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2234 365
45 60

55 23

20-30 30

600 1200

21 35

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2.1.2

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60-100
-
100
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(Toxaemia): -


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2.1.3










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,
(pelvic)

2.2
2.2.1


(Synthesis )


7

,

2.2.2 ,

2 30


(osmosis)
,
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(colostrum)
, , ,



2.2.3

(Antimicrobial)

(Bacterial pathogens)

, ,
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6
-
2
6
(Nipples)


,

, (Beta Carotene)
-

2.2.4

2.2.5 (
)

2234 600

55 23 , 6
19 , 1 13

1 300
600
1200

10
350

2.2.6 -

50-60
, , , ,
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(Sprouted
legumes),
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2.3.1

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2.3.6


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2.3.7

15

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(Bacterial count)

2.4

2.4.1









2 10
2-2.5 5-6
2

16
2
25 35
1
8
12


75
2 3.5
3 80 7
90

17
1

(
)


(Net)
() ()

1-3 12.9 1060 16.7 27 9

4-6 18.0 1350 20.1 25 13


600
7-9 25.1 1690 29.5 30 16

1
, 2011, - , ,

18
()

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() .. .. .. ..

. . .
.

1-3 0.5 0.6 8 0.9 80 50 5


400 3200 -
4-6 0.7 0.8 11 0.9 100 70 7
40
7-9 600 4800 0.8 1.0 13 1.6 120 100 8

19
2.5

2.5.1
10-19

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20-24




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12-15 10-13


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18-20 ,

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25

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40

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23


2

(
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(
(Net)
() )

10-12 34.3 2190 39.9 35 21

10-12 35.0 2010 40.4 35 27


800

13-15 47.6 2750 54.3 45 32

13-15 46.6 2330 51.9 40 27

16-17 55.4 3020 61.5 50 28

16-17 52.1 2440 55.5 35 26

2
, 2011, - , ,

24
()


. . .
() .. ..
12 ..
.. .. .. .. .. ..

. .

10-12 1.1 1.3 15 120


1.6 140 9
10-12 1.0 1.2 13 160

13-15 1.4 1.6 16 165


600 4800 40 0.2-1.0
150 11
13-15 1.2 1.4 14 210
2.0

16-17 1.5 1.8 17 195


200 12
16-17 1.0 1.2 14 235

25
3.
3.1
47

, ,
, ,

45
.
3 , -

246

- II ,

3.2


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

()* 115.91 117.47 119.01 120.56 122.12


( )* 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

65 65 65 66 66
()*

26
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

( 1000 )* 52 51 49 47 45

(5 69 66 64 61 59
1000 )*

Maternal Mortality 212 (2007-09) 178 (2010-12)


Ratio - ( 1 )#

# , *

3.2
3.2.1 6 ,
2 1975




6

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3.2.2 2013

( ) (

27
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(1)
(2) ) (
(3) (
)

2
-

(6 3 500
) 12-15

(3 6 ) 500
( 12-15
- (
500 )

)

28
?

(6 6 800
), 20-25

600
18-20

29
4.

(Health)
, ,
(- ) ,

(Access)

, ,
,
, , , (
),
, --

(Burden of disease)


(Life Expectancy)
,

(Infant Mortality Rate)


1000 1

30
(Child Mortality Rate)

- 1000 5
(Child
Mortality Rate or Under-Five Mortality Rate)

(Maternal Mortality)
42
, ,
( ),




(Maternal Mortality Ratio)
1,00,000
,
,

(Maternal Mortality Rate)


(15-49 ) 100,000

(Nutrition)
, ,

,

31
(Exclusive breastfeeding)

6 ) (

(Low Birth Weight-LBW-)


2.5 ,
LBW

-- (Malnutrition-Undernutrition-
Underweight)

0-59


(Stunting)

(
)

-


(Wasting)




(Severe Acute Malnutrition-SAM-)

32
0-59 3

11.5 ( -
, )
SAM
, , ,

9

(Moderate Acute Malnutrition-MAM-)


0-59
2
3 (Standard Deviation )

11.5 12.5 ,

, -

(Malnutrition Prevalence)
0-59 -
(Median) 2 (Standard Deviation)

- (Disability Adjusted Life Years -


DALYs)

,

,
- (Disability Adjusted Life
Years - DALYs)

DALYs -

33
-
DALY

34
,
2

35
1.



