FracproPT 2007

Hydraulic Fracture Analysis

Date: Wednesday, March 01, 2017
Well Name: Sawyer 144A No. 5
Location: Sutton County, Texas
Formation: Middle and Upper Canyon Sands
Job Date:
Filename: Minifrac-closure&frictionOK

Table 1: Fracture Geometry Summary*

Fracture Half-Length (ft) 0 Propped Half-Length (ft) 0
Total Fracture Height (ft) 0 Total Propped Height (ft) 0
Depth to Fracture Top (ft) 6136 Depth to Propped Fracture Top (ft) 6136
Depth to Fracture Bottom (ft) 6136 Depth to Propped Fracture Bottom (ft) 6136
Equivalent Number of Multiple Fracs 1.0 Max. Fracture Width (in) 0.01
Fracture Slurry Efficiency** 0.00 Avg. Fracture Width (in) 0.01
Avg. Proppant Concentration (lb/ft) 0.00
* All values reported are for the entire fracture system at a model time of 359.95 min (middle of Stage 5 Shut-in after Minifrac)
** Value is reported for the end of the last pumping stage (Stage 4, Minifrac)

Table 2: Fracture Conductivity Summary*

Avg. Conductivity** (mDft) 0.0 Avg. Frac Width (Closed on prop) (in) 0.000
Dimensionless Conductivity** 0.00 Ref. Formation Permeability (mD) 0.01
Proppant Damage Factor 0.50 Undamaged Prop Perm at Stress (mD) 0
Apparent Damage Factor*** 0.00 Prop Perm with Prop Damage (mD) 0
Total Damage Factor 0.50 Prop Perm with Total Damage (mD) 0
Effective Propped Length (ft) 0 Proppant Embedment (in) 0.000
* All values reported are for the entire fracture system. Actual conductivity could be lower if equivalent multiple fractures have been
modeled
** Total Damage Factor and Proppant Embedment have been applied
*** Apparent Damage due to non-Darcy and multi-phase flow

Table 3: Fracture Pressure Summary*

Model Net Pressure** (psi) 0 BH Fracture Closure Stress (psi) 4334
Observed Net Pressure** (psi) 2171828 Closure Stress Gradient (psi/ft) 0.706
Hydrostatic Head*** (psi) 7691 Avg. Surface Pressure (psi) 0
Reservoir Pressure (psi) 2010 Max. Surface Pressure (psi) 0
* Averages and maxima reported for Main Frac stages
** Values reported for the end of the last pumping stage (Stage 4, Minifrac)
*** Value reported for clean fluid

Table 4: Operations Summary*

Total Clean Fluid Pumped (bbls) 40784180.0 Total Proppant Pumped (klbs) 0.0
Total Slurry Pumped (bbls) 40784180.0 Total Proppant in Fracture (klbs) 0.0
Pad Volume (bbls) 0.0 Avg. Hydraulic Horsepower (hp) 0
Pad Fraction (% of Slurry Vol)** 0.0 Max. Hydraulic Horsepower (hp) 0
Pad Fraction (% of Clean Vol)** 0.0 Avg Btm Slurry Rate (bpm) 0.0
Primary Fluid Type Primary Proppant Type
Secondary Fluid Type Secondary Proppant Type
* Averages and maxima reported for Main Frac stages Totals reported for all injections combined.
** Based on following volume ratio of stage types: Main frac pad / (Main frac pad + Main frac slurry), and excluding flush.

1 FracproPT 2007
 Clean Flow Rate (bpm) Viscosity (cp)
75.00 Surf Press [Csg] (psi) Dead String Press (psi) 150.0
4000 4000

60.00 120.0
3200 3200

45.00 90.0
2400 2400

30.00 60.0
1600 1600

15.00 30.0
800 800

0.00 0.0
0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 0
Time (min)
Figure 1 Measured Data for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Prop Conc (ppg) Observed Net (psi)

10.00 Net Pressure (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm) -1.0e+12
-1.0e+12 75.00

8.00 -8.5e+11
-8.5e+11 60.00

6.00 -6.4e+11
-6.4e+11 45.00

4.00 -4.2e+11
-4.2e+11 30.00

2.00 -2.1e+11
-2.1e+11 15.00

0.00 0.00e+00
0.00e+00 0.0 80.0 160.0 240.0 320.0 400.0 0.00
Time (min)
Figure 2 Pressure Match for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

2 FracproPT 2007
 Logs Layer Properties Concentration of Proppant in Fracture (lb/ft) Width Profile (in)
Rockt... Stres... Modu... Perm... TVD(ft) 100 200 300 400 500 0 TVD(ft)
5750 0 0.01
Shale

Sandst...

6000 6000 6000

Shale
Sandst...

