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• Socket 370, 423,478, 775

• NorthBridge, SouthBridge

• DDR 333,400, DDR2

• CMOS, SRAM, DRAM

• Troubleshooting

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I. I.

Introduction

Chapter 1 Overview of Computer

1 15

Part-1 Hardware

Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 7

Central Processing Unit Part- I Central Processing Unit Part-II Motherboard

Static Random Access Memory (Cache Memory)

39 75 107

167

Part-2 System

Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

Partition

Windows 98 Installation

Video, Sound Driver Installation Windows XP Installation

219 249 265 275

Part-3 Troubleshooting

Chapter 4 CPU Problem

85

Chapter 6 Motherboard Problem

141

Chapter 8 Cache Memory Problem

183

C' C' C' C' • "

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Windows 98 ~0')~§8:@:DJ~'J

Appendix Index - Tables Index - Video Files Glossary

285 286 287

· ,.,'.' 1X

, I

Introduction 1

JII FEB_Repair CD d? 3d~:@lt~: 1

Basic Installation ...........................................•. ; 2

ACDSee Installation 3

ACDSee 6.0 3d~ :@lY 7

C''- C'. 9

1lX)3f()~0~:y ..

Memory Size and Unit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 11

Speed and Unit 12

Time for Speed ,'......................................... 12

Chapter 1 Overview of Computer 15

Branded Computer 15

Clone Computer .. 16

Monitor 17

Keyboard and Mouse 17

S t Unit <: 0 0 c 0 c

ys em nJ ~I 3dGm 3d0O'J3dyC:'=lP: .

Motherboard~) 3d~m 3dSdS3dy6:'=lP: .

Central Processing Unit (CPU) .

@()Y.):J-J CPU and Socket ..

Floppy Drive .

Hard Disk .

Expansion Cards ...........................................•

VGA Card .

Super I/O Card .

Keyboard t~ Mouse 0'J8<.D6~6: .

Network Adapter .

Modem Card .

Front Panel .

Power Supply .

Floating Point Unit .

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) .

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) .

Read Only Memory (BIOS) .

CMOS Memory and CMOS Setup ..

Expansion Slots .

Chipset .

Computer Processing .

18 18 19 19 20 20 23 24 25

29 29 30 31 32 32 33 34 34 36 36 36 37

,:" ",::"0... ~... y ••

Chapter 2

Central Processing Unit Part-I

@W'J:j-:) CPU 3d~lL:3doo:~: (8088-80486) .

@W'J:j-j )IT, AT 3d GoT ~(Y)~~ Program~: 3d~:@lY ..

CUP and Mode .

CPU Model 1-~ Speed ~:~~:C\Y-lY .

CPU Process (Micron ~~:o~')) ..

3dGooY8:CYY.)(\) CPU ~: .

486 CPU and Core Voltage ..

486 CPU and Operating System .

Data Bus Width and Address Bus Width .

@W'J:j-\> Data Bus Widtr, j Address Bus Width .

Socket 3, 5, 7 ~:068 CPU (Y)8;;-o8~~:~: ..

CPU Cooling Fan .

Pentium (Socket 5, Socket 7) .

@W'J!j-7 Pentium .

CPU G~8!c0(Y)8;;-o8~8:t~ Core Voltage .

Pentium 1-9 ~(g)~ [§lC<.9~~: ..

Pentium-II and Slot-1 ..

External Cache Memory (Level-2) ..

Cache Memory Speed .

Cache Memory (y)~G~bp .

@W'J:j-~ The Properties of Pentium-II, Intel Celeron

Intel Celeron .

Pentium II, III, Celeron and Bus Speed .

Pentium-III .

@W'J:j-G Pentium-III .

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@W'J!j-? Intel Processor Process and Transistor ..

@W'J:j-1D Pass, Current, and Future

CPU Process Transistions .

@W'J:j-B CPU Socket, Slot Types and Specifications

lB8:CiJ~~G::D,) CPU~: .

@W'J:j-:)o lB8:CiJ~~G::D,) CPU~: .

Clock Speed .

Front Side Bus Speed ..

@W'J:j-:):) Front Side Bus Speed .

PGA-370 3dOjl!::Dd3@lq~ ..

Floating Point Unit .

39 41 41 42 43 43 44 46 46 46 47 48 49 53

53 54 56 57 58 58

59 59 60 62 63

63 66 67

67 68 69 69 69 70

72 72 73

-_

·

'_.'.. Xl

Chapter 3 Central Processing Unit Part-II 7S

Socket PGA-423 "," "",,' """""" '" ""'" ", "" ",' 75

Socket /-lPGA-478 76

Pentium-4 "", """, '" ",""""" "" ,,"" """", "", 76

@()Y):~-~ Pentium-4 CPU Code Name 1~ Core Voltage 77

@()Y):~- J Pentium-4 Classic and Celeron Specification" 78

Pentium-4 BUS Speed t~ Multiplier I:{p: 81

Socket LGA 775 """""""""""""""""""""", 82

LGA 775 CPU "".............. 83

LGA 775 CPU for Cache 2MB , , 84

Chapter 4 CPU Problem

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Power Supply 3doo:~:§~! , .. ".,"",.,"", ,',., ,'

3d:::Y)CXCl~:(81~ oa~qjIL()'Y.)'i' CPU §l~§~: .. " ,

Pentium-4 CPU 1. 7GHz ..

CPU 3doo:~:0~:J..)6§~:

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Chapter 5 Motherboard

85 86 86 87 87 91 96

96 97 98 99

101 102 103

104

107

Motherboard Form Factor 109

Baby AT and Full-size AT , 109

LPX Form Factor .... "., , ,.,"', " "., .. ,' 110

Flex-ATX , .. ,.".,', .. ,"',.,." ,.,",.,." ", .. ,",., 111

Micro-ATX ,.,"', .. ,""',.,"", .. ,." .. ".,"", .. ,",.,.,.. 111

Mini-ATX , , , , , , .. , .. , , . , , , , , , , , .. , .. , .. , .. , , , , . , , , , , .. , , .. , , 111

ATX , .. , ........ , .. , .. , .. , , , , .. , , , .... , , .. , .. , , , , .. . .. 111

NLX Form Factor , , .. " .. , , ,.". 113

WTX. Form Factor . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 113

@().Y.):~-:::> Motherboard Form Factor 114

Motherboard Components 114

@().Y.):~- J CPU, Motherboard and Socket 116

8 bit ISA Motherboard 116

8 bit ISA Motherboard and CPU 116

8 bit ISA Bus Speed .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 117

16 bit ISA Motherboard 119

16 bit ISA Motherboard and CPU 119

16 bit ISA Bus Speed 121

LOCAL BUS 121

32 bit VESA Motherboard 123

32 bit VESA Motherboard and CPU 123

32 bit VESA Bus Speed 125

32 bit PCI local bus 125

PCI Motherboard and CPU 125

PCI Motherboard and Super I/O Card 126

Super I/O Chip 126

32 bit PCI Bus Speed .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 128

32 bit AGP 128

AGP Slot 4X, 8X 129

AGP Bus Speed 129

@().Y.):~-~ AGP Mode 129

AGP Motherboard and CPU .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 131

PCI Express . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 131

Expansion Card '={P:~~:~t: 131

AGP Card d? ~~:~t: 133

PCI Card a? ~~:~6: 133

ISA Card a? yt:~:~8: 134

Motherboard Chipset 135

@().Y.):~-C; North Bridge 135

@().Y.):~-~ Intel South Bridge Chips 136

@().Y.):~-G Pentium-II, Pentium-III

North Bridge Chipset 137

@().Y.):~-? Pentium-III Chipset '={P: 138

@().Y.):~-6) Pentium-4 Chipset '=(P: 139

Motherboard 3'dt~~lt) 140

Chapter 6 Motherboard Problem

141 143

- - -------

....

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GA-8ST800 Motherboard Manual .

MS-6533E Motherboard Manual .

FEB Computer d? G(Y.)'J~:~~G§~: ~(Y)~~0:J-)8[g§~:

DDR 266 ~~ Data Transfer Rate d? oa05<tJ05§~: ..

Speed ~~GJ-)'J Memory "tP:d? 3dro:o:?:§~: .

Memory roClj>03§~: .

Power Supply roClj>03§~: .

CPU I: I: I: I:r::: I:

G(Y.)'JC:l ~G(Y.)'Jc:~~:J-)()l3c: .

VGA Card d? ~0:J-)C;§~: ..

Motherboard 3dJ-)~roClj>03§~: .

MSI P4MAM2-V Motherboard Manual .

Motherboard roClj>03§~:

143 144 144 145 147 152

155 155 156 157 157 159 160 162 162 165

Chapter 7 Static Random Access Memory

(Cache Memory) 167

486 t~ Pentium Cache 0(S'J~:<tJ05 170

Cache Memory 3dC\(C;C\(C;~ 171

Cache Memory Speed .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 172

CPU Package Size and DIE Size .. 173

@lD'J:'7-:) CPU and Cache Memory Size 175

@lD'J:'7-J CPU, Cache Memory, Bus Speed 177

CPU 0i[:§"tP: 178

Summary 181

lOa;> C\)')G)'1? ~01~Cl6')( 0)

Power Protection . .. . .... . .. . .. . . . . . . .... .. . . . . . . . . .. ... .. . . . 182

Chapter 8 Cache Memory Problem 183

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2:tC:~1 oa'i'q]llaJ'JO( ~(Y)C~~:J-)()l3C: .

Hard Disk Auto Detection .

ROM Table .

Windows Error .

184 185 187 187

........

. ~

Windows Command Prompt ..

Microsoft Windows 98 Startup Menu .

Command Prompt J? G~:~oS§6: ..

0)2:QY.):0)~ "Command Prompt" <:IGoT OY.> ..

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C\)aS~ Pentium MMX 166MHz CPU ..

~d3m3d8~@6;;o8§6:

Memory 'j0 3dG~6j1'J " .

Memory 3d61.8aJ6~§8: ..

0)d3m3d8~@6;;o8§8:

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id3m3d8~ IDE Hard Disk Auto Detection ..

Standard CMOS .

@@8~ll3d;;o~;;o~J? @~c\)~G@-:>@§8: ..

0)0(<J?3d8~@8;;o6§8:

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0)d3m3d8~ Auto Detection Hard Disk ..

Dynamic Random Access Memory .

CPU Speed .

External Cache Memory (Level-Z) ..

Cache Memory 3dC\(6C\(6y .

~:J.)6~aS .. 211

O~<:I3d8~ @6;;o6§8:

Cache Memory Disable 211

188 189

189 191

191 192 193

196 197

199 199 201 203

203 204 208 208 209

209

214 215 216

216

Chapter 9 Partition 219

System Installation 220

Boot Sequence , . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. 220

Hard Disk Auto Detection 221

Low Level Format , . .. 221

Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

4GB Hard DiskJ? Partition t~Y~:§§~: 223

1-" - High Level Format 223

DOS Copy . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224

... , xv

.;

CD-ROM Driver Install ..

Drive Letters for DOS 6.22 ..

DOS System Files .

Config.sys .

Autoexec.bat ..

Cluster .

@OY.):e-::> FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS ..

Windows OS for FAT .

FAT for Windows OS .

FAT16 ..

@OY.):e-J FAT16 Cluster Sizes .

FAT32 .

@OY.):e-~ FAT32 Cluster Sizes ..

NTFS .

@OY.):e-c; NTFS Cluster Sizes .

Partition with FAT32 .

Boot Sequence .

Microsoft Windows 98 Startup Menu .

P rtiti 0 C C' a I Ion ~'(C:OlC

Windows 98 t~ Boot Cl.(0~8 Goa.~J.)~ Drive Letter

Primary DOS Partition y8:~~: .

Set Active Partition .

Create Extended DOS Partition ..

Logical DOS Partition .

Display Partition Information .

High Level Format ..

Partition ~[§:~~ .

System Transfer ..

Delete Partition .

Extended DOS d? <-1Jch~~: ..

Delete Primary DOS Partition ..

Chapter 10 Windows 98 Installation

Windows Version .

Wo d o c C' C'

In ows~: 1tc:0j>2'1J\f) .

@OY.):::>o-::> Windows OS and Requirements .

Windows 3.1 Directory ..

Windows 95 to Windows XP Directory .

@OY.):::>o-J Windows Installation .

Upgrade Version Installation .

Full Version Installation .

Clean Installation .

Windows 98 SE Installation ..

225
225
225
226
227
227
228
228
229
229
229
229
230
230
231
231
231
232
232
235
237
238
241
241
242
242
244
245
247
247
249
..
249
250
250
251
251
252
252
253
253
253 ·

.. xvr"'

Windows 98 Installation with Boot CD 259

Windows 98 SE Folder Copy 261

Windows 98 Startup Disk@lC\:(0§~: 261

System Properties ,. .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. 262

Windows ME Installation 263

Windows Product Key 264

GC\?oo,)G>6p 3d~3d~')(J)

Monitor qj03§8:

264

Chapter 11 Video, Sound Driver Installation 265

VGA Adapter and Driver Address 267

VGA Driver Install 267

Sound Card Driver Installation 269

Sound Test 272

GC\?oo')Q)6p 3d~3d~,)(~)

DOS Command 274

_,

..

Chapter 12 Windows XP Installation

Clean Installation .

Boot Sequence .

Windows XP Installation after Win 98 Installation .

Upgrade Windows XP ..

Windows XP New Installation .

P rt t· C', W· d C' 0 C'r.:: C' 0

a a Ion 1'Q)Y1. In ows tQ)~l:coa13c: 3dCY.jJl:GCY.jJ:W:<tr:

275 275 276 282 282 284

284

-

..

Appendix

[

@OO':>: 3d8l3,: '" , 285

FEB_Repair CD

Video Files 3da3~: 286

Glossary 287

GC\?oo,)G>6p 3d~3d~')(9)

SDRAM Memory '(l:oa8:co~~~:a§~: 299

GC\? OO-:>G> 6p 3d ~ 3d ~-:>( ~)

Unit for Speed and Size 300

GC\?oo,)G>6p 3d~3d~-:>(B)

Front Panel USB

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Gcxy')~G~05 301

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e:\ACDSee v6.0.2 PowerPack (c) ACD

Systems\ACDSee 6.0 PowerPack.exe

~Sol(y)~1I

• Introduction- ..• ·3

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Drive C:, Drive D:

Drive E:\

ACDSee Installation

Acdsee Version 6 Source Address r='

CD-ROM\ACDSee v6,O,2 PowerPack (c) ACD Systems\ACDSee 6,0 Powerf-ack.exe ~~()lOJoSll

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4 ***

Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

~-9 Acdsee Setup File

~6.0

Welcome to the InstalJShield Wizcll'd for ACDSee 6,0 PowerPad::

ACDSeI! 6.0 ceorm ¥11th prevlQln veesons of ACO:.ee ~aIIed 01'1 ~ hard disk drive, tbf.I~"'ff, to minlml:e jY.It~ntlal confli.:t$, It 1$ ti>COlYlmended that you Ul'ilflSt<'lll pre-.lQIJS \'el soos of ActrSet" before proceeding WIt!" this Jl'"6I:alatlon.

rbe Inst~SIveld(R) weed wi! Mall ACD5e"6 6.0 P<:w,'E'rPack 0fl}'OlA ceroner: rc ccoonce, di.::I'Nt'4:.

