
3 Developing I can differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.
2 Basic I can identify organic and inorganic substances important to the
human body and explain why each is important.
1 Minimal I can define organic and inorganic substances.
0 No Evidence No evidence.

Learning Target I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy in the body.
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy
in the body.
3 Developing I can sequence the events of cellular respiration glycolysis, the
citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
2 Basic I can interpret a diagram that sequences the process of cellular
respiration.
1 Minimal I can define the steps of cellular respiration.
0 No Evidence No evidence.

Chapter 2
Section 2.3 Chemical Constituents of Cells (p. 39-47)

Define:
Inorganic: include both carbon and hydrogen.
Organic: dissociate in water to release ions.
Carbohydrates: provide much of the energy that cells require.
Monosaccharides: sugars with 6 carbon atoms.
Disaccharides: two simple sugar building blocks.
Polysaccharides: many simple sugar units joined together.
Lipids: organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents.
Triglyceride: three fatty acid molecules to produce one single fat
Phospholipid: just like glycerol portions only difference, it only has two fatty acid chains.
Steroid: complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms.
Proteins: serve as structural materials, energy sources, or hormones.
Amino acids: building blocks of proteins.
Conformation: determines the function of a protein.
Nucleic Acids: form genes and take part in protein synthesis

Question:
How do inorganic and organic molecules differ?
Inorganic, when they dissociate they release energy, while when Organic dissociate they do not release
energy.
*Create a chart comparing the shape, function, example, monomer, polymer of the organic chemicals
in cells.

Name Shape Function Example monomer Polymer

 Epithelial Protection,
secretion,
absorption,
excretion.

Connective Bind, support,

protect, fill
spaces, store
fat, produce
blood cells.

Muscle Movement.

Nervous Transmit
impulses for
coordination,
regulation,
integration, and
sensory
reception.

Chapter 4
Section 4.1-4.5 Cellular Metabolism (p. 76-83)

Define:
Enzymes: control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism.
Anabolism: build up of larger molecules from smaller ones.
Catabolism: breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy.
Dehydration synthesis: is a process that creates glycogen and carbohydrates
Hydrolysis: decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and splits water molecules in the process.
Substrate: each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical.
Active site: place where part of the enzyme temporarily combines with proteins of the substrate
molecules.
Glycolysis: 6 carbon sugar glucose is broken down into two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules. 2 ATP
Citric acid cycle: the 3 carbon of one carbon and creates CO2 and i connected to a coenzyme to form
acetyl CoA. 2 ATP
Electron transport chain: what's left of the original glucose is stored in a series of enzymes. 32-34 ATP
ATP: chain of three chemical groups called phosphates.
Anaerobic: the breaking of glucose.
Aerobic: when there is an absence of oxygen it yields lactic acid and taps limited energy.
Metabolic pathway: sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions.

Question:
What is the general function of ATP?
To create energy for the cell.
What happens during glycolysis?
The 6-carbon sugar glucose gets broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid. Creating 2 ATP
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
It is connected with two H to create H2O.
What are the final products of cellular respiration?
Co2, Heat, H2O, and ATP energy
How does cellular respiration represent a metabolic pathway?
It controls your actions.