6250 Shale 6250 6250

6500 6500 6500

Proppant Concentration (lb/ft)

0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.0

Figure 3 Fracture Profile with Logs and Layers for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

3 FracproPT 2007
Table 5: Model Calibration Summary
Crack Opening Coefficient 8.50e-01
Width Decoupling Coefficient 1.00e+00
Tip Effects Coefficient 1.00e-04
Tip Radius Fraction 1.00e-02
Tip Effects Scale Volume (bbls) 100.0
Proppant Drag Effect Exponent 10.0
CLE Outside Payzone 1.00
Multiple fractures settings start (V/L/O) 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Multiple fractures settings end (V/L/O) 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0

4 FracproPT 2007
Table 6: Hydraulic Fracture Growth History*
End of Stage Type Time Fracture Fracture Fracture Avg. Model Net Slurry Equivalent
Stage # (mm:ss) Half- Height Width at Fracture Pressure Efficiency Number of
Length (ft) Well Width (psi) Multifracs
(ft) (in) (in)
1 Water injection 3:53 0 0 0.010 0.006 0 0.00 1.0
2 Shut-in 56:59 0 0 0.010 0.006 0 0.00 1.0
3 Minifrac 82:50 0 0 0.010 0.006 0 0.00 1.0
4 Minifrac 86:35 0 0 0.010 0.006 0 0.00 1.0
5 Shut-in 447:09 0 0 0.010 0.006 0 0.00 1.0
* All values reported are for the entire farcture system and at the end of each stage

Table 7: Propped Fracture Properties by Distance from the Well at Fracture Center at Depth of 6136ft
Distance Fracture Conductivity Frac System Prop Conc per Frac System
from Well System per Frac** Conductivity*** Frac Prop Conc****
(ft) Width* (mDft) (mDft) (lb/ft) (lb/ft)
(in)
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
0.0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00
* Width values reported are for the entire fracture system.
** Fracture conductivity reported for total proppant damage of 0.50 and 0.000 in of proppant embedment.
*** Frac system conductivity reported for 1.0 equivalent multiple fractures with 100% considered conductive.
**** Frac system proppant concentration reported for 1.0 equivalent multiple fractures.

5 FracproPT 2007
Table 8: Proppant Distribution by Stage*
* All values reported are for the entire fracture system at a model time of 359.95 min

Table 9: Fluid Properties by Stage

* All values reported are for the entire fracture system at a model time of 359.95 min

6 FracproPT 2007
Table 10: Actual Treatment Schedule
Stage Stage Type Elapsed Fluid Clean Prop Stage Slurry Proppant
# Time Type Volume Conc Prop. Rate Type
min:sec (gal) (ppg) (klbs) (bpm)
Wellbore Fluid 2% KCL 4652
1 Water injection 6:38 2% KCL 3440 0.00 0.0 21.00
2 Shut-in 59:44 SHUT-IN 0 0.00 0.0 0.00
3 Minifrac 85:35 50# 18445 0.00 0.0 17.00
4 Minifrac 89:20 2% KCL 2678 0.00 0.0 17.00
5 Shut-in 449:54 SHUT-IN 0 0.00 0.0 0.00

Total Clean Fluid Pumped (bbls) 567.7 Actual proppant pumped (klbs) 0.0
Total Slurry Pumped (bbls) 40784180.0 Actual proppant in fracture (klbs) 0.0
Model run time (min) 360.0 Avg. Proppant Concentration (ppg) 0.00

7 FracproPT 2007
Table 11: Design Treatment Schedule
Stage Stage Type Elapsed Fluid Clean Prop Stage Slurry Proppant
# Time Type Volume Conc Prop. Rate Type
min:sec (gal) (ppg) (klbs) (bpm)
Wellbore Fluid SLICKWATER 4652
1 Main frac pad 25:40 40# 26000 0.00 0.0 27.00
2 Main frac slurry 28:26 40# 3000 1.00 3.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
3 Main frac slurry 30:50 40# 2500 2.00 5.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
4 Main frac slurry 34:51 40# 4000 3.00 12.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
5 Main frac slurry 38:29 40# 3500 4.00 14.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
6 Main frac slurry 43:21 40# 4500 5.00 22.5 27.00 Brady-20/40
7 Main frac slurry 47:50 40# 4000 6.00 24.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
8 Main frac slurry 52:29 40# 4000 7.00 28.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
9 Main frac slurry 54:17 40# 1500 8.00 12.0 27.00 Brady-20/40
10 Main frac flush 57:47 SLICKWATER 3969 0.00 0.0 27.00
11 Shut-in 97:47 SHUT-IN 0 0.00 0.0 0.00

Design clean volume (bbls) 1356.4 Design proppant pumped (klbs) 120.5
Design slurry volume (bbls) 1486.0

Design Schedule totals may not correspond to actual job totals.

8 FracproPT 2007
Table 12: Proppant and Fluid
Material Quantity Units Unit Cost Discnt Cost
($) (%) ($)
40# 1261.9 bbls 0.00 0.0 0.00
SLICKWATER 94.5 bbls 0.00 0.0 0.00
Brady-20/40 120.50 klbs 112.50 0.0 13556.25

Treatment Totals calculated from design schedule

Proppant and Fluid Subtotal: 13556.25 ($)

Total: 13556.25 ($)

9 FracproPT 2007
Table 13: Fluid Parameters
Fluid Name 2% KCL 50#
Vendor MISCELLANEOUS MISCELLANEOUS
System TUTORIAL TUTORIAL
Description 2% KCL WATER GUAR-GELLED CROSSLINKED FLUID
Initial Viscosity (cp) 0.958 87.15
Initial n' 1.000 0.430
Initial k' (lbfs^n/ft) 2.000e-05 0.034
Viscosity @ 4.0 hours (cp) 0.958 87.15
n' @ 4.0 hours 1.000 0.430
k' @ 4.0 hours (lbfs^n/ft) 2.000e-05 0.034
Base Fluid Specific Gravity 1.01 1.01
Spurt Loss (gal/ft) 0.0 0.0
Wall Building (ft/min) 0.0 0.003
Flowrate #1 (bpm) 10.00 10.00
Fric Press #1 (psi/1000 ft) 96.64 31.36
Flowrate #2 (bpm) 20.00 20.00
Fric Press #2 (psi/1000 ft) 335.1 69.62
Flowrate #3 (bpm) 40.00 40.00
Fric Press #3 (psi/1000 ft) 1161.7 154.6
Wellbore Friction Multiplier 1.000 1.000
All Fluid info is at a reservoir temperature of 170.0 (F)
All Viscosities at Shear Rate of 170 (1/sec)
Wellbore Friction pressures shown are the interpolated values multiplied by the Wellbore Friction Multiplier.