WAAt'.rtNG: This progtilll'llS protf'cted by toPYlIQht law !TId ll1terl'lClt~b'eatte$.

~-~ Welcome

ueeese Agreeme.nt

PI~e read the follcw,,,ng jcense agreement (Clfel'ufty,

tEND USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

IpLEASE READ THIS LICENSE CAREFULLY BEFORE jUSING THIS SOFTWARE.

,

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;10;;. me teree of thl$ Atveeme<~. AGO gre:nl;fi': to yo;li"l a IIm!IM. M!'l.exclus.r..-e, OOf\-tr~t~ral;lle i!t_Cense, w!tho..~ r~ to wb.~nse.lo use: thio. .~o1t~are ~ accordance ""~hthi:

01 ao:ept the tel/'flS. in the license ao;Jle('Menl;

o I do not acc~~t the terms f"! tt-,p jceose agreement

~-G License Agreement

c

(ustomer Inf.onnation Ple-oasaenr:eryouriTCofl'nattM.

~~~~:.-----------------------

fEO

<- II No'"

~-? License Key (X)t2§~:

Setup Type

Choose th~ setup type that be~ ruts your needs.

GCustom

tI

Choose which p'ogramk~ores you 1OI¥It nst~ Mod ~o the." wdlbe~. RE":O!flI'IlE'I'tdedfor ~'f!lOO!'duset;!:.

~ 6.D Sltellllutg,atiDn Setup

Setw >;:M (~~ your sy$!:em 1:;) rMke ACDSee the!'kf<Wlt ~ooo fOt openifJg the ~oe Mid armve: t')lfes th-:;t t: ~[J'j(t-s.

Seil:cthol'l~l..4lsho\Jddo!terrtJn(il'l'hlchfMt~!.hWd~ ~wthACOs.e

ACD$« ~d MOOe all suppoItftd frie t)lJlle!f.

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CUNUSID

ACOSee $hwfd~ all file lYf,>e$ th-~ar1' ""'",_"'bmoh<Nl<dby_ appIIc.tItiOrt.

I)K:plays a h5! t:i file t')o'fleS iran whtch VQU t~sele(\tM-l;'f?¢$th3tsho.Jldbo!'t~ b,.ACD~.

Default Application for Opening Image

R~ady to Install the Progrittn

The ~<JI'd IS ready to beOIl'l1nst~,

If you watlt to re .... rew or change Mo/ of your If'lst~1Ol'I set:til¥}s, ~k~, Clid,CanCE'1 to ext ttre wcerd.

~-:)O Ready to install the program

Installing ACDSee 6.0 PowerPack

The: program featu"es yoU seected ee bwg IMt*d.

pease W<Ill: ~ tho! InstallsfliE;1d Wi2a,d Instal; ACl)¢'.....ee 6,0 Pow&Pad. ThrsmaytnseVetalmlnutes.

~-:):) Installation

• Introduction 5

~II 9 -9 aa~ G06.6[o? ACDSee 6.0 Power Pack File GuT aa~ Setup (yS6[~ Mouse §~ 1-~<lJa§GOll a§ulll Mouse §~ Click (J)<lJa§ GOll a§~ Installation C'?0aYx~G06.6[~ Keyboard ¥

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Organization aa~ FEB a? ~a§CDeZ~a§ul(Y)u.311

License Number 'f'J 770-148-572-460-487-541 a? ~a§CDeZ~a§ul(Y)u.311 Next GuT aa~ Click GOlla§~a§ul(Y)u.311

(Y)~Jt.m License Number, (Y)~.lm Serial Number, (Y)~.lm CD-Key ID::D~§~ ~l:~ GOlT§ul (Y)u.311

JOII ~-e aa~ File Open C'?0o?3dOll pefault C'?08C\Y): ~o? G8:~~:ulll All a? G?):(Y)')I 8:6[~ Next aa~ Click GOll a§~o~ul (Y)u.311

JJII q-oo Ready to install the program ¥ Install GuTaa~ Click GOlla§~a§ul(Y)u.311

File "lP:a? Copy Of?::l6'J:(Y)')a? G06. 6[ul (Y)u.311

q-oo aa~ CD-ROM Acdsee V6.0 ¥ File "lP:a? d:\Program Files\Acd System Folder cO a? Of?:Of(G~(Y)') §~ul (Y)u.311 Installation 07~:tJY.) ~~ Copy Of?:Of(G~(Y)')u §~ul (Y)u.311

----~-~~~------~ ..

6

***

Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

Acquire Send Create

~lmlll •• IIIII~·10FoIde,,,, f'l-M; Computer

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,', ~"-- 11 FEB_REPAIR (E:) M)' Documents

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I i :t1 F'ters ED· 'lJSort· Ell 21 I;

InstallShield Wizard Completed

"" The In~taHshield W12drd hes ,ucces5fuly -inst~!ed ACDSee 6,0 Pw,'etP&k, CllckFlI1ish to eXit the veaerd.

o Tell Me Wl'\,!;t's Newtn ACD5M6,O

y-:) J Installation Finish

You must restart your system for the configuration changes made to ACPSee 6.0 PowerPack to take effect. Click Yes to restart now or No if you plan to restart later.

No

Yes

y-:)~ Windows Restart

E.1ie ~dt yjew Create loots
~ ;~~ e p
-
Back f·.'·~·;.-_,;j Up Search ACDSee bes detected that you do not have the following software installed on your computer:

Q<JjckTime 6.0 (or later) DirectX 9.0 (or later)

For additional f,e format support, we recommend that you install these romponeni:<. Click the More Info button for more information.

I More 1010 ... 11 Close

Y-:)7 Requirement

\'0'1 can lreprove the perfOtmdnclS! of ACD5ee by C<italoging yoorimagesand~fdes, ThecatalogFiet;~ard ,~ate$thurr,bMtls,;,ndaddsim*irlformabor.tt'Jtt;e ACDSee database to reduce the amotl1t of tane- your wmputa tks to load thurtJbn.M: and file riormatlOn,

You can continue to use ACCSe.e durtnQ the t.ataloo;Jir.g process bv settoq the catWg File WR'ard to run If) the background,

To be,;un, select the f~tS you w¥tt to Co!Italog;

G~~~e~,<~b:~~~~==~Jbfokie'S, O~~:,~=;~~~r~~~=~,

Y-:)~ Catalog

sr"," Show

InT ouch Help

Shared Documents

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! ! Image BiUket

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Total? objects (0 bytes) , .:.a3'!> Floppy (A:) : 6:00:00 AW :

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I

There are no [ems to display.

y Create

y-:)G Acdsee Program

.;i ..• '. Jl)troduction

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.... hat's New in ACDSee 6.0 : ~T "1 3d"1~§~O? §lcAulll

Finish GuT oa~ ClickG<>l~ulll

::l~1I ~-o~~ You Must

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~-J? Single View

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ACD See 6.0 Acdsee 6.0 3d~:[SlY

o II Desktop GuT"1 Acdsee 6.0 GuT oa~ Mouse §~ Left Click t~<tI~G&l~ulll

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8

* * * Hardware. System, Troubleshooting

EUe g.dit 'ljew ~oom Modify 10015 tiel!:>

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1. Hardware

2. System

3. Troubleshooting

4. Glossary a? §S60100oSl1

1. Hardware

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2. CPU Part-2

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10

* * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

'I

2. System

Hardware 3dG&t:J? J3coo:~. ~::D~ System 3dG&t:J? J3coo:~.c\J 3dG~p~:

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3d0:C\(: 3dGOI r,p WO)2:::G<j\0IO)O,)II ys em r,p 3dYC:Gro:yc: OIOCOIO)O,)II C]c:or.r,p

1. Partition

2. Windows 98 Installation

3. VGA Card and Sound Card Driver Installation

4. Windows XP Installation d? §~§olO)oSil

3. Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting ()")0 aa~t?jllO':l0~lg)t§t: 3d0)a502:::00l II aa~<iJllO':l0~CD0qt O)~~~fJ Goy? aa~t?jllO':l0<iJa5S:~ §lqr,polll Hardware g)::DJ'1'0CD0:1 System g)::DJ<j\0CD0: §§-:::>:o?

C' C' 0 r,:r,: ') C' 0 r,;C' H d . 0 Q

4>2::::ro8:GoaCY:jl G::DG::D'\P'\P G~lSCX),):O'o)o')" 3dGCD3d0:es: ar ware CY:jl e:oo:Go:

coo:olO)oS" Tooubleshooting 3d6l~:~:6l~: olotolO)oS"

C' 0

C]c:or.r,p ..•

1. CPU Problem

2. Motherboard Problem

3. Cache Memory Problem d? §~§olO)oSil

CPU~. Motherboard d?()")0 Hardware y8:J?t6p ~::DJ<j\0~: §~olO)oSil Computerd?8:()")0 8§6l00 Hang§~60lO)oS" Hang§~o?3d6ll ::noSo~~:G§~ §~::Dc\J~0':I0 )l0GgqO':l0 3d6la5@<i(:ol II Windows 98 80)a5o? g)::DJ<j\0()")0 Hardware G&~CD0:1 System G§~CD0:J?O':I0 Cache Memory Problem "fJ OY.)~a5p ~OGrr.tP~. 3d@~3d~ G~@coo:olO)oSil

3d6l~:G6llt:Q)20)~CP3dG<j\~. 80lotG::D;ro~: Memory, Hard Disk, ROM BIOS, VGA Card, CMOS Setup d?3dG&t:d? <j\0:ro~G3d0t )It:@OY.):olO)oS"

Chapter 1 Overview of Computer 3d6l~:"fJ Hardware Device ~:3dG&t:~.

Port ~:I I/O Connector ~:3dG&t:d?~~crS;;:oa5 G~g)coo:olO)oSil

c,,~ " .',,;,~i Introduction 11

.~. .

4. Glossary

Memory Size and Unit

Casing 3dD6~:oo"{J Central Processing Unit(CPU), Motherboard, Memory, Hard

Do k 0, r:::: D ° '1 ceo c, '1 StU °t cor,;: C' '1 c , Q

IS CYjl,'i',3d~: evice GD6GUIC:IDU0:(O)O?3d6>1 ys em m qU)0:(. ~1DC\Y.lUlcnu)1I 3?3

DOC C Q, C c, coS d 0 'T' '1 c S d' U °t H

eVlce cnIDY<tJC:lDq. 3d0:(u0:(uO?H:or pee 0:(. G6>1 oicocou pee q. ru (f.Y.) z

§&iul cnoS II

M 0 CPU ceo C ,..,'1. c, D t 0 Q ,,0 C '1 C

emory:;-qO'Y) 3d0:(u0:(u<tJ'i'''{J '-y3duO? a a GD60r OYJU) :D~:CXY:l:GU:Ulcnu)1I

Hard Disk o)GC1Y? Permenent Storage 3d@(])~:~~2::0r3~. G6>T@: Windows~. Program Files 3d0:~:(f.Y.) Hard Disk oo"{J ~ulcnoSll Memory Size~. Gr.0@o? Device 3d0:~:~, Unit lJY.) Bytes(B) §~ul(])oSll Speed d? Hz~. Gr.0@@:1 Memory Capacity ~.~U?~ Memory Size d? Byte ~.:D,) Gr.0@ulcnoSll Byte d? B~. Gq:o?3d6>l B 3dB:d?:D,) ~:qulcnoSll

M DOC C' r,;: C 0 C 0 C M SO" Q M

emory evrce cnIDyOdC 3d~:3d0:~9 :DtCI:co'):tCG:D') emory Ize'i'. 3?3 emory

~~ 3d0:(80:(85t~: Speed d?ulJ3CXY:l:qultCIoSll 2utCI'J ..... DRAM Memory ~~ Size:D~ 128MB ulo~4~@:' <;~: Memory ~~ Speed:D~ 100MHz 1D:D~§9 Size~. Speed t~~&:ID~:

o C' 0 C '1 C' M H d DO k 0 0 C 0 C , ~ ,

:DCXY:l:qc <.(GO)')C:UI(])U)II emory, ar IS CYjl,lJY.) ::J..{GC\jl')CtcO? UtCl'JClDo) 3dGq:C3:O?

C So 0 r,;: coo 0 C '1 C CPU 0 C r- ceo 0 ,

3dOdO) ize orGC1Y? ~~ID~G'i' :D<J? C\jl3dUUlcnU)1I :;-qqc 3d~'i'H:or 3dGo)CO,):O?

C S d c: U it 0 0 0 0 '1 C

3dOdO) pee <811 m or :Dco'):<J? 0:(01 (])U) II

8bit = 1 Bytes

1 Byte = 1Character

2Bytes = 1 Word

1024B = 1KB =

1024KB = 1MB =

1024MB = 1GB =

1024GB = 1 TB =

B=Bytes

K=Kilo Bytes

M=Mega Bytes

G=Giga Bytes

T=Tera Bytes

1Byte lJY.) 1 Character s, ~~ulcnoSll 8bit lJY.) 1Byte~, ~~ulcnoSll bit J?O'Y)

1,024 B =

1,048,576 B =

1,073,741,824 B =

1,099,511,627,776 B =

12 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

Binary Number G06~. 3dG:).):co5;;q: Unit 0')~~u1I1bit 0')~~lJY.) on, off ~.IdU(~ 0,1

a a c ~ ') c

Of:)')0 Of OJ 00: t3lo I 0') OJ II

Binary CDcf~cq 3d~:~lo?3d06cA "2" o? 3dG§~@: Power 0')~cxy:>:0')0u111 3J G&~ Kilo ~o? 0')~~:lJY.) 2 Power 10 §~o?3daacA 1024 ~.:)')0 ~~u10')o5lI Binary CDcf~'P 0,1

c a ') , c 2 a B c ') c D . I c "0" "9" 0

