Title: Gaindegia Txostena 2009/Gaindegia Report 2009

Author:
GAINDEGIA- Observatory for the social and economic development of the Basque Country
Editor:
GAINDEGIA- Observatory for the social and economic development of the Basque Country
Martin Ugalde Kultur Parkea
20140 Andoain
Tel. +34 943 304 365
www.gaindegia.org
gaindegia@gaindegia.org
Key words: Basque Country, economy, society, development, cohesion, economy of the Basque Country
Editing Committee Director:
Joxerra Bustillo
Coordinator:
Irati Azkue Leunda
Editing and adviser committee:
Joxerra Bustillo, Jose Mari Zendoia, Xabier Lekuona, Bego Zubia, Eugenio Etxebeste, Kepa Gordejuela, Iñaki Egaña.
Participants in Participants in Participants in
Gaindegia Report 2009: Gaindegia Report 2008: Gaindegia Report 2007:
Joxerra Bustillo, Juan Mari Ollora, Nekane Joxerra Bustillo, Mari Carmen Gallastegui, Koldo Saratxaga, Mikel Zurbano, Iñaki
Jurado, Mertxe Larrañaga, Ana Beraza, Goio Etxebarria, Mikel Navarro, Michel Conde, Ion Andoni del Amo, Txema
Jon Barrutia, Goio Etxebarria, Mikel Garicoix, Gorka Bueno, Aitziber Mendibil, Helena Franco, Anton Borja,
Gomez Uranga, Roberto Bermejo, Juan Etxezarreta, Irati Susperregi, Philippe Koldo Nabaskues, Mixel Garikoitz, Ivan
Carlos Longas, Juan Ignacio Perez Iglesias, Arretz, Iñaki Elorriaga, Sandra Santamaria, Juan Angel Monreal, Alazne
Eguzki Urteaga, Karmele Aranburu, Iker Barrenetxea, Iñaki Ruiz de Pinedo, Juan Basañez, Aitor Renteria, Begoña Martin,
Aranburu, Idoia Eraso, Iker Mari Arregi, Juan Kruz Lakasta, Mikel Aitziber Arzallus, Xabier Aja, Carlos
Bizkarguenaga, Juan Mari Arregi, Aitor Iribarren, Idoia Eraso, Mikel Aramendi, Etxeberri, Imanol Esnaola.
Renteria, Carlos Etxeberri, Miren Garate, Ivan Santamaria, Carlos Etxeberri, Begoña
Miren Ibañez, Juan Angel Monreal, Imanol Martin, Angel Rekalde, Aimar Maiz, Xabier
Esnaola. Lekuona, Joxe Mari Zendoia, Bego Zubia,
Iñaki Egaña, Eugenio Etxebeste, Kepa
Gordejuela, Imanol Esnaola.
Journalistic work:
Estitxu Elduaien
Translation:
Basque- Spanish: Ainara Barreña - Ander Mendizabal - Joxemi Hernandez – Amaia Apaulaza
Spanish - Basque: Iraia Amundarain – Ramon Iriarte – Nerea Elorriaga
French: Mercedes Camblor
English: Kit Cree
First edition: may 2010
Copyright: © GAINDEGIA—Observatory for the social and economic development of the Basque Country
Design and layout: nabarreria.com · Tel: (0034) 948 22 71 25
Printing: Gráficas Iratxe
Legal deposit: SS-437-2008

Gaindegia is not responsible for the opinions expressed by their participants. This publication has been subsidied by KUTXA.
Index

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Prologue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Indicators on the Basque Country 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

· Main gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

· Monographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

-Labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

-Business demography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

-RTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

-Portrait of the North Basque Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

-Regional indicators of the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

The year in figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Expert analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Studies from 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Press file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country . . . . .61


Crisis without end
2009 has been tough. However you want to
look at it, it's been a hard year. In all fields, in
economic and social aspects it has also been a
long, difficult year. The downturn is affecting
all economic and social agents, and the Bas-
que Country is no exception. All the alarm
bells are ringing and we have all set to work to
survive, to the best of our abilities.
It has not been a good year for the articu-
lation and development of the Basque
Xabier Isasi Balanzategi Country. Legal cases against Euskal Herriko La-
President of Gaindegia borantza Ganbara and the detention and im-
prisonment of the trade unionist Rafa Diez
Usabiaga, member of the Gaindegia Board of
Directors, are just two examples of the addi-
tional difficulties we have suffered. The arti-
culation process for the Basque Country has
been weakened, not only on the weather
maps, but above all in the absence of common
policies to tackle this crisis.
However, despite the difficulties, the cri-
sis has once again demonstrated the impor-
tance of the economic and social dimensions
for the Basque Country. We remain absolutely
convinced that working with a complete Bas-
que Country, with better inter-territory cohe-
sion, we would have better tools and greater
resources to fight the crisis. There is no point
in neighbouring territorial administrations
competing with each other to tackle common
Introduction
problems. Dependency on the state is absurd
when this only makes the crisis worse, as in the
case of the Spanish state or it sacrifices the de-
velopment of one territory to benefit another,
as occurs in France with the North Basque
Country.
With or without the crisis, Gaindegia has
been going for five years! Looking back on our
work so far, we are satisfied with what we
have done: the observatory seed is germina-
ting. The resources made available for Gain-
degia have been used correctly and effecti-
vely. This publication, for the third year run-
ning, serves as a good example.
We have demonstrated the clear need for
the Observatory for the Basque Country's eco-
nomic and social development. However, this
project needs much more help and more con-
tributions than it has received to date. We
have demonstrated that it is possible to com-
pile, harmonise and diffuse good quality in-
formation on the Basque Country as a whole,
in sufficient quantity. Now we face a challen-
ge: to get the economic and social agents that
form the backbone of the Basque Country to
move forward, cooperating and working in a
network to structure the Basque Country ob-
servatory. At the end of the day, these agents
are the foundations of the observatory that
puts the Basque Country on the map.
5
 Prologue

Original text:
Spanish

Juan Mari Ollora Otxoa De Aspuru

(Economist)

I transform what to all extents and purposes looked like a de-

Dear readers, pression into a serious economic recession. This is indicative of
You are holding the "Gaindegia Report 2009". It is a fine re- how close we were to an economic and/or social debacle with
port outlining the most significant aspects of what went on in unforeseeable consequences and developments for the whole
the Basque economy and society during 2009. of Humanity.
It is not only unusual but practically B) From a technical point of view and regarding the
impossible to find this kind of work or action of the Central Banks (Federal Reserve, Central
even one-off information featuring the European Bank, etc.), the "decision" and "maximum
whole Basque Country as its field of analy- execution" of the measures implemented made a po-
sis, study and observation. This is the ugly, werful impression on me. This was (and still is) lite-
and for some sad, truth about information rally a crisis that is being resolved by flooding the
gathering and publishing. world financial system with money, increasing the
So this then, at least in my opinion, is system's monetary basis by unimaginable propor-
the first virtue of the study that I am lucky tions. To quote the President of the North American
enough to be introducing. Federal Reserve, Mr Bernanke, they will be "thro-
This is a piece of work that overcomes wing money out of helicopters if necessary".
political-administrative divisions to offer an C) Silly me. I thought I'd seen it all in terms of
annual snapshot of aspects of Basque life. public account management and (political) admi-
Maybe we don't like what we see. nistrators, but this was not the case. Once again,
Other Basques do not even wish to see us pre- i Ollora Otxoa de it has been demonstrated that our capacity for
Juan Mar
sented in this way, as a whole, but neverthe- Aspuru self-deception and/or cynicism regarding public
less here we are. Economist life is infinite, given that the Spanish Govern-
And this is what we have done in 2009. ment's attitude to "handling" the crisis cannot be
classified any other way: either cynical or in-
II competent. Firstly, regarding the economic downturn, they
My commission to write this prologue originates from a missive started by repeatedly denying it and later owned up to it, too
sent to me by Xabier Isasi Balanzategi, President of Gaindegia. little too late. Along
He wrote "The job comprises writing the PROLOGUE for the pu- the way they media-
blication. This is a personal commentary focussing and com- ted the application
menting on the issues that have attracted your attention in the of a series of insuffi-
economic and/or social news during 2009." cient, ineffective
As I am by nature an obedient person, I am going to attempt and poorly concei-
to comply with my commission by adapting its methodological ved measures. It was (is) clearly a crisis
content (commenting on issues that have caught my eye in 2009) Strictly spea-
whilst adding just one extra aspect: I aim to talk about 2010 and king, the downturn
caused by excessive
what might occur. in the Spanish eco- growth in the wrong
Let's go. nomy had been diag- direction (excess real
nosed sufficiently
III early. It was (is) cle- estate sector) following
Economically and socially, 2009 was the year of the crash. Not arly a crisis caused inappropriate
one economic and/or social parameter or variable has behaved by excessive growth
positively. Within this dismal landscape the following facts have in the wrong direc-
development guidelines
made an impact on me. tion (excess real es-
A) The coordination and agreement undertaken by the Cen- tate sector) follo-
tral Banks (for the main economic areas and zones) to try and wing inappropriate

6
 Prologue

For me, 2009, was also development guide- tem, the whole Social Security model will undergo major re-
the year of the definitive lines. These guideli- forms, from the largest to the smallest entity, depending on the
nes were characteri- needs of the situation and political conjuncture.
break between the sed by consumption 2010 will also be a year where we might see what might be
financial and productive and investment qualified as "events derived from the xenophobic consequences
growth rates higher of the crisis". Here I believe that it might be appropriate to apply
economy than internal wealth a little common sense, and not be afraid to apply demands for
could be created ba- rights and obligations in equal terms and learn from our neigh-
sed, as a consequen- bours' experience.
ce of the growth, on I'd like 2010 to be a year when public powers call time on or
external debt due to at least lose their reverential fear of the Financial System (Banks
insufficient internal and Building Societies), aware that banks are only ever going to
savings, etc. When look after number one and that, consequently, they are not going
the plug was pulled to prioritise business survival.
on external credit, Measures should be arbitrated for when the Financial Sys-
due to the crisis in tem receives public aid so that this money is also guaranteed to
the International Fi- reach the real and productive economy because in the Basque
nancial system, business world today, there are many projects awaiting normal
everything came tumbling down. financing, demanding "standardised" treatment or if you wish,
D) For me, 2009, was also the year of the definitive break deserving of as much privilege as the whole Financial System
between the financial and productive economy. If one thing is tends to give only to itself.
clear, for public powers in most developed countries the former More specifically, in 2010, the evolution of the Basque eco-
(financial economy) matters more than the latter (the produc- nomy will perform a little better compared to its surrounding
tive economy). Many actions undertaken since the beginning of area. Unemployment figures will rise less, employment will
the crisis have been focussed on saving the financial system. fall less, it will grow
Help has come in the form of massive injections of liquidity, a little more. To get
interest rates close to zero and generous help for the banking there, we are de-
system so they can redress their balances and restore their da- pending on how
maged operating accounts. much and how well
However, all this has been done using public money, sepa- the French and Ger-
rated off by the private sector and generated by the real and man economies re- In 2010, the evolution of
transforming economy (via savings and taxes) without their cover and the force
agents (businesses) receiving any corresponding counter-servi- and competition the Basque economy
ces in the form of circulation of credit, to be able to develop that Basque pro- will perform a little
projects and maintain or create employment. ducts can summon
up to penetrate the-
better compared to its
IV) se markets. In this surrounding
What can we expect in 2010? Of course, one of the best way, recovery will area
things that could happen is that, in terms of growth rates, the move forward soo-
economy might at least hold steady and not decrease anymore ner.
because very little else is expected in 2010 in terms of a boost I would like 2010
from the different components of the Gross Domestic Product to be the year that
(variable expressing the growth in an economic space). you all imagine and
2010 will also be the year of unavoidable structural reforms that all Basques wish
within the economy. The employment market, the pensions sys- for...

7
Indicators
on the Basque
Country 2009
Presenting and analysing
the main indicators
 Indicators on the Basque Country 2009

POPULATION AND TERRITORY Year BC EU USA JAPAN

POPULATION (THOUSAND) 1999-2009 2,900.93 3,089.60 481,617.95 499,723.52 272,690.81 299,398.481 126,689 127,7721

SURFACE AREA AND DENSITY PER POPULATION (PEOPLE/KM )

2 1999-2009 140.84 150.02 112.10 116.29 30.46 32.68 344.12 347.11

POPULATION PER AGE GROUP (%) < =14 1999-2008 12.80 13.38 17.46 15.68 21.43 20.29 12.67 12.45

POPULATION PER AGE GROUP (%) > =65 1999-2008 14.43 18.65 15.41 17.06 12.67 12.45 16.42 20.82

BIRTHS (PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS) 2001-2008 8.91 10.26 10.38 10.90

DEATHS (PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS) 2001-2008 8.90 9.07 9.90 9.73

Source: INE, EUROSTAT

ECONOMY9 Year BC EU USA JAPAN

GDP PER INHABITANT (PPP IN EUROS) 2000-2007 22,585 33,014 19,100 24,900 30,700 38,800 22,300 27,900

WORKFORCE PRODUCTIVITY (PER EMPLOYEE) 2000-2007 56,002 72,361 45,643 56,302 63,263 77,654 1
43,789 53,3611

BUSINESS INVESTMENT (% OF GDP) 2000-2008 25.70 23.17 20.64 21.09 20.32 18.47 25.18 23.31

RTD INVESTMENT OVER THE GDP (% OF GDP) 1999-2008 0.95 1.79 1.83 1.90 2.63 2.622
3.02 3.442

EXPORT (% OF GDP) 2006-2008 26.45 28.67 39.60 41.20 11.00 12.70 16.10 17.50

IMPORT (% OF GDP) 2006-2008 25.54 25.83 39.20 40.80 16.70 17.60 14.90 17.40

DEGREE OF BALANCE ECONOMY OPENINGS (% OF GDP) 2006-2008 0.91 2.84 0.40 0.40 -5.70 -4.90 1.30 0.10

AVAILABLE INCOME PER ACTIVE PERSON (IN EUROS)7 2001-2006 27,060 34,689
Source: EUSTAT, INE, IEN, INSEE, EUROSTAT

SOCIETY Year BC EU USA JAPAN

EDUCATION LEVEL (%)3 2006 41.16 41.59

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES PER THOUSAND 2003-2006 22.48 22.88 12.30 10.90 10.30 13.20 14.40

EMPLOYMENT RATE (15-64 YEARS OLD) (%) 1999-2009 57.06 63.81 62.50 4
65.90 4
73.90 4
70.90 4
68.90 4
70.704

FEMALE EMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 1999-2009 42.99 56.40 53.004 59.004 67.604 65.504 56.704 59.74

EMPLOYMENT RATE FOR POPULATION (55-64 YEARS OLD) (%) 2001-2008 35.46 44.69 38.80 45.60 58.60 62.10 62.00 66.30

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 1999-2009 8.70 8.90 4.00 9.30 4.70 5.10

According to EUSTAT 1999-2009 13.77 8.65

According to INE 1999-2009 12.51 10.69

FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 1999-2008 9.80 7.50 4.10 5.40 4.50 3.80

According to EUSTAT 1999-2009 20.43 9.02

According to INE 1999-2009 19.26 12.01

LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 2001-2008 3.90 2.60 0.30 0.60 1.30 1.30

According to EUSTAT 2001-2008 3.62 1.03

According to INE 2001-2008 7.52 3.78

POVERTY RISK RATE AFTER SOCIAL TRANSFER (%) 2004-2008 11.66 7.50 16.00 17.00

SOCIAL SPENDING AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP 2000-2005 18.86 6

19.32 6 27.10
Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE, INCE, EUROSTAT.