Friction is displayed for longest wellbore segment

10 FracproPT 2007
Table 14: Proppant Data
Proppant Name Brady-20/40
Proppant Type SAND
Proppant Coating None
Cost ($/lb) 0.112
Bulk Dens (lbm/ft) 100.00
Packed Porosity 0.396
Specific Gravity (sg) 2.65
Turbulence Coeff a 1.22
Turbulence Coeff b 0.350
Diameter (in) 0.023
Perm @ 0 psi (D) 320.000
Perm @ 2000 psi (D) 261.000
Perm @ 4000 psi (D) 153.000
Perm @ 6000 psi (D) 62.000
Perm @ 8000 psi (D) 33.000
Perm @ 10000 psi (D) 17.565
Perm @ 12000 psi (D) 9.349
Perm @ 14000 psi (D) 4.976
Perm @ 16000 psi (D) 2.649
Perm @ 18000 psi (D) 1.410
Perm @ 20000 psi (D) 0.750
* Permeability referenced at reservoir temperature of 170 F

11 FracproPT 2007
Table 15: Leakoff Parameters
Reservoir type User Spec Reservoir fluid compressibility (1/psi) 5.00e-04
Filtrate to pore fluid perm. ratio, Kp/Kl 10.00 Reservoir Viscosity (cp) 0.01
Reservoir pore pressure (psi) 2010 Porosity 0.08
Initial fracturing pressure (psi) 4750 Gas Leakoff Percentage (%) 100.00

Reservoir Parameters
Reservoir Temperature (F) 170.00
Depth to center of Perfs (ft) 6136
Perforated interval (ft) 100
Initial frac depth (ft) 6136

Table 16: Layer Parameters

Layer # Top of Stress Stress Top of Young's Poisson's Top of Total Ct Pore Fluid
zone (psi) Gradient zone modulus ratio zone (ft/min) Perm.
(ft) (psi/ft) (ft) (psi) (ft) (mD)
1 0.0 4184 0.735 0.0 5.0e+06 0.20 0.0 0.000e+00 0.00e+00
2 5695.0 4484 0.780 5918.0 5.0e+06 0.20 5917.0 6.569e-04 1.00e-02
3 5805.0 4734 0.808 6470.0 7.5e+06 0.22 6023.0 0.000e+00 0.00e+00
4 5917.0 4334 0.726 6060.0 6.569e-04 1.00e-02
5 6023.0 5034 0.833 6230.0 0.000e+00 0.00e+00
6 6060.0 4334 0.705
7 6230.0 4984 0.798
8 6255.0 5284 0.843
9 6277.0 4984 0.791
10 6325.0 5234 0.824
11 6375.0 5434 0.846
12 6470.0 5534 0.855

Table 17: Lithology Parameters

Layer # Top of Lithology Top of Fracture Top of Composite
zone zone Toughness zone Layering
(ft) (ft) (psiin) (ft) Effect
1 0.0 Shale 0.0 1500 0.0 1.00
2 5917.0 Sandstone 5918.0 1500 5917.0 1.00
3 6023.0 Shale 6470.0 1500 6023.0 1.00
4 6060.0 Sandstone 6060.0 1.00
5 6230.0 Shale 6230.0 1.00

12 FracproPT 2007
Table 18: Casing Configuration
Length Segment Type Casing ID Casing OD Weight Grade
(ft) (in) (in) (lb/ft)
6186 Cemented Casing 4.892 5.500 17.000 Unspec

Table 19: Surface Line and Tubing Configuration

Length Segment Type Tubing ID Tubing OD Weight Grade
(ft) (in) (in) (lb/ft)
5609 Tubing 1.995 2.375 4.700 Unspec
Total frac string volume (bbls) 110.8
Pumping down Annulus

Table 20: Perforated Intervals

Interval #1
Top of Perfs - TVD (ft) 6086
Bot of Perfs - TVD (ft) 6186
Top of Perfs - MD (ft) 6086
Bot of Perfs - MD (ft) 6186
Perforation Diameter (in) 0.330
# of Perforations 200

Table 21: Path Summary

Segment Length MD TVD Dev Ann OD Ann ID Pipe ID
Type (ft) (ft) (ft) (deg) (in) (in) (in)
Annulus 5609 5609 5609 0.0 4.892 2.375 0.000
Casing 477 6086 6086 0.0 0.000 0.000 4.892

Dead String Density 1.01

13 FracproPT 2007
Fluid Stage Sequence
--- 2% KCL
TVD, ft
#1 2% KCL 0
#3 50#
#4 2% KCL

1000

2000

3000

Current Values
Model time 360.0
Btm Pressure (psi) 4334
4000
Surface Pressure (psi) 2167813
Surface Slurry Rate (bpm) 0.0
Total Btm Slurry Rate (bpm) 0.0
Surface Prop Conc (ppg) 0.0
Btm Prop Conc (ppg) 0.0
Flushed to Depth (ft) 0.0
Depth to Top Perforation (ft) 6086
Current Flush Volume (bbls) 0.0 5000
Flush Volume (bbls) 110.8