tlD~IJl::)')0 o'O?3d06OJ Of ase C\f0CXY:>:01 0') OJ II ecnna CDcflD'PG<J.>? OJGcf 3d CO

a -, c t'. a r::: • , c "10" a B c '1 D . It',

~O? OClDcf: Q"OOJC\f:Of 3dG~QCXY:>:O?3d06OJ Of ase C\fUCXY:>:0')00111 ecima IDcflDcf.

3d~:~l61.~ Kilo cq 10 Power 3 §~o?3d06cA 1000~. GQT ~u10')o5lI

DecimallDcf~'P3d~:~l61.~ One Million=l,OOO,OOO One Billion=l,OOO,OOO,OOO

One Trillion = 1,000,000,000,000 070 S~6010')o5lI

aa~l(Ill0')0 O')~~:'P Memory 128MB oIO')o5~. ~Q"O~cAulI1128MB cq Kilo~.

aa@: G<0~"?]~61.~ 1024~. G~cAGo:61.010')o5lI 131072KB 61.010')0511 128MB=128 X 1024KB=131072KB

256MB=256 X 1024KB=262144KB

aa~l(Ill0')0 ~~CD Memory cq Test C\:(6Gcfo?3dQ1 'P Memory Size cq G<0~CXY:>:ol 0')05 II 128MB cq Kilo~. G<0~CXY:>:61.~ 131072KB §~@:I 256MB cq Kilo~. G<0@61.~ 262144KB

r,:t' a '1 c

~CD0')0Of G0(s'61.011d0J1l

Memory, Hard Disk d?A. Unit lJY.) Bytes~. G<0~@:1 oClD~:O')~~:@:~:o?3d06cA Kilo, Mega, Giga d?~. aa@: GQT 61.0')00111 ~Gc\y')cA~61.~ Memory 3d06cA 3d~:~lo? Unit cq J3 GC\Y.)cA 01 @ II

Speed and Unit

Speed ~0')0 Device O')~~q. C\f8GQ"00~~Co?3d§,h~:o? GQT O')0u111 Speed G06q.

Unit'P MHz (106Hz)~. G<0~0')0~:olO')o5lI Hertz ~0')0 Cycle/s cq G@-:>0')00111 1Hz ~61.c O')~CD<J?~.'P Cycle 0')~~~0:0')0cq G@-:>0')00111~.G:)')~ System Unit 3d06~:~ Device

• <: c c c t'~ c '1 c c c C I '1 c a c

3d0:C\:(:~1 3dC\:(UC\:(u*cf!lJY.) 3doacf~cfU'O')OJIl O')IDID<J?cf.'P yc e GUIC: ~:ifr->Of arO')Gu:

a c '1 c ,Q CIt' a a a c CPU Instruct! c a c c a c '1 c

tCU10')OJil 3?3 yc e 0')1D~0f 61.~"?]cf'P lJY.) ns ruc Ion 0')1D~0f C\fOGQ"00CtCOIO')OJII

1MHz ~61.~ O')~ID<J?~.'P Cycle Go1~: 1Mega ~o?3d06cA Instruction C\:(8GQ"00~~Go1~:

1M ~ co c c c o c a ~ ') S d M a. c M

ega "1' O')IDCD<J?cf.'P O6OJ"?]OJtCO')0Of G~0')00111 pee 'P ega Of J.:?:CXY:>:61.c ega

lJY.) (10 Power 6=106)0')~:).)~:cq cqo500:~lu10')o5lI 2u~ .... 166MHz ~61.~ ::>GG:).)~:cq ~~0')0u111 ~§~61.~G<J.>? Giga Hz ~. G<0~olO')o5lI Speed ~~ Unit:).)~ Hertz(Hz)oll1

1 k c M G' a c a a c a c c a a '1 c

3. Gt:::r-'~ ega, Iga a;:.lJY.) 0')1~: J.:?1dU(0') OJ1:0ClD1: C\:(. CX?61.0IIClOJIl

Speed 3dG1~. G<0~o?3dQ1

1MHz= 106Hz= l,OOO,OOOHz 1GHz=106Hz=l,OOO,OOO,OOOHz

· •. ~,.Introduction·

'<". .. ......... : ..

Speed= l/Time Time= l/Speed Speed=166MHz

Time=1/166MHz =1/(166 X 106)

=0.006/106

=0.006 X 10-6

=0.006I-1s

1-1 = 10-6 (1-1 o? Micro 9.GOlTolo:lOSII)

M" 0 N r,; C' C' C' ... r,; C' '1 c

icro If( ano G~c:~cEi)_c JOo04'. G6r-'mGo:Ei)_0IO)WII

=0.006 X 1000 ns (n=nano)

=6.000 ns

1 I c 6 r;:::: 0(' Itt" c 0 c ('0(' '1 e

eye e 3dOCSm ns ~~4''P ns rue Ion 0)1D?1f( C\(0GQJ')CtC010)OOII

3dmoS~ CPU Speed co 166MHz §S@:I Memory Speed 60ns ~GJ-)') Memory ~) Speed o? ~')~~ st~

Time =60ns

Speed = 1eycle/Time

= 1eycle/60ns =leycle/(60 X 1O-9s) =(1 X 109 eycle)/60s =(103 X 106eyele/60s =(1000 X 106cycle)/60s =16.6 MHz

1Hz J-)~ 1eyc!e/s~. ~fiJolO)oSll 1Mega=106

1000 o? 60~. 1D0:905Ei)_~ 16.6 Ei)_olO)oSII106J-)~ 1Mega~. ~fiJ0lO)oSll

3J G6'='~ 3dco~ol Memory Speed J-)~ o)~IDCJ5>~.OCS~ Instruction Gol t: JG.GJ-)~:

C' C'O C' '1 c

0?OGQJ,)C~COlo)OOIl

o?G&~ 3dco~ul CPU 166MHz~. Memory 16.6 MHz 07.J-)~ Pentium Computer OCS~ 02(9~0?5GQO')tGJ-)') u~~:~:§~~ CPU Speed J-)~ Memory Speed co~

14

* * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting ..

[

[ ~ [

~

•

Chapter 1 • Overview of Computer 15

.:, .. ,

HardlVare ,."

Syste'lll : :.",u" Troubleshooting

Chapter 1

Overview of Computer

Computer3d~l:3doy'): tS~l:~olmo5l1 mS~l:O) IBM Cornputer s, G",')chmS~l:O) Apple Computer a? §S6olmo5l1 IBM d? Go:rSGo:rS"tP!"tP! 3d~:@l 6~: 1 Apple d?GO?? Design, Editing G", bpG061f'J 3d~:§l CJ)') '=tfJ:ol mo5l1 IBM Computer G06a? G",')choo6 tS~l:

'h 0 c: '1 c: c 0

§l3'J: tC01m()')1I <;c:o(.If'J .

1. IBM

2. IBM Compatible ~~: tS~l:~olmo5l1 IBM ~CJ)') oooBox?!aa~<.(JllCJ)')CX(03C\(8~o? Company §S~:I IBM Computer 3d<DSGoaa? G@0CJ)')olll IBM Computer

o c c c 0 c h c 0 IBM C

3dO(c:C\(0GQ:)')CtcO? 3dl3'J:aa"'<.(JllCJ)')G0607 om-

patible o? G@Tolmo5ll IBM Compatible Goad? G",')choo6

c 0 ('r;:( 'h 0(' '1 ('

t<D~l:ooO~! §l3'J:tC01m()')1I

1. IBM Branded Computer

2. IBM Clone a? §S6olmo5ll

)

.~::": :

,,, ,

16 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

oot~:o? Branded Computer GeJdffiGaY? Compaq, HP, Toshiba, Epson, Zenith, Ast, Dell o?.[g~§

~J-J Compaq Branded Computer

') c C c ~.... CJ<. c • ') HP . 0 ~... P" t 0 c

U I coco II ompaq ffiGaY? 1'JB~ 3dC3:~:9'. C\jl~lffi3d'=?P:OI:(:UI II O)oou1. nn er OI:(~c

Computer ~:~ J)l GO~Ga:YS'=lP:'=?P: J3§u l 0)05 II HP co Branded Computer Goae0 cx(~C\f0ulO)uSil Compaq, HP, Dell, Toshiba, NEC 07. ffiGaY? Laptop Computer Goa'? f'JB~E3:ulO)uSil

Clone Computer

Clone Computer GoaffiGaY? Branded Computer GeJd~ ~:~:mdS0 0)0oot

r:::~ 0... c ~ 0 ')~ c c c ... C t 0 'T' ') c c 0

CO'J:BC:B~:::D 3dOOCGe::D0.i_l GU I C:o)Uo)UOOCCO'J:O? ompu er GeJdO( GOlI O)'JU III aaJ1GO)'J0(.

3d'=?P:~: 3d~:§lG1O)'J IBM Clone Computer GeJdulll

CD-·,,"ooii._ ..

DVD-ROM

. Power i Supply ~ :"l

;~ Motherboard .~

l

. K. Front '!

USB Port of

~

~ r---~._ - -~ . ~

". D. Keyfjo~ -.,_~~ •• F.c: u • ..;~.~_.~. ~.,~_o.,.;di

~J- J Tower Casing and Desktop Casing

E

o

7.

1. Monitor

Monitor 9Cf)0 System Unit ry 3d~8~8J.)~J} aa~ttJILCf)0~:~J.j( §~G0~. @qo?

Display Unit m~?oG~o~moSll 2 o {,}Joo ... Monitor UX) 1V ~. 3dG§@3d~8~8y Oi?o~moSll VCD 0aSry co~J.)~ CD3dG§3d'J:o.?:J} 1V OJ @Go:qolmoSll Video @0~()'Y.):6~moS9q~

C' C', C' C'", C' • 0 1V 'T' r,: C' r,,: C' 1 C' VCD

::J.J6(l0Goo')cO? 0C:J.)'):1 0c:J.)0:G06q. C)(0~,):~3d'J:~:CY( GOI'<j0 t3cq'<j0 ~001mOJIl

C' K k" C' 0 r,: C' C' 0 C' '1V K k" C' ''T' 1

0OJ'<j0 arao e J.)<lIC:G§cy( GtrC:co~~OJCf)0~. '<j0 arao e J.)<lIc:G060 GOI (\)')'<j00111

1 ~ C' 1V C' VCD C' 0 0 r,: • , C' C' 1 C' 0 M"t -,

3.1Gt:3J~ J.)2:: 00Jry «.J.)~CY( 8J.)G~\l0 3d~O~oolmOJIl ext.3dOi? om or OJ(\)

S t Umt 0 0 C' • C'r,: 1 C' Svstem Unit C' C', C' C' C'

ys em rn OJ «.J.)~CY( (\)OJOlG<.908Go:0ImOJII ys em ru 3d~0~00? ~oc~:02G06'<j0

Monitor UX) o.?:o00lo~ol~:11 3JG&~ 1V ~. Monitor o?UX) 3d~8~0y 3d6~:<tIc: o;(~olmoSll 1V OJ VCD 0dJry y.Go:J.)~~ @J.)Go:G~J.)c11 Monitor OJcD System Unit ry

C' C' rR 0 'D t 0 C' r,: • C' C' -, C' C' 1 C' 1 ~ C' M "t

O6OJ<lIOJ~: Cf.GO:O? a a G06cy( G<.9086(1J.)OJJ.)OJO 3d~O~oolmOJIl 3IGt:3J~ om or

C' C' C' F"I C' C' D t 0 ~ C' 00 C' 1 C'

3d06C:'<j0 02::J.)~ I el 82::J.)~ a a ~ 0~G~C: J.)~colmo)lI

Monitor Power 0~~cD System Unit OJ 3d~8~8G~olmoSll 3JG§~ Monitor 9Cf)0 Information GO:~J.)aSJ.)aSJ}o 3d~0~00lmoSll m~l0dJG06OJ Monitor Data Cable r;::g 0 C' C' 0 C' 1 C' 0 C' 0 C' M "t D t C bl r;::g 0 0 C' e:;L: ext:co'):ry 3d~O~O~colmo)lI m<llL.0OJG06Ol:(qc ani or a a a et:3L: ext:<f.GCf)0C

0c1oJ System Unit OJ 3d~0~8~~olmoSll 486 GOl~OJ Novell Server G069q~ Monitor

o C' C' h C' 0 1 Q C' 0 C' M"t D" I Unit C'r,: • C' C' 0

CY( moooccoo:15c: 0~01Jj(:1I 3G(\),)OJOl:(qC omtor o-o ISP ay ru G<.9086(1J.)OJJ.)OJOl:(O)')

§cG(\)')dJol~1I Monitor J? Output Device c1.GOlTOlmoSII

qo- J A 06c Liquit Crystal Display(LCD) 15 Inch Philip Monitor J}G06.qOl0oS II Monitor 06c Cathode Ray Tube Monitor (CRT) ~. Liquit Crystal Display (LCD) l1j(~

C' 0 0 1 C' CRT C'''. 0 • r,: r,,: C' rR R d" t" C' C' C'

f-0'=t1L:~0Imo)ll ~:J.)2:: 8:~:CY( 3d::At:8lqJ.)~~ 3d)?~:8:' a la Ion extmc:gm~(\)2:::

~:olmoSll 3d~:[~i~~§X\)')Cf)0~.3d~ '=tIaSgG~~:c\y)OJ') §51~3d~:0§ltCGOIl LCD Monitor ~:OJGcyy? 3d~:§lJ.j(3d06aS '=tIdJgG3d:G0~ §~~3d~:@lt~olmoSll LCD ~:J.)~ OJG(\):coS

C' C' C' 1 C'

~:3d06OJ 3dOi(:J.)~GO)')Olmo)lI

~r

2. Keyboard and Mouse

qo- J D 06c Keyboard s, qo- J E~· Mouse OJGcyy? Data =>-ac:Go:o? 3dyc:G06olll

L:

,·18 .. * * * Hardware, System; Troubleshooting e . ,.

S t U 't c <:0 <:0 0 c c 0 K b d" M c c c c 'I c

ys em rn 3dC\?OC\?OtC\f. «c:G~C(lmG030? ey oar~. ouse 'joo~o:oc;:co~J.3C:6[OI OO()')II

3JG§~ Kevboard s, Mouse ~ Input Device~. GOlToloo0511

System Unit mGoy? Computer q. 3dG"l:8:~: 3dSoS3dy8:0 ~~oloo0511 ~o- J B 038 Tower System Unit ~. ~o- J C 038 IBM Desktop System Unit J? GD6,6[ol",0511 Tower Casing ~:J..)~ G318~~3dG~3dcoo:~8:' Desktop Casing ~:J..)~ OY.l:~GoT 038 ~C\:(j~ 3dG~3dcoo:~. ~oloo0511 Tower~. Desktop (J)0 yJ..)'2I?~J?J..)'J ~~§8:~S8:' Computer q. Model 3d~L:3dOY.l:~. Speed ~§~*~:d? J?05OY.l:"'@loll1 Desktop Casing G03(J)0

U d c c c <:" om 1i C' c c

pgra e C\(oGp'j'J 3d~~:c()') 3dOlm3dOl ~8:' ower asmq G03mGoy? G~Gp<Y.{J()')o~:Goy?

fi@t6[O)'J Y8: 3do:o8G@01oo0511 3d~:3d'J:~~ Desktop Computer ~:03t 3d~:~: CDROM Drive 1-~yl Hard Disk1-~O:C:J..)'J 3d~:@Lt801oo0511 0)~lL. Desktop ~:038 CD-ROM,

H d D' k 0 0 c c c '1 -, 0 c • ~ IR c c c c 0 0 ar IS 0(.0? o(?~~llO)'J 0().)<1{~2m OIC\XlC"(3dO?C:J..)'J 3dJ.?:8l6[tg: G¥,mcoo 3dJ..)~cooO(:C\(.

"'6[0111

System Unit (J)0 Computer OO~?9:q. 08"'03~C(I~Go:o? Unit 0 ~Q)010)0511

00 • ~ "F'I Q c c r;;, c c c • StU 't

",g3d~:8lG~0? I es G031 {).)'J().)'jo)~C1DG031 3d~o)"':'jo)~C1DG03 3d'J:C\(:(J)0 ys em nl

3d038:'j'J ~010)0511 3JG§~ Computer qj~8~"l8 System Unit 3d038:000)0 qj~O)'J

'1 c StU 't c 0 c 1 0 '1 c '1 c "Q 1 0

~:010)()')1I ys em ru 3d03C:'j'J 3dQmo~~:c :~l:J..)'J OIOCOIOO()')1I 3d3 C :'ill:mGOY? .....

3. System Unit ®~ 3d~m 3dSd33d~~:~:

1. Motherboard

2. Floppy Drive

3, Hard Disk and CD-ROM 4. Expansion Cards

5, Power Supply o?~SolO)oSlI

Motherboard mGoy? System Unit q. 3dG6[:8:~:3dSoS3dy8:0111 Circuit Go18:

G~~~:~I Chip Go18:G~~~:~~. Motherboard J? <&~~:coo:O)'Jo11I oo<tJ~m Main Board 9.ro G OlT[_3 01 0) oS II Computer C\(8c~:~2 3d'J:9:(J')'J Motherboard GoT'j'J 3dG§@oloooSll Motherboard (J)0 System Unit 'j'J 3dG6[:3d@:~: @~J..)~ 3dC\(83d~:~:

C\(8G~"lO)'J011I Motherboard ~ 3dc;§e[9: 01j,d? Device c;oa~ c;a:~05oocSoo6

'1 r,;:c:" c c:" c c '1 M th b d 0 r,;:c: 0 c OC:

'lO'Y.)OIIl 3d~:3d'J:~C;:C\) ~mO)O)O? O~~:OO~yOIIl 0 er oar 'j'J 3dQm3d'J:~C;: 3d~o)3dyC:

(e)y8: 0108010)0511

Motherboard 13')') 3d8m 3dSoS3dy8:~:'j'J .......

1, Central Processing Unit

2. Floating Point Unit

3. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

4. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

5, Read Only Memory

6. CMOS Memory/ CMOS Battery

7. Expansion Slots

8. Super I/O Chip

9. Chipset(North and South Bridges) o? ~~6010)0511

=~=-=-

Chapter 1····. .• Overview of Computer 19

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Motherboard 6\.3dgOJ3dGq:@3:oq :O~~ :tJ)'J CPU 0111 CPU tJ)'J Computer

c: ., 0 C' C' 'U't C' ., C t <::. 0 0 C t I

~~'t'C\(:q.3dGOJG~c:tCGo:cy? m 0')1D't'011l ompu er 0')1D't'c\(:0( JjlOJ 3dGOJ on ro

C' ., c C t C'. , 0 c C' • 0 C' C' ., c CPU

:-~OGO:OIO')o)lI ompu er O')ID't'C\(:q. 't'C:GID<yJOJ 3d'J:C\(:0( JjlOJaaOJ <yJOJGo:o I 0')0) II

~~q~§~::>.J~ Computer 0')&;'t'9: §~c\X)()lO')c0l1 CPU tJ)'J Brain of Computer 13&;::>.J~ Heart of PC ~.cOG@T6010')c0l1 CPU O')&;'t' 3dG~8:G~~oS~q8 Model~. Speed d?aa~: ~q010')c0l1

20~"'" Pentium-166MHz, PII-233MHz, PIII-667MHz, P4-2.4GHz 07.13&;01 O')c0l1 Penitum OJ Model ~&;~: 166M Hz OJ Speed 13&;01 O')c0 II Pentium, PII, PIlI, P407.tJ)'J Model Name Gaa011l 166MHz, 233MHz, 667MHz, 2.4GHz o?OJGO')? Speed GaaU

c C'., C' e C' ~ c ,oS t U't ' e

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Computer 3d~l:3doo: J3<yJ8rs~q~ Motherboard GoT¥ CPU d? Goa.G3d'J~w011l 31Go~ CPU tJ)'J (Heat) 3d~CXj>~~~~~:o?3daaoS c,l:3dGoT ~ (Heat Sink) 3d~il(0~:~. CPU Cooling Fan 0')0OJ'J:q01 0') oS II 3JG~~ CPU tJ)'J Cooling Fan~. aac0G~q8 CPU 3d'lll:

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Pentium-4 Celeron mPGA 478, LGA 775 ~:)-~ Pentium-42.8GHz

with Socket mPGA 478 31G~~ 3dOJoS01 @(j)'J:d? 6~rli Socket 3d~l:

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G::>.J'J Pentium 4- 2.8GHz d? Goa. q~olll <18 :01 08 G::>.J'J

@0Y:l::)-:) CPU and Socket

CPU

Connectors

Pentium-II

Siot-l, PGA 370

Pentium- III

FC-PGA 370

Pentium 4

20 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

Hard Disk

Hard Disk, Floppy, CD-ROM o?~ (Permenent Storage Device) 3d~0)~: 'jd>~ob ~. GOlTolcy)~1I Hard DiskO'Y)cD 3dG6).:8:GJ)')

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System Unit co cr: Floppy Drive

Floppy Drive

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20~"'''oco~ Hard Disk J,)~ Seagate 40GB Partition m t~y8:, CD-ROM Sony DVD 07. 3d~:@lCO'J:GJ,)') Computer cOa? G~')a5co8 Partition oo~?oo~: ~GJ,)') Hitachi

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D· L e e e

rive etter OJ 00 'i 00 ~o::> ~'J:

Hitachi 80GB ~~:61~

Sea gate 40GB Drive C: ( Primary Partition) Drive D: ( Logical Partition) Drive E:

Sony DVD

Hitachi Hard Disk 80 GB co~@:G'pcA

Seagate 40GB Drive C: (Primary Partition)

Seagate 40GB Drive E: (Logical Partition §~~ Primary

3n:o?:~~ G~')a5'j'J~1 3d'lcm Drive D:)

Hitachi 80GB Drive D: (Physical a?2:0'J:Go:~ Logical &1~ G~.mG~a5)

Sony DVD Drive F: (3d@00~: G~')a5~:m Drive Letter)

~co~ol Drive Letter Assign XJcfJ'fcfJ~cAXJ~ DOS 6.22 'f Windows

22 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

C. 32bit VESA VGA Card

F.ISA 16bit Sound Card G.16bit ISA

B. CMOS Battery

A. Serial Keyboard DIN Connector

I. 486DX2-66MHz K. 16bit ISA Super itO Card

J. 32bit VESA Slot{Brown)

L. DIP External Cache Memory X 9

Y J-G 486DX2-66MHz VESA Motherboard

Chapter 1'. Overview of Computer'!', '23'''·,

P.1e cx3 :).)03'j03<"iJ~0111 Drive Letter Assign co 03 '103 'P0'66 Physical Hard Disk ?J:m) Primary Partition "tr:o? 2:GY.>:Go:(g:, Logical "tr:1 d?G'0~ CD-ROM

D· L tt ceo C 1 C W· d XP 0 C C C

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::;;;;G@-:>t:~ro ~olO')~1I Windows XP O'6toCX)~ Hard Disk ~ Drive Letter

o C 0 H d D· k D· L tt C c.: ceo C C C

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1 C •• 0 C CD ROM L tt C • 0 C 1 C

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Hitachi 80GB 807:@8

Seagate 40GB Drive C: (Primary Partition) Drive D: (Logical Partition) Drive E:

Sony DVD

Hitachi Hard Disk 80 GB oo~@:G;,)~

Seagate 40GB Drive C: (Primary Partition) Drive D (Logical Partition) Drive E: (Primary Partition)

Drive F: (3d@en0: G;')~~:m Drive Letter)

Hitachi 80GB Sony DVD

Expansion Cards

Expansion Card 3dG§8:8G@':>@8 Motherboard 3dG§~:o? oo00G@':>018oSll ~o-G CY6~ 486 Motherboard q Go(s''Po11I Motherboard ~~ ~')J)~ 3d GoT GCX)')~o? 6~011l ~o-G A JJ~ 3d;~Gbp8 Keyboard Port §~olenoSll S~: Keyboard Port IJ)') Motherboard ooSQ)2men~:m Motherboard ~.aaOiJ~(Fix) yGJJen~@len~: 01C\Y.)§~: §~01 enoS II DIN Connector e'[ G@To1enoSll Serial Keyboard Port G@l ~:3dE3:0~ §~01 enoS II S8: Serial Keyboard DIN Connector G@18:3d~:01GJJ') Motherboard ~p:~ AT Motherboard '=fP:0? G@To1enoSll

Motherboard GoT~ 3d;~Gbpq. 3d~lGbp~ Slots '=fP:JJ~ Expansion Slots '=fP:o~ §~olenoSll ~o-G G JJ~ ISA 16 bit 3d;~Gbp8 Slot §~olenoSll ~o-G J JJ~ 3d~lGbp8 Slot 32bit VESA §~olenoSll S~: Expansion Slots '=fP:JJ~ Motherboard ~. 3d~: Device '=fP: ;;o~~oSGo:bp (\)0:G§8:'=fP:' Interface Slots'=fP:08 §~olenoSll S~: Slots'=fP:GoTCY6~

o C C' CdC' E . CdC' c.:C' 1 C'

il(moo~6[GJJ') ar s '=fP:JJ~ xpansion ar S '=fP:oc ~Q)oleno)ll

Cornputer ,» Data ~~:GO:~. Keyboard Porto:» Motherboard GoT'P 01C\Y.)G08o?l <'-lJ~ Hard Disk, Floppy Drive, Monitor 3dCY6~ Video Port 07.1J)') Motherboard GoT 'P 01 8C\Y.)01 8f(: II 3JG§~ ~~ Device GCY6~:~. Expansion Card t~y 3d;~:~: ~3d001enoSll

o c.:C' 0 C' E . CdC'

8~8~Q)C\f3dOGJJ') xpansion ar s '=fP:3d;m

1. VGA Card

2. Super I/O Card 07.1J)') 8~8§~ 3d8m~3d001enoSll

A.

.-:-tAGP 2X AGP4,

24 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

~:)-? Geforce MX4000 with TV Out AGP VGA Card 1. VGA Card

Computer 0')~c:\?:066 VGA Card O')~'PGO'Y? o.?0l 0')03 II VGA Card CJY) CPU '<j Processing 06aS<tI05~:e? 3d<ij053dro05G06o? Monitor "p Display 3dG'ft. @~6~. Video Data o? Y.Go:olO')o3lI VGA Card "p VGA Port CJY) 15 Pin Female 3 Column ~olO')o3lI Female ~(Y)') 3dGoloSOJGro:G06o? G@0(Y)')olll 15 Pin ~G<y'>? (J~)Gol 050111 3 Column ~(Y)') 3dO')~:~:O')~:ol(Y)')o? G@0(Y)')1I 15 Pin Female 3 Column ~G<y'>? 3dO')~:~:O')~:t. 3dGolaS(J~) GolaSol(Y)')o? G@0(Y)')olll VGAPort ole? Cardo? VGACardo.? GClTolO')o3lI

qO-7 A 066 15 Pin Female 3 Column VGA Port o? G06.6["P ~~olO')o3lI O')~y::))(i5~L6[~'P 0')&(1 Monitor VGA Cable GCl16:'={P:066 15 Pin 3d~~801 GOII Monitor 068 0'::>8 GoT d) Computer <ijaSG::D03dCll '={P:068 Monitor Cable GCl18:cf? @LciS6aG::D03dCll Pin

c c 0 1 Q P' 0 "~M"t c :n:: c

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VGA Card '=ijJ:<ij056[6 Monitor~. Video Data Y.06ciS~8:8~~8GO'Y?~ Monitor 066 Display 80)01 0'::>8GoT~8G<y'>?011l "No Display" ~(Y)') Monitor"P 0'::>8GoT lY( ~~(Y)')olll d?3d~~068 Motherboard GoT~ ROMBIOS "P Power on Self-test (POST) cf? ot0O'J0

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Chapterj'. /' Overvlewot Computer;''',,25

2. Super I/O Card

286 mO)~: G,y)(~y~: Computer Gaa~ Super I/O Card d2 O)mt3d~:@lC\Y.)6ul moSll Super I/O ~GuT @~m Expansion Card m~'r~ Controller m~<tjt::)')0ulo~ul moSll 3J Grg:,~ XT Computer Gaa~ Expansion Card 3d<tP:8:d? Goa.,Q0')0ulll ~~moS4Jl:<tl~:ulo? Expansion Card Goad? Integrated or0OYJ Super I/O Card cO co~~~:~ulmoSll

3JG§~ Super I/O Card.eo Port(7)~Jl:'_~ Controller(J)~&: il(il(Gul~: Controller (G)~l: ul otul moS II Super I/O Card d? 286, 386, 486 Goa~ 3d~:<tP:ul moS II 3d'rG,p~y8:

PCI Motherboard Goa~ Super I/O Card oom (G)~l:O)~:d? Motherboard cO"{J Onboard 3dG~~. Super 1/0 Chip d? co~~~: m~G;;x:Y.)~C\Y.)ulmoSll 3JGrg:,9 Super I/O Card ~9Goy?ulJj1:" I/O ~0')0 Input/Output 3d~~:' 3dCX(d>d? G~0')0ul"

Controller (G)~jH. 03~:0 u~~:Goa~ Hard Disk, Floppy, Printer, Joystick,

Mouse~. Modem a?§oSulmoSII Controller (G)~lJt:d? G3d005oa~G<0@C00:ulm0511

1. IDE Hard Disk Controller (Pin-40)

2. Floppy Drive Controller (Pin-34)

3. Parallel Port 1 for Printer Controller(25 Pin Female)

4. Parallel Port 2 for Joystick Controller(15 Pin Female)

5. Serial Pop: 1 for Mouse Controller(9 Pin Male)

6. Serial Port 2 for Modem Controller(25 Pin Male) a?§oS6u1m05II

~o-~ A oa~ IDE Controller d? 6~ulll il(il(Gul~: Pin-40 ~@:, Pin 20 toSm~: 3oSulmoS" Hard Disk~. CD-ROM toS~:cx3 3d~:@l~8ulmoSll ~o-~ B oa~ 34 Pin Floppy Drive Controller d? Goa.,"lul~oSll Floppy Drive Controller lJY) 34 Pin ~Goy? 17 Pin :J)m~:ulo8@: Drive (J)'rcx3 3d~:@l~8ulm0511 Super I/O Card GuT "i ~~ Floppy~. Hard Disk Controller (J)~9:lJY) Casing~. 3d0'6~:oo~ ~u\moS\I

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Parallel Port, Game Port, Serial Port Goad? DB Connector c'[ G@TulmoS" ~o-" C oat Parallel Port-1 lJY) 25 Pin Female 2 Column §oSulmoS" 3dGul03 'J~)Gul05~[§:, 3dm~:(J)m~:d? ~~0')0ul" 3d<tP:3d0:§~ Printer, Scanner Goa 3d~:§lulmoSll Parallel Port-1 d? LPT-1 ~.c0 G@TulmoS"

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ft,

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Pin Male Connector

~O-f) D 06t Parallel Port-2 mGClY? 15 Pin Female 2 Column §~~. 3dGola'5 J~Gola'501@:, 3dm~:mGClY? (J)m~:§~olmoS" GamesmllY):E>(->1P 3d~:@lo? JoystickJ? Parallel Port-2 'P m0@Ot 3d~:@lolmoS"

~ O-f) E 06t Serial Port-l mGClY? 9 Pin Male §S~. Pin 3dG<tPt: (e)G<wt:01@:t 3dm~:mGClY? (J)m~:ololmoSli 3d~:3d':):§~ Serial Mouse ~. Up to Date 9 Pin Modem ~: 3d~:@lCJY:)~:olmoS" Serial Port-l J? COM-l ~.cD G@Tolc:->oS"