1= last data 2006.
2= last data 2007.
3= minimun level secondary education.
4= data from 2008.
5= the data calculation methodology for the Basque Country within the EU
corresponds to what was agreed in the Lisbon Strategy in 2000:
60% of the median minimum wage.
6= data from 2005. Update on the data of the 2010 of GDP.
7= data reviewed in 2010.
8= definitive data of the North Basque Country.
9= all the indices related to the GDP have been reviewed.
10= data from 2003 reviewed and updated estimation.
11= the data of the previous year was picked up of EUSTAT. To not having
updates for this year, we have been used INE´s.

10
 Main gallery

Followed comparative of indicators between Basque Country and Finland.

Finland is one of the States in Europe with a similar technological level.
POPULATION AND TERRITORY8 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2,892 2,947 2,962 2,974 2,995 3,015 3,029 3,061 3,089
POPULATION (THOUSAND)
5,181 5,194 5,206 5,219 5,236 5,255 5,276 5,300 5,326
SURFACE AREA AND DENSITY PER POPULATION 138.00 142.76 143.37 143.84 144.73 146.40 146.99 148.43 150.02
(PEOPLE/KM2) 17.00 17.10 17.10 17.20 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.48 17.56
12.52 12.51 12.59 12.70 12.83 13.01 13.20 13.38
POPULATION PER AGE GROUP (%) < =14
19.16 19.01 18.87 18.71 18.56 18.35 18.19 17.99 17.85
18.30 18.28 18.40 18.43 18.39 18.80 18.63 18.65
POPULATION PER AGE GROUP (%) > =65
15.00 15.16 15.34 15.58 15.87 16.01 16.46 16.51 16.75
8.00 9.03 9.53 9.61 9.57 9.80 9.87 10.26
BIRTHS (PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS)
10.84 10.69 10.88 11.07 11.03 11.20 11.13 11.23
8.70 9.05 9.34 8.99 9.22 8.90 9.04 9.07
DEATHS (PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS)
9.37 9.51 9.41 9.12 9.15 9.15 9.30 9.26

ECONOMY9 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

23,649 25,095 25,447 26,803 28,449 30,709 33,014
GDP PER INHABITANT (PPP IN EUROS)
22,800 23,500 23,300 25,200 25,700 27,000 29,400 29,300
57,240 58,964 59,116 61,304 64,042 68,200 72,361
WORKFORCE PRODUCTIVITY (PER EMPLOYEE)
50,582 51,575 51,134 55,620 56,914 59,105 63,491 62.331
20.24 20.80 21.47 22.09 22.64 22.95 23.35 23.17
BUSINESS INVESTMENT (% OF GDP)
19.48 17.96 18.13 18.29
1.10 1.10 1.23 1.26 1.37 1.49 1.69 1.79
RTD INVESTMENT OVER THE GDP (% OF GDP)
3.3 3.36 3.43 3.45 3.48 3.45 3.47 3.72
26.45 27.58 28.67
EXPORT (% OF GDP)
41.5 40.6 38.7 39.9 41.8 45.50 45.90 47.10
25.54 25.52 25.83
IMPORT (% OF GDP)
32.2 31.3 31.9 33.4 37.7 40.80 40.60 43.10

DEGREE OF BALANCE ECONOMY OPENINGS 0.91 2.05 2.84

(% OF GDP) 9.4 9.2 6.8 6.5 4.1 4.7 5.2 4.0

AVAILABLE INCOME PER ACTIVE PERSON 27,060 28,049 29,171 30,691 32,582 34,689
(IN EUROS) 25,138 26,355 27,901 29,379 29,593 30,262

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

SOCIETY
BC FI BC FI BC FI BC FI BC FI BC FI BC FI BC FI

10
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES PER THOUSAND 19.86 17.20 17.40 22.48 17.40 17.90 22.46 18.10 22.88 17.90 18.80

EMPLOYMENT RATE (15-64 YEARS OLD) (%) 58.84 55.9 60.84 55.8 61.65 55.4 62.68 55.2 63.82 55.7 65.01 56.3 66.26 57.0 66.21 57.6

FEMALE EMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 45.31 51.3 48.04 51.9 50.34 51.4 52.29 51.2 53.83 51.9 55.70 52.5 56.47 53.2 57.81 53.6

EMPLOYMENT RATE FOR POPULATION (55-64 YEARS OLD) 35.46 45.7 38.00 47.8 38.29 49.6 39.16 50.9 42.47 52.7 43.18 54.5 44.49 55.0 44.69 56.5

11
POVERTY RISK RATE AFTER SOCIAL TRANSFER (%) 29.0 28.0 28.0 11.66 29.0 9.81 28.0 10.09 29.0 10.67 29.0 7.50 28.0

SOCIAL SPENDING AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP 19.23 24.9 19.62 25.7 19.77 26.6 19.63 26.7 19.32 26.8 26.2 25.4

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 9.1 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.4 7.7 6.9 9.4

According to EUSTAT 9.85 7.87 8.08 7.48 7.13 4.57 3.87 4.64 8.65

According to INE 8.87 8.79 8.70 8.88 6.98 6.62 5.87 6.53 7.81

FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 9.7 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.6 8.1 7.2 6.7

According to EUSTAT 26.02 11.50 10.60 9.31 7.23 5.54 4.46 5.41 9.02

According to INE 13.24 13.04 11.60 11.18 9.04 8.62 7.59 7.81 12.01

LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.2

According to EUSTAT 3.62 2.86 2.50 2.58 1.84 1.36 0.88 1.03

According to INE 7.52 6.40 6.82 7.09 4.43 4.70 3.89 3.78

BASQUE COUNTRY FINLAND

11
 Indicators on the Basque Country 2009

A critical look at the Basque Country´s economic indicators

Nekane Jurado · Graduate in Economic Sciences, Actuarial Sciences and Psychology
Masters in the Inland Revenue and Public Administrations

In 2009 it became clear that the crisis is not just an economic are being excluded from this
crisis, it is also an ecological crisis, affecting food, health, gen- design. They are therefore
der relations and values; it is a crisis affecting the paradigm of suffering to a large extent
civilisation developed by capitalism, in short a crisis for the ide- from spatial exclusion linked
ological model that it upholds. to access to most of the ser-
These values have led to a situation where the Basque vices and leisure.
Country has become a society ruled by heavy handed legisla- The birth rate has reco-
tion. General insecurity in the standard of living for the vast ma- vered by more than one point
jority of the population: immigrants, women, young people, old over the last decade, now
people, has occurred as a result of the Public Sector's active in- standing at 10.26 births for
tervention, by passing laws that deregulate and remove pro- every 1000 inhabitants. This Nekane Jurado
tection from the employment market and devalue social pro- has raised the weight of the
tection. However, this reality is revealed within statistical ave- collective of minors under
rages that cancel out any extremes or inequality, so it is impor- 14 years old, who represent
tant now to analyse the Basque Country's structural indicators 13.38% although still 2.3
from its back room. points below the EU average.
The population is continuing its progressive rise thanks to However, economic indicators become particularly impor-
migration. There are 3,089,600 people spread throughout its te- tant in the midst of a downturn. The increase in GDP throughout
rritory, representing a density of 150.2 persons/km2, compared the decade has put the Basque Country annual income per
to 116 in the EU. However, this data is just one way of presen- inhabitant at 33,014€, 33% higher than the EU However the
ting the figures as the real situation involves more than 70% of truth is that the minimum wage (8,736 €)1, the average pension
the total population living in the Basque capitals. (12,180 €) or the salaries of the low-paid majority (young peo-
Constant aging, 1.5 points higher than the EU average, de- ple, women, immigrants) are a long way from this figure. The
monstrates that 18.6% of the population is over 65. This co- average only hides the great concentration of wealth in the Bas-
llective is most affected by the design of Euskal Hiria (Basque que Country (much higher than any country in the EU) leading
City), as they are being left behind in population nuclei that to a situation where 34.4%n of young people aged between 18-

SOCIAL SPENDING (%) WORKFORCE PRODUCTIVITY PER EMPLOYEE (€)

evolution evolution
2000-05 0,46%  2000-07 29,21% 
77,654.06
72,361.18

63,491.91
63,263.53

80000
56,302.57
56,002.18

53,361.20

30 2007
50,228.68

26.50 27.10 26.80 2005 70000

45,643.50

43,789.61

25.1 2000
25
2000 60000
20 18.86 19.32 50000
40000
15
30000
10 20000

5 10000
0
0 BC EU USA* Japan* Finland
BC EU* FI

29.21%  23.35%  22.74%  21.85%  26.4% 

0.46% 0.60% 1.70%  *last data to USA and Japan 2006
*last data from 2005 to EU-25
Source: EUSTAT, INE, EUROSTAT Source: EUSTAT, NEI, EUROSTAT

12

44 years old cannot leave their parental home because they do
not have sufficient economic resources.
Without forgetting that spending on social protection as
a percentage of Basque Country GDP stands almost 10 points be-
low EU figures, reflected in much lower pensions, and other so-
cial spending indicators (education, health, housing, family).
Productivity stands at 72,361€ per employee, 29% higher
than the EU. The current problem in our economy is not low
productivity but low consumption and remedial measures
should not involve freezing salaries and destroying jobs but,
on the contrary, letting employees feel the benefit of this pro-
ductivity and creating new jobs to provide an incentive for con-
sumption.
Spending on research and development (RTD) stan-
ding at 1.79% of GDP is a long way from the European target of
3% for 2010, far below the EU average and a million miles away
from Sweden or Finland that invest more than double the Bas-
que Country figure.
Although business investment (23.17%) has dropped,
it is still higher than the EU, Japan or USA although we should
remember that this value represents the total business in-
vestment, including financial investments or investments in
property, and given their speculative nature, particularly in
the Basque real estate sector, this type of business investment
was higher in the Basque Country than in the EU.
The general employment rate, 63.81% (2009) is a little
lower than the EU figures, and female employment is separa-
ting off from the general average, 56.40%, and is lower than
the EU figure. However, this rate hides the dual nature of em-
ployment, involving a work sector protected by trade union
agreement rights, seniority, benefit plans, etc; and an increasing
RTD INVESTMENT OVER DE GDP (%)
evolution
1999-08
0,84% 
4,0
2008
3,5
1999
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
BC EU USA Japan Finland
0.84%  0.07%  0.01%  0.42% 0.56% 
Source: INE, EUROSTAT
Indicators on the Basque Country 2009
number of workers in insecure situations, with diminishing sa-
laries and rights. Employers seem to be making the most of this
downturn to "clean up" their workforce and, as far as possible,
get rid of the top layer of workers (early retirements, incenti-
ves for redundancy, downsizing plans) to be replaced (when
"production circumstances improve") by insecure workers.
These double standards have led to the crisis in the Basque
Country destroying more employment than in the EU, with an
unemployment rate that is going to go from being the lo-
west in the EU to double its previous figure within the space of
two years. We can expect the 2009 data to alter this compari-
son by reflecting an employment rate (both general and fe-
male) that is lower than the EU. Who would believe that scien-
ce and technology training rates (22.87% in 2006) are over
the EU average?
It stands out that among the collective aged 55 to 65, the
employment rate of 44.69% is almost a third lower than the
average (affected by early retirements, long term unemploy-
ment); this data can shed light on the pensions debate, just by
incorporating this collective into the work market, their con-
tribution would be much greater than extending retirement
age by 2 years.
1.-The minimum wage in terms of purchasing power is around 40% lo-
wer than the average minimum wage for the Eurozone. We head the "poor
workers" statistics representing people who are active in the employment
market although their income does not bring them over the poverty thres-
holds.
2.-Poverty and Social Inequalities Report 2008. Published by the Bas-
que Government (March 2009). This data is provided every four years and
the growth is rocketing: 8.4% in 1996; 15.2% in 2000 and 21.7% in 2004.
BUSINESS INVESTMENT % OF GDP
evolution
2000-08
2,53% 
2008
30 2000
25
20
15
BC EU USA Japan
2.53%  0.45%  1.85%  1.87% 
Source: EUSTAT, IEN, INSEE, EUROSTAT
13
 Monographs: Labour market

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EVOLUTION, 2007-2009

The South Basque Country according to EUSTAT The South Basque Country according to EUSTAT 2007-2009
Evolution %
BC
2009
BC
2009 EUSTAT INE
2008 2008

The North
2007
The North
2007 Araba 7.57 6.35
Basque Country Basque Country
Gipuzkoa 3.91 4.14
Navarre Navarre
Bizkaia 4.64 5.03
Bizkaia Bizkaia Navarre 6.12 6.12
The North Basque
Gipuzkoa Gipuzkoa Country
1.03 1.03

Araba Araba
BC* 4.78 4.82
*Note: source for Gaindegia EUSTAT to elaborate
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 3 6 9 12 15
Basque Country´s indicator.