6000

Figure 4 2D Schematic View for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

14 FracproPT 2007
Table 22: Near-Wellbore Friction & Perforation Friction
Time Flowrate Flowrate Near- Perforation Total Entry Perforation Perfs
(mm:ss) #1 #2 Wellbore Friction Friction Friction Effectively
(bpm) (bpm) Friction (psi) (psi) Multiplier Open
(psi)
60:00 20.00 0.00 0 4 4 1.00 200.00
90:00 20.00 0.00 60 4 64 1.00 200.00

Table 23: Closure Stress Summary Table

Plot Est. ISIP Surf Est. Closure Surf Fracture Dim'less Implied Est. Net
ISIP Gradient ISIP Closure Stress Closure Closure Fracture Slurry Pressure
(psi) (psi/ft) (psi) Pressure Gradient Pressure Time Closure Efficiency (psi)
(psi) (psi/ft) (psi) (min) Time (%)
Injection/Shut-in #1
SQRT Plot 4549 0.741 1871 4347 0.708 1670 3.51 0.90 38.229 202
G-Function Plot 4549 0.741 1871 4366 0.712 1688 3.15 0.81 36.241 184
Log-Log Plot 4549 0.741 1871 4342 0.708 1665 3.61 0.92 38.724 207
ISIP and Closure Pressure are determined from: Bottomhole Data

Table 24: Reservoir Pressure and Permeability Summary Table

Plot Est. Reservoir Est. Reservoir Est. Reservoir
Pressure Pressure Permeability
(psi) Gradient (mD)
(psi/ft)
Injection/Shut-in #1
Horner Plot 2515 0.410
Perm Analysis Plot 5.00e-02

15 FracproPT 2007
Table 25: Model Input Parameters
Fracture Model 3D Tip-Dominated Reservoir Data Entry General Multi-Scale
Run From Database Data Fracture Orientation Vertical
Proppant Transport Model Proppant Convection Run Fracture and Wellbore
Models
Growth after Shut-in Freeze Dimensions General Iteration
Backstress Ignore Heat Transfer Effects Model
Acid Fracturing Model FracproPT (Default) Leakoff Model Lumped-Parameter (Default)

Table 26: Fracture Growth Parameters (3D Tip-Dominated)

Parameter Value Default
Crack Opening Coefficient 8.50e-01 8.50e-01
Tip Effects Coefficient 1.00e-04 1.00e-04
Channel Flow Coefficient 1.00e+00 1.00e+00
Tip Radius Fraction 1.00e-02 1.00e-02
Tip Effects Scale Volume (bbls) 100.0 100.0
Fluid Radial Weighting Exponent 0.00e+00 0.00e+00
Width Decoupling Coefficient 1.00e+00 1.00e+00

Table 27: Proppant Model Parameters

Parameter Value Default
Minimum Proppant Concentration (lb/ft) 0.20 0.20
Minimum Proppant Diameter (in) 0.0080 0.0080
Minimum Detectable Proppant Concentration (ppg) 0.20 0.20
Proppant Drag Effect Exponent 10.0 8.0
Proppant Radial Weighting Exponent 0.2500 0.2500
Proppant Convection Coefficient 10.00 10.00
Proppant Settling Coefficient 1.00 1.00
Quadratic Backfill Model OFF ON
Tip Screen-Out Backfill Coefficient 0.50 0.50
Stop Model on Screenout ON ON
Reset Proppant in Fracture after Closure ON ON

Table 28: Low Level Parameters

Parameter Value Default
Perm. Contrast: Distance Effect 3.0 1.0
Perm. Contrast: Containment Effect 3.0 1.0
Perm. Contrast: Permeability Level 1.00 1.00
Perm. Contrast Model: FracproPT Default YES
Fluid <gel> Bulk Modulus (psi) 3.000e+06 3.000e+10
Proppant Bulk Modulus (psi) 3.000e+06 3.000e+06
Fluid (gel) Bulk Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (1/deg.F) 3.000e-04 3.000e-04
Effect of Proppant on Length Growth 1.00 1.00
Fraction of BRACKET FRAC Proppant that is INVERTA- 0.5 0.5
FRAC by Volume
Remember Position of Proppant Banks after closure on NO NO
Proppant
Allow Slippage NO NO
Reset Fluid Leakoff after Frac Closure NO NO
Minimum Volume Limit Value 0.20 0.20

16 FracproPT 2007
Center Shifting Option:
Fracture Always Stays Connected to Perfs X
Stages can Move from Perfs after Shut-in X
Fracture can Move from Perfs after Shut-in
Fracture can Move from Perfs at any Time
Stage Splitting Volume Threshold (bbls) 200.0 200.0
Stage Splitting Leakoff Compensation (bbls) 5.0 5.0

Table 29: Initial Leakoff and Closure

Parameter Value Default
Initial Leakoff Area Multiplier Coefficient 1.000 1.000
Initial Leakoff Area from Last Simulation (ft) 894.440 n/a
Closure Leakoff Area Multiplier Coefficient 0.025 0.025
Default Shut-in Model YES YES
Shut-in Tip Weighting Coefficient for Leakoff 1.00 1.00
Shut-in Tip Weighting Exponent for Leakoff 1.00 1.00
Minimum Shut-in Volume (bbls) 100.0 100.0
Model Proppant in Flow-back YES YES
Model Wall-building Viscosity Effect YES NO