qO-f) F 066 Serial Port-2 mGClY? 25 Pin Male §~~. Pin 3dG<wt: J~G'Wt:1

3dm~:(J)m~: §SolmoS" Serial Port-2 J? COM-2 ~.cD GClTolmoSII 3d~:3d':):§~ 3dqt 25 Pin External Modem 3d~:@lCJY:) ~:olmoS" 3dyG~d>y8: 9 Pin Modem ~:07»J 3d~:@lolGClY?(Y)oS" ATX Motherboard G06IP 25 Pin Serial Port 801GClY?01:Yjf:II Motherboard GoT IP ~eYS~:qo? Modem ~olG::D:(Y)oSli Internal Modem ~.GClT ol(Y)oS"

3dooa'501 ~O-f) 06t @CXY):GJ.Y.) Super I/O Card ::D~ 16 bit ISA 3d~l:3dIlY):ol II

G~0eYSoo0G[0~::D~1P Hard Disk::D~ IDE Controller Pin 40 07 3d~:@l::D§~ Hard Disk <ijeYSB0x2q8 mmoS Hard Disk <ijeYSCJY:)C\Y):t Controller <ijeYSCJY:)C\Y):t IDE Data Cable~: @ldSCJY:)C\Y):' Molex Power Cord @ldSCJY:)C\Y):

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Chapter 1 • Overview of computer 27

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28 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

D. 25 Pin Female Parallel Port 1

E. 15 Pin Female Game Port

F. ComA

G Com B H. Speaker Out

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Chapter 1

Motherboard ~:oa8 GJ)'WGo1 0501 08[g: cn~l. AT Motherboard ~:oa8 Optional 3dG~~.010t~ ATX Form Factor cnooo8 3d~:§t ttolcnoSli Optional d?J)~'(' Motherboard GoT oa8 Port 0108[g:

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30 * * * Hardware, System, Troubleshooting

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Chapter' 1 + Overview of cbmputer

31

I

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* * * ... Hardware, System, Troubleshdoting .: ·

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I

Chapter 1 • ··OvervievJ"of GO'mi:)Uter

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) Dynamic Random Access Memory 07 Memory d?o GClTO'Y.)~:oloooSll Memory 07 Tempoary Storage

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34

* * * ' 'Hardware, System.Troubleshootinq."'

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

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I '~, '36" : ** *~,,:"i' Hardware~ System.Troubleshooting" ",_:" ", ' ,,~<~';tl

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· 38

** * ~ Hardware, System.Iroubleshootlnq

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part- I

· .: 39

Hardw-are

Chapter 2i;'

Central Processing Unit Part·1

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Chapter 2 .'. Central Proce,~sing Unit Part-I ~,~'s, . 43

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Chapter 2 • -, Central ProcessinqUnit Part-I'

45, '

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46 * * * Hardware.

486 CPU and Core Voltage

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-I '49

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50 * * * Hardware

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-I 53

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MHz
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54·· * * * Hardware

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e e e M 0 r::;;: e V It r,: e , r,: e 0 <:' e

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-I ':55

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Pentium 1~ ::Ai{!8I~ @l8(9~~:

1. Intel Pentium Normal, Pentium-MMX

2. AMD K5, K6

3. Cyrix Mi, M2

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Chapter 2 •. Central Processing Unit .Part-l , 57,

CPU Company j·1odel

Speed

Bus Speed Core Voltage

Cyrix 686 MX

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CPU Company Cyr:x AMD

Model M II AMD - K6 TM

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;3us Speed 83MHz Bus 3x 100M Hz

Core Voltage 2.9V 2.2 V core / 3.3V 1/0

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@OYJ:J-~ The Properties of Pentium-II, Intel Celeron
NoCPU Speed(MHz) External Connector Bus
Cache Speed
1. Classic 233, 266, 300, 333, 512KB Slot-1 66, 100
350, 366, 400, 450
2. Celeron 266, 300 No Cache Slot-1 66MHz
3. Celeron A 300A, 333 128KB Slot-1 66MHz
333, 366, 400, 433, 128KB Socket PG:,.~ 70 66MHz
466, 500, 533
566, 600, 633, 667 128KB Socket FC-PGA 370 66MHz
700, 733,766
4. Celeron A 800, 850, 900, 950 128KB Socket FC-PGA 370 100MHz
5. Celeron A lA, 1. 13A, 1.2AGHz 256KB Socket FC-PGA 370 100MHz 60 * * * Hardware

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-I 61

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intel pentium II with rnrnx technology

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intel pentium II with rnrnx technology

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-l . 63:',>::1

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olo~olO')oSll CPU Process ct: O.13Micron ~~olO')oSll Core Voltage cr: 1.45V ~~olO')oSll

Pentium-III Slot-1 CPU ~:06~ Speed 450MHz'j 1l)0')~('f)'J 600MHzc8~olO')oSll Slot-1 CPU ~:::D~ Cache Memory 512KB, Bus Speed 100MHz 07. ~~olO')oSll FCPGA Pentium-III CPU ~:::D~ 600MHz'j 1l)('f)'J 933MHz c8~olO')oSll Pentium-III CPU ~:::D~ Speed y~:(\)'JG::D6(\)~: Cache Memory 'fl 256KB::D'J ~~ Slot-1 CPU cochy~ 4'~:J.3'J:olO')oSll Bus Speed 'fl1Jl 133M Hz ~~ Slot-1 CPU ~:coch y~:olO')oSll FC-PGA Tualatin CPU ~:068 Speed 1AGHz'j 1l)('f)'J 1.2AGHc8 ~olO')oSll Cache Memory~. Bus Speed 'fl1Jl FC-PGA 3d078: ~~olO')oSll

Cache Memory ~:9.8 y~@~olO')oSll Slot-1 Pentium-III CPU ~:068 External Cache Memory 512KB ol~ FC-PGA Pentium-III CPU ~:coch y@~::D~or co89.ol~oSll ~.G::D6 Cache Memory Speed 06~ FC-PGAm Slot-1 coch(J)~ 3d4'~:~: y~:G::D'JG&~ FC-PGA m y@~olO')oSll

2°~·····

Slot-1 Pentium-III-600 (81~ Cache Memory Speed::D~ 300 MHz ~~olO')oSll

FC-PGA Pentium-III 600 MHz 068 Cache Memory Speed 600MHz ~olO')oSll Slot-1 (81~ Cache Memory Capacity 512 KB ~~ FC-PGA068 256 KB ::D'J~olO')oSll O')~~l:m Cache Memory (J)~~:@: CY.{j~O')~~l:m Cache Memory Speed

(J)~y@~G::D'JG&~ oa~'1JllO')'J J~:(8I~ 3d@~*~: 3d6~:3d0:~~ Of?~olO')oSll

~.G::D6' FC-PGA CPU ~:(8I~ Speed ::D~ y~@~(\)'JO')'J~.3dOf? Cache Memory Speed 'fl y~:(\)'J~ FC-PGA CPU ~:m y~ @~olO')0511 FC-PGA Pentium-III 933 CPU ~:(8I~ Cache Memory Speed 'j'J 933 MHz 0811 3J G&~ FC-PGA CPU ~:m y~

r,:c: r:::::: c 00C:1 c

~4'Ge3'JC: ::D~COI O')().) II

Socket FC-PGA (Tualatin) 3d~l:3dil)'J:~:::D~ Pentium-III 1AGHz '? 1l)0')8~olO')oSll CPU GoT 068 A ~~ Code G.?6[9:1 Motherboard Manual 0681Jl Tualatin or ~:*~:olO')oSll 1AGHz ~.3dcoch CPU 3d0:~:a? Intel 810T, Intel 815T ~. VIA 694T Chipset olo8G::D'J Motherboard 07.068 3d~:@lolO')oSll

3dcochol 3d~ch3d(\)ch~:3d9. Celeron 1 AGHz~. 3dcoch CPU ~:::D~ ::D~O')~G::D'J GZ5G6:~. G('f)'J8:~~G::D'J3d@~*~:a? 9.~~8olO')oSll FC-PGA Pentium-III CPU ~:~. FC-PGA Tualatin Celeron CPU ~:::D~ 3d@~*~:~:~ oa'J~:~~:~~GOIl a?3dO(ot G,p~~t:

CX6 0:5 (\)'JG:).')'J Pentium 4 Classic CPU ~'J:". Pentium 4 Celeran 0 CPU ~'J::).')2 (\)2: 3d§'~':~:~'J <">6'J§'J:§e :a~ G(~}:>t: G06.'l.01oou511 Pentium III

CPU r:::::: c 0 c c c , c r,: 1 c

~:3dGe3'JC:<">7 G3d0m06c CO08EjlC :l901 ~().) II

l~:

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Chapter 2 • Central Processing Unit Part-I

65

450/512/100/2.0V S1 09400428-0408 COSTARICA i m c ' 97 SL3S8

pentium III

~J-~:) PIII-4S0MHz SLOT-l

~J-~J PIII-SOOMHz SLOT-l

~J-~~ PIII-SOOMHz SLOT-l J? ~oS~000'i ~8q~

qJ-~:> 06~ Pentium III- 450MHz Siot-l CPU o?G06,~~ [g~olooc0ll 450/512/ 100/2.0V oo"i o(x)'=lG06,~G:)')'J 450::A)~ CPU Speed 450MHz o? ~~26~:@: 512:).)~ External Cache Memory 512KB [g~ol(Y)oSll 100 :).)~ BUS Speed 100M Hz [g~@: 2.0 :).)~ 3d~:§lG:)')'J Core Voltage 2.0V [g~ol(Y)oSll

~J-~J 06~ CPU Speed 500MHz G&~:~::).)~"i3dO CY.(J~()')'J '=lOj?:~:olll External cache Memorym 512KB, Bus Speed m 100MHz, Core Voltage~ 2.0V[g~ol(Y)oS"

~J-~~ 06~ Siot-l CPUt&))G~W §~~~o? G~§CXJ'J:ol(Y)c0" Pentium-IIICPU~:~) 3dG6p~:).)~ 3d~05G6p~ §~ol(Y)oSll Celeron, Pentium-II, Pentium-III CPU 3d'J:~::)')~

SI t 1 0" c 0 ~. <:. 0 c c:: c '1 c c

0- CXj>qc Cic:Ojl.~ly:)')~ '1J-~~ 3dOjlc::).)'J G06,q~ 19<DOI(y)OJIl GC\J:GCXJ'J~ G:).)qj??

o '1 c 0 <: c ,'1 c SI t 1 CPU c <:. G:).):G:).):GC\J:0jl G31 ccymGCXJ'JcCXJ'J:()')'J~. OJ?o 1 (Y)OJ II 0 - :).)~ 3do.:t.P: ~}<;C\Jm'=ll 3d~

J.~C\J05'=l1 3d@9 J.~C\J05'=l ~GJY) Box ~:§GC\J:(Y)S'(o~[gSol(Y)c0" CPU o? Circuit &:06~ 3dG:).)m0CXJ'J:@: Box~:§GC\J:~. (x)~CXJ'J:[3~:o~ [gSolooc0l1 Ci~:~:~oo06~ Cooling

I

____ ----------------~J

66.. *** Hardware"

.... :,.

Fan 0)~~10)~: ol~olO)uSll Slot-1 CPU:x>~ Pin G§Goo'J~~'J: <wlGO'J?~ Memory o?~. Circuit @'J:GoT aa~ 3C)G:x>m000'J::X>§~ Pin rr:ut:§8 :~'J:

00<:

'" ~ t C GOJ?GO II

Slot-1 CPU ®~ G/f'J~:J.)~~~'P@~aa~ Pentium-III ~ G6[::X>'J:oo'J::X>§~ Pentium-III

c<: c:::::: c 00<: '1 c

~<DGe3'Jc: :X>tC01O'J<..D1I

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§~olO'JuSll 256:x>~ External Cache Memory 256KB §Sol O'JuS II 133:x>~ Bus Speed 133MHz §~olO'JuSll 1.7V:x>~ Cj~:3C)~:@lG:X>'J Voltage §~olO'JuSll

C' 0 "hC'

aa~qjll0y')3<H:~Jl:3d0Y):~l3c:~:

XT "i Pentium III 03 G@0@[g:ol[g1l CPU Model I:{P:I Socket ~. Slot-1 Connector I:lP:1 External Cache Memory I:{P:~ 3C)8mOO'J:~ ~~:@OO'J:§~: §~olO'JuSll 3JG&~ CPU Model~. Speed cr?~6[~§~G<D1 Motherboard GoT 06~ ol~G:X>'J Socket ~ J36[~§~G<D1 Cj~:

Computer 3C)G&~:cr? 3C)§~:<zI~: ~~.'i~:~~[g §~olO'JuSll CPU Connector s, Motherboard 3C)G&~:3C)6f' a7.cr? G@0073d~l'j'J O'J~y~~: §~: G~~~6[olbluSll CPU ex?6[~ Model No, CPU 3C)'{Jt:3C)<D'J:~. Speed 3C)~~*~:~ G:X>~G~~~6[ol",uSll Connector d?6[~ Slot-1 (\)'):1 PGA 370 (\)'): §~:~~b(ol",uSll d?0~.G~~~G<D6[~ 3C)ooaSol G6[::X>'J:OO'J: G:X>'J CPU I:{P: ~. Socket I:{P:I Siot-l I:{P: <;oaS<D0~aSI:{P:cr? G:X>~'iaS:X>'J:OO'J:6[ol",uSll

