e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470

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International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research

Development
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017

IMPROVED HANDOFF DECISION STRATEGY BASED ON MULTILEVEL

FUZZY LOGIC IN WSN
Er.Gagandeep Goyal1, Er. Manpreet Kaushal2
1
Department of Electronics And Communication,Asra College of Engg. & Technology,
2
Department of Electronics And Communication,Asra College of Engg. & Technology,

Abstract In the mobile communication system, the handoff is referred as the process of switching the ongoing call from
one of the base station to other in an efficient way. Before the handoff, an efficient decision has to be taken for the handoff. In
the traditional approach, the three major parameters are accounted for the handoff decision, i.e. Distance between BS and
MT, Network Load which refers to the number of users in the network and RSS which refers to the Received Signal Strength
from the base station. But the selection of a few parameters was not sufficient enough to increase the handoff decision
capability. Hence in order to enhance the capability of the handoff decision, a new technique is proposed for this research
that considers six input parameters i.e. data rate, RSS, Load, Velocity , E2E and Jitter respectively.
The proposed work generates a single output corresponding to the 3-3 input parameters hence 2 layers are used in
the present work for handoff decision making. Results show the efficiency of the proposed work based on the fixed network
load and the fixed distance parameters.

Keywords - Handoff, Multi layered fuzzy interference system, end 2 end delay, jitter

I. INTRODUCTION

In telecommunication, handoff is referred as a process of transferring the ongoing call or data session from the connected
channel to the core network. In the satellite communication, it is the process to transfer the satellite control responsibility
from the actual earth station to the other station without the loss or the interruption of service. The process of transferring the
call is generally referred as a handover. There are two major reasons for conducting the handover. Firstly, if the user moves
out of range from the station and can get a better connection from a nearby stronger transmitter or secondly if the current base
station is full the incoming connection can be transferred to the nearby base station. The basic form of the handover is used
for most of the 1G and 2G system where a phone call in progress is redirected from the one cell transmitter and receiver and
frequency pair to the other cell transmitter and receiver and frequency pair without interrupting the call. Whereas the hard
handover is referred as the scenario if the terminal can only be connected to the one base station and therefore need to drop
the connection for a short period of time before being connecting to other strong transmitter.

Handoff parameters
The parameters handoff depends on:-
Word error detection(WEI)
Received signal strength indication (RSSI)
Quality indicator(QI)
1. Word Error Indicator: - It is a measure to check the output of the demodulator at the end of receiver, when the carrier
input to the demodulator is sufficiently above the threshold.
2. Received Signal Strength Indication: - The signal strength that is received, must be around 100dBm.
3. Quality Indicator: - It is a measure of the signal quality with respect to the interference. Usually it is prescribed in a
range of 5dB to 25dB.

Figure 1: Scenario showing how handoff takes place

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Types of Handoff
Depending upon the strategies involved in the handoff detection, it can be classified into 3 categories that are given below:
1. Mobile controlled handoff (MCHO)
2. Network controlled handoff (NCHO)
3. Mobile assisted handoff (MAHO)

Mobile controlled handoff (MCHO):- A handoff technique introduced by DECT and North American PACES. In the
defined strategy, the mobile station checks the real time quality of reception. When the quality goes below the prescribed
value, the handoff takes place in order to provide the required quality to the neighboring cell channel carriers. The mobile
units inform the MSC about the suitable channel through which the quality transmission can be achieved. After the allotment
of the channel the handoff will be carried out immediately.

Network controlled handoff (NCHO):- The technique is followed by the CTZ and AMPS. In this the base station measures
the WEI and RSSI in a real time manner. When these parameters go below the prescribed quality, mostly the base station
initiates the handoff through the MSCs. By suitable testing, the MSC allocate free channel in the incumbent call.

II. PROBLEM FORMULATION

Handoff is the process of transferring a call from one base station to another during an ongoing call and when a user is
mobile. Handoff decisions should be taken such that the signal do not drops and the call is not cut in between. A system is
considered to be most efficient if it do not faces signal drop and successful handoff is obtained. . The problem of handoff
arise for the reason that the frequencies cannot be reused in flanking cells, when a user moves from one cell to another, a new
frequency must be allocated for the call. If a user moves into a cell when all available channels are in use, the users call must
be terminated. Earlier handoff decisions were made on the basis of the various parameters .Then the fuzzy system was used
for taking the handoff decisions. Though the fuzzy systems were considered to be efficient. But it too had some limitations
like fuzzy systems were only transparent for simple problems. As the handoff decision were taken on the basis of the various
parameters. So if the numbers of parameters are increased the complexity of the system is increased. The decision taking
capability of the system is reduced if the numbers of the parameters are increased. This results increase in the complexity of
the system that can reduce the efficiency of the system.
So there is need to design the system in which eth complexity is reduced and the system is made efficient so the
handoff decisions are taken accurately.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Handoff is for the most part watched when client is moving and the flag quality of the following base station surpasses the
flag quality of the base station that is as of now associated with the cell phone. In past systems the handoff is firstly reliant on
irregular determination .Later on many methodologies has been produced one of them was on premise of static
methodologies. After that the Fuzzy framework based methodologies were acquainted that were capable with increment the
capacity of the handoff controller. The significant issue confronted in these frameworks was that the many-sided quality of
the framework increments as the quantities of the parameters are expanded that thus diminishes the proficiency of the
framework. So in this proposed work another approach is proposed to decrease the intricacy of the framework. In this work
two fuzzy controllers are utilized as a part of which parameters are characterized by their predefined classes. Alongside this
the weight qualities are characterized. On the premise of the weight esteem the last outcome are gotten by which the handoff
choice are taken. In this work the handoff choice is gone up against the premise of the 6 parameters as follows that will help
in grasping the handoff choice.
1. Signal Strength(RSS)
2. Data Rate
3. Velocity
4. Load
5. E2E
6. Jitter
This technique will lessen the framework multifaceted nature as two fuzzy controllers are utilized. Likewise the effectiveness
of the framework is expanded.
IV. METHODOLOGY