Table 30: Miscellaneous Growth Parameters

Parameter Value Default
Set Minimum Fracture Height NO NO
Model Very Small Fractures NO NO
Model Head Effects in Fracture YES NO
Model Fracture Center Shifting NO NO
Near-Wellbore Friction Exponent 0.50 0.50

Table 31: Data Channels Used

Channel ID
THCS Surf Press [Csg]
DSPR Dead String Press
CLRT Clean Flow Rate
UF69 Viscosity
Database file: C:/Program Files (x86)/Pinnacle Technologies/FracproPT
2007/Tutorial/Fracture Analysis/minidata

17 FracproPT 2007
Fluid Library Data
Name : 2% KCL Vendor : MISCELLANEOUS System : TUTORIAL
Description : 2% KCL WATER

Table 32: Fluid Rheology Table

Temp Time n'(1) Time n'(2) Time K' Time K'
(F) (hr) (hr) (hr) (lbfs^n/ft) (hr) (lbfs^n/ft)
170 0.00 1.000 1.00 1.000 0.00 2.00e-05 1.00 2.00e-05

Table 33: Fluid Friction Table

Data for Tubing and Casing Data for Annuli
Case/T Q1 P1 Q2 P2 Q3 P3 Case Tube Q1 P1 Q2 P2 Q3 P3
ube ID ID OD
(in) (in) (in)
4.892 15.0 200.0 25.0 500.0 41.7 1250.0 3.100 4.892 15.0 200.0 25.0 500.0 41.7 1250.0

Q is in bpm P is in psi/1000 ft
Fluid Density 1.010000
Fluid Wall Building Coefficient (ft/min) 0.00e+00
Fluid Spurt Loss (gal/ft) 0.000000

18 FracproPT 2007
Fluid Library Data
Name : 50# Vendor : MISCELLANEOUS System : TUTORIAL
Description : GUAR-GELLED CROSSLINKED FLUID

Table 34: Fluid Rheology Table

Temp Time n'(1) Time n'(2) Time K' Time K'
(F) (hr) (hr) (hr) (lbfs^n/ft) (hr) (lbfs^n/ft)
170 0.00 0.430 1.00 0.430 0.00 3.40e-02 1.00 3.40e-02

Table 35: Fluid Friction Table

Data for Tubing and Casing Data for Annuli
Case/T Q1 P1 Q2 P2 Q3 P3 Case Tube Q1 P1 Q2 P2 Q3 P3
ube ID ID OD
(in) (in) (in)
4.892 15.0 50.0 25.0 90.0 41.7 162.0 3.100 4.892 15.0 50.0 25.0 90.0 41.7 162.0

Q is in bpm P is in psi/1000 ft
Fluid Density 1.010000
Fluid Wall Building Coefficient (ft/min) 0.00e+00
Fluid Spurt Loss (gal/ft) 0.000000

19 FracproPT 2007
Table 36: Rock Thermal Properties
Rock Type Sandstone Limestone Shale
Specific Gravity (sg) 2.65 2.72 2.60
Specific Heat* 0.260 0.210 0.200
Thermal 2.57 0.910 1.01
Conductivity**

Table 37: Fluid Thermal Properties

Fluid Name 2% KCL 50#
Specific Gravity (sg) 1.01 1.01
Specific Heat* 1.000 1.000
Thermal 0.320 0.320
Conductivity**

* Specific Heat is in Btu/lbF

** Thermal Conductivity is in Btu/fthrF

Parameters for Heat Transfer Model

Surface Fluid Temperature 70.00 (F)
Surface Proppant Temperature 70.00 (F)
Surface N2 Temperature 70.00 (F)
Surface CO2 Temperature 70.00 (F)
Surface Rock Temperature 70.00 (F)
Reservoir Temperature (F) 170 (F)
Wellbore Heat Transfer Multiplier 1.00
Fracture Heat Transfer Multiplier 1.00

20 FracproPT 2007
 Slurry Rate (bpm) Prop Conc (ppg)
50.00 Observed Net (psi) Net Pressure (psi) 25.00
750.0 750.0

40.00 20.00
600.0 600.0

30.00 15.00
450.0 450.0

20.00 10.00
300.0 300.0

10.00 5.00
150.0 150.0

0.00 0.00
0.0 0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 5 Pressure Match B/D for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Slurry Rate (bpm) Prop Conc (ppg)

50.00 Observed Net (psi) Net Pressure (psi) 25.00
750.0 750.0

40.00 20.00
600.0 600.0

30.00 15.00
450.0 450.0

20.00 10.00
300.0 300.0

10.00 5.00
150.0 150.0

0.00 0.00
0.0 0.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 240.0 300.0 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 6 Pressure Match B/D and Minifrac for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

21 FracproPT 2007
 Width at Perfs (in)
1.000 Frac Length (ft) Total Frac Ht. (ft)
500.0
500.0

0.800
400.0 400.0

0.600 300.0
300.0

0.400
200.0
200.0

0.200
100.0 100.0

0.000
0.0
0.0 0.0 40.0 80.0 120.0 160.0 200.0
Time (min)
Figure 7 Fracture Dimensions for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Prop Conc (lb/ft) Dim'ls Cond Ratio