PGA 370 CPU d?6[~ Socket~. CPU t~'P oaG@0O)'Jo? ::S6[olbluSll Cj~:3d<Hl:3C)<D'J:I:{P:O?

G@001d?6[~ Celeron 333 MHz 'i 533 MHz c8 ~G:X>'J 3C)~l:3C)<D'J:I:{P:cr? ~~:d?§~:§~O)'Jo?

P t" II c ~ c c: c C c 0 0 c '1 c

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CPU Model~. Speed ::S[sd?6[~ Cj~:~. oa~:6["'u? Socket 3d~l:3d<D'J:I:{P:1 External

C h M c <:, B S d c <:". , c 0 0

ac e emory :J.)<..DG(\)'Jm(\)1 us pee :J.)<..DG(\)'Jm/f. 0(S~:6['i'J(\) <D:X>~O?<J.?

o '1 c

co 00'J:6[01 "'<..D II

20b)'J Celeron 400 urG~b(~ External Cache Memory 128 KB, Socket PGA 370, Bus Speed 66 MHz ~G&~: ::S OO'J: 6[01 ",uS II Celeron 400MHz t. oaS:x>aS:x>~

~ c • 0 c <:~ '1 c

3d Ge3'JC : 3C) 6f'3C)'J: C\:( : <J.? @OY.>: J - ~ 06 C G(y-)lS OO'J: 01 O'J <..D II

Pentium III 667 d?6[~ Cache Memory 256KB FC-PGA 370 Socket, Bus Speed 133 MHz§SG~~: GCJ651.o1",oSll Pentium-Ill s, oaS:x>aS:x>~cr? @OY.>:J-G 06~ G06,6[ol",oSll

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Intel Processor Process and Transistor

Processor

No. of

Process

Date

(Micron) Transistors Introduced

8088 3.0 29,000 June '79

8086 3.0 29,000 June '78

286 1.5 134,000 Feb. '82

386SX 1.5, 1.0 275,000 June '88

386DX 1.5, 1.0 275,000 Oct. '85

486SX 1.0, 0.8 1.185M Apr. '91

487SX 1.0 1.2M Apr. '91

486DX 1.0, 0.8 1.2M Apr. '89

486DX2 0.8 1.2M Mar. '92

486DX4 0.6 1.6M Feb. '94

Pentium 60/66 0.8 3.1M Mar. '93

Pentium 75-200 0.6, 0.35 3.3M Mar. '94

Pentium MMX 0.35, 0.25 4.5M Jan. '97

Pentium Pro 0.35 5.5M Nov. '95

Pentium II (Deschutes) 0.35 7.5M May '97

Celeron A (Mendocino) 0.25 19M Aug. '98

Celeron III (Coppermine) 0.18 28.1M4 Feb. '00

Celeron III (Tualatin) 0.13 44Ms Oct. '01

Pentium III (Katmai) 0.25 9.5M Feb. '99

Pentium III (Coppermine) 0.18 28.1M Oct. '99

Pentium III (Tualatin) 0.13 44M June '01

Celeron 4 (Willamette) 0.18 42M6 May '02

Pentium 4 (Willamette) 0.18 42M Nov. '00

Pentium 4A (Northwood) 0.13 SSM Jan. '02

Pentium 4E (Prescott) 0.09 125M Feb. '04

@(XY):J-6) Pass, Current, and Future CPU Process Transistions
Date 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2004 2007 2010
Process 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.13 0.09 0.065 0.045
(Micron)
Process 1000 800 500 350 250 180 130 90 65 45
(nm) ...;::-:-_- - ---

- -- -

Introduced Apr. '89'

@OY):J-B

CPU Socket, Slot Types and Specifications

Chip Class

Pins Layout

Socket

Voltage Supported CPU

Intel/AMD Socket 1 169 17X17 PGA

486

Socket 2 238 19X19 PGA

Socket 3 237 19X19 PGA

Socket 6 235 19X19 PGA

5V

486SX/DX/DX2 DX40D

486SX/DX/DX2 486 Pentium OD

Mar. '92'

Feb. '94'

Feb. '94'

Intel/AMD Socket 4 273 21X21 PGA

586

5V

5V/3.3V 486SX/DX/DX2

DX4 Pentium OD AMD 586

3.3V 486DX4, 4

486 Pentium OD

5V

Pentium 60/66 OD Mar. '93'

Pentium

Socket 5 320 37X37SPGA 3.3V/3.5V Pentium 75-133, OD Mar. '94'

June. '95'

Socket 7 321 37X37 SPGA VRM

Pentium 75-233, MMX,OD, AMDK5, K6, CyrixMl/I1

Intel 686 Socket 8 387 Dual-pattern Auto VRM Pentium Pro, OD

PentiumII/III SPGA

Siot-l 242 Slot

(SC-242)

Auto VRM PIl, pm Celeron SECC

Nov. '95'

May. '97'

Socket 370 370 37X37 SPGA Auto VRM Celeron/ Nov. '98'

PIII III PPGA/

FC-PGA

Intel Pentium Socket 423 423 39X39SPGA Auto VRM Pentium 4 FC-PGA Nov. '00'

4 Class

Socket 478 478 26X26 mPGA Auto VRM Pentium 4/Celeron Oct. '01'

FC-PGA2

Socket T 775 30X33 LGA

(LGA775)

Auto VRM Pentium 4/ Celeron June. '04' LGA775

FC-PGA=Flip-chip pin grid array FC-PGA2= FC-PGA with

an Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) OD=OverDrive(retaif upgrade processors) PAC= Pin array cartridge

PGA= Pin Grid Array

PPGA= Plastic pin grid array

SC242= Slot connector; 242pins SECC= Single edge contact cartridge SPGA= Staggered pin grid array mPGA= Micro pin grid array

VRM = Voltage regulator module with vari able voltage output determied by module type or manual jumpers

J

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Chapter. 2 .,~ Central. Proc~$sing>UnJt Part-l

@o.:Y.>:J-OO Intel CPU "!P:3dD603 Socket "!P:~ G~@CXY.):olooo5lI Socket 3 "i ;=(-PGA Socket "!P:3d08 fl6:ro6:[S: §~~ ~':):ro~c3~~o5o? ~6~olooo5lI Pentium 4 -=.?:3d~6:~ Chapter 3 066 3d@ci3d~ fl~:ro~:~':):ol~o5lI

....... C' C' 0 CPU

_§c:C{Jm~G::D,) ~:

3dooa3ol CPU "!P::D~ roa3~ GO{J:aaa3D66 Gsp~:~~G:D,:) CPU 3d~l:3dilY.):"!P: 3&;oloouSll U)'rG~':)a3y6: Used Computer"!P:D6~ Bus Speed 133 MHz~G:D,:) Slot-1 "!P: ca03N'J:Do? Bus Speed 100 MHz ~G:D,:) FC-PGA 07. O~N'JO')':)~ Goa.qoloouSII Bus Speed 133MHz ~G:D,:) Slot-1 CPU PIlI "!P:~ G3d'J03D6~ G~@OO'J:oloouSll

\ \

CPU Model Connector

External Cache Memory Bus Speed

Pentium-III 533, 667, 733 MHz Slot-1

256 KB

133 MHz

CPU Model Pentium-III 650, 700

Connector FC-PGA 370

External Cache Memory 256 KB

Bus Speed 100 MHz

3dooa3ol @U)':):~ 6ci§8:§~ Slot-1 CPU "!P::D~ External cache Memory 256KB ~~ 512KB ~G&8: ::S~8oloouSll d?3da;? Pentium III Slot-1 CPU "!P:~. FC-PGA-370

CPU '1p:~~ Bus Speed:D~ 100MHz ~.

133MH 0, 0 r,::: c 00<: 1 c

Z or.ro ~GCYC::DtCOIOOu)1I

OO~(9~ PGA-370 d?q8 @o.:Y.>:J-~ 3dq Celeron 333 "i 533MHz 08~:D~lYjl G[TOO'J:ol muSll ~.G~ C;~: Speed 3dd?8: Slot-1 Celeron ~:ro~:~oloouSll Core Voltage, Bus Speed, External Cache Memory o7.mGa:>? ~G[T8:aJ olll

t

Voltage

i

~J-\l~ Alternating Current signal

showing clock cycle timing

Clock Speed

CPU q. 3d§~*~:()),) q~N'Jo? Clock Cycle GD6GoT woo~[S: 3d C\:(8C\:(8ol muS II

q~C\Y.)o? Clock Cycle 3dGq3dD6a3())') CPU Speed §~ol 0005 II Clock Cycle "!P:"!P.: q~Gro Speed y§~N'JGroolll 8088 CPU GD6q. Speed ())') 4.7MHz olll OO~~CJ5'~."j'J Clock

70

*** Hardware

'".. .. ,>

. ··.·.~I

Cycle G01~: <;'7JJ~: 6'(~0'X) §~olOJoSll 3JGEP~ CPU 3dC\(cSC\(cS~~~. ~3dcSo? Clock Cycle GO'd~ System Crystal m C<?a3Go:O'X)olll System Crystal <.:rYJ CPU 3dO'd05::D0'=1m Sys-

t c:. c 0 c:... CI k C I 0 c 1

em OJlDtpC\(:3dO'dm C\(3d00? oc yc e GO'dc"y( C<?OJGO:O'X)OIIl

Computer Power On ~030'X)1. System Crystal <.:rYJ Clock Cycle GO'do? IDOJ~ C<?~Go:01OJoSll System Crystal <.:rYJ 3d8m3d0:§~ Motherboard Speed ~.'=IU(a3 Bus Speed ~::D0 C<?a3Go:OJ0§~01OJoSll 3d"tJ0:3d0:§~ CPU Speed m Bus Speed 0003 3d 00 "tP: 9?JY 01 OJ oS II ~31GEP~ CPU 3dO'd03 ~3dcSo? Clock Speed ~ Clock Multiplier GO'd1. G§-::>~:Oj(ol OJ oS II Clock Multiplier GO'd~ Motherboard GoT'fJ Jumper Setting GO'd1. G§-::>~:Oj(6'(olOJ0511 ~.GJJ6 Pentium MMX 233MHz, Cyrix MII-300 ID::D~ CPU "tJ0: 3d:Xc:@l~~G::D0 TXPRO II Motherboard "tP:mlD@:1 ~3d8o? Bus Speed, Multiplier 1. CPU Speed o?~ CMOS Setup 'fJ G§-::>~:Go:6'(olOJoS II Jumper Setting 1. G§-::>~:6'('fJc\y'):1 CMOS Setup 'fJ G§-::>~:6'('fJC\Y.):J?O'X)~ Motherboard Manual 'fJ 3dcl$3d"-ij G~@CD0:olOJoSll

CPU Speed Setting ~~~O'd~ CPU 3dO'd03 ~3d8o? Clock Speed 3do?~:::D0 Jumper G§-::>~:Go:6'(olOJoSll CPU Clock Speed 0003 yGt:o? Speed J? ~~CD0:6'(~ CPU UXl o c ... 0 c: c c 1 CPU'" S d c 0 r,: c -, CI k S d 0

~4'CD0:O?3dotC: Gt:Gt:::D0 C\(OGOO0CG~'fJ011I 6'[. pee coer: «~~O? oc pee C"Y(

o c c CPU c: c 0 c c 000 c r,;: c ... c c ~

"tJ'fCD0:6'(C UXl ::l.j(.C\(0G000ctcO'X)oom y~tpc:GIDO'X)~IDO?3dO'dm 064'ttJllO'X)'fJ '=It52]JOlaD

Hang §~OJa301OJoSll

8088 1. 8086 CPU <JY.) ttJ~:~§~:3d0:§~ 12Cycles 6'[¥ Instruction OJ~'f~ C\(8G0008~801OJoSll 2861. 386 CPU GO'dm 4.5 Cycles, 486 GO'dm 2 Cvdes co-s ~3d8 01 OJ oS II Pentium GO'dm Clock Cycle OJ~'t6'[0'X)1. Instruction OJ~tp ~.'=IU(~ t~tp C\(8G000~~'~o?3d08 o?:OJ03C\Y.)olOJoSll PH mG4' P408 CPU GO'dUXl Clock Cycle OJ~'t'fJ

I t t· . 0 c c c 0 ~<; c c 0 c r::::: 1 c

ns ruc Ion X?:? X?'=IU(OJ Cjc:oom«~ C\(0G000CtclSoIOJrnll

Front Side Bus Speed

Front Side Bus Speed J? Motherboard Speed ~.cD GOlT01OJoSil 3d"tP:3d0:§~ Bus Speed ~. GOlT601OJoSil CPU Speed::D~ CPU Internal Clock Speed J? J?~@:I

CPU c c 0 c 0 c c CPU 0 r,: c c:... c c 0 c h c 0 CPU -,

'=IU(OJG::D0 O':(j'f3dIDOJ3d«C:"tP:::D2:: C\(3d~~*~:~. C\(0GOO0CtC13C:'=IrvGOIi 'f.

"-ij~o~~:"tP:(MCH) O?EP:O'd~ Data 3dy.3d0j(C\(8bY.lG§~ External Clock Speed U?C\J~:

GOlT~~olOJoSll CPU Speed::D~ Bus Speed 0003 3doo"tP:9?J §~olOJoSll CPU Speed m Bus Speed 0003 §~G::D0 3doo"tP:J? Multiplier G~03G~03~:U? GOlT01OJoSil

486DX ~o?~~m oa05G::D0 Motherboard "tP:O'd8 CPU Speed ~. Bus Speed Of(@0'X) "tP:01OJoS II

486DX2-66 MHz O'd~~ CPU Speed::D~ Bus Speed 0005 (J)00§~G::D0*~:1.

c c c 0 c ... 1 c DX c 2 c B S d () 0h c 0 0 0 1 c

IDOJC C\(OG000CtC~0IOJrnli ,G'pm'j ::D2:: us pee J 00 ~13C:C"Y( ~C\(oIOJrnll

3JG§~ Bus Speed::D~ 33 MHz ::D0~olOJoSll ci?o?~. CPU Speed a: Motherboard Speed 0003 Joo "tP:G~§~:a? Clock Doubler U?G~TolOJoSll

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' .... Chapter . 2 • .. Central Processing Unit ,; Part-:!

Clock Double Speed (y;o)

CPU Bus Speed x Multiplier

~6 Dx-2 66 MHz = 33 MHz x 2

?entium 133 = 66 MHz x 2

Pentium 133 06~1'( 66x2::D~ 132 ::D09_G::D';(\)~: 133 U{::D0 G~T ~6ulmc011 :'t~ 3d03 3d~~:<iP: "tJ~C00:9_r=>o? ::Dd3@lulll 486 3d06~ Bus Speed ::D~ 3dd33dOij ;;:b9_9_~ 33.3MHz §Sulmc011 Pentium 3d06aS Bus Speed::D~ 66.6MHz §Sulmc011

o c 0 r,;: c c c g. c 0 0 r,;: c 1 c 1 r;:::::: c c CI k S d

::rm4'~:<iP:~~ 06mOj(9_c 3d4':9:m4'~:<iP: 9_~r=> ~0ulmOJII 3olGep~ C0080? oc pee

26~"tJ~§t:'lP:' Data Transfer Rate 06~"tJ~§t:<iP:06~ Bus speed 66.6MHz ~o 06~0j(9_r=>

~<: 1 c ~o)UlmOJII

_,

Clock Triple Speed (~oo)

CPU

Pentium-180 MHz =

Pentium-200 MHz =

Bus Speed x

60 x

66 x

Multiplier 3

3

Clock l'hX Speed (cy)<£oo§)

cpu Bus Speed x

Pentium 90 = 60 x

Pentium 100 = 66 x

Multiplier 1.5

1.5

Clock 2.SX Speed (1-<£oo§)