In the 2007-2009 period unemployment rose 4.78 points, from 3.87% to 8.65%. The recession started to rear its head in the data
from 2008 although in Basque Country regions, these changes only appeared in 2009. Two aspects should be highlighted: Araba suffe-
red the highest rise, 7.57% whilst in the North Basque Country the unemployment rate remained practically the same for this period,
rising only 0.92%. Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE, EUROSTAT

EMPLOYMENT RATE EVOLUTION, 2007-2009

Looking at the employment rate, the economic downturn has

damaged men to a greater extent than women in the employment
77% 75.58%
80 71.18% Female market. Whilst the female employment rate only decreased 0.68%
Male
70 between 2007 and 2009, the male rate dropped 4.54%.
57.69% 59.04% 56.40%
60 Before the downturn, more than 35% of workers were tempo-
50
rary, whilst this figure now stands at 20% in BAC and 24% in Nava-
40
rre. Regarding part-time work, the data shows that this type of
30
work predominates above all among women: in Navarre 23% of
20
women and 4% of men work part time, and in the BAC, these fi-
gures are 26% and 4% and in the North Basque Country 33% and 7%.
10
The weighting for part-time work has barely changed due to the
0
2007 2008 2009 downturn. (ref: Mertxe Larrañaga, see Expert Analysis section).
Source: INE, EUROSTAT
EVOLUTION OF EMPLOYMENT RATE ACCORDING TO SECTORS 2007-2008

Evolution of construction employment rate, 2007-08 Employment rate

according to sectors 2007 2008 07- 08
in BC, 07-08
2007
BC 2008 Agriculture 1,53 1,52 -0,01
Araba Industry 16,43 16,81 0,38

Gipuzkoa Construction 6,34 5,98 -0,36

Bizkaia Services 43,25 43,26 0,02

Navarre

The North
Construction 2007-2008
Basque Country
Araba 0.09
0 2 4 6 8 10
Gipuzkoa 0.21
Bizkaia -0.33
The importance of the construction sector in the Basque Country fell from 6.34% to 5.98% Navarre -1.43
in the period 2007-2008. Navarre has been the most affected region, with 1.43%. However, the The North Basque Country 0.07
trend was different in Gipuzkoa and the North Basque Country and Araba where employment
BC -0.36
in the construction sector has grown 0.21% and 0.08% in the both rest.
Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE, EUROSTAT

14
 Monographs: Business demography

EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, 2006-08

2006 2007 2008 2006-2008 (%)

The North Basque Country 24,551 25,128 25,888 5.40
Araba 26,557 27,135 27,896 5.04
Gipuzkoa 53,114 54,270 55,792 5.04
Bizkaia 95,871 101,900 104,838 9.3
Navarre 46,016 48,402 49,462 7.4
TOTAL 246,109 256,835 263,876 7.20

In 2008 there were 263,876 companies in the Basque Country, 7.2% more companies than in 2006. This growth can be seen in all
the Basque provinces, although it should be highlighted that whilst growth was 5% in Araba, Gipuzkoa and the North Basque Country,
in Navarre and above all in Bizkaia, growth stood at 7.4% and 9.3% respectively.

EVOLUTION OF ESTABLISHMENTS BY SECTORS, 2006-08

2006-2008 (%)
300000 Industry 4.1
Industry
250000 Construction Construction 10.89
200000 Services Services 7.8
150000
100000 Companies in the construction sector received the biggest
boost in the Basque Country in the period 06-08. There are
50000
10.89% more construction companies, meaning that there are a
0 total of 14,682 more companies in this sector. On the other hand,
2006 2007 2008
although growth of service companies was just 7.8%, there are
a total of 21,068 more companies in this sector.

BALANCE OF ESTABLISHMENTS BY SECTORS, 06-07/ 07-08

06-07
07-08
4,391
Services
11,894
In two years, 17,767 new companies were cre-
ated in the Basque Country. If we look at the pe-
2,119 riods, from 2006 to 2007, 15,967 new companies
Construction were created, whilst from 2007 to 2008 this figure
3,594
was 6,421. The industrial sector was the only sec-
tor to register negative growth, due to the fact that
-89 89 companies closed in the period 07-08.
Industry
479
Source: INE, INSEE

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

15
 Monographs: RTD

RTD INVESTMENT OVER % OF GDP

2006 2007 2008 06-08 (%)
BAC 1.55 1.83 1.97 0.41
Navarre 1.85 1.82 1.87 0.02
Total
NBC 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00
Spending on Research and De-
BC 1.49 1.69 1.79 0.30
velopment in the Basque Country
BAC 1.22 1.49 1.59 0.37 has risen 0.30%. However, spending
Navarre 1.25 1.20 1.29 0.03 just 1.79% of GDP is a long way off
Companies the 3% set by the European Union
NBC 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00
BC 1.13 1.32 1.40 0.28 for 2010. By province, Araba, Biz-
BAC 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.03 kaia and Gipuzkoa have made the
Public Navarre 0.14 0.20 0.15 0.01 most effort to increase spending, by
Administration NBC 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.42%. This figure stands at 0.02% in
BC 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.02 Navarre and it remains the same in
BAC 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.01 the North Basque Country for the
Note: the data of the
Higher Navarre 0.46 0.43 0.43 -0.02 North Basque Country period 06-08.
education NBC 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 among 2006 - 2008 are
estimations of Gaindegia. Source: INE, EUROSTAT
BC 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.00

PEOPLE WORKING IN RTD %

2005 2006 2007 2005-2007 As a percentage of active popula-

BAC 1.37 1.39 1.57 0,20 tion, people working in Research and
Total
Navarre 1.64 1.86 1.68 0.04 Development have risen 0.15% from
NBC 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 2005 to 2007. If we analyse the evo-
BC 1.44 1.49 1.59 0.15 lution of employees per sector, we
BAC 0.99 1.02 1.17 0.18 can see that there has also been a rise
Navarre 0.82 1.02 0.93 0.11
Companies in the number of people working in
NBC 0.51 0.57 0.56 0.05
companies and in public administra-
BC 0.91 0.98 1.07 0.15
tions, 0.15% and 0.02% respectively.
BAC 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.02
Navarre 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.02
On the other hand, RTD employees
Public
Administration NBC 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
have dropped 0.02% in higher educa-
BC 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.02 tion, although this reduction in per-
BAC 0.32 0.30 0.32 0.00 sonnel occurred mainly in Navarre,
Higher Navarre 0.74 0.75 0.66 -0.08 Note: the data of the with 0.08%. In the remaining provin-
North Basque Country
education NBC 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.00 among 2005 - 2007 are ces, higher education staff remained
estimations of Gaindegia.
BC 0.39 0.37 0.37 -0.02 the same as the period 05-07.
Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE, EUROSTAT

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES BETWEEN 20-29 PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS

The number of young Science and Technology gra-
duates in the Basque Country rose 0.42% between
2005 and 2006, from 22.46% to 22.88% to be precise.
2005
2006
However, in the same period, the number of young
30 people decreased in the North Basque Country,
24.9 25.6 1.57%. It must be taken into account that the Mon-
25
22.4 22
taury Science pole in Anglet has undergone conside-
20 18.7 05-06 (%) rable development and these changes will bear their
17.1
15.4 15.8 BAC 0.70 fruit in the next few years. (Ref: see the Expert
15
Navarre 0.40 Analysis section, Eguzki Urteaga).
10 NBC -1.56

5
BC 0.42

0
BAC Navarre The North BC Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE, EUROSTAT
Basque Country

16
 Monographs: Portrait of the North Basque Country

HOW THE POPULATION HAS EVOLVED IN EACH ZONE, 1968-2006

1968-2006
300000 Inland Coast 35,512

250000 Intermediate zone Intermediate zone 32,881

Coast
200000 Inland -6,984

150000
Over the last 40 years, the population along the coast
100000 has become 1.3 times higher and 1.8 times higher in the in-
termediate zone. Inland areas have lost almost 7000 inha-
50000
bitants over these four decades (despite the fact that the
0 trend has been changing over the last few years). The same
1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006
thing is happening along the entire Basque coast, particu-
larly in the capitals: Bilbao, San Sebastian, BAB.
YOUTH AND AGING RATE IN EACH ZONE

33.5 The coast and inland area record the highest aging
35
30.7 29.2 29.6 rate (percentage of the population over 60 years old).
28.5 >60 %
30
30> % On the other hand, the highest youth rate is in the in-
22.7
25
termediate zone (percentage of the population under
20 30 years old). In the South Basque Country, people over
15 60 years old represent 23.7% and under 30's 24%.
10
In the North Basque Country, 31.7% of the popula-
tion is under 30. The population of the North Basque
5
Country is quite young compared with the average in
0
Coast Intermediate zone Inland the Basque Country, 24.9%, but proportionally there
are more young people in Aquitaine, 34.1%. On the
other hand, the differences between zones are small.

NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 25 PER FAMILY AND ZONE

Inland
Intermediari zone
4 &+ Coast

3
More than half the families do not have children,
52.3%. Furthermore, the size of the families has
2
dropped over the last 7 years. For example, in Araba,
Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia the average family size dropped
1 from 3.3 to 2.8 between 1991 and 2001.
Source: INSEE, POLE EMPLOI, INE, EUSTAT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

17
 Monographs: Regional indicators of the European Union

GDP €/ inhab., 2006

11. BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG - DE1
10. ZEELAND - NL34
9. RHÔNE-ALPES - FR71
8. EUSKAL HERRIA - EH
7. STEIERMARK - AT22
6. BRETAGNE - FR52
5. POITOU-CHARENTES - FR53
4. ITÄ-SUOMI - FI13
3. RÉGION WALLONNE - BE3
2. BRANDENBURG - DE4
1. MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERN - DE80
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Note: the election of the regions derives from the work carried out by Mikel Navarro and its work group.

YEAR 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2006

Gross income Human ressources Average

Upper studies
of in Science and number of
Regions GDP €/ inhab. Activity rate on the total
householdes Technology per hours worked
in %
in € 10.000 inhabitants per week

MECKLENBURG-
19,200 14,260.9 2,385.82 37 54.21 12.21
1 VORPOMMERN- DE80
BRANDENBURG-DE4 19,700 14,992 2,609.99 36.2 54.74 11.20
2
3 RÉGION WALLONNE- BE3 21,700 15,161.6 2,208.58 36.1 42.14 13.45

4 ITÄ-SUOMI- FI13 23,500 13,752.5 2,028.12 37.7 45.77 19.77

POITOU-CHARENTES -
5 23,800 16,918.5 1,783.74 37.6 12.75
FR53
6 BRETAGNE - FR52 25,200 16,671.2 2,242.30 39.4 14.42

7 STEIERMARK -AT22 26,900 17,955.9 1,808.93 38.9 49.64 18.16

8 BASQUE COUNTRY- EH 27,933 16,980.5 2,770.29 38.1 47.58 19.51

9 RHÔNE-ALPES -FR71 29,100 18,288.6 2,147.76 37.3 15.54

10 ZEELAND - NL34 29,500 15,129.6 2,314.60 31.3 50.78 5.24

BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG-
11 31,400 19,842.3 2,551.12 35.1 52.00 12.66
DE1

18
The year in
figures
 The year in figures

-22.2% In the South Basque Country, the industrial production

rate dropped 22.2% in Navarre and 20.9% in Araba, Biz-
kaia and Gipuzkoa between 2008 and 2009. Diminishing
industrial activity has been similar throughout the South
Basque Country but if we compare this data to figures
from December 2008, comparing the monthly rate, pro-
duction rose 14.5% in Navarre in December 2009 whilst
it dropped 2.7% in Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa.
Source: EUSTAT, INE.

23.17%
Argazki Press

34%
Between 1995 and 2007, Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa were
In 2008, the business investment in the Basque Country was
23.17% of GDP, similar to Japan. Since 2000, business investment
the main suppliers and the main customers for the Nava- has dropped 2.53% in the Basque Country. The EU evolution has
rre economy. In this way, the average purchasing volume also been downwards in the 00-08 period, standing at an avera-
from the three provinces in Navarre was 25.3% and sales ge of 21.09% for 2008. Investment in the USA was 18.47%.
stood at 34% during the aforementioned period. We have Source: EUROSTAT
seen several changes however as on the one hand quotas
have fallen, both for sales and purchasing between 2003
and 2007, although the volume of purchasing from the Na-
varre economy in Araba, Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia improved

125%
slightly in the period 2005-2007, but not the sales.
Source: www.c-intereg.es

BANKOA was the bank with the highest delinquency cover rate

80
In 2009, the number of deaths in work-related accidents in the
Basque Country stood at 80 workers. The number of deaths in
work-related accidents has dropped over the last three years.
Between 2007 and 2008, there were 10.4% less deaths in the Bas-
que Country, dropping from 125 to 112. On the other hand, from
2008 to 2009 the number of deaths due to work-related accidents
in the Basque Country dropped 28.6%, from 112 to 80.
Source: LAB trade union
from among all the Basque banks, building societies and loan
cooperatives, with 125% coverage and a low delinquency rate
of 1.59%. It is followed by IPAR KUTXA, with a default cover
rate of 102% and a delinquency rate of 2.24% in September
2009. As far as coverage is concerned, the remaining entities
offered figures between 60 and 95% and whilst their delin-
quency rate was between 2.5% and 4%.
Source: Data published by the credit entities, CECA and AEB. See: The work produced by
Ana Beraza on page 29.