10.00 Prop Length (ft) Total Prop Ht. (ft) 1000
500.0 500.0

8.00 800
400.0 400.0

6.00 600
300.0 300.0

4.00 400
200.0 200.0

2.00 200
100.0 100.0

0.00 0
0.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 8 Propped Dimensions for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

22 FracproPT 2007
 NearWbore Fric (psi)
Wbore Friction (psi) Perf Friction (psi)
500.0 Surf Pressure (psi) Total Friction (psi)
5000 500.0
500.0
5000

400.0
4000 400.0
400.0
4000

300.0 300.0
3000
3000 300.0

200.0
200.0
2000 200.0
2000

100.0
1000 100.0
100.0
1000

0.0 0.0
0
0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 9 Friction Pressures for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

n' vs Time
1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000
0.000 0.800 1.600 2.400 3.200 4.000
Time (hr)
Figure 10 Fluid n' vs. Time for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

23 FracproPT 2007
 K' vs Time (lbfs^n/ft)
0.0

0.0
0.000 0.800 1.600 2.400 3.200 4.000
Time (hr)
Figure 11 Fluid K' vs. Time for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Visc vs Time (cp)

20.00

16.00

12.00

8.00

4.00

0.00
0.000 0.800 1.600 2.400 3.200 4.000
Time (hr)
Figure 12 Fluid Viscosity vs. Time - SLICKWATER for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main
Fracture Design,

24 FracproPT 2007
 Wellbore Friction (psi/1000 ft)
1000

100

10

1
1.000 10.00 100.0
Pumping Rate (bpm)
Figure 13 Fluid Friction vs. Flowrate for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Clean Flow Rate (bpm)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
Time (days)
Figure 14 Prod. Analysis Production for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

25 FracproPT 2007
Figure 15 Prod. Analysis Pressure for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Figure 16 Prod. Analysis Economics for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

26 FracproPT 2007
Figure 17 Economic Optim. Economics for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

Figure 18 Economic Optim. Dimensions for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

27 FracproPT 2007
 Frac Upper Ht (ft) Width at Perfs (in)
100.0 Frac Length (ft) Frac Lower Ht (ft) 1.000
100.0 100.0

80.0 0.800
80.0 80.0

60.0 0.600
60.0 60.0

40.0 0.400
40.0 40.0

20.0 0.200
20.0 20.0

0.0 0.000
0.0 0.0 80.0 160.0 240.0 320.0 400.0 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 19 Fracture Dimensions for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Prop Upper Ht (ft) Prop Conc (lb/ft)

100.0 Prop Length (ft) Prop Lower Ht (ft) 1.000
100.0 100.0

80.0 0.800
80.0 80.0

60.0 0.600
60.0 60.0

40.0 0.400
40.0 40.0

20.0 0.200
20.0 20.0

0.0 0.000
0.0 0.0 80.0 160.0 240.0 320.0 400.0 0.0
Time (min)
Figure 20 Propped Dimensions for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

28 FracproPT 2007
 Prop Conc (ppg) Observed Net (psi)
10.00 Net Pressure (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm) -1.0e+12
-1.0e+12 75.00

8.00 -8.5e+11
-8.5e+11 60.00

6.00 -6.4e+11
-6.4e+11 45.00

4.00 -4.2e+11
-4.2e+11 30.00

2.00 -2.1e+11
-2.1e+11 15.00

0.00 0.00e+00
0.00e+00 0.0 80.0 160.0 240.0 320.0 400.0 0.00
Time (min)
Figure 21 Pressure Match for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Clean Flow Rate (bpm) Viscosity (cp)

75.00 Surf Press [Csg] (psi) Dead String Press (psi) 150.0
4000 4000

60.00 120.0
3200 3200

45.00 90.0
2400 2400

30.00 60.0
1600 1600

15.00 30.0
800 800

0.00 0.0
0 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 0
Time (min)
Figure 22 Measured Data for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

29 FracproPT 2007
 Meas'd Btmh (psi) Clean Flow Rate (bpm)
5500 75.00
1:Start Water injection (2.8 min)
2:Stop Water injection (6.6 min)
3:End of Shut-in (21.0 min)

4400 Total injection test volume: 40784228.0 bbls 60.00

Average slurry rate: 10457521.0 bpm

3300 45.00

2200 30.00

1100 15.00

0 0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Time (min)
Figure 23 Minifrac Inj #1 - Injection Summary for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

Meas'd Btmh (psi) Clean Flow Rate (bpm)

6500 75.00
BH ISIP: 4549 psi
ISIP Gradient: 0.741 psi/ft
Surf ISIP: 1871 psi
Shut-in Time: 6.6 min
6000 60.00

5500 45.00

5000 30.00

4500 15.00

4000 0.00
4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000
Time (min)
Figure 24 Minifrac Inj #1 - ISIP Plot for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

30 FracproPT 2007
 Implied Slurry Efficiency (%)
100.0 Meas'd Btmh (psi) (d/dt) Dead String Press (psi)
0
5500
BH Closure Stress: 4347 psi
Closure Stress Gradient: 0.708 psi/ft
Surf Closure Pressure: 1670 psi
Closure Time: 3.5 min
80.0
5000 Pump Time: 3.9 min -200
Implied Slurry Efficiency: 38.2 %
Estimated Net Pressure: 202 psi

60.0 -400
4500

40.0
-600
4000

20.0
3500 -800

0.0
-1000
30000.0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0
Time (min)
Figure 25 Minifrac Inj #1 - SQRT Plot for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