Pentium 150 MHz = 60 x

2.5 2.5

Pentium 166 MHz

66

x

=

Clock 3.SX Speed (~:oo§) Pentium 233 MHz = 66

x

3.5

Clock SX Speed (cl:oo)

Celeron 333 MHz = 66 x 5

G4'0~y~: cPU <iP:06~ Clock Speed Multiplier G~~Gc.0d3~:<iP: <iP:C00ulmc011 CPU Speed:,A;l~ Bus Speed maS 3d;;o<iP:~ §~maSC00ulmc011

Pentium <iP:::D~ Bus Speed 60, 66 MHz 1-S~ljt:o?::D0 3d~:@lulmc011 AMD ~o Cyrix Cpu <iP:::D~ 60, 66, 75, 83 MHz 3d0:9:o? 3d~:@lulmc011

Cyrix MII"333 06~ Bus Speed 83 o? 3d~:@lC00:@:1 Multiplier G~aSGc.0d3~:r=> 3x §Sulmc011 Pentium ~o 3j(~~ gk~::n~<iP:06t M1, M2, K5, K6 07o~~ Bus Speed ~. Voltage <iP: Gc.0@C00:ulmc011

. B S d 0 c c <:r,: 1 c

3dJ..?:<iP:G::D0 us pee <iP:<"Y? G3d0m06c GCY.l8C00:ulmOJII

PIII FC-PGA

133MHz

@UY.):J-OO Front Side Bus Speed

CPU Bus Speed

486

25, 33, 40, 50 MHz

Pentium

60, 66, 75, 83 MHz

Pentium II, III Classic

66, 100M Hz

Celeron

66, 100 MHz

P4

400, 533, 800,1066 MHz.

P4-Celeron

400MHz

Celeron D

533MHz

~~G::D? CPU ::D~ ~~§9G::D? Socket 06~ 3'4l9:@l'~@:1 §9G::D? Socket

e e CPU c: c e 0 e S k t e • c: 0 e "I

3'4l06cy'>CX?cy'>co'j:G::D? 3'4l~9"tP:::D~ ,'tG::D'j oc e 06c 3'4l~:~tSl,cOlll

Celeron 366 MHz J? (Coppermine) FC-PGA Socket 068 3d~:@l~. "l010)(.011 Celeron 766 MHz J? PGA-370 Socket 068 3d~:@l~. ~"l0111 (Tualatin) FC-PGA Socket o-a~ A olG::D'.) CPU "tP:1'9 FC-PGA CPU "{P:::D'.) ~:~~."l010)0511 Pentlum-lll s, Celeron lAG Hz, 1. 13AGHz ~. 1.2AGHz 07. 3d~:~lt~olO)o511 cx?3do;( 566 MHz G,pa5~~:

CI . ° c .r,0'" c

e eron 3d?:C\(:,,?C\)~: 3dJ."{:ellfc010)0.)11

(Tualatin) FC-PGA Socket::D~ 3d@~~: Socket §~~ Celeron ~. Pentium-III 3d?:CY: 3d~:@lt8::D~U( (X)8IDbp~010)0511 ~.G::D'; Celeron 333 MHz'i' 533 MHz~3d,a5Gbp~ Celeron CPU "{P: (X)~~~: 3d~:@~ ~"l0111

PGA-370 3dCXj(:::Dd5@l~~

O)~,?J,)d3@L"l~'fJ Motherboard GuT 068 ~GJ,)? Socket 370 "{P:o-a8 PGA-370 tJ?

G"l:J,)'.):CXYJ:J,)~J?J,)'.) Gaa."l0l~o511 Socket FC-PGA 370 urG'l.:::D'j:CXY.l:§~:~ ~~::D~ 3'4lQl 06~~ G06.'l.'f'~ur<Aol11 ~.~~~ PGA 370 C\)'.): FC-PGA 370 C\)'.):1::y)05~ §"l~rol1 '1~: Motherboard 0051D2oo 01 C\)'.)GJ,)'.) Motherboard ManuallD?3f6J? 6~ ~ §"l01 ~0511 Motherboard 1D?3f6(g)~ 3d~:@Lt8GJ,)'.) CPU 1D?"l~:o-a8 PGA 370, FC-PGA 370, Tualatin

"~,, , c c ° c • r, ,

IDJ,)~~<;: OIOCJ,)~3dOjlc:J,)? 3dJ."{:eL"l'fJ0ll1

Computer O)~~:q. CPU Model~. Speed J,)'.)~OO G3d?a5013d~a53dC\)a5Go-aJ?01

::>SGC\)'.)rr;@~. Oi?ooolO)o511

1. CPU Model

2. CPU Speed

3. CPU Connector (Socket or slot-t)

4. CPU Core Voltage

5. Internal Data Bus and External Data Bus

6. Bus Speed(Front Side Bus)

7. Internal Cache Memory

8. External Cache Memory

<et

C' WII

GA I ~.

OC'

v=

-III

C'

opc

,

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C' WII

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floating Point Unit

Floating Point Unit ~ Co-Processor, Co-Math, Numeric Processor ::-~.cD GOlTo10)0511 Graphic s, 0~::D05a?

C' C' e 0 C' .....Q C'

=3mO)'J ~mo)'JG061 :::l.)OltP'1C:<>,-(C'P

C' C' 0 0

~ m 0)'J 0lJ m 0)'J G 06 ml 3<l G co CO'J :

=./)G~~ Go:o10)0511 3)G@':>9 Co-Processor UY.) 0)<tJ~ Software G06 3<l0605 ;,;~ ~@~ 3<lCXjl:o 3<lG6[:@:9010)0511 ::0~··.··91l)2m 3<l~ :§l~o? Autocad Version 12 ~ 6[8 Co-Processor 01 ~~:::l.)'J 3d:).)l :@lcq. 6[010)0511 Co-Processor

'"l C'hC' C;:C' C' 0 OrR. ~C' '"l C'

,:)IOC~C:t3~ o(?~'ilil O)'JO(' Yt:): ~~GIl)Olo)WII

Co-Processor 0)8;;;o~a? 3<l0l1'P CPU 9.. Speed 4. Co-Processor~. Speed

II '"l C'

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CPU 9.. Model ~01 ~UY.) 8086 36~6[~ Co-Processor ~01 ~UY.) 8087 ~oSolO)0511 31Go~05 8086 Motherboard

._J •

~05 o;l6[~ 8087 Co-Processor (J)'J 0')~0l10)~: olCD'J't') ~U?~011l ~:~: .:>050j(6[010)0511 G3<l'J05068 CPU Model ~01~~. Co-Processor ~01d; 3<l03G06~

C'~ 0 C' '"l C'

~t:)ormoIO)wlI

CPU 8088 8086 80286 80386 80486SX

Co-Processor 8087

8087

80287

80387

80487SX

~J-~7 80286 CPU and 80287 Co-Processor

~J-~6) 80386 CPU and 80387 Co-Processor

80486DX

Co-Processor

80486DX CX'605GoTCD,)o?3<lOll Co-Processor o? CPU 3<l068:oo't'J 3<l~03(§: :n~G;;;o')o5co'):a?3<l0605 Co-Processor ~ ~:~:0)8;;;o8~. ~~010j(:1I3)G@':>9 486DX

rn C' 0 C' C' , CPU . B 'It' ,C' '"l C' '"l rn c;: C' '"l C'

:-rJO('j: =r=v= ogmCD'JO? 3<l'J:or:UY.) UI -m 3<lG~~. 0)1l)0l10)~: 01CD'Jt:): t3Il)Olo)WII

~J-\,7 06~ 80287 Co-Processor o» Retangular~:::l.)ffi'J~ ~G@':>~: G06.6[ol~0511 ~J-\'o 068 80387 Co-Porcessor UY.) Square ~:::l.)<[1R'J~ ~G§8: G06.6[ol~0511 ~J-\'e 066 80486DX 068 Co-Processor UY.) Built-in 0)~0l10)~: 01060)')~ G06.'Po11I

C P OC' ~C' ~ C' C' '"l C',

0- rocessor (J)'J 3<l'r3<l~~'t') 19,\"Gt5:P6[GCD')mG3d,)c 3<lG6[:OI:::l.)CD'J:II3<lo;s~O

~:;;6[:~:010)0511 CPU Model O)~'rmO)~y GlP8:cD~'J:o? ~~:0~'J 3<l'J:~:~:01:UY.)

, 74'

***

Hardware

3dG6[:B:ol O)uSlI~~:0~0 G~~:cD1t 0)~'f~IjJJ0 CPU Model G~~:~:O)')olll ~ee7 <r1~0~: 0iJ~1j0 3d8m 3d~:§l~a? Computer G06<.JY) 386 ~. 486 Computer G060 §~olO)uSll

C t c., C c~ r,: C , cor,: C • 0 , C

ompu er 0)Q)~:6[. G~:H:lJY.) 3doa~e_3:~<;:O?3d06m ~51~~Q) 3d:A(:~0?~G06JJ0 oOJOi?

• ,~ '1 C r,:c ~ , C C C CQ '1 ·C C

J:(:9:?e30lo)OJIl 3d"iP:3d0:~<;: JJG:JY)JJ0:G06~. GW0m~OG6[: 3dc'1Jc~0J0G0601 II GW0m~OG6[:

C CQ .r,: OC CQOC, 'At drS<.·r,: 1 C

3dc'1Jc~0J0G06 3d:A(:~lO)')m 3d~G;;X)0m3<rc:~G~:0? U oca "r 3d:A(:~lO)')"iP:Olo)OJIl

:J?~3d@1 Autocad Version 12 ri? 3d~:§l~. o(?~'-lJllO)')ouSa?3d@llj0 486 o(?~'-lJllO)')G06ri? o05Oi?3d~:(gl§olO)0511 31Go~o? 4861j0 SX~. DX1~~l:~O)uS~0)') JJd3~(XY.):8§01:Jj1:11

486SX o(?~'-lJllO)')G061j0 Co-Processorm 0)~@1a)~: 01~C\Y.)011l 3JG~~ Autocad Version 12 ri? 3d~:§l~.~6[olll :J?~3d06~ §::D.)~0G06 "iP:~ §~~0)')011l o05O)?a?~m Autocad 12 ~:~6[~. 3d;;X)~~G§1 GE>p~:"tj~mcD 486 005~. 486SXo(?~'-lJllO)')ri? GE>p~:O)')o ~GOO? 005~IGE>p~:~§:1j0 3d@~3deG06 3d"iP:B:§~~O)')olll GE>p~:"tj~m Co-Proces-

C C 0 C • C r,: 1 C C r,: C ,0 OC,

sor OOOoo~Go:~mGW? 3d0:~:3d;;X)CG~~0:010)OJIl ~~:0~0 3dGe:'c:3dC\JeT? 3d"tjH.

C' C' 0 0 .... -, C' ........ (".... '1

06J~GO)')OJ?o)G06 ~JJ~O?3d06m Goa.~6[O? 3d@m3d@G06011l

3d'f G~0~y~:GE>p ~~ §::D.)~0G06 ~G~Q:)c\y'):1I ~G~Q:)olll Co-processor cr: Built-in olotC\J0a?3d06~ ~.§::D.)~0GW? ~O?aSGOO?olll ~.GJJ~ 3dC\Y.):orr 3d~:§::D.)~0G060111

r,: 0 C 0, C r,: c, 0 C ,C C 0 C

~::D.)~0QX(O)')oom ~0(,6[. ~~:o~ GtSJc:C\J1iG06O? Gspc:"tj~G06~. 06J~GO)')O(, oOJOi?~G06m

_O 0 0 '1 C

:>.J (XY.): <po ~ 0 1 0) OJ II

3d~:~: ~~:0~0m Hyper-Threading Technology(HTr) 0111 Pentium 4 o(?~<iJllO)') ouS6[t HTT ri? Support ~06[t YG<YJ0t:010)0511 20~"'" Pentium 4 Speed 2.8AGHz~. Pentium 4 Speed 3.2EGHz 1~<r3d~~ O)~'fri? G§.:<tl056[~uS~6[~ :D0ri?G§.:"tj056[~cDll ~07.t~~&:1j0 olota? CPU Speed, Bus Speed, Cache Memory 07.~. 3d~:~~:0~0

C c, 0 C 0 ~ • r,: C 1 C C C ~ 0 CO, C 1

3d"tjm3dC\JmG06~. "tj~0(:~: ~:~O)6[OI~OJII G~0mOOO 3dG6[:e_3:O)')m ~o(.tQ)~l:6[. G~:*~:OIII

1 ~ C C ~ co C C C C ~ c. r,: 0 C 3 2EGH 0

3. GeJ0<;: OOJO)?~lJY.) GSGe_3:O)O)tC6[CI ~oc~:e3:G063d06m 3d:A(:~llj0~6[c. zeT?

G§.:"tj05JJ~O)05~. Oi?;;x)olO)uSJI Cache Memory m 3d0f(0f( Bus Speed m 800MHz~. HTr ~~:o~ olo~o? 3.2EGHz d? G§.:"tjuSo?~O)')olll y@:G<YJ0~:O)')m Socket 775 Pentium 4 CPU Speed co 3.2FGHzri? G§:"tjuSO?~6[~ YG<YJ0t:olO)uSll :D?G§~c0~GOO? 3.2FGHz Ij0 Cache Memory cr: 2MB 010~~.011l

Q coc C c, 1c'D· -, 'T' 'T' ~c

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C C c. 'C r,: C , 0 0 C coo

3dSPG061 3d~O~OGW0cyG06 Q)O? ~~:0~0 3dGtSJc:3dC\JG06eT? JJ(XY.):6[c :DOJ3d"tll:3d0':J:O?

C C ,0 0 1 OC C

G§.:"tjOJJJy JJC\J~O)') JJ C\Y.)01 C\J,?~OJ II

3JG§~ 0Q)20(~:m CPU G06~. G~~:cD1tG061 3d'f 3d~:(glG~a? CPU~. G~t:c01iG061

C C C CPU ,r,: C , r,: C C r,: C C r::: r::: coo

G~0moooC\Y.)~0? G066[. Ge:'c:C\J1i~Q)Q)2G06<.JY) Ge:'0GC\Y.)mG3d0c O(?0I30:l3c: ~51:Jj1:~.

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~ C C r;::;g C 1 OC C C 0 r;:::g C r, 1

G06 3dGeJ0C: 0)0)0e_3: (9O)6[OIC\J,?~OJJI 3d0:JJO)O)?(XY.):<p. ~lo)CGe:'0I6[GQ)1I

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Cllapter~.

Central Processing Unit Part·11

Chapter-2 O(l~ 8088 CPU ry Pentium III CPU .s CPU ~.ua3::A)~::A)~ 3d0:<X(: ~8:@@:ul@1I CPU Model, Speed, Data Bus Width, Bus Speed, Address Bus, Cooling Fan, Internal Cache

Memory, External Cache Memory o? 3dG§:>8:J? Ga:hGa:h~:~: ~8:@~:ul~1I Pentium III Tualatin GO(lOY.l 3d Go-:rSGCD: §~<D~~ ~ulmoSll 31Gu~o? Intel m ~,(X)~ 3d<D~:~ y§~o? Pentium 4 CPU GO(ld?

~ c c 0 c (' c '1 c 7th G

Jooo~2:i:tQ)q, tOC::D0CD'j'0 CX?mClj'u~ul moo II en-

ti O'T' ~('O ('0 c

era Ion CIj'.G@1 O? ::A)~~G~m 'lIl:<DmO? Q)cnCG~:~:

~ulmoSll 80786 c\?c0 G@TulmuSll cnmo?d? tS§l~Q)6p ;;m08:o? Pentium 4 CPU GO(lulll

u(X)~~:CX?a3C1j'89~o? Pentium 4 CPU ~1 Code Name 'j'0 Willamette §oSulmoSu <;J::A)~:G::A)0 Transistor GO(l~, iQ)~:(x)0:()')0ulll CPU Process m 0.18Micron §oSulmoSll 180nm(nano meter) 9.c0 ;;@TulmoSu Pentium Pro m oaq8 3d E8 uS 3d 00: 3dC3: ~:ulu 3d:i(:@lo? Socket m PGA 423 ulll

Socket PGA-423

PGA 423::A)~ PGA 370 (X)~ 3d'1'~:coSB:IS:, 3 Pin G(x)0~§a3tSyo7 3d:i(:'=>@lGcyy?ulll ZIF G'=>08:cn

c c P' lC(' '1 c c c ~ c

:ooqp:OY.l In ~Q)ulmoou 3dG~,I3dG'1'0ml G()')0cIG@m

~:

76 * * * Hardware

Socket JlPGA-478

Socket WGA-478 J,)~ Pentium-4 CPU "tP:&l~ ~d3w~L:~05O( Socket 08 §Sol en0511 Pentium 4 Socket 478 "tP:J? JOo:)

?,?S068 Q)en8CX(d>cyS~olenoSll Socket IlPGA- 478 ~0:J,)~ :).C;(\)05~J,)0 ~[9: Socket 3d0:C\>:068 3dGJ,):dc:§Sol en 05 II 3d"tP:3d0:§~ Socket-478 ~.J.)0 G0116olenoSll ~~- J 068 GJ,)'W§~q8 Socket-478 &l~ a;(:~:~05J?

r,;:<: '1 c c c c Q

G06.q~ tjQ)olenwll GCXY.)C;:~GCXY.)C;:J,)2:: O;(2::'tL

o~ ZIF <:. <:: c c c 0

