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Some phrases that can be used for both speaking and writing.

1.Greet (speaking only)


A very good morning/afternoon I bid to the most respected examiners and
fellow candidates.
A very good morning/afternoon to all.

2. Introduction: (Speaking/Writing)
It is often said that...
Many people claim that..
In this day and age of (topic)..
We live in an age where many of us...
(Topic) is a hotly-debated topic that often divides opinion.
(Topic) is often discussed yet rarely understood.
It goes without saying that (topic) is one of the most important issues facing
us today.
The following essay examines both sides of the coin, its advantages as well as
disadvantages.
In this essay, I will focus on ___________, ___________ and __________.
There are many facets to this issue, namely ________, ________ and
__________.

3. Expressing Opinion:
In my opinion,../From my point of view,../From my perspective,../Personally
speaking,../In my humble opinion,../If I may be so bold as to state that../
As far as I am concerned, I truly/totally/absolutely/completely/wholly
agree/disagree/think/believe/feel/consider that...
I agree that../I am in agreement with this issue../I concur that...
I disagree that../I am in disagreement with this issue because../I beg to differ
that..
I can consider that../consider both sides of the coin../I partially agree../ I
agree to a certain extent../I somewhat agree but have obvious misgivings
about..

4. Introducing Points:
Firstly, let us take a look at...
To start with...
First of all, it is worth considering that..
Secondly,.. Thirdly,.. Next... Another point is... Another contributing factor is..
In addition/Additionally/Moreover/Furthermore / What is more../On top
of that
Another point worth noting is../Another factor to consider is...
Lastly,..Finally,.. Last but not least,...

5. Presenting Ideas & Giving Examples


According to experts/the website/the author of the article/book/journal
etc...
Based on the research/survey/study/case study by (who) in (year) on
(what)...
he/she/it/they found/discovered that...
Research has found that...
The study concluded that...
There are those who argue that..
When it comes to these issues.../In terms of this issue../With respect to this
issue../ With regard to this issue..
For example,../For instance,../As an example,../To illustrate,../As an
illustration,../..such as.. /..namely../..which are../..in terms of it is....and so
on./..and so forth./..and many more./..and others.

6.Contrasting:
However,../In contrast,../On the contrary,../Conversely,../Even though...
To counter that argument.../Despite../In spite of that../On the other hand,..
..but../..although../..while..

7. Expressing Reason & Result:


As a result,../ As a result of this study/research/finding..
This theory/result/finding/study/case study has led to.../has resulted in...
This means that.../This is because../This could be due to../This can be
attributed to../This could result in../This proves that../This is concrete
evidence that..
In lieu of
this../Consequently,../Subsequently,../Therefore,../Thus,../Hence,..

8.Concluding:
In conclusion,../To conclude,../Conclusively,../In a nutshell,../To sum up,../
In short,../In other words,../In summary,../All things considered,..
Taking everything into consideration,..
After weighing up both sides of the argument,..
The benefits of (topic) far outweighs the drawbacks of..
The advantages of (topic) far outweighs the disadvantages of..
The pros and cons are quite balanced and it is up you to decide which side of
the fence to lean on

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