The present work aims to implement the multi layered fuzzy interface for the purpose of handoff decision. It is based upon
the 6 parameters to take the handoff decision. The Mamdani fuzzy interface is used to implement the work. The step by step
methodology of the proposed work is as follows:
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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

1. Enter the input parameters to the first layer of the FIS. It will consider the following three parameters as input:
(a) RSS
(b) Data Rate
(c) Velocity
2. After entering the input to the system a Mamdani fuzzy interface will be created on the basis of 27 rules. This step
defines the whole procedure, what the input to the interface is and how the output is generated as shown in figure
4.2.
3. After this another parameters will be entered to the second layer of the FIS. The input is created by using the
membership functions as shown in figure 4.1(a), (b) and (c). The input parameters contains the following
characteristics:
(a) Load
(b) E2E
(c) Jitter
4. Next Step is to perform evolution on the basis of obtained output from the both of the layers of Fuzzy.
5. Last step is to take the handoff decision and performance parameters evaluation.

RSS Data Rate Velocity Load E2E Jitter

Design Fuzzy Design Fuzzy

Interface System Interface System

Multilayered Fuzzy Interface

Initialization

Perform Evolution Using

Fuzzy

Finally, Take Handoff

Decision

Figure 2. Block Diagram of proposed work

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This section represents the graphs of results which are obtained after implementing the proposed method for handoff decision
making. This work purposes a multi layered neuro fuzzy system for increasing the handoff decision making capability. The
technique produces output on the basis of parameters as follows:

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

1. Signal Strength(RSS)
2. Data Rate
3. Velocity
4. Load
5. E2E
6. Jitter

The designed neuro fuzzy system generates a single output on the basis of above parameters. The following graph shows the
membership function corresponding to inputs. The input has 3 membership function ranges from 1 to 3. The degree of
membership function lies between 0 and 1. The first input parameter refers to the distance between base station and mobile
stations. As the network is a multilayered network first of all three parameters will be passed to the network. The following
figure shows the membership functions regarding these inputs.
On the basis of above three parameters the fuzzy interface of the first layer of the neural network, figure explicates that the
network takes three inputs and on the basis of 27 rules after the implication of Mamdani fuzzy interface, it generates the
single output regarding the handoff decision.

RSS (3)

Hand-Off

(mamdani)

DataRate (3)
27 rules
Handoff 1 (4)

Velocity (3)

System Hand-Off: 3 inputs, 1 outputs, 27 rules

Figure 3 Fuzzy Interface of first layer of the Multi layered fuzzy Interface.

The graphs in the following figures4 define the membership function regarding the 3 inputs to the Fuzzy system2. It defines
that the membership functions are three in number in every input along with degree of membership function from 0 to 1. The
value of load varies from 0 to 20, E2E varies from 100 to 250 and the variation in jitter is between 0 to 10. The E2E
parameter refers to the end to end delay.

On the basis of above three parameters the fuzzy interface of the first layer of the neural network is defined or portrayed in
the figure below (Figure 4). This figure explicates that the network takes three inputs and on the basis of 27 rules after the
implication of Mamdani fuzzy interface, it generates the single output regarding the handoff decision.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Load (3)

Hand-Off

(mamdani)

E2E (3)
27 rules
Handoff 2 (4)

Jitter (3)

System Hand-Off: 3 inputs, 1 outputs, 27 rules

Figure 4 Fuzzy Interface of first layer of the Multi layered fuzzy Interface.

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Handoff is an important element of wireless cellular communications. Efficient handoff algorithms are a cost-effective way
of enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular systems. In this work neuro-fuzzy based approach for hand-off decisions. The
proposed work of this is implements the multi layered fuzzy interference system in order to give better results along with
increased input parameter i.e. Received signal strength, load, velocity , E2E, Jitter and Data Rate. These parameters are used
for enhancing the system performance and the output of system is handoff decision probability. The proposed system
simulation results much better than traditional approach and increase handoff decision probability.
Since the proposed technique generates better results and increase the handoff decisions probability..The future scope of
system we can normalize the data set so that system complexity reduce and increase the speed of system for handoff decision
along with enhancement in the number of parameters

VII. REFRENCES

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[6] Daojing He (2010), A Simple and Robust Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Mobile
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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

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