1.79%
In 2008, RTD spending in the Basque Country was 1.79% of GDP, a
long way from the 3% Europe set for 2010, although spending in the
Basque Country has risen from 0.95% to 1.79% in the last 10 years.
Nevertheless, although it is close to the EU-27 average of 1.9%, it is
still a long way off Finland (3.72%), Japan (3.78%) or the USA (2.62%).
Source: EUROSTAT

Argazki Press

20

28.78%
8.65%
The Basque Country closed 2009
with an unemployment rate of 8.65%
(taking the EUSTAT data as a refe-
rence). There were 4.01% more pe-
ople unemployed compared to 2008.
However, considering we are econo-
mic recession, the situation is more
positive than ten years ago, as the
unemployment rate in 1999 was
13.77%.
Source: EUSTAT, INE, INSEE
Argazki Press
4.4%
On average, public spending on health in the South Basque Country in 2007
was 4.4% of GDP, lower than spending on Cooperation Organisation and
Economic Development 6.5%. Therefore, in 2007, Navarre invested 589.7€
less per inhabitant in health and 647.7€ less in Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuz-
koa.
Source: Studies. Report on public health in the Southern Basque Country. January 2010 no. 19. Manu
The year in figures
Second homes doubled compared to first
homes in the North Basque Country
between 1999 and 2006. Whilst the num-
ber of first homes grew 12.2%, second ho-
mes rose 28.78% whilst the number of
empty homes dropped 26.27% over these
seven years.
Source: Report Socio-demographic image of
the North Basque Country, Gaindegia.
Argazki Press
15.4%
Among the main Basque ports, the port
of Bayonne reported 15.4% accumulated
7.5%
traffic growth between 2008 and 2009. In
the South Basque Country, the ports of
Pasajes and Bilbao suffered a 26.62% and
16% drop in traffic in this same period. In
2009, the port of Pasajes recorded
From 2004 to 2008, the poverty traffic of 3.4 million tonnes and Bayonne
risk rate dropped 4.16 points of 4.3 million tonnes. The accumulated
according to the statistics traffic for the port of Bilbao, on the
institutes. 2004. In 2004, 11.66% other hand, easily exceeded the other
of the total population of the two ports, with 29 million tonnes,
Basque Country was on the although it has suffered a drop of 16% in
aforementioned threshold, whilst the last year.
in 2008 this percentage dropped Source: Port of Pasajes, Port of Bilbao, Bayonne Chamber
to 7.5%. In Finland, the poverty of Commerce
risk rate dropped one point from
29% to 28%. On the other hand, in
the EU in the period 04-08, this
rate rose from 16% to 17%.
Source: INE, EUROSTAT
Note: the data calculation methodology for the
Basque Country within the EU corresponds to
what was agreed in the Lisbon Strategy in 2000:
263,876
60% of the median minimum wage.
In 2008 there were 263,876 companies in
the Basque Country, including freelancers.
17,767 new companies have been created
since 2006. 15,967 companies were created
in the 2006-2007 period and 6,421 in 2007-
2008. The industrial sector is the only sec-
tor with negative growth for 07-08 as 89
small companies closed.
Source: EUROSTAT, EUSTAT, NIE, INSEE
Robles-Arangiz Foundation.
21
Expert
analysis
• Labour market
• Basque financial institutions
• Basque productive framework
• Mobility
• Infrastructure network for the investigation
 Report: Labour market

Homework for the employment market

The current socio-economic situation has directly affec- puzkoa and Alava 31% and in Regarding the snapshot
ted the Basque employment market. The activity rate, Bizkaia 27.6%. for each sector, data
unemployment figures, employment activity per sec- Regarding the snapshot for reveals that the Basque
tor... have all performed differently as a consequence of each sector, data reveals that employment market is
the economic downturn, casting long shadows over the the Basque employment market following European
employment market. High rates of unemployment, pre- is following European Union Union trends
cariousness and low levels of work insertion for women trends, consolidating tertiary
and young people are some of the most worrying indica- sector evolution. In Alava, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa the service sec-
tors compared to European Union averages. tor employs 65% of the active population, 58% in the North
Basque Country. Despite the credit crunch laying directly into
The high unemployment rate is the most worrying characteris- construction and industry, the number of workers in the service
tic of the Basque employment market at the moment. The num- sector has risen over the last few years. This change has been
ber of people unemployed has hit a record high over the last de- noted particularly in Alava: over one year, the number of peo-
cade within the Basque employment market, with unemploy- ple working in services has grown 5%. On the contrary, the grea-
ment rates standing over 10%. Navarre has been hit the hardest, test drop has been appreciated in industry and construction: in
with an unemployment rate of 12.2%; followed closely by Biz- Alava 6% fewer people are working in industry. Construction, on
kaia with 11.8% and Alava and Gipuzkoa with 9.2% and 9% res- the other hand, has generally lost approximately 1-2% of jobs
pectively. The aforementioned territories are well above the throughout the Basque Country.
European Union average, given that the EU rate is 7.9%. The As far as working hours and salaries are concerned, the South
North Basque Country tells a different story: its unemployment Basque Country is once again a long way off the EU. The working
rate is 7.5%, and therefore under the European average. In week is currently 38.7 hours in the European Union and 40 in the
addition, the number of downsizing and redundancy plans has South Basque Country. The North Basque Country, on the other
considerably increased. In Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Navarre, for hand, does not reach the EU average, given that the working
example, more than 550 redundancy plans were authorised last week is 38 hours. Regarding salaries, the North Basque Country
year in each territory, currently affecting more than 70,000 wor- reveals better data as its average annual salary is 29,000 Euros.
kers. In Alava, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, workers receive an average sa-
Furthermore, precariousness indicators are also clear, par- lary of 23,900 Euros a year and in Navarre this stands at 22,220
ticularly in the South Basque Country. The temporary employ- Euros. The annual EU salary is 34,500 Euros.
ment rate, for example, is 22% in Alava, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Therefore, if the Basque employment market wishes to fo-
Navarre, which is well above the European average of 12.7%. llow the path of EU countries that are already coming out of the
However, on the other side of the Bidasoa figures are closer to recession, they should tackle consolidation tasks. Data reveals
the EU average, given that their rate is 12.8%. that this work is more advanced in the North Basque Country. In
As far as female insertion in the job market is concerned, the South Basque Country there are steeper hills to climb.
the South Basque Country is also behind Europe; this is de-
Estitxu Elduaien
monstrated by the female employment rate. Women have joi-
ned the employment market to a lesser extent in Bizkaia and Evolution of employment rate in Basque Country, 2007-09
Navarre, registering activity rates of 46.9% and 49.5% respecti-
vely. In Alava and Gipuzkoa this figure stands at 52%, close to
71.18%
the EU figure of 53%. The North Basque Country easily exceeds 2009
these averages, with a female employment rate of 75%. 56.40%
Along with women, young people are the other least re-
presented sector in the employment market. The North Basque 75.58%
Country has the highest em- 2008
59.04%
ployment rate for this age
High rates of
range, with 46%, above the
unemployment, 77%
EU's 43%. The remaining te- 2007
precariousness and low rritories do not even reach 57.69%
levels of work insertion 40%: In Navarre, 38% of
for women and young 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
young people are integra-
people are some of the ted in the job market, in Gi-
Female Male
most worrying indicators
Source: : EUSTAT, INE, INSEE.
24
 Expert analysis

Original text:
basque

Analysis of the labour market

Mertxe Larrañaga Sarriegi · Applied Economics I UPV/EHU

Nowadays everyone's major concern is Araba, Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia. After the crisis, the
unemployment; or at least this is what the sur- difference is negative in Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa
veys tell us and, taking a look at the figures, this meaning that for the first time since statistics
is no surprise. The great economic recession that began the rate of female unemployment is lower
we are experiencing will have really harmful than the male rate. In Araba however, the diffe-
effects on the employment market, both the for- La rrañ aga rence has increased due to the fact that male
Mertxe
mal and informal market, in addition to jobs that Sarriegi unemployment has quadrupled and female figu-
are done outside this market. In summary, it has res have risen 4.7 points. The most significant
represented major losses in formal employment, difference is found in Navarre and the North Basque
which is clearly demonstrated by the rise in unemployment fi- Country, before the crisis but this difference has dropped signi-
gures. On the contrary, as far as informal employment is con- ficantly in both territories; today's rates are higher and as a con-
cerned, in times of crisis this type of employment tends to rise, sequence the female sector has not been affected so much.
particularly due to the fact that certain activities move beyond By looking at this difference in how unemployment has evol-
the formal economy to the underground economy in an attempt ved, we can see that men and women have different jobs; this
to lower costs, although if the downturn continues then these means that the current division of labour that usually affects wo-
jobs will also begin to disappear. Finally, the number of hours men negatively (for example, female jobs are generally less
worked outside the employment market is rising, as market prestigious and worse paid), has managed to protect women
hours are closely linked to hours worked outside it: when hard from unemployment to a certain extent. In any event, unem-
times come, many families' incomes drop and as they try and ployed women are in a worse situation than unemployed men,
maintain the same standard of living, the number of hours wor- given that they have less protection and this difference is de-
ked by the family unit often rises. monstrated by job market differences, to a great extent for the
This crisis has, to a large extent, been a financial crisis, but worse.
as it has begun to affect the real economy, it has become an em- At any rate, looking at the differences in the rises and the
ployment crisis and its clearest effect has been an exceptional closing gap for unemployment percentages, we should not for-
rise in unemployment. However, in addition to this rise, it has get that there are less women in the market; there is still a
caused other damage in the employment mar- difference of 15 points between male and
ket. Economic downturns generally lead to an female activity rates.
increase in precariousness and worsening of In times of crisis two phenomena may
work conditions and, as far as we can see, this This crisis has, to a large occur relating to female activity: on the
will be no exception. extent, been a financial one hand, jobs are lost and as occurs with
When the financial crisis reached produc- men, if unemployment continues, a cer-
tion companies, through lack of credit, dama- crisis, but as it has begun tain number of women might lose heart
ge caused in the construction sectors and in- to affect the real and leave the job market; but simultane-
dustry (particularly the car industry) has been
particularly severe. These sectors are strongly
economy, it has become ously it can happen that, spurred on by the
bad situation, some women (particularly
male-biased; for example, more than 90% of an employment crisis any that were outside the job market be-
workers in construction are men. For this rea- fore the downturn) rejoin the job market
son, the unemployment rate among men has when their children grow up. This is what
risen more than for women, and despite the fact that female seems to have happened in the United States and it is possible
unemployment has historically exceeded male, this difference that the same thing will happen here although there is no data
is currently almost nonexistent. In the Basque Country, the to confirm it.
difference between male and female unemployment rates was The 15 point activity difference is reflected in the differen-
1.34 points in 2007, but by 2009 it was just 0.41 points. ce in employment rate: according to the data, in the Basque
Before the credit crunch came along, the difference was po- Country, the male rate is 71.2% and the female rate is 56.4%
sitive in all territories, meaning that the female rate was higher although it is true that this difference is dropping little by little:
than the male rate, and over these two years, the situation has two years ago, in 2007, the difference was 19 points. In 2009,
changed. Before the crisis the lowest differences were seen in the highest figures for difference in employment rates was in

25
 Labour market

dustrial sectors. In Navarre, on the other hand, it can be seen

that the three points gained by the services are the three lost by
construction as Industry has not lost any occupation weight.
When services are highlighted, we have to remember that the
service sector is the only feminised sector, given that over half
its workers are women: in Navarre and in the BAC this stands at
58% and in the North Basque Country, 52%.
We should also mention that a high percentage of people
have been unemployed for more than a year. At least, this is what
is occurring in the South Basque Country: this stands at 20% in
Navarre and 30% in the BAC, for both men and women. Additio-
nally long term unemployment is becoming a long term problem.
Often, as time goes on, it is more difficult for these workers to
find a job, and even when the economy improves, they find it
very hard to get back to work. It could be said that they progress
with great difficulty through the job-seekers waiting list; they
are often overtaken by people who have just joined the job mar-
Argazki Press ket, leaving them at the bottom of the list.
There can be no doubt that the credit crunch has hit all coun-
tries in Europe, but the effect of the job
the North Basque Country (female employ- crisis has been considerably different.
ment was 21 points below male employ- In times of crisis two According to the latest EU-27 data, the
ment), and the least, on the other hand was unemployment rate in Europe remains
in Gipuzkoa (11.5). phenomena may occur at 10%, and in industrialised countries
Continuing with unemployment, we are relating to female activity: such as Germany it is under 8%. Spain
concerned by what has happened to young lies at the other extreme: the unem-
people. In 2007, the unemployment rate in
on the one hand, jobs are ployment rate is 19.3%. What is the re-
the Basque Country among young people lost but simultaneously it ason for these differences? For some,
aged 16 to 24 was 10%, whilst it currently can happen that some the problem lies in the 'rigid' job mar-
stands at 25%. In 2009, the highest rate of ket, so they formulate proposals to
youth unemployment was in Navarre (30.9%), women rejoin the job make this market more flexible. We are
and the lowest in Gipuzkoa (18.4%). Before market when their children surprised by this idea that the job mar-
the economic downturn struck, in 2007, the ket is rigid, when it is more precarious
highest rate was in the North Basque Country
grow up than in any other place. To justify the
(18.2%), but due to the fact that the North rigidity, they hold up two types of wor-
Basque Country has registered the lowest rise kers (insiders and outsiders) and state
in the rate (“only” rising four points), the North Basque Country that trade unions only defend the insiders (workers with fixed
has dropped from first place to fourth in the ranking for youth contracts). According to this model, as job market damage is
unemployment in the five territories. Furthermore, we have to only suffered by outsiders, the other workers, in addition to con-
take into consideration that the number of young people that serving their privileges, are a considerable obstacle to making
continue studying in this academic year has risen considerably the market more flexible. As we see it, the cause of current
and this data will probably be closely linked to the previous data. unemployment lies elsewhere, and behind such high rises we
Naturally, if the employment crisis hits the secondary sec- can perceive production's dependency on the construction sec-
tor particularly hard, it is normal that the weight of service jobs tor, as well as the high proportion of temporary employment, gi-
will increase and data corroborates that this has happened, at ven that it is easy and cheap to sack these workers. These two
least in the South Basque Country. Over the last year and a half, topics are also closely linked, as temporary employment has
the weight of service jobs overall has risen three points in Na- enormous influence, for example in the construction sector.
varre (reaching up to 60%), and four points in the BAC (reaching On the other hand, whilst unemployment is rising, the crisis
68%). In the service area, the branch that has witnessed the gre- also influences the quality of employment, although not positi-
atest rise, both in Navarre and in the BAC, is Professional, scien- vely of course. Normally, precariousness also rises in times of cri-
tific and technical activities. In any case, there are different sis and the indicators that are used to measure it are, on the
trends within the secondary sector in these two territories. So, whole, part time jobs, temporary jobs and sub-employment. As
in the BAC the four points gained by the services are balanced many of the people who are currently unemployed joined the
out by the two points lost by each of the construction and in- job queue from a temporary contract, the weight of temp jobs