(Gd/dG) Dead String Press (psi) Implied Slurry Efficiency (%)

2000 Meas'd Btmh (psi) (d/dG) Dead String Press (psi) 100.0
6000 500.0
BH Closure Stress: 4366 psi
Closure Stress Gradient: 0.712 psi/ft
Surf Closure Pressure: 1688 psi
Closure Time: 3.2 min
1600 80.0
Pump Time: 3.9 min
5500 400.0
Implied Slurry Efficiency: 36.2 %
Estimated Net Pressure: 184 psi

1200 60.0
5000 300.0

800 40.0
4500 200.0

400 20.0
4000 100.0

0 0.0
3500 0.000 0.720 1.440 2.160 2.880 3.600 0.0
G Function Time
Figure 26 Minifrac Inj #1 - G-Function Plot for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

31 FracproPT 2007
 Implied Slurry Efficiency (%)
100 Delta Pressure (psi) (Td/dt) Delta Pressure (psi)
10000
10000
BH Closure Stress: 4342 psi
Closure Stress Gradient: 0.708 psi/ft
Surf Closure Pressure: 1665 psi
Closure Time: 3.6 min
Pump Time: 3.9 min
Implied Slurry Efficiency: 38.7 %
Estimated Net Pressure: 207 psi
10
1000 1000

1 100
100

0.1
10
10 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.00
Time (min)
Figure 27 Minifrac Inj #1 - Log-Log Plot for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture
Design,

Meas'd Btmh (psi)

5500
Lower Limit for BH Closure Stress: 3893 psi
Lower Limit for Closure Stress Gradient: 0.634 psi/ft
Lower Limit for Surf Closure Pressure: 1218 psi
Estimated Reservoir Pressure: 2515 psi
4900

4300

3700

3100

2500
1.0 10.0
Horner Time
Figure 28 Minifrac Inj #1 - Horner Plot for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

32 FracproPT 2007
 Prop Perm (D)
360.0

288.0

216.0

144.0

72.0

0.0
0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000
Effective Stress on Prop (psi)
Figure 29 Permeability vs Stress for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Prop Cond (mDft)

3600

2880

2160

1440

720

0
0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000
Effective Stress on Prop (psi)
Figure 30 Conductivity vs Stress for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

33 FracproPT 2007
 Prop Width (in)
0.300

0.240

0.180

0.120

0.060

0.000
0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000
Effective Stress on Prop (psi)
Figure 31 Width vs Stress for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

Beta Factor
0.600

0.480

0.360

0.240

0.120

0.000
0 4200 8400 12600 16800 21000
Effective Stress on Prop (psi)
Figure 32 Beta Factor vs Stress for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

34 FracproPT 2007
 Weight (%)
0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000
0.0 22.0 44.0 66.0 88.0 110.0
Sieve
Figure 33 Proppant Sieve Distribution for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Logs Layer Properties Concentration of Proppant in Fracture (lb/ft) Width Profile (in)
Rockt... Stres... Modu... Perm... TVD(ft) 100 200 300 400 500 0 TVD(ft)
5750 0 0.01
Shale

Sandst...

6000 6000 6000

Shale
Sandst...

6250 Shale 6250 6250

6500 6500 6500

Proppant Concentration (lb/ft)

0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.0

Figure 34 Fracture Profile with Logs and Layers for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main
Fracture Design,

35 FracproPT 2007
 Width Profile (in) Concentration of Proppant in Fracture (lb/ft)
0.25 0 0.25 TVD(ft) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Fracture Length (ft) 0.0
Propped Length (ft) 0.0
Total Fracture Height (ft) 0.0
Total Propped Height (ft) 0.0
Fracture Top Depth (ft) 6136.0
Fracture Bottom Depth (ft) 6136.0
Average Fracture Width (in) 0.006
Average Proppant Concentration (lb/ft) 0.00
Equivalent number of multiple fractures 1.0
6000 Dimensionless Conductivity 0.000

6250

6500
Proppant Concentration (lb/ft)

0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0

Figure 35 Stage Profile for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Width Profile (in) Concentration of Proppant in Fracture (lb/ft) Layer Properties
TVD(ft) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Ro... Str...
TVD(ft)
Fracture Length (ft) 0.0 Shale
Shale
Propped Length (ft) 0.0
Total Fracture Height (ft) 0.0
Total Propped Height (ft) 0.0

Sand...
Sand...

6000 6000
Shale
Shale
Sand...
Sand...

6250 Shale
Shale 6250

6500 6500
Proppant Concentration (lb/ft)

0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0

Figure 36 Fracture Profile for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

36 FracproPT 2007
 Layer Properties
Rocktype Stress (psi) Modulus (psi) Poisson's Ratio Permeability (... Leakoff Coeffic... Toughness (ps... Composite Lay...
2000 10000 5e+006 1e+007 0.2 0.5 0 0.01 0 0.001 1000 2000 0 2 MD(ft) TVD(ft)
Shale
5800 5800

5900 5900
Sandstone
Sandstone

6000 6000
Shale

Sandstone
Sandstone
6100 6100

6200 6200

Shale

6300 6300

6400 6400

Figure 37 Layer Properties for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Layer Properties Width Profile (in)
Rocktype Stress (psi) Modulus (psi) Poisson's Rat... Permeability (... Composite La... 0.25 0 0.25 TVD(ft)
TVD(ft) 2000 10000 0.2 0.5 0 0.01 0 2
Shale
5800 5800

5900 5900
Sandstone

6000 6000
Shale

Sandstone
6100 6100

6200 6200

Shale

6300 6300

6400 6400

Figure 38 Width Profile for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

37 FracproPT 2007
... Fluid Stage Sequence
Current
--- 2% KCL Values
... #1 2% KCL
Model time 360.0
#3 50#
Btm Pressure (psi) 4334
#4 2% KCL
Surface Pressure (psi) 2167813
Surface Slurry Rate (bpm) 0.0
Total Btm Slurry Rate (bpm) 0.0
Surface Prop Conc (ppg) 0.0
Btm Prop Conc (ppg) 0.0
Flushed to Depth (ft) 0.0
Depth to Top Perforation (ft) 6086
Current Flush Volume (bbls) 0.0
Flush Volume (bbls) 110.8

MD

Figure 39 1D Schematic View for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Proppant Permeability
Brady-20/40
160

155

150

145

140 137.809

135

130

125

120

115

110

105

100

95
P e rm e a b ility (D )

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Brady-20/40

Proppant Name

Figure 40 Proppant Permeability for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

38 FracproPT 2007
 Proppant Conductivity
Brady-20/40
1600

1550

1500

1450

1400 1378.09

1350

1300

1250

1200

1150

1100

1050

1000
C o n d u ctiv ity (m D ft)

950

900

850

800

750

700

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
Brady-20/40

Proppant Name

Figure 41 Proppant Conductivity for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Proppant Beta Factor
Brady-20/40
0.00100

0.00095

0.00090
0.000859
0.00085

0.00080

0.00075

0.00070

0.00065

0.00060
B e ta F a cto r

0.00055

0.00050

0.00045

0.00040

0.00035

0.00030

0.00025

0.00020

0.00015

0.00010

0.00005

0.00000
Brady-20/40

Proppant Name

Figure 42 Proppant Beta Factor for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

39 FracproPT 2007
 Clean Volume
Design Clean Volume Actual Clean Volume
30000
Current Stage 5
29000 Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
28000 Stage Clean Volume Pumped 4.8 gal Remaining 0.0 gal
No Data
27000 Total Clean Volume Pumped 23844.4 gal Remaining 718.1 gal
26000.0
26000

25000

24000

23000

22000

21000

20000

19000
18057.0
C le a n V olu m e (g a l)

18000

17000

16000

15000

14000

13000

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000 4500.0
4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 3969.0
4000 3500.0
3000.0 3207.0
3000 2575.6 2500.0

2000 1500.0

1000
0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 43 Clean Volume for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Slurry Volume
Design Slurry Volume Actual Slurry Volume
30000
Current Stage 5
29000 Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
28000 Stage Slurry Volume Pumped 4.8 gal Remaining 0.0 gal
No Data
27000 Total Slurry Volume Pumped 23844.4 gal Remaining 718.1 gal
26000.0
26000

25000

24000

23000

22000

21000

20000

19000
18057.0
S lu rry V olu m e (g a l)

18000

17000

16000

15000

14000

13000

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000 5516.7
5084.4 5265.2
5000 4542.2
4132.6 3969.0
4000
3135.6 3207.0
2575.6 2725.9
3000
2042.2
2000

1000
0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 44 Slurry Volume for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

40 FracproPT 2007
 Stage Proppant
Design Stage Proppant Actual Stage Proppant
40
Current Stage 5
Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
38 Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
Stage Proppant Pumped 0.00 klbs Remaining 0.00 klbs
No Data
36 Total Proppant Pumped Pumped 0.00 klbs Remaining 0.00 klbs
No Data

34

32

30

28.00
28

26
S ta g e P ro p p a n t (k lb s)

24.00
24
22.50
22

20

18

16

14.00
14

12.00 12.00
12

10

6
5.00

4
3.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 45 Stage Proppant for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Stage N2
Design Stage N2 Actual Stage N2
100
Current Stage 5
Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
95 Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
Stage N2 Pumped 0 scf Remaining 0 scf
No Data
90 Total N2 Pumped 0 scf Remaining 0 scf
No Data

85

80

75

70

65

60
S ta g e N 2 (scf)

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 46 Stage N2 for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

41 FracproPT 2007
 Stage CO2
Design Stage CO2 Actual Stage CO2
100
Current Stage 5
Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
95 Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
Stage CO2 Pumped 0.0 klbs Remaining 0.0 klbs
No Data
90 Total CO2 Pumped 0.0 klbs Remaining 0.0 klbs
No Data

85

80

75

70

65
S ta g e C O 2 (klb s)

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 47 Stage CO2 for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,
Stage Time
Design Stage Time Actual Stage Time
300
Current Stage 5
290 Stage Type Shut-in
Design Rate and Fluid 0 bpm Shut-in
Design Conc and Proppant 0.00 ppg
280 Stage Time Pumped 270.62 min Remaining 89.95 min
270.62
270 Total Time Pumped 357.20 min Remaining 89.95 min

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180
S ta g e Tim e (m in )

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60 53.10
50
40.00
40

30 25.83
22.93
20

10 3.90 2.77 4.01 3.75 3.64 4.86 4.48 4.64 3.50

2.40 1.80
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Stage #

Figure 48 Stage Time for FRACTURE SIMULATION TUTORIAL, Main Fracture Design,

42 FracproPT 2007