~8: G80c:en&l1 3dqc:06C J-OC1D'i'!Of

------ -- ------

...

423 PIN SOCKET i

.......... ~ .. ,,&.+ ..

· . '" " " .

I :-:-:-:<-:<':-:-:':':-:-:':-:-:':':-:-1

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,~.~ .... ~ .... ~~ ..... - ...

r:::::::::::::::::::

. ~im:'.':'jlj:

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._ .

.................. ~ ~ " .

~~-J SOCKET-478

Pentium 4

Pentium-III 'r' 3d§~~:(,),) 1.2AGHz 0111 Jjt.cc05 ~~CD0(,),) Pentium 4 CPU olll 3dQ)~8: Pentium 4 CPU "tP:J,)~ Socket 423 J?XJ0 ~:olen0511 Speed 1.3 't 2GHz 3dcx3 ~olen0511 w'( G'i'005~~:068 Socket 478 3d§SGEP8!cxtd>0Y) Speed ~ 1.4 GHz ¥ 3.2GHz cx3 ~olenoSli Socket 423, 478 07.&l~ Bus Speed J,)~ 400 MHz ~~I Socket 478B XJ~ 533 MHz, Socket 478C J,)~ Bus Speed 800 MHz cx3 ~olen05I1Socket- 478C J,)~ Hyper-Threading J? Support C\{0GO!GJ,)0 Socket 08§Solen0511 Pentium 4 Socket 423 "tP:068 Celeron ~~:n Pentium-4 Socket 478 3d06oS1i Celeron 1.7 GHz 't

@oy'):~-J Pentium-4 CPU Code Name 1~ Core Voltage
No Codename Speed Core Voltage Bus Speed
Socket-423
1. Willamette 1.3-2.0GHz 1.7V 400MHz
Socket-478
0 2. Willamette 1.4-1.8GHz 1.75V 400MHz
~.
:rlJ 3. Northwood 1.8A-2.8BGHz 1.525V 400MHz, 533MHz
2.4C-2.8C 800M Hz
4. Prescott 2.4A-3.2EGHz 1.4V 533MHz, 800MHz )U Hz :~ et ~t- 14

Chapter 3+.>< Central Processing Unit ···part-JI-

,77"

c C' (,,, 'l C'

:: ::-::::OYJ CXj'cn~O~l(.J I coco II

C' C' C' C'. C' '" C' C' P t' 4 1~

~OGoa:G:)'),:)(\)~: cnmOO3d~:occy?3dOdm GCYC\Y.)6)~U? en ium GOdC\Y.)OllSll

;. C' -, P t' 4 S k t 423 0 • r,: 1 C' 0 C' r:::::. C' C' '"

::;;::~:oamcy? en turn GOdO':)':) oc e - 0( 3d:>"(:lSlO' coco II :).)o~t::3'='~c JOo:> yt0~0

:.-tel m Socket-478 CPU GOdd? (X)8~CXj'~~a§01cnoSll CPU Speed OJ?6)~ 423~. 478 Computer (JHIl:q. Total Speed 0':)':) 06-'§'=':§~: ~~olJjt:1I Gcpa§yt:GOY? Socket 478 CPU ~""'307 cn~~l:B:cn~~lt: CXj'~~8C\Y.)B: Socket 423 0':)':) cn~~~:6)8~01cnoSll Socket 423 '·~otherboard 0':)':) Syncronus DRAM(SDRAM), Rarnbus DRAM(RDRAM) ~. ~~:O'Y.) ",_iJ:01cnoSll SDRAM q. Speed 0':)':) 133MHz, DDR q. Speed 0':)':) 266M Hz, Rambus JRAM ~:q. Speed 0':)':) 800M Hz ~olcnoSll

Socket 478 Motherboard 3d~:9mGCD? 3d0y~:~ DDR ~.G~I RDRAM ~.G~ =?@: ~:601cnoSll Gcpa§yt: RDRAM ~.~~:GJ:)':) Motherboard GOd 3dJ:)~oaa§C\Y.)§t: a~GCD?Olll RDRAM 4.~~:GJ:)':) Socket 478 Motherboard ~:O':)':) GC!lI:*~:~:C\fJ:)~1 RDRAM

'" C3i! 1 C' C' -, r:::::. -, ,.9. C' Q -, r,:C' C' 0 '" 0 0 • C'

a_-:J:O':)':)(\) GC!lI:1::3: C\j10 I coco II 0(~<Y.(Jcy? GSGe3:~. \}t'm~O? 3d~~H:o((\) 6)~~. :>..(:6)0'Y.) 3dWC

;;!solenoSll CJt: Motherboard ~:O':)':) 3dq)a§3d~:c.U ~~:C\j101cnoSll RDRAM ~:q. GC!lI:*~:O':)':) DDR RAM ~:q. GC!lI:5t~:(X)a§ (J)wB:01cnoSll

3dyG~':)a§y~: DDR Memory q. Speed 0':)':) 266,333, 400 MHz03~C\Y.)B:' G~:*~:c.U 51J:)':)~. ~:6)(J.l':) Y3dwtG§olcnoSll DDR Motherboard ~:J:)':) GC!lI:02a§~ <Y.(JHo1GCD?enoSll 2d'?oi?6[~ DDR-2 Memory ~:c.Uoaa§~C\Y.)B: Speed J:)~ 533MHz ~olenoSll

Socket 423 3d~ :§lo? Pentium 4 CPU q. Code Name 0':)':) Willamette §~01 enoS II Speed m 1.3 ~ 2.0GHz 03 ~olcnoSll Bus Speed m 400MHz §~@:I Core Voltage m 1.7V §~olcnoSll

Socket-478 CPU ~:07 Code Name §~ ~6)~ 3d(X)~01 3do7t: (\,)~l: G06.6)olcnoSll Willamette J:)~ Speed 1.4GHz ~ 00YJ 1.8GHz o3~olcnoSll Core Voltage!r:p 1.75V §~B: Bus Speed !r:p 400MHz @~enoS II

Northwood CPU ~:J:)~ A ol6)t 1.8A~. 2.0A, B 016)8 2.4B, 2.66, 2.8607. ~6(j1enoSll 3d~:§lGJ:)':)Core Voltage!r:p 1. 525V §~@: Bus Speed co A 01 6)~ 400MHz,

*** Hardware"

, .

,~: .

B ul616 533MHz 07. ~6ulO')uSll C ul616 800M Hz §~ulO')uSll C u1o? CPU G<Y6m Hyper Threading o? Support or6u10')uSil

Prescott CPU ~:::D~ 2.4A rr ~O')t(Y)') 3.2EGHz a3~@: Core Voltage "p l.4V §~ulO')uSll A ul616 Bus Speed 533MHz §~@: E ulqt 800MHz 07. §~ulOJoSll

Socket 478 Celeron CPU ~:§~618 Willamette~. Northwood o7.::D~ External Cache Memory 128KB ::D'J ulo6@:, Bus Speed "p 400MHz §~ulO')oSll Prescott Celeron ~'l~ External Cache Memory 256KB 01 OS~:I Bus Speed r:> 533MHz §~olO?0311 Core Voltage "p Prescott §~~ 1.4V ~ulO')uSll CPU Speed "p 2.13GHz, 2.26GHz, 2.4GHz, 2.5GHz, 2.66GHz, 2.8GHz 07. §~ulOJoSll

@UY.):~- J Pentium 4 Classic and Celeron Specification

No. Code Core Speed External BUS
Name Voltage Cache Speed
(V) (MHz)
Socket 423
1. Willamette 1.7 1.3-2.0GHz 256KB 400
Socket 478
2. Willamette 1.75 1.4-1.8GHz 256KB 400
3. Northwood 1.525 1.8A, 2.0AGHz 512KB 400
4. Northwood 1.525 2.4B-2.8B 512KB 533
5. Northwood 1.525 2.4C-2.8C 512KB 800
6. Prescott 1.4 2.4A-2.8A 1MB 533
7. Prescott 1.4 3.0E, 3.4E 1MB 800
Celeron
8. Willamette 1.75 1.7, 1.8GHz 128KB 400
9. Northwood 1.525 2.0-2.8GHz 128KB 400
10. Prescott 1.4 2.13-2.8GHz 256KB 533 3d(X)~ul @OY.):~- J rr Socket 423066 Willamette OJ~~l:OJ~:::D'J ~ulO')uSll '16:

Socket 423 CPU Speed ~:lJY.) 1.3 rr 1.8GHz a3 ~ulO')uSll CPU OJ~y~.OJ~y§: 100MHz as ~:(p:ulOJuSll 3JG§~ 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0GHz 07. ~6ulOJuSll

Socket 478 mGoy? Code Name (~) ~l: ~ulOJuSll Willamette, Northwood, Prescott 07. §~6ulOJuSlI' Socket 478 Willamette <&)~ Speed ~:"p 1.4, 1.5r 1.6, 1.7, 1.807. §oS§ulOJoSll

Northwood GP~OJoS~Jl:<&)~ Speed "j'J 2.4BGHz, 2.6BGHz, 2.8BGHz 01. §~6ulOJuSll

Northwood G~'J~OJ~~tlt:&l~ Speed eo 2.4C, 2.6C, 2.8CGHz 07. §~6ulOJuSll

o

{per

lAV

mal :ott ~Hz

iHz,

c

s=

1Hz

od, l.7,

o

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CPU Code Name G",:>03~ :()')~~Jl:m =-=s::= §Sol ()')OS II Prescott rom ooo~()')£'~l:m :_.:.!. .. 2.8AGHz 07. §~§ol()')oS"

Prescott i d3OJ()')~~Jt:®~ Speed 078':> :_:~ 3.2E, 3AEGHz 07. §~§ol()')oSll

Socket 423, 478 CPU 3d~:I\'()Y) Ex.= .al Cache Memory (Level 2 Cache) 256KB, :-5 Speed 400 MHz 07. ~§ol()')oSll Socket ~ 03~ CPU Speed 2GHz oodJ CoS~:1 CPU Vccel ~. Speed ro03~ A olC\Y.)olm L2 Cache :.::3 (J)<;O§~C\Y.)~: 512 KB 0111

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Intel

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~ 3145A278 ,;: I

... Intel' 01 :

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~,,-<; 03~ Pentium 4 Socket 478 Speed 't'J 1.5GHz §~[g:1 External Cache Memory 't'J 256KB Bus Speed 't'J 400MHz §~ol()')oSll 3d~:@lGJ.)'J Voltage't'J 1.75 §~ol()')oSll S~: Pentium 4 Speed 1.5GHz ®~ Code Name 't'J Willamette §~ol()')oSll

80 * * * Hardware

v Intel'01 Pentium 4 1.8AGHzJ5121400 SL6SN PHILIPPINES ~ 7213A578

y~-~ P4-1.8GHz Socket-478

~,,-~ O6~ Pentium-4 Socket 478 Speed "p 1.8GHz d? Gcra.qol8uSII C;~: 1.8A 3d~l:3d0'.):~) Code Name Northwood §cEol muS II "A" 3d~l:3d0'.): §cE~ External Cache Memory '70 Willamette CPU ''l.P:0003 (J)Q:)§cE~: 512KB ol~olmuSll Bus Speed "p 400MHz ::D0§cE~: C;~:3d~:[iG::D0 Voltage"P 1. 525V §cEol muSll Cache Memory 512KB olo~~ 3d~:@lq::D~"P @~Q:)~'7l ~olmuSll 3dmuS~ Pentium-4 Speed 1.8A 8U?~:n 1.8GHz ::D0~cEolm C;~:~) Code Name "p Willamette ~. GeT 01 muS II

q ,,-G O6~ Pentium-4 Socket 478 Speed 2.8GHz CPU d? Gcra.qol8uSII C;~: 2.8A 3d~l:3d0'.):~) External Cache Memory "p 1MB olo~oloouSll Pentium- 4 Speed 2.4 '7Q)~ CPU Model 068 "A" 01C\Y)q8 Cache Memory 1MB §cEG~8: "j1~:@~: §cEol muS II Cache Memory (J)Q:)"l.P:c\y)::D~::D08m Bus Speed "PCD~: 533MHz d3 "l.P:CD001oouSll C;~: Pentium-4 Speed 2.4A ~~. Prescott CPU 3d0:01 :~) Voltage 'j0 l.4V §cEoloouSu

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Pentium 4 Celeron "lp:06~ CD~: External Cache Memory 128KB::D0 ol~oloouSll BUS Speed "p 400MHz E3cE~: 3d~:@lG::D0 Voltage"P 1.75VoltE3cEoloouSu Intel Celeron::D~ Pentium 4 Classic "l.P:Gc\y)~ @~Q:)~§~:

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Chapter 3 . • . Central Prtcessing Unit Part-ll 81

• c P t' 4 C I D 0 0 c:r,: 1 c c c

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O'J~~::>.:>03§l'1'r:> Pentium 4 'tr:Gl1~ Socket GuT 06~ 3d'tr:3d':):§~ I-lPGA- 4788 ~::>':>0 G'1:cx)0:OY.l~ G06.'1'P §~01O'J0511 478A ~. 478C 9. Gq:co':):OY.lo? C-~.qr,p 8lY(~01Ila'?3d@1 ~~: Socket olo~G::A)':) Motherboard ::A)~ Bus Speed 8~!tI03 :-.:xh@tbJcD:>3q~ 3dGq:ES:ol())oSlI Motherboard ooSQ)2m ol(\)':)G:).)') Motherboard Manual

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Pentium-4 BUS Speed 1-9 Multiplier~:

Pentium-4 ~1 Bus Speed::A)~ 400MHz ~G::A)-S(\)~: 3d'itO)moS06~~ Bus Speed 100MHz:).)') ~ol())oSli ~.G:d., Data3dy'3do.;?ar6Gp06~ Quad Pump§~ y'Go:§~:§~~ Speed 400MHz 03 ())~(\)':)ol 0) oS II ~. G::>':>-?' CPU Internal Clock Speed o? 06~0('1~ Bus Speed 400 '.06~'10'Y.) ~or0503 100MHz '.::>':>0 06~'10'Y.)~ :).)o3§loll1

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d?3d0f( Quad Bus Speed 533(133 X 4) MHz <i?q~ Bus Speed r,p 133MHz

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CPU = Bus Speed X Multiplier
~ Pentium-4 1700 = 100 X 17
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=
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82 * * * Hardware

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Socket LGA 775

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Chapter 3 • Centralfrocessing yfiit.Part-1i 83

LGA 775 CPU Speed

Cache memory Bus speed

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2.B, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6 GHz 1024 KB

BOn MHz

1.4V

Code Name Prescott

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Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Pentium 4

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530 3.0 GHz/ 1024 KB/ BOO MHz/ 1.4V

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..

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84 * * * Hardware

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