Nama: Herlisya Diana

Kelas : 2 KI A

NIM : 061540421602

Similarities and Differences Between Carboxylic Acid and Esters

Carboxylic acids and esters are organic molecules with the group COO. it defines
that One oxygen atom is bonded to carbon with a double bond, and the other oxygen is
bonded with a single bond. Carboxylic acid, likewise esters, has three atoms are connected to
the carbon atom and it has a trigonal planar geometry around it. Carboxylic acid and esters
are alike in their carbon atom which is sp2 hybridized. Carboxyl group is a widely occurring
functional group in chemistry and bio chemistry, and so is esters. This group is the parent of
related family of compounds known as acyl compounds. Acyl compounds are also known as
carboxylic acid derivatives. Ester is a carboxylic acid derivative like that. Thus, both of them
are acyl. Not only that, carboxylic acid is the polar compound and the esters are also.

By recognising the formula group between them, hence we know about their
typically differences. Here they are :

Carboxylic acid

Esters
 Carboxylic acid has the functional group COOH, while esters have a general
formula of RCOOR. Esters are made by the reaction between a carboxylic acid with an
alcohol, whereas the carboxylic acid is formed by the reaction between an alcohol and an
aldehyde. Because of the OH group, they can form strong hydrogen bonds with each other,
and with water. As a result, carboxylic acids have high boiling points;however esters have a
lower boiling points because they dont have the capability to form strong hydrogen bond
each other.

According to the IUPAC name for carboxylic acid , they have common names, but
the name that follows esters derived from the acid part is written with the ending ate or
oate. Often esters have a pleasant smell, which is responsible for producing the characteristic
smells of fruits, flowers, etc. On the other hand, the carboxylic acid with various group of
straight carbon chain, branched chain, aromatic group, etc.

Further, between the carboxylic acid and esters are the compunds which can be
found in laboratory and they are usable for working in industry and experiment.
Nama : Trisna Dewi
Nim : 061540421612
Kelas : 2KIA

Similarities and Differences Between Alcohol and Ether

Alcohol and ether are similar because they are functional isomers with general
formula CnH2n+2O. Alcohol, likewise ether, are relatively unreactive and as a result they are
useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons There
are important differences between both the physical and chemical properties of alcohols and
ethers.

Alcohols are hydrocarbon chains with an OH group replacing an H atom, while

Ethers are derived from alkanes by replacing a H atom for a alkoxyl group (-OR). Alcohol
and ether are dissimilar Because hydrogen bonds can't form between the molecules in the
ether so that the boiling point of this compound is more than 80C lower than the
corresponding alcohol. Unlike alcohols, ethers are essentially inert to chemical reactions.

The shapes of these molecules are remarkably similar, as shown in the figure below.

Alcohol and ether are dissimilar because there are no hydrogen bonds to organize the
structure of the liquid, while the ether is significantly less dense than the corresponding
alcohol. Alcohols (ROH) can be thought of as derivatives of water in which one of the
hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an alkyl group. If both of the hydrogen atoms are
replaced by alkyl groups, we get an ether (ROR).