www.mathsenligne.

com
2N7 - trigonometric functions EXPECTED CAPACITY COMMENTS
COURSE (1 / 4)
CONTENT
First references. Know functions
the
representation
graphic
The definition of sin x and cos x for any real x will be "winding Y" on the trig
onometric circle. It will link with the sine and cosine of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °.
ï x cos x and sin x x ï.
I. THE CIRCLE TRIGONOMETRY a. Locating a point on the circle is called trigonome
tric trigonometric circle a circle of radius 1 with a feel called "positive dire
ction (counterclockwise). + JM
O I 'I
I In every real x, we can associate a point M on the circle as follows: - if x>
0, we traverse the distance x on the circle from the point I in the positive dir
ection. - If x <0, it travels a distance x on the circle from the point I in the
indirect sense. The length of the arch is then c | x |. IM Example: The total l
ength of the circle is 2 × π × R × π × 2 = = 1 2π 2π π = (a quarter turn in the
ositive direction) Point J is indicated by the numbers: 2 4 3π π ( three quarte
rs of a turn oint I was s otted by the number of: - (a quarter turn in the indi
rect sense) or 2 2 in the direct sense) Note: Any item may be marked with an inf
inity of numbers. For exam le A is associated with a 0 (no tower), 2π (one round
), 4π (two rounds ...), 2π-b ... Radian The radian is a unit of angular measurem
ent, which corres onds to the length of the arc interce ted by a central angle o
f the trigonometric circle. This corner is oriented, that is to say ositive or
negative de ending on the direction in which it rotates. Exam les: a = 45 ° = 1
la = 1 = π × 2π rad IOA has 8 8 4 = 60 ° = 1 la = 1 = π × 2π rad BIO 6 6 3 1 1
a = 120 ° = Tour = = 2π × 2π rad IOC 3 3 3 a = 30 ° = 1 turn (indirect meaning)
= - = 1 × 2π - π rad IOD was 12 12 6 = 180 = half a la = π rad IOI IO '
C
J
B A
+
120 ° 60 ° 45 ° 30 °
I
D
I
www.mathsenligne.com
2N7 - trigonometric functions
PROGRESS (2 / 4)
Note: The measures in radians and degrees are ro ortional. General rule: Measur
e Measure in rad, ° π = 180 c. Cosine and sine trigonometric We ut the circle o
f an orthonormal (O, OI, OJ). Let x be the measure of an angle in radians, and M
the oint where a = x IOM
→ →
J A M B O x
+
I
In the right triangle OAM, we have: cos x = OA OA OM (the circle has radius 1) =
cos x 1 cos x = cos x then OA is the abscissa of M.
Similarly sin x = OM MA MA (the circle has radius 1) = sin x 1 sin x = MA = OB s
in x is therefore ordered Mr.
Conclusion: If M is the oint associated with a real x in the circle countercloc
kwise, then M (cos x, sin x). Notes: - For any x, y -1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1 and -1 ≤ sin
x ≤ 1 - In the triangle A rectangle OAM were OM = 1, OA = cos x and sin x = AM,
then d According to the théorèe Pythagorean OA ² AM ² = OM ² and therefore: cos
² x + sin ² x = a few outstanding values: x cos x sin x 0 1 0 π 6 3 2 1 February
π A ril 2 2 2 2 π March 1 2 3 2 π 2 0 1
II. THE COSINE FUNCTION Every real number has a cosine (ie the abscissa of oint
M associated with that number on the trigonometric circle). Cosine function is
called the function f: ï x cos x defined on] - ∞, + ∞ [.
www.mathsenligne.com
2N7 - trigonometric functions
ONGOING (3 / 4)
Notes: - Since for any x, cos (x + 2π) = cos x, we will only function on the int
erval]-π, π]. It is said that this function is eriodic, of eriod 2π. - For all
x, cos (x) = cos (x), so the cosine function is even (the curve is symmetrical
about the vertical axis). Meaning of change of the cosine function on the interv
al]-π, π] π function is decreasing and negative. (Cos x varies from 0 to -1) π 2
The function is decreasing and ositive. (Cos x varies from 1-0)
= Π-π
0
The function is increasing and negative. (Cos x varies from -1 to 0) Conclusion:
x cos x -1-π -
-
2 π
The function is increasing and ositive. (Cos x varies from 0-1)
π
2
0 1
π
2 0
+ Π
0
-1
Gra h:
1
-2π
-
3π 2
-Π
-
2 π
0
2 π
π
3π 2
2π
-1
www.mathsenligne.com
2N7 - trigonometric functions
COURSE (4 / 4)
III. SINUS FUNCTION Every real number has a sine (ie the ordinate of oint M ass
ociated with that number on the trigonometric circle). Sine function is called t
he function f: ï x cos x defined on] - ∞, + ∞ [. Note: - Since for any x, sin (x
+ 2π) = sin x, we will only function on the interval]-π, π]. It is said that th
is function is eriodic, of eriod 2π. - For all x, sin (x) =-sin (x), so the co
sine function is odd (the curve is symmetrical about the origin of the coordinat
e). Meaning of change of the sine function on the interval]-π;€π] π function is
decreasing and ositive. (Sin x varies from 1-0) π 2 The function is increasing
and ositive. (Sin x varies from 0-1)
= Π-π
0
The function is decreasing and negative. (Sin x varies from 0 to -1) Conclusion:
-
π 2 0 0
The function is increasing and negative. (Where x varies from -1 to 0)
x sin x
-Π 0
-
π
2
π
February 1
+ Π 0


-1 lot: 1
-2π
3π 2
-Π
2 π
0
2 π
π
3π 2
2π
-1