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1.1
()
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3 10 10
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36
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40
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iii.

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High Density Lipoprotein HDL) .

iv. (Waxes)

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1.3
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41
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20-25 , 45
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42
2.
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25
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() 30 .

2.1 (DRIs)


.
.
.
(Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA)
(Recommended Nutrient Intake RNI)
(Recommended Daily Amounts of
Nutrients) ,
(Safe Intake of Nutrients)

43

.
-
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(Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA)
, , - , , , ,
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, , , B12

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44

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.
2011
, www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf
. , ,
, (- )

(Calorific values of food stuffs)
.
(National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau) 2005-06
(Recommended Dietary
Allowances RDA) 70
, 27
.

2.2



( )

.
, (Kcal)

45

. .
() ,
, (Legumes) .

(Macronutrients): ,
.
(Micronutrients): ,
.

46
3.

3.1


. . (synthesize)
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(absorb) .
( ) -
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3.1

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signaling )
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3.2

-1: , , - (
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48


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51
3.3
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53

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54
4. ,


.
(pH value)
. ,
. .
.

(Total Body Water-TBW)


54 .
.
. 10 .

.


:
TBW (litres) = Body Weight (pounds)/4
(1Kg = 2.2 pounds)

4.1



55

(charged particles)
,

.
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.
,
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4.2

.
.

.
.
.

. .
.
,
.
(Synthesis)
.
25 30
.

4.3
, 99
, 92
, 95

56
(+ ) (- ) ,


4.4

(Ulcers)



.
.
, .
, ,
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(Diarrhoea) .
Lactose Intolerance) .
(
)
,
.

57
5. -
5.1
( , -

) .

.
, .

5.2 (Energy Metabolism)


,
-
.
.
(Adenosine Triphosphate-ATP-)
, , ,
.
.
0.8 1.0
,
1.0
.
/ /

,


. ,

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58
5.3
(Measurement of Basal and Resting Energy ExpenditureBMR-)


,
, , -
.
BMR -


-
665 + (9.6 * ) + (1.8 * ) (4.7 * )
-
66 + (13.7 * ) + (5 * ) (6.8 * )

24 , 48 158 ,



665 + (9.6 * ) + (1.8 * ) (4.7 * )
= 665 + (9.6 * 48) + (1.8 * 158) (4.7 * 24)
= 665 + 461 + 284 113
= 1410 113
= 1297
, 1297 .
1300
.

,
2000
.

59
5.4
-


.
.

. -
. -

.

5.5



I. /
. ,


. , (
, ) ( , ,
, , ) .
II.
1.
i.
, , , ( -)
.
ii. ,
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60
iii. , , , , , , ,
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2. , , , ,


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III.
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IV. , ,
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61
10
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5.6


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5.7 (Food Exchange)




(

) .
, .

.

,

.
.
, (Exchange)
1 10 40 .

( ) 1 6 30-40

.
1 19-21 , 2-3 , 85

62
1 15 , 6 , 85

.
(Meat) 1 7.5 , 6 85

. (Meat Exchange) , ,


.
1 10 90 .

5.8

, .

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(55 ,

, )

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.
5 20 ,
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63
-


() () ()

()

64
8. (Metabolism)
8.1 () ?

, ,
. (Anabolic)
(Catabolic).
(
) .

,
.
, , , ,
.
.
, (1900-2900 )
, 40-60 , 30-40 10-
15 .
, 2

, .

8.2
. 1
9 , 4
. .

65
9.
9.1


.
.

.

.


.

10 5 ,

.
.

.
9.2

. Body
Mass Index (BMI)

-


BMI= ( )/ 2
. . . ( )

. . . -

<18.50 ,

18.5-24.99

>25.00

66
25.00-29.99

I 30.00-34.99

II 35.00-39.99

III >40.00

23 BMI 25
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-









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67
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2013

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75
2.

2.1


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81
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82
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83
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84
2.6


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2.7
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85

+ + + = 1

2.8 (Stage of Change)


. 5

1.






2. .

3. -



4. .


5.
( 6 )
, ,

86

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