26

Looking to the future, if we want to
encourage employment, we will probably
have to implant another type of
employment policy
has dropped and this drop has been exceptionally clear in the
South Basque Country (it has fallen 17 points in the BAC and 12
points in Navarre): before the economic downturn, more than
35% of all workers were temporary and instead this currently
stands at 20% in the BAC and 24% in Navarre. Regarding part-time
employment, data demonstrates that this type of work is mainly
done by women: in Navarre 23% of women are employed in part
time jobs and 4% of men; in BAC, on the other hand, these per-
centages are 26% and 4%; and in the North Basque Country 33%
and 7%. The weighting of temporary employment remains prac-
tically unchanged in the economic downturn, but it can be seen
that discomfort among this type of worker has grown more acu-
te: there has been a considerable increase in the number of wor-
kers that have not been able to find a full time job, with a rise
of around 10 points. The number of employees that feel under-
valued has grown constantly since the crisis began and the rea-
sons why workers might feel under-employed include inappro-
priate jobs, low working hours or very low wages.
In this context and in order to stimulate the economy and
provide incentives for employment, many governments have de-
cided to raise public spending, following the Keynes guidelines,
but they have mainly built physical infrastructures, probably ai-
ming to compensate for the decline in the private construction
sector. Also, following this decision we find the idea that the
construction sector, in addition to generating a lot of jobs, is a
promoting sector; this means that there is the hope that if the
Expert analysis
construction sector can recover, the other sectors will also im-
prove. In our opinion, on this matter we should ask ourselves a
series of very simple questions, such as: Who stands to benefit
from these infrastructures? What type of growth is boosted in
this way? Is this type of model stable? What type of jobs are cre-
ated and for who? We are sure that there are many other types
of needs in society, such as care jobs. This type of social servi-
ces, apart from generating a lot of jobs, is more closely related
to wellbeing and people's standard of living, probably much more
than many public works that we see around us.
Looking to the future, if we want to encourage employment,
we will probably have to implant another type of employment
policy. To confront the problems of unemployment, the best
thing would be to increase the number of jobs, but it seems that
it this is not going to happen, at least not in the short term. In
this respect, Paul Krugman, for example, recommends looking
towards the policy followed in Germany. What has Germany
done to control the unemployment rate? Among other aspects,
it has taken measures to distribute employment, and companies
have been awarded incentives to reduce working hours thereby
reducing the number of people who are let go. Naturally, this re-
presents a reduction in salary but people keep their jobs,
although much more precariously. Furthermore, we should not
forget that, although the most serious consequence of unem-
ployment is a lack of salary, the unemployed person, and to a
lesser extent the people around them, also suffer other negati-
ve effects, many of them psychological (loss of self-esteem, etc.)
and also physical, such as worsening health and an increase in
illnesses. It seems that this type of non economic damage is not
dealt with by everyone in the same way, as psychological effects
tend to appear more in men, which is probably intimately lin-
ked to stereotypes plus the difficulty that men find to occupy
their time.
Argazki Press
27
 Report: Basque financial institutions
The tap is running again but the water is being filtered
In the current economic downturn, the need for credit
is the real economy's most urgent issue: credit for every-
day people, to strength consumption and reactivate the
economy; and credit for companies, to make new in-
vestments and consolidate their activity. However, cre-
dit has been, at the same time, the main cause of the cu-
rrent crisis and, consequently banks and building socie-
ties have modified their measures and conditions in this
respect.
Businesses and citizens have repeatedly complained that finan-
cial entities have turned off the tap in terms of loans, although
current data shows that credit has not fallen. According to re-
sults from 2008, banks and building societies based in the Bas-
que Country have increased the amount of money awarded in
loans. Banks differ, but in 2008 they all awarded more loans than
the year before: all financial entities fall between the 6% growth
recorded by BBK and 14.84% growth recorded by Ipar Kutxa.
Loans awarded for both consumption or mortgages and lo-
ans given to companies and shops have increased, but financial
entities have tightened their conditions to get a loan, both for
companies and families. They have put filters on the still-ru-
nning tap; as shown in a study by the Bank of Spain at least in
the case of the South Basque Country. According to this study,
when awarding loans, financial entities have paid more atten-
tion to economic forecasts and companies' growth opportuni-
ties than their liquidity, and business's have had to make a gre-
ater effort to obtain money. Furthermore, many banks and buil-
ding societies have chosen an intermediary line: they have rea-
ched agreements with public financial entities to finance com-
panies.
Something similar has occu-
rred for loans to families. The
Banks and building latest drop in interest rates
societies have modified from the Central European
their measures and Bank, with the intention of pro-
conditions moting consumption caused a
Quantity set aside for social Percentage of profits set
Financial entity action in 2008 aside for social action in
(in million Euros) 2007
BBK 82
Kutxa 81
Caja Vital 25
Caja Navarra 51
28
Basque financial entities have also created products
that meet the needs of sectors and citizens affected
by the economic downturn
drop in the Euribor, although financial entities have increased
the margins they apply to mortgages. In addition, we have seen
that mortgages financing 100% of the value of the house have
practically disappeared, as well as mortgages where repayments
exceed 30% of the salary.
Despite all this, the quantity of money received by banks th-
rough loans has increased, which has helped them to face up to
the lack of liquidity. In fact, this lack of liquidity is another need
that has arisen from the current crisis. Basque financial entities
demonstrated that they are sufficiently 'solid' in this respect
when they revealed their results; however, several commercia-
lised products have revealed that at least a few financial enti-
ties have entered into a so-called "passive war": to recover cus-
tomers' savings, they have sold products at a higher interest rate;
this is the case, for example, at Caja Laboral and BBVA.
On the other hand, Basque financial entities have also cre-
ated products that meet the needs of sectors and citizens
affected by the economic downturn, in order to provide social
protection. For example, Kutxa has set up the Zeharo fund for
anyone who has lost their job and cannot pay their mortgage,
putting aside 3 million Euros for social action. Caja Vital has also
demonstrated its intention to give "a new direction" to its social
action funds "with the aim of offering greater protection to ci-
tizens finding themselves in serious difficulties as a consequen-
ce of the economic downturn." This was what their president
Gregorio Rojo had to say although there has been no further in-
formation on specific measures. Furthermore, it should be high-
lighted that the real economic quantity set aside for social ser-
vices was smaller than in previous years. In fact, Basque buil-
ding societies have also set aside 30-40% of their profit for so-
cial action, a higher percentage than in previous years, although
given that profits have dropped in general, this will also affect
the amount provided. Estitxu Elduaien
Profit recorded in 2007
(in million Euros)
26.7 307
37.5 216
35.2 72
30.3 168
Source: Anuaries of banks and buildings societies
 Expert analysis

Original text:
basque

Response offered by basque financial institutions to the current

economic situation
Ana Beraza · Lecturer at the UPV

At the start of the economic downturn, credit entities with although it remains
headquarters located in the Basque Country were in a more fa- positive. As far as de-
vourable situation than many financial entities in Spain, as de- faulting is concerned,
monstrated by the solvency, liquidity and profitability in their the general growth
corresponding balances. rate for the default
We should mention the positive response offered by Basque rate has increased
entities to problems within the current economic situation. Bas- but it continues to re-
que credit entities are participating in different programmes main below the rate Ana Beraza
that have been set up both by the central and regional govern- for Spain. Due to the
ment so that families and companies can access loans. close relationship
The Spanish Govern- that Basque banks maintain with their customers, they
ment, by means of the Fi- are fully aware of what families and companies are going th-
We should mention nancial Asset Acquisition rough. As a result, banks look for different solutions before de-
the positive response Fund (FAAF), aimed to pro- faulting problems set in, such as refinancing the debt, exten-
offered by Basque vide credit entities with li- ding the loan period or suspending interest.
quidity, so that they in turn On the other hand, defaulting cover continued to drop, as
entities to problems could concede loans to fa- the default rate increased, although the percentage is higher
within the current milies and companies. than the State as a whole.
Basque financial entities Basque financial enti-
economic situation participated in this pro- ties are in a good liquidity
gramme, with the excep- situation to be able to con-
Basque financial
tion of BBVA, Banco Guipuzcoano and Bankoa. The main reason tinue awarding loans in entities
for participating in the aforementioned programme did not in- the future. Furthermore, are in a good liquidity
volve supporting liquidity problems but obtaining low cost fi- no Basque financial entity
nancing. In fact, the interest rate for financing obtained through has required public aid to situation to be able to
the fund was very attractive and offered the chance to stabili- increase their resources, continue
se balance. In total, Basque financial entities obtained 648 mi- because they have not su-
llion Euros. ffered solvency problems; awarding loans in
In addition, Basque financial entities have worked on diffe- instead Caja Navarra and the future
rent issues (mortgage certificates, preference shares, secured Caja Canaria have set up a
loans, etc.) in order to improve their level of solvency and their company to merge their
liquidity situation. Thanks to all these operations, along with re- activities, each working separately in their own territory and
sources from passive operations (demand deposits and term de- jointly over the rest of the country. By means of this operation,
posits), the aforementioned entities have amassed enough li- they are aiming to become more competitive and efficient,
quidity to continue offering loans. whilst strengthening their solvency and liquidity; all without ha-
On the other hand, all Basque financial entities have parti- ving to resort to the FROB fund (bail-out fund created by the
cipated in programmes run by the Spanish Government, through Spanish Government to promote fusions and for financial enti-
the ICO institute, to finance companies and families. ties in complicated situations). On the other hand, after having
They have already signed joint agreements with different tried to buy Caja Castilla-La Mancha, BBK will be focussing on
companies and associations, and with the Basque Government its own business in 2010, although it has not ruled out a future
and the Government of Navarre. Therefore, it is clear that Bas- merger or an acquisition. It should be noted that, as far as sol-
que financial institutions intend to maintain their commitment vency is concerned, Basque banks currently stand among the
to Basque society. top ten in the country and that BBK is the most solvent bank in
This commitment is reflected in greater detail in the table. the whole State financial system.
If we analyse the data published by Basque building societies As far as efficiency is concerned, efficiency rates have im-
and credit cooperatives up to September 2009, we can verify proved all round due to a reduction in operating costs. Howe-
that the growth rate is dropping for loans awarded to customers, ver, Basque financial entities have maintained or increased their

29
 Basque financial institutions
Argazki Press
number of offices in the Basque Country, despite closing some
branches outside the Basque Country.
Basque banks, on the other hand, compared with Basque
building societies and loan cooperatives, demonstrate negati-
ve loan growth rates and higher default rates. However, despi-
te this, they hold good solvency, liquidity and efficiency posi-
tions.
On the other hand, business financing problems are less fre-
quent, thanks to different plans designed by financial entities
to combat the current economic situation. In any case, accor-
ding to the joint survey carried out by Adegi in September 2009,
38% of companies from Gipuzkoa with more than ten emplo-
yees are still in difficulties, both in terms of obtaining financing
and refinancing their debt. The Basque Government Consump-
tion office also made it known that different conditions have
been established and different criteria used when awarding
mortgages - not only among credit entities but also between
branches of the same financial entity. In fact, negotiating con-
ditions is left entirely in the hands of each branch manager.
In addition to this, when financial entities cut back on loans,
this intensifies pooling activity by mutual guarantee societies,
as this provides companies with financing to make investments.
Therefore, in the current economic and financial climate,
joint work agreements signed between mutual guarantee so-
cieties and the main credit entities become very important. In
fact, they guarantee entities that all the loans awarded to the
30
Business financing
companies endorsed by
these entities will be re- problems are less
turned to them. frequent,
As far as the annual
formalisation volume is
thanks to different
concerned, it should be plans designed by
highlighted that, from financial entities
among the twenty two
mutual guarantee so- to combat the current
cieties that exist in the economic situation
country, Oinarri and El-
kargi are in the top ten. Oinarri, in particular, tripled its level of
activity in the first nine months of 2009, and increased formali-
sed endorsements by 195%. Elkargi has also predicted that it will
have doubled its activity by the end of 2009. This significant in-
crease is due to financing lines for work capital needs that El-
kargi and Oinarri have signed with the Basque Government.
By the end of September 2009, compared with the same pe-
riod the previous year, Elkargi's main endorsing activity dropped
by 6.3% (without taking into account the influence of the wor-
king capital financing line).
Both entities have approved approximately 80% of the to-
tal applications presented to these lines of financing. As an
example of all this, we could highlight the activity carried out
in Navarre by the Sodena mutual guarantee society: a company
whose main function falls within the framework of the Govern-
ment of Navarre's plan to combat the economic downturn.
On the other hand, as far as risk capital entities are concer-
ned, according to the Spanish Risk Capital Entities Association
(ASCRI), in the first nine months of 2009, and compared to the
same period the previous year, the investment and number of
operations carried out by these entities in Spain has dropped,
by 49% and 13% respectively.
Within this context, AXCRI has rewarded the best risk capi-
tal operations carried out during 2008 and, among others, two
Basque financial entities have received awards: Gestión de Ca-
pital Riesgo del País Vasco and Diana Capital, for having partici-
pated in operations for the companies Biopharma and Indal Tal-
dea, respectively.
Therefore, as the data analysed shows, the Basque Country's
entities, in general, will confront the next financial year with a
greater level of solvency and a lower rate of defaulting than
many of its state competitors. However, if certain national, sta-
te and community promotion policies disappear in 2010, the abi-
lity to award loans to companies and families may well be
affected. On the other hand, increases in VAT and official inte-
rest rates forecast by the European Bank have had a negative
influence on loan applications.
Lack of liquidity, scarce credit and high levels of defaulting
complete the vicious circle and it will not be easy to find a solu-
tion. The situation will not improve unless the economy reco-
vers, unemployment and defaulting are reduced and business-
men recover their capability to make decisions concerning in-
vestments.
 Expert analysis

MANAGEMENT INDICATORS FROM THE BASQUE FINANCIAL ENTITIES, September 2009

1. Basque building societies and credit cooperatives

EUSKADIKO KUTXA STATE

KUTXA BBK VITAL KUTXA CAN IPAR KUTXA
(june 09) SECTOR
Retail
Mortgages Mortgages
network
3.96% 5%
5.6%
Loans awarded to 4.6
Investment Companies + 10.99
(Loans
customers loans Entities (Investment
2.7 5,61 Loans awarded to 3.9 Loans 0.2
(% rate of year on year 5.1 8.4% loans
awarded to the private awarded to
variation) - June 09)
companies sector) companies
Mortgages 5.68% 5.1%
5.2%

5.3
Customer deposits 57.84
(Resources
(Administered
(% rate of year on year 11 5.65
resources
managed from 7 4.3
variation) the private
– jun 09)
sector)

Bad debt rate (%) 3.06 2.35 2.51 3.38 2.24 2.68 5.11

Bad debt cover (%) 86.4 94.9 94.22 70 102 - -

1.92 -29 24
Result after tax -38.2 0.5
(Net yield) (Net yield)
-4.8
(Recurrent profit)
-34

14.6 11.75
Solvency (jun 09)
21.5 - 13.7 14.82 -
(jun 09)

14.36
Liquidity
92.53 101.38 - - (deposits/ 81 -
(Deposits / Credit) liquid assets)

Efficiency 50.7 38.32 - - - 38 48.2

Source: data published by the credit entities, CECA and AEB.

