GEOGRAPHY & RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPINES

1. THE EARTH AND ITS PART

LAND

- Only of the earth is land

Earth has seven large masses that are called continents?
The seven continents are Europe, Africa, Australia, North America, South
America and Antarctica.
Asia is the biggest continent
Australia is considered a country and the smallest continent .
Outside the continental land Masses are island groups called archipelagos.
Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelago.

WATER

- About three fourth of the earth surface is covered with water.

- This portion includes ocean, seas, bays, gulf, lakes and rivers
- The biggest water forms is the ocean. These are the Pacific Ocean, Artic
Ocean, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic Ocean or southern Ocean.
- Pacific Ocean is the widest which is located on the Eastern part of the
Philippines.
- Smaller than Oceans are Seas. Like Red Sea, Celebes Sea, Dead Sea,
Mediterranean Sea and South China Sea which is situated on the western part
of the Philippines.
- A bay is an inlet of sea or lake. Example the Bengal Bay in india. In the
Philippines we have Manila Bay.
- A gulf is a wide deep area of Ocean reaching into land.
- Persian gulf, Guld of Mexico, and Lingayen Gulf in Pangasinan are examples
of this water form
- Lake is a large inland body of water. Examples are Laguna lake in Laguna,
lake taal in Batangas and Lake Buhi in Bicol.
- A river is a large natural stream of freshwater flowing into an Ocean or lake.
- Amazon river and the Nile river are the two longest river in the world.

ATMOSPHERE

- The earth holds an ocean of air called atmosphere

- The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that protects living things from
dangerous radiation of sunlight which holds some of the suns warmth.
- The atmosphere has five layers. Troposphere where temperature decreases
as the altitude increases. Stratosphere where temperature remains the same.
- The next is mesosphere where temperature decreases with height until about
80 km above the earth.
- Extending upward is the thermosphere a layer containing a small fraction of
the atmosphere mass.
- The outermost is the exosphere.
Questions

1. Which of the following is the outermost layer in the atmosphere?

a. Troposphere

b. Exosphere

c. Thermosphere

d. Mesosphere

2. A large natural stream of freshwater is called____________.

a. Lake

b. Gulf

c. Valleys

d. River

3. A large inland body of water?

a. Plateaus

b. River

c. Lake

d. Gulf

4. The biggest continent is ________

a. North America

b. Asia

c. Europe

d. Antarctica

5. Which of the following is archipelago?

a. Singapore

b. Indonesia

c. China

d. Korea
6. Which is smaller than ocean?

a. Sea

b. River

c. Gulf

d. Bay

7. Which is a wide inlet of a sea or lake?

a. Ocean

b. Sea

c. Bay

d. Gulf

8. Which is the bottom layers of Earth atmosphere?

a. Stratosphere

b. Thermosphere

c. Mesosphere

d. Troposphere

9. The shape of the earth is _________.

a. Circle

b. Oblate spheroid

c. Oblate circle

d. Sphere

10. The size of water in the Earths surface is ____________.

a.

b. 1/3

c.

d.

GLOBE: REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD

 A. Imaginary Lines on the Globe

- The two kinds of imaginary lines on the globe are meridians and parallels
- Meridians are lines that meet at the pole.
- Parallel are lines that run east west direction
- Meridians and parallel lines are imaginary levels that help establish the
location of places on earth
- Latitude is the distance between two parallels measured north or south of the
equator
- Longitude is the distance between two meridians measured east or west of
the prime meridian
- Prime meridian or 0 degree longitude , passes through the site of the royal
naval observatory in Greenwich, England . The prime meridian divides the
earth into eastern and western hemispheres
- The time zone that lines up roughly along 180 degrees longitude follows the
International date line
- IDL serves as the boundary between the eastern and western hemisphere.

B. Special Parallels

- parallels are used to measure distances or positions north and south of the
equator. This distance known as latitude and is expressed in degrees.
- The equator is the longest imaginary line on the surface of the globe.
- The equator divides the globe into two equal parts, the northern and southern
hemisphere and is marked 0 degrees
- The equator serves as reference point in measuring distances, north and
south
- Over 8% of the earths population lives in the northern hemisphere
- Then northern hemisphere is divided into tropics and temperature at the
tropics of cancer, a line of latitude that runs parallel to the equator. It is the
boundary of the vertical rays of the sun and tropics in the northern
hemisphere.
- The temperature Zone runs from 23 degrees to 30 degrees to the arctic
circle, a line of latitude located at 66 degrees to 30 degrees north latitude.
- The temperature zone serves as the northernmost boundary of the oblique
rays of the sun and the middle latitude.
- In the southern Hemisphere, the tropic of Capricorn located at 23 degrees to
39 degrees south latitude, divides the tropics from the southern temperate
Zone.
- The tropic Capricorn serves as boundary of the sun and the tropics in the
southern hemisphere
- The temperate Zone ends at the Antartic Circle , or 66 degrees to 30 degrees
south Latitude. This is the Southernmost boundary of the oblique rays of the
sun and the middle latitudes.

C. The geographical Grid

- As the lines of the latitude and longitude meet, they form a geogrphical grid
 - The geographical grid makes it possible to identify points on the earth and
record their exact locations north or south of the equator and east or west of
the prime meridian.

Questions

1. The distance between two parallels measured north or south of the equator.

a. Prime meridian

b. Latitude

c. Grid

d. Longitude

2. Serves as boundary of the sun and tropics in the southern hemisphere

a. Capricorn

b. Cancer

c. Globe

d. Grid

3. Lines that run in an east west direction around the Earth

a. Meridians

b. Latitude

c. Parallels

d. IDL

4. Lines that meet at the poles

a. Meridians

b. Grid

c. Latitude

d. Longtitude

5. It divides the Earth into eastern and western hemisphere.

a. Cancer

b. Capricorn
 c. Equator

d. Prime meridian

6. The longest imaginary line that divides the globe into two equal parts

a. Latitude

b. Longitude

c. Grid

d. Equator

7. It makes to identifying the points on the earth and record the exact location of
the equator and prime meridian

a. Grid

b. Antaric circle

c. Artic circle

d. Temperate zone

8. It is used to help us understand natural events day and night and the different
seasons.

a. Longitude

b. Grid globe

c. Prime meridian

d. Parallels

9. The distance between two meridians measured east or west of the prime
meridian

a. Longitude

b. Latitude

c. Grid

d. Equator

10. A line of latitude that runs parallel to the equator as 23.5 degrees north of the
equator.

a. Cancer
 b. Capricorn

c. Prime meridian

d. Geographical grid

11. Of what use are the lines of latitude and longitude on the globe?

a. To define territorial waters of nations

b. To determine date and time

c. To set boundaries of continents

d. To locate a place

12. The distance between any longitude on the surface of the earth_________.

a. Stays the same everywhere

b. Is longer near the equator

c. Is longer near the poles

d. Is shorter near the equator

MAPS

A. Elements of Map

A. Title tells the kind of map being used

B. Legend explains the symbols used in a map

C. Scale states the proportion of distance on the map and actual

distance on earth

D. Direction the map is orientated to the different like North, South, East
and West.

E. Latitude/ longitude- geographical extent or absolute location of a

place.

B. Kinds of Map

1. Political Map- this type of map shows the various regional divisions of the
country. Each region is shown with the provinces that comprise it. The map
may also include capitals, boundaries, roads and rivers.

2. Physical Map- this map shows the distribution of landforms and water forms,
on the earths surface.
 3. Ethnic map- this map shows the distribution pattern and population of ethic
groups. Sometimes, this map feature the religions, languages and cultural
orientation of the various ethnic group

4. Climate weather map this map shows how climates and weather conditions
vary across regions

5. Economic map this kind of map shows the different products and major
industries across the regions.

C. Symbols

- it refers to legend used in the map.

D. Scale

- it is the device that shows the ratio of the distance/ area used in the map to
the actual distance/ area. Example one inch equals fifty miles. The unit that is
commonly used to measure scale is centimeter or inch.

Terms

1. Cartography the science of mapmaking.

Questions:

1. The map that shows the distribution of landforms and water forms on the
earth surface.

a. ethnic map

b. physical map

c. climate map

d. economic map

2. This type of Map shows the Various regional divisions of the country.

a. Political map

b. Economic map

c. Physical map

d. Climate map

3. This is the representation of the earth drawn to scale usually on a plane or flat
surface.
 a. Globe

b. Scale

c. Map

d. Legend

4. Which instructional material can most concretely give the exact location of NCR.

a. Globe

b. Map of the Philippines

c. Planetarium

d. Simulation

5. The device that shows the ratio of distance are used in the map to the actual
area.

a. Legend

b. Symbols

c. Scale

d. Physical map

6. It refers to the legend used in map

a. Climate map

b. Scale

c. Simulation

d. Symbols

7. The map that shows the different products and major industries across the
regions.

a. Political map

b. Weather map

c. Economic map

d. Physical map

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the map.

 a. A map is moves in the counterclockwise direction.

b. A map has elements that help us better understand what it shows

c. A map set the boundaries of continents

d. A map serves to determine the date and time.

9. When I bring the maps to the class to teach the different regions in the
Philippines make use of ____________.

a. Realias

b. Models

c. Mock ups

d. Demonstration

10. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the map.

a. Maps and globes are important tools in studying geography

b. A map is a flat representation of the earth.

c. We use different maps for different purposes depending on the type of

information we want.

d. The map is the closest representation of the earth.

DIRECTIONS AND MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH

A. DIRECTION

- There are 4 primary directions: north, south, east and west

- The secondary directions are northeast, southeast, southeast and northwest.
- The compass is an instrument with a magnetic needle that points to the
north.
- The north arrow sign is usually found on the upper portion of a map.

B. Movements of the Earth

- The earth has two major movements; rotation and revolution

- The earth rotates on its axis. The turning of the earth on its axis is called
rotation.
- The earth rotates in a period of 24 hours
- The rotation of the earth causes day and night
- The earth takes a year or 365 days for it to revolve around the sun.
- The revolution of the Earth around the sun causes changes in seasons.
- The earth follows a path called orbit as it moves around the sun.
Questions :

1. This instrument help as to locate places easier.

a. Map

b. Compass

c. Axis

d. Cartographer

2. This sign is usually found on the upper portion of the map.

a. North arrow

b. Legend

c. Secondary direction

d. axis

3. The direction were the sun rises.

a. North

b. West

c. South

d. East

4. The hour when earth spin on its axis

a. 1 hour

b. 24 hours

c. 12 hrs

d. 365 hrs

5. This is the reason why other parts of the world experience spring, autumn, fall
and winter.

a. Axis

b. Orbit

c. Rotation

d. Revolution
6. The turning of the earth on its Axis

a. Rotation

b. Revolution

c. Compass

d. whirl

7. The reason that we have night and day

a. Earth rotates

b. Moon rotates

c. Moon revolves around the earth

d. Earth revolves around the sun

8. The direction were the sun sets

a. North

b. West

c. South

d. East

9. The earth follows a path as it moves around the sun

a. Axis

b. Orbit

c. Rotation

d. Revolution

10. Which of the following statements is not true on earth movements

a. The earth rotates in its axis

b. The earth rotates in a period of 24 hours

c. The earth takes 365 days for it to revolve around the sun

d. The earth has two major movements, rotation and revolution.