2. Basque banks

BBVA (Spain + Portugal) BANKOA (March 2009) BANCO GUIPUZCOANO STATE SECTOR
Loans awarded to customers -0.6 2.5 -10.6 5.1
(urte arteko aldakuntza-tasa %)
Customer deposits 9.9
(% rate of year on year variation )
-1.8 2.8 13.2
(Term deposits 42.9%)
Bad debt rate (%) 4 1.59 3.8 3.6

Bad debt cover (%) 59 125 83.4 69

Result after tax -2.1 - -26.1 -10.7

Solvency - - 12.01 13

Liquidity - - - -

Efficiency 34.6 41
Source: data published by the credit entities, CECA and AEB.

Note: Caja Rural de Navarra and Banque Michel Inchauspé –BAMI– have
not been included in the analysis due to lack of data.

31
 Report: Basque productive framework

Moving towards the tertiary sector

Following the economy's general trend, the service sec-
tor currently holds the greatest weight in the Basque eco-
nomy and this evolution is increasingly solid. However,
industry is still more important here than in surrounding
territories. Looking to the future and internalisation,
commitment to RTD and emerging sectors is being
strengthened.
Over the last few years, the Basque economy has evolved con-
siderably towards the tertiary sector which currently domina-
tes approximately half of all activity. In Araba, Bizkaia and Gi-
puzkoa, services provide 59.3% of the Gross Added Value, 52.6%
in Navarre. In the North Basque Country, however, 48.3% of com-
panies belong to this sector and 53.8% of the active population
work in services. The sector's growing presence over the last four
years has been particularly noticeable in the North Basque
Country: taking into account the number of companies set up
there, the service sector has grown 8.6%. In the South Basque
Country, on the other hand, the sector's importance has grown
2%, taking Gross Added Value into account.
This evolution towards the tertiary sector follows European
Union trends although the importance of industry is not follo-
wing the same pattern: industry currently holds greater weight
in the Basque economy than in surrounding countries. In Araba,
Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Navarre, industry still represents 25% of
the Gross Added Value, despite the fact it has been decreasing
over the last few years: it has dropped approximately 3% in the
ference in the degree of openness on each side of the border is
clear: in the South Basque Country the openness rate is around
60% compared with only 11.6% in the North Basque Country. Ho-
wever, taking into account companies that have set up abroad,
in 2008, Basque companies from Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa
carried out 313 projects abroad and in Navarre more than 220
companies worked on an international project. The North Bas-
que Country also increased its figures for companies participa-
ting in programmes run by the Bayonne Chamber of Commerce
to strengthen internalisation.
In addition, Navarre and the BAC stand around 50th in the
European Union list of regions in terms of investment in Rese-
arch and Development, thanks to an investment of 2% of GDP
whilst in the North Basque Country this investment stands at
around 1.5%.
Activities related to the environment are another success-
ful line: for example, in Navarre in 2008, 3% of the working po-
pulation were already working in this field. Work in the North
Basque Country has also been directed towards tourism and lei-
sure: the activity centre and Riverside Park in Anglet as well as
the Biarritz audiovisual centre project, among others, are cle-
ar examples.Sektoreen bilakaera azken urteetan:
Estitxu Elduaien
IN THE SOUTH BASQUE COUNTRY
2008

last four years. In the North Basque Country, it is less important: 2004

only 4% of companies work in this sector, although it employs % AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY

2000

%
13.4% of the working population in this territory. 4,0 35
3,5
The weight of the primary sector differs on either side of the 3,0
30

25
border. In the North Basque Country, 16.8% of active companies 2,5
20
2,0
belong to the primary sector, although this only employs 4.8% of 1,5
15

the working population. However, the primary sector provides 1,0

10

0,5 5
2% of the Gross Added Value in Navarre and 1.1% in Araba, Biz- 0,0 0
Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Navarre Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Navarre
kaia and Gipuzkoa. At any rate, the trend in this sector is simi-
lar throughout the entire Basque Country: over the last few ye- % SERVICES % CONSTRUCTION
80 10
ars its weight in the economy has dropped along with the num- 70
8
ber of companies and workers in the sector. 60
50 6
On the other hand, construction registered continuous 40
30 4
growth until the economic downturn struck. At the present time, 20
2
it represents approximately 8% of the Basque economy and, abo- 10
0 0
ve all, it has maintained great dynamism in the North Basque Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Navarre Araba Bizkaia Gipuzkoa Navarre

Country. However, the current credit crunch has hit this sector Source: INE
particularly hard and data shows that it has slowed its growth IN THE NORTH BASQUE COUNTRY
right down. Primary Sector
Working population

Number of companies
Internalisation, investment in research and development 2006
Industry
Services
and commitments to emerging sectors are the current challen- Construction

ges to consolidate the economy in the future. At least this is what Primary Sector
the experts say and Basque companies have experience in the- 2008 Industry
Services
se three aspects. As far as internalisation is concerned, the dif- Construction
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
Source: Chamber of Commerce of Bayona

32
 Expert analysis

Original text:
spanish

Productive framework tackles the cycle change

in the global economy
Mikel Gómez Uranga, Jon Barrutia, Goio Etxebarria · UPV Lecturers

Throughout all economic portance of coded knowledge inputs.

activity, innovation is the This knowledge is increasingly based
best response to the indus- on scientific principals, where RTD De-
trial crisis that the Basque partments gain more weight as they in-
economy is suffering. There corporate a logical system of agents
is no magic formula, human working together.
and financial resources de- Universities and other research
dicated to RTD must be con- centres enjoy a special and preferen-
siderably increased. Howe- tial position as the main providers of
ver, an industrial economy Goio Etxebarria Mikel new knowledge and technology to so-
such as the Basque economy Gómez ciety, through their contribution to ba-
requires serious reconver- sic research and more highly qualified
sion in terms of the founda- training. This double role for universi-
tions sustaining its industry. ties has, in many countries, determined
Within the context of the serious current that innovation and technology policy is fo-
economic downturn, we can analyse the di- cussed on stimulating cooperation between uni-
fference sectors of Basque industry and their versities and industry.
capacity to adapt in the mid-term to a scena- Jon Barrutia Strategies and patenting procedures are inten-
rio of change within the scientific technology sified in these new sectors which nourish "start up"
paradigm, paying greater attention to tradi- companies to apply and exploit the knowledge that
tional sectors in the Basque production frame- comes, above all, from a systematic combination of
work. basic and applied research. University-Business relations take
At each moment in time, a territory is characterised by its on a new role, making groups of small companies emerging from
specialisation in determined clusters. The evolution of these the universities (“spin offs”). The current phase contrasts with
clusters leads to the appearance of new clusters or the restruc- other previous phases, where it was not considered necessary
turing of existing clusters. However cluster structure re-adap- for scientific research to contribute to production. In this way,
tation can only happen alongside changes in technical and or- there are bio-science centres with a similar configuration of re-
ganisational routines. This requires new innovation policies, so sources and agents that are attracting researchers, industries
that the region can obtain a competitive advantage in the mid- and investors from other places.
term. Some parties and agents in the system should become The most relevant
more international. Basque companies should not just export quality characterising
but also search for business abroad. However, some Basque bu- bio clusters is pu-
siness groups have put the brakes on opening new plants abro- blic/private partnership
ad due to lack of financing. agents working toge-
Conventional sectors within the Basque economy, such as ther. Companies need
the machine tool sector, have been characterised by their imi- to be in the forefront of
tation processes as a first step towards innovation. Using licen- bio knowledge and aca-
ces made it possible to attain internal learning and improve demic researchers need Throughout all
skills, particularly in the mechanics sector. This involved essen- to enter a frame of rela-
tial equipment and technologies from other sectors with grea- tions where market ex- economic activity,
ter technological intensity, such as numerical control equip- pectations are genera- innovation is the best
ment. It was possible to be competitive without having to pro- ted. However it is also
vide many resources to the research itself. necessary to work with
response to the
From 2000, other sectors emerged and were consolidated, other companies to ac- industrial crisis that the
considered as avant-garde. This refers to sectors such as medi- cess RTD funds. Bio clus- Basque economy is
cation, health sciences, biotechnologies, nano-sciences and ad- ters are not only found
vanced software which were characterised by the greater im- in the medicine and he- suffering
33
 Basque productive framework

Universities and other

research centres enjoy
a special and
preferential position as
the main providers of
new knowledge and
technology to society,
through their
contribution to basic
research and more
highly qualified
training

Argazki Press

alth sectors. They can also be present in sectors found around technologies in industrialised areas in the 80s and 90s: electri-
the agro-industry, food, and even tourism, located in rural are- cal engineering, instruments, process engineering, mechanical
as with agrarian specialisation. engineering and machinery. These sectors are currently evol-
Different production activities evolve and they are not sla- ving in this decade.
ves to the technology. A significant number of industrial bran- The BAC sector where patents have more relative weighting
ches that have characterised Basque industry, for at least the compared to Spain as a whole is "mechanical engineering, ma-
last four decades, are included among the medium technology chinery" and within this sector the sub-sectors of "equipment
sectors in the OCDE classification, whether in the medium-high and consumption items" and "civil engineering, construction and
segment (including chemical products, machinery and equip- mining" as well as "transport" and "tool machinery". Subsectors
ment, machinery and electrical appliances, motors and trans- such as "electrical machinery and appliances, electrical energy",
port equipment) or in the medium-low segment (among others, "analysis, measurement and control technologies" and "printing"
oil refinery, plastic, metal and non metal manufacturing, plus are also important. On the other hand, the BAC is barely present
mining and construction products). Some of these branches have in the "chemicals and pharmaceutical products" sector.
attained satisfactory results over almost four decades in the Bas- As far as Navarre is concerned, the situation varies from the
que Country. It is only in the 21st century that changes will be BAC, as the patents in the "biotechnology" and "pharmaceutical
necessary to be able to maintain results at the same level as in products" sub-sectors have greater weight within its producti-
previous times. ve framework. However, in
A system is configured where branches interconnect and the previously analysed sec-
technologies become increasingly transverse. So, for example, tors, the relative weight is
sectors classified as low technology become the main users of very close to the BAC avera-
the highest technology sectors. Sciences and technologies are ge.
distributed throughout the productive fabric. It can no longer As far as electric and hy-
be sustained, at least in some places, that the agrofood sector brid vehicles are concerned,
is low technology, just as it is also not possible to look down on the future has already be-
prospecting studies that claim that materials for building or the gun for the world industry.
textile sector will widely use nanotechnology in a few years In this case Basque industry
Different production
time. Research into biotechnologies and bio-medication is in- will enter the battery re- activities evolve and
creasingly present in sectors such as food. charging segment. There is they are not slaves to
Sectors that encompass the majority of patents (approxi- a strategic project in the
mately 70%) correspond to what were considered as advanced Basque Country to create a the technology

34
 Expert analysis

At this point, we might think that
developing traditional
technologies would lead to a weak
patenting dynamic
network to supply batteries for electric vehicles. This project
includes business groups such as Repsol-Petronor and the Bas-
que Government through the EVE. Up to now, main battery tech-
nologies have been developed by Japanese, American and Ko-
rean companies. In the mid-term we might hope that streng-
thening the innovation system (relations between research and
industrial application) might provide better innovation results
for us.
It is precisely in the sectors where patents have greater
scientific content that universities are currently prioritising their
patents. We are referring to areas related to life sciences, in-
cluding biomedicine and biotechnology, as well as chemistry,
which has significant presence in Europe. To the aforementio-
ned areas we might add telecommunications, instruments and
environmental technologies.
It has been demonstrated that in the field of nanotechno-
logy, more than two thirds of production involves scientific ac-
tivity. The production of new knowledge in this field is growing
much faster than the average for sciences and engineering. In
this branch, scientists have a major impact on the patenting ac-
tivity and there are high levels of institutional collaboration be-
tween industry and academia.
In many of the current sectors, patents represent "the keys-
tone" for business strategies in the globalisation phase. Inven-
tions most closely linked to science appear in patents based on
science and are particularly found in biogenetics, advanced che-
mistry, advanced software, biomedicine, nano-science, nano-
technologies, etc.
At this point, we might think that developing traditional
technologies would lead to a weak patenting dynamic. Howe-
ver, by analysing the dependency between science and patents
in electrical machinery manufacturing in Japan, it can be seen
that the 10 most important Japanese companies in the sector
are some of the most prolific patents producers in the world.
We can therefore conclude that the electrical machinery in-
dustry is an industry based on science.
We can conclude that in the era of globalisation it is not sus-
tainable to remain in certain emerging markets without visiting
patent offices in these countries to register our inventions. Bas-
que industry internationalisation should be accompanied by a
certain 'in situ' patenting activity on its markets. For so-called
triadic patents, in addition to applying to the European, North
American and Japanese patent offices, a fourth office should be
added to their list: China.

Patent applications per 10.000 inhabitants, 2005

1. PT15- Algarve 0.03

2. ES23- La Rioja 0.14
3. IE02- Southern and Eastern 0.29
4. NL23- Flevoland 0.40
5. ES21 - Araba, Bizkai, Gipuzkoa. 0.44
6. UKH3- Essex 0.44
7. SE33- Övre Norrland 0.48
8. BE10- Region De Bruxelles-capitale / 0.63
Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
BC 0.65
9. DE42- Brandenburg - Südwest 0.65
10. ES22 - Navarre 0.68
11. UKK1- Gloucestershire, 0.77
Wiltshire And Bristol/bath Area
12. AT1- Ostösterreich 1.01
13. DK0- Danmark 1.02
14. ITD5- Emilia-romagna 1.46
15. FR10- Île De France 1.78
16. The North Basque Country 2.44
17. DE2- Bayern 2.94
18. AT34- Vorarlberg 3.54
19. DE11- Stuttgart 4.36
0 1 2 3 4 5

Source: EUROSTAT

35
 Report: Mobility

On the road to mobility

The absence of a joint plan is the greatest mobility pro- adapted train lines are the San- Reinforcing and
blem in the Basque Country. Each territory has its own turtzi-Bilbao-Laudio-Orduña and coordinating the
priorities and plans and has chosen its own means of Irun-Brinkola routes, although current network is the
transport; in short, there is a lack of unification. There- they too could be improved. challenge for the
fore, the challenge for the future consists of reinforcing They will soon fall within the future
and coordinating the network. Basque Government's compe-
tences and this could be a good
Some have committed to the metro, other the bus or the tram... opportunity to renew and rein-
in the last few years different strategies have been implemen- force them.
ted in the different Basque territories, all under the same idea: In the same way, the majority of interprovincial Basque
promoting public transport and respecting the environment. Ho- communications are based on the bus and the train, where fre-
wever, data demonstrates that they are far from achieving this quency is also insufficient. Conventional railway networks are
target: private vehicles continue to be the most used transport based on journeys in Spain and France and several lines are com-
for trips, on 70% of journeys to be precise. pletely obsolete: Baiona-Altsasu-Gasteiz-Miranda, Baiona-Do-
We only have to look at the capitals to see the circumstan- nibane Garazi, Altsasu-Iruña-Castejón and Bilbao-Miranda for
ces surrounding this lack of coordination. Currently, Bilbao is the example, where there is a clear need to recondition these lines.
capital with the most complete passenger transport plan. This Data clearly shows that when a big effort is really made in
mobility is based around the metro system which is progressi- favour of public transport, citizens support it and leave their
vely widening its network of lines, although the capital of Biz- cars at home. The capital of Bizkaia, Bilbao, is a clear example
kaia also completes its transport plan with tram and bus lines of this: it has the best developed plan and it is the only Basque
reaching beyond the metro. capital where public transport is used more than private trans-
San Sebastian has recently announced its intention to follow port to get around. In this capital, 80% use public transport whe-
this metro-based model. Last summer its city council and the reas these figures do not even reach half of the population in
Basque Government presented the project to implement a me- other capitals.
tro within the capital and also mentioned the possibility of ex- Therefore, reinforcing and coordinating the current network
panding it to the surrounding areas. In the meantime, most trips is the challenge for the future. If we really want to even come
from the capital are made in the Bidasoa area using the 'mole' close to the European public transport system, we should rein-
train with buses and local trains completing the public transport force the offer of transport in the capitals, but not only this: the-
offer. re should be more journeys offered within each territory,
The other capitals are not considering the metro. Vitoria- offering greater frequency, as this is the most popular type of
Gazteiz has chosen the tram and the bus: lines were inaugura- journey.
ted in 2009 for these two means of transport and it seems that Estitxu Elduaien
mobility will revolve around them in the years to come.
Bus services have been strengthened in the coastal area of
Lapurdi, although there is no mobility plan inland, or in the re-
maining North Basque Country territories. Pamplona and its su- Evolution of the increase of mobility, 2006
rrounding area have not announced new proposals either for the
time being, and mobility there
is based on the bus service. Donostia
The situation is similar for
Gipuzkoa
Basque Country external and in-
ternal connections. Currently, Bilbo
the majority of trips in the Bas- Bizkaia
que Country take place within
Gasteiz
the territory and the public
The absence of a joint transport network there is ba- Araba
plan is the greatest sed on the bus and the train. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
mobility problem in the However, both services and fre-
Basque Country Private transport Colective transport
quency are scarce. The best Source: LAB trade union

36

Original text:
spanish
The inevitable radical change in Basque transport policy.
Analysis based on two scenarios
Roberto Bermejo · UPV Lecturer
Conventional scenario
The Basque Country's historical transport problems can
be summarised as follows:
A particularly high dominance of road transport
that increases over time, due to a major flow of trucks
in transit and intense traffic in some areas. Factors that
generate high congestion. Rail is a residual mode for
freight: its market share is under 2%.
Lack of rail infrastructure and precariousness for
most existing infrastructures to meet daily trip demands,
with the exception of the Bilbao Metro and to a much
lesser extent, sections of the Euskotren, RENFE and FEVE
local railway. Regional and long distance trains are prac-
Roberto Be
tically nonexistent. Precarious bus services, connecting
capitals and serving some metropolitan areas.
The only response from Basque Government institu-
tions (BGI) is to promote new infrastructures. This policy is sho-
wered with a wide range of positive factors: boosting competi-
tiveness and economic development, strengthening the terri-
torial and social backbone and cohesion, guaranteeing uniform
accessibility throughout the territory, assuring sustainability for
the transport system, re-establishing balance between the
different modes of transport and, finally, managing to insert the
Lack of rail
infrastructure and
precariousness for
most existing
infrastructures to
meet daily trip
demands
Argazki Press
Expert analysis
Basque system appropriately within the inter-
national context. However the fact that Local
Governments have many more financial re-
sources than the Basque Government (BG)
has determined, on the one hand, a particu-
larly intense push towards road construction
that monopolises and maintains the preca-
rious situation of the inland rail network (fa-
lling with the BG remit).
According to the BGI, the Basque
Country requires a High Speed (HS) rail
structure between the three capitals that
rm ej o would also "connect us to Europe". The fo-
ral territories (Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia and Ara-
ba) significantly lack transport infrastruc-
tures. Bizkaia needs a new ring road for Bil-
bao (known as the Supersur), further widening of the Txorihe-
rri corridor, etc.; Gipuzkoa needs a new port (external) in Pa-
saia, airport expansion at Hondarribia, San Sebastian needs a
new ring road and maybe a Metro, etc.: Araba needs a major lo-
gistics centre (Araba Sur), plus it is considered essential (along
with Gipuzkoa) to finish the Eibar-Vitoria motorway and reacti-
vate its ailing airport, etc.
37
 Mobility
There is little
foundation to the
defence that the
proliferation of
infrastructures
makes a major
contribution to
economic growth
There is little foundation to the defence that the prolifera-
tion of infrastructures makes a major contribution to economic
growth. There is wide consensus among transport economists
that, once industrialised countries have attained normal levels
of infrastructures, further construction can even have negative
effects on the economy. The British SACTRA report (1999) sta-
tes that there is a transport threshold beyond which greater mo-
bility has harmful effects on economic activity and this thres-
hold has been reached by industrialised countries. The Edding-
ton report (2006) confirms these conclusions: "historically, new
connections have played a central role in the period of rapid
economic growth in many economies, but mature economies
(...) must focus their policy and investment on improving pro-
ductivity for existing transport networks." The French State Au-
dit Office (Cour de Comptes, 2006) criticises that socio-econo-
mic profitability studies aiming to justify building major infras-
tructures are manipulated, exaggerating the advantages and
playing down the disadvantages and it agrees with previous stu-
dies that "greater priority should be given to spending on reno-
vating existing equipment over development investments."
Given the small size of the Basque Country, the BGIs cannot
allege, as in the EU and in Spain, that the high speed rail link
would contribute to modal rebalancing because it would be ge-
tting passengers off planes; another line of defence is required,
proposing that it becomes a mixed line, which would alleviate
congestion by taking passengers and freight off the roads, in ad-
dition to reducing CO2 emissions. However, mixed lines do not
exist anywhere in the world except in Germany (on just one HS
line and after preparing it for this use with gentle slopes, large
car parks and convoys that travel at 140 km/h, although it is only
used for light freight with a high market value) and the Euromed
(due to the physical impossibility of building a new line along
the Mediterranean coast, incurring high maintenance costs). In
this case, the flow of freight is very low because when the line
38
Argazki Press
was renovated, specific needs for freight transport were not ta-
ken into account, as shown in the Davignon Report (2008), by
the European coordinator for cross-Pyrenean transport: the li-
nes are too steep and the "scarce number of overtaking places
and car parks will not make freight transport easy." A line that
exclusively joins the three capitals cannot contribute to terri-
torial cohesion in the Basque Country. The "connection with Eu-
rope" demagogy is impossible, because the French government
does not want to bring the high speed line as far as the border.
Finally, the HS train line does not reduce CO2 emissions, but in-
creases them. This was stated in a recent report by the Swedish
rail administration and it is the logical consequence that HS
trains double the energy consumption of a conventional train.
The BG (2007) argues that the Basque Y would leave the
conventional network free for freight: "In addition to the very
possibility of using the Y for freight, its presence can free up
the tracks that are now used for the long distance lines and
many of the regional trains." However he adds that this net-
work is inadequate for transporting freight: "Freight traffic on
the Iberian gauge network has been practically stagnant over
the last few years. This is mainly due to the existence of a se-
ries of critical areas that limit capacity." The critical areas are
the Orduña pass and the Alsasua-Zumarraga connection. Ano-
ther aggravating factor in the Basque country is that typical
freight from Basque industry and freight coming through the
port of Bilbao is very heavy. RENFE has ruled out mixed lines,
which means that the trucks travelling through and heading
north would have to offload their loads on to the Basque Y
when they get to Vitoria.
It is also absurd to try and eliminate road congestion by
building more roads. Nobody has managed this, nor will they
ever do so, because, as stated by the EU White Paper on trans-
port (2000), when a new road infrastructure is created, this
activates a latent demand which ends up saturating it.
 Expert analysis

start of November 2009) although the world economy is taking

longer to recover. So when the economy starts to get back on its
feet, the barrel will go beyond the maximum price for 2008, and
the world economy will fall into a deep and long economic cri-
sis. Fatif Birol (2007), chief economist for the International
Energy Agency (IEA), states that "if we don't do something
quickly, and courageously (...) the wheels are going to fall off
our energy system. This is the message we wish to give." For this
reason, the IEA is asking governments to find an alternative to
oil in a hurry. Even the European Commission has ended up
accepting the problem. In its communication entitled "A sustai-
nable future for transport", it includes a section on "Growing
scarcity of fossil fuels" (COM–2009– 279/4).
As a consequence of the oil ceiling, there are going to be
many changes in the transport system, although their dimen-
sions are difficult to evaluate. However it is clear that many
people will have to give up their daily car trips and will demand
efficient collective transport instead. Within this context, the-
re is no sense in continuing to build roads, but it would be logi-
cal to modernise and extend rail lines and improve bus services.
In order to carry out this task, Local Governments should work
with the BG, following the precedent of the Bilbao Metro.
Air transport will be drastically reduced, and the current
rate of major airline fusions will be strengthened. The vast ma-
jority of low cost airlines will disappear because the high costs
of fuel leave little margin to reduce other costs. Many small air-
ports will have to close because they will lose more money than
Argazki Press at present. Out of the 47 Spanish airports managed by the Sta-
te, only Madrid, Barcelona, Malaga, Palma and Alicante are pro-
fitable. Hondarribia and Vitoria should be closed.
Oil ceiling scenario In freight transport, processes involving offloading from road
Oil contributes 98% of the energy consumed by transport, and to rail and boat will intensify on long trips. Demand for rail trans-
74% of the aforementioned quantity is consumed by road trans- port will hit the roof, if there is a minimally acceptable infras-
port. This ratio is similar in the Basque Country although with a tructure and so the Basque Y should be reconverted to give prio-
historical tendency to get stronger: annual increase over 3% on rity to freight, regardless of its phase of construction when the
average in the period 1996-2007. energy crisis hits. Davignon is convinced that the two cross-Py-
There is overwhelming evidence that oil is starting to run renean rail corridors will be reconverted to give priority to
out. This is proved by the stagnation of the oil supply produced freight: "I am even more convinced (than at the start of his man-
in the period 2005-2008, which led to the price of oil reaching date) that the purpose of these infrastructures should evolve
147$/barrel in June essentially towards freight transport"(Davignon, 2008: 12).
2008. Afterwards, the Maritime freight traffic will be reinforced, but it does not
crisis (magnified by es- make sense to build an external port at Pasaia, taking into
calation) reduced the account the economic depression that the energy crisis will cau-
demand and the price of se and that the port of Bilbao is generally too large for its cu-
the barrel fell to 32 $/b. rrent load.
However, consensus is Nevertheless, this is not just a matter of adapting different
It is clear that many growing among experts modes to new circumstances, but also to continuously impro-
people will have to give that the oil ceiling (the ving the transport system. The Commission's "Green Paper" on
maximum extraction transport requests "a growing effort with a view to more effi-
up their daily car trips capacity) was reached cient use of infrastructures". However, it also goes one further
and will demand in 2008. This would ex- to proclaim the failure of its previous policy of promoting a Eu-
efficient collective plain why the price of oil ropean high speed rail network (RTE-T) and declare (in the light
is recovering (standing of the new situation) that "the political focus should firstly be
transport instead at around 80 $/b at the widely reviewed."

39
 Mobility

Original text:
spanish

Part of the interview from the publication entitled "Basque

Country faces its future. Looking to 2025" on mobility in Navarre.
Juan Carlos Longas · Applied Economics Professor at the UPNA

In addition to the coastal areas, there is also move- motorways are

ment around the large cities, capitals such as Gas- also being built
teiz, Iruñea, Baiona-Angelu-Biarritz, etc. and there is no
This is true. We have to find a balance given that although serious policy.
there are urban centres of a certain size, the capitals are This means that
the in and out door nowadays in terms of flows of freight, the high speed
flows of passengers, etc. They enter through the capi- train is simply fo-
tals, the cities, making them essential even to attract cussed as a me-
certain types of investments, better quality investments chanism for pu-
and so we need minimum facilities, and a certain stan- Juan Carlos Longas blic investment
dard of living and this is made profitable in a city of a and to generate
certain size. Moving towards a network of standard ci- economic activity.
ties of 50,000 inhabitants would surely not be reasona- It is not being seen
ble but if you can have a reasonably large city and then encou- as a transport al-
rage the appearance of an intermediate level of cities, for exam- ternative to move travellers from one mode to another, when
ple, that do not even exist in Navarre or Alava. In Navarre the- the problems to meet the Kyoto protocol are out there, as its fi-
re are 180,000 - 190,000 inhabitants in Pamplona which drops gures are statistically impossible to meet right now.
immediately down to 30,000 - 35,000 in the next largest city, Tu- The current dynamics of economic activity generate traffic;
dela. If we look at Iruñerria as a whole there are around 270,000 traffic is translated into individual journeys and so providing in-
inhabitants. It is a metropolitan area of a certain size. The pro- frastructures to facilitate these journeys is unsustainable in
blem is seeing how this deconcentration can be managed be- terms of budget, territory and the environment.
cause there might be a temptation to resolve it simply by re-
moving population from there but following the same system of
diffuse expansion, a very low density urbanisation model and
statistically this would solve our problem but would generate
new problems. We have to be wary of quick fixes.

Mobility and sustainability. Two opposing concepts?

At this point there is no sustainable development. Everything is
given this label of sustainable but good will is not enough. Every-
thing is sustainable but we continue building more motorways.
Maybe the problem of saturation is not going to be solved by buil-
ding another infrastructure. We have to get used to paying tolls
for example. In Navarre, there are social movements, even left-
wing movements, that support getting rid of the toll on the
A-15. This is a mistake. We have to look for other alternatives.
In its white paper on transport, the European Union itself es-
timates that the cost of traffic congestion in terms of pollution,
time, etc. could be around 3% of the EU's GDP. So this means that
there are even economic reasons for it. This white paper wri-
tten a few years ago supported promoting rail transport but no-
thing is actually being done about this. If you build another mo-
torway you are going to encourage road journeys. We need an
aggressive policy in terms of taking trips, transferring users from
private road transport to public transport and specifically to rail
transport. The economic downturn is affecting major public
works more in Spain. The high speed train is appearing but more

40
 Expert analysis

Mobility in the
North Basque Country

As far as infrastructures are concerned, the North Basque Infrastructures of transport of the North Basque Country
Country can boast a good road network, motorways between
Bordeaux, Pau and San Sebastian, secondary roads inland (Bir-
cous/Bidache/ Saint-Palais/Ustaritz/Cambo), a rail network
from the coast heading inland (Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, Urt-
Peyrehorade), the TER regional railway and TGV high speed train
to Paris, an airport with national and international lines, a port
for trade, a logistics platform in Hendaye...
Interesting projects for the future in the North Basque
Country include projects intended to avoid road traffic density
and boost passenger transport: the possibility of widening the
A63 to 3 lanes, the Pyrenées Atlantiques / Navarre regional pro-
ject to link their two provinces.
According to the economic and social minister for the Bas-
que Country and Aquitaine, the current transport policy is not
capable of solving accessibility problems or providing support
for the socio-economic activity in its territories, as it is clear that
there are points for improvement in the cross-European net-
work. We are most directly affected by the Pyrenean Atlantic
corridor: the central road is already saturated and this creates
mobility problems obstructing economic activity and affecting
the environment; furthermore, there is no other alternative in Source: Chambre of commerce of Bayonne. Economic atlas of the North Basque Country, 2007.
the mid or long term for freight transport.
Sources: Lurraldea Ministerial and Development Council, “Pays Basque 2020. Atelier
“infrastructures-déplacements.” Basque Economic and Social Council "Local passenger transport
between the Basque Country Autonomous Community and Aquitaine. Proposals and
recommendations for immediate improvement." Commerce accumulation

Source: Chambre of commerce of Bayonne. Economic atlas of the North Basque Country, 2007.

41
 Report: Infrastructure network for the investigation

Researching research
Universities, Cooperative Research Centres, Basic and biomaterials, biotechnology, mi- Many new research
Excellence Research Centres, Innovation and Develop- cro-nano-technology, energy centres have been set
ment Centres... are some of the many different organi- technology, biosciences, biome- up over the last few
sations that work on research in the Basque Country. In dicine, tourism… the network of years in the Basque
addition, over the last few years, the number of research centres that research these Country aiming to go
organisations and innovation centres has multiplied com- fields has widened considerably beyond traditional
pared to traditional research fields and they are beco- in the South Basque Country. In fields of research
ming reference points in studying methods to improve the BAC, for example, 7 CICs
research. have been created in the last
three years.
According to the European Union, the Basque Country stands So, Basic and Excellence Research Centres have been set up
above the EU average in the field of innovation, which demons- in order to generate knowledge in fields of scientific interest for
trates efforts being made in research. According to official data, the Basque Country. There are currently six centres specialised in
20,450 people worked in research in the South Basque Country in biophysics, physics, climate change, mathematics or language
2007 and 1,550,590 thousand Euros were set aside for this acti- and knowledge, all based in Alava, Bizkaia or Gipuzkoa.
vity. The greatest investment was made in Alava, Bizkaia and Gi- Technology centres are technological agents that research
puzkoa where more than 9% of their internal spending went to re- and develop their own industrial technology. There are currently
search. Regarding the North Basque Country, it employed 6,793 30 centres in the South Basque Country: Inasmet, Robotiker, Ci-
workers and 2,828 companies in research. Companies are the gre- demco, Leia, Labein, Cemitec, Cimean, Idab, Idema, or Evena,
atest investors in research, as they make around 70% of their in- among others. In Alava, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa they mainly work
vestments in this field. They are followed by universities and high on research relating to industry, but in Navarre they are more fre-
level training centres with 15% of their investments and finally pu- quently centres specialised in sectors such as food, agriculture
blic organisations. and oenology.
Over the last few years the system has been criticised for the Finally, technological parks and business and innovation cen-
fact that Basque universities' research was equivalent to only half tres reinforce this Basque research network. According to official
the effort made by other surrounding countries. In an attempt to data, a great effort is being made in the Basque Country in terms
change this situation public organisations have announced new of this type of infrastructure, compared to surrounding countries
subsidies to promote university research. Independently of in- and the current network of technological parks in the Basque
vestments, the Basque Country has a wide-ranging network of uni- Country is among the best in Europe. In addition to the technolo-
versities and all centres have their own research department with gical parks in Alava, Bizkaia, San Sebastian or Navarre, projects
their corresponding workers. On the one hand, there are public such as the Garaia Innovation Pole or the Izarbel Tecnopolis in Bia-
universities in Navarre and the Basque Country and on the other, rritz have become reference points within Europe.
the Deusto, Mondragón and Navarre private universities. In addi-
tion, ESTIA, the North Basque Country advanced technologies en- Estitxu Elduaien
gineering centre, completes the network, among others.
However, many new research centres have been set up over
the last few years in the Basque Country aiming to go beyond tra-
ditional fields of research. Cooperative Research Centres (CIC) European Innovation Scoreboard, 2007
are one example of this. Over the
last three years, several of these 0.70
centres have been opened, speciali- 0.60
sed in different emerging sectors: 0.44 0.49
0.50

0.40 0.37

0.30

The Basque Country 0.20

stands above the EU 0.10
average in the field of 0.00
innovation, which
La ia
m a
th ia
Po ia
ov d
ng a
Ma y
lta
Gr aly

rt e

pu n
h Sp l

Es nia
Cy ia
Ne E rus
er 27

Lu Bel ce

Ire urg
ite A and
ov c

Fr AV

m m

ng a
n m

F i an y
Sw a nd
en
rm rk
a

nd
ar

Sl bli
Ro tvi

Hu aki

Ki ri
Po ec

Re ai
Sl lan
r

Li a n
n

n
ug

xe giu

De do
Ge ma
an
C

ed
ga

d us t
It

p
th U
ua

e
to

bo
la
e

nl
l
Bu

demonstrates efforts
ec

being made in research

e
Cz

Un
Th

Source: EIS (European Innovation Scoreboard)

42
 Expert analysis

Original text:
basque

An unbalanced system
Juan Ignacio Perez Iglesias, Physiology Lecturer at the UPV

The Basque Country Autonomous Community research field tions, high level research and trai-
has been developing continuously since the Autonomy Sta- ning for researchers were reasonably
tute came into force. Over the last three decades, it has deficient, as shown by the data.
gone from being an insignificant field to a sector with con- In 2000, the relative contribu-
siderable importance. The path has not been easy and our tion made by the BAC to the Spanish
RTD system is still suffering severe deficiencies. Juan Ignacio Perez state was 6.4% of GDP and 5.2% in
The first two decades of the Basque science and tech- Iglesias terms of population. In exchange,
nology system were a time of growth. Towards the end of the relative contribution from RTD
the last decade, universities, technology centres and some spending represented 9%, or in
companies were the main agents for the RTD field. If we look other words a much higher proportional contribution than the
back at the data from 1999, we can see that it was companies income or the population. Surprisingly however, their contribu-
that undertook the highest spending in RTD (77% of total spen- tion in terms of producing high quality scientific documents did
ding), and that this spending was lower in the university field not exceed 4%. In Spain, BAC was the region with the highest
(21%) and even lower in the field of Basque research entities spending in RTD per researcher but, at the same time, the lo-
(2%). In fact, we could state that there were almost no public west production of scientific texts per researcher.
research entities at all. Consequently, our RTD system was suffering from significant
In any case, Basque Country RTD spending was higher than imbalance: appropriate investments were made in companies
the total for Spain in 1999. According to the INE, Basque spen- and technology centres - meaning similar to any that were made
ding represented 1.15% of GDP and according to EUSTAT it was based on gross domestic product in developed countries; on the
1.29%. Therefore RTD spending stood at 1.2% of the GDP (0.92% other hand, investment was very low in universities and public
of GDP in companies, 0.25% in universities and 0.03% in public research entities. Con-
entities). As far as Spain was concerned, this figure was appro- sequently, our basic re-
ximately 0.95%. However, we should not forget that spending in search field did not bear
companies included technology centres which represented much fruit. For the
approximately 15% of total spending. Therefore, it seems that same reason, as is logi- Research field
in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), technology cen- cal, we had a low avera- has gone from being an
tres have developed functions that correspond to public rese- ge level of research ac-
arch entities in other countries. tivity, which in turn had insignificant field to a
Compared with other countries, the BAC had a very unba- a negative effect on sector with
lanced RTD spending structure, which created clear negative training researchers. In
consequences for the whole system. This imbalance was the re- fact, scarce publication
considerable
sult of an excessive focus on applied research and development, of scientific documents importance
which emerged from the predominance of companies and tech- was a clear indicator of
nology centres in the system. this weakness. Therefo-
As we might expect, universities only represented a small re, as training for rese-
part of the spending and everyone knows that, in developed archers and high level qualified personnel was insufficient, the
countries, universities are the main agents for basic research. whole RTD field suffered its negative consequences, including
Furthermore, lack of influence from public research entities in- companies and technology centres. It is therefore clear that the
tensified the imbalance, as the BAC had no research entities system was imbalanced and that, looking to the future, it was
such as CSIC in Spain, CNRS in France, NERC in Great Britain or essential to make some serious changes.
Max Planchen in Germany. These institutions met a primordial This was the main reason for the great changes that have ta-
function in their respective countries, carrying out both basic ken place over the last few years: important changes that have
and applied high level research and interacting with universi- occurred in the Basque Autonomous Community in the field of
ties very productively. RTD. Let's now analyse these changes in more detail.
Therefore, in the BAC we suffered, on the one hand, from a During the first years of the decade, the Basque Government
weak university field and, on the other, from a lack of public re- Department of Industry drew up different plans to create Coo-
search entities. Due to these two factors, minus a few excep- perative Research Centres (CIC). CIC-Biogune was the first (foun-

43
 Infrastructure network for the investigation

ded in 2004), followed by six other centres. There are conside- blic institution, but because it is a foundation, its legal nature
rable differences between these seven centres, given that they is private. It employs high quality researchers locally and from
were not structured based on a single model. Some aimed to all over the world and, by means of agreements signed with the
create or promote new economic sectors: this is the case of CIC- BAC research institutions, it offers them contracts to work in
Biogune (bioscience and biotechnology) or CIC-Nanogune (na- these institutions. The researchers employed by Ikerbasque
noscience and nanotechnology). Other CICs alternately aimed work at the university, in technology centres, in cooperative re-
to create high level knowledge to promote previously establi- search centres and in basic and excellence research centres.
shed sectors; there are clear examples of this second focus at In order to produce this assessment, we used data published
CIC-Tourgune (tourism) or CIC-Energigune by INE for 2008. We used INE data because
(energy). In any case, these centres have the latest data published by EUSTAT rela-
been created with the intention of brea- ting to RTD activities corresponds to 2007,
thing life into and promoting business and and we preferred to use more up to date in-
economic development, targeting high le- formation. RTD spending in the Basque Au-
vel research, thereby employing resear- Our RTD system was tonomous Community has increased consi-
chers from all over the world. All this will derably over the last decade.
raise the level of scientific-technological re- suffering from In 1999, RTD spending stood at 1.2% of
search done in the BAC. significant imbalance: GDP and rose to 1.9% in 2008. In addition to
On the other hand, in the second half of this comparison, it is also interesting to di-
the decade, the BAC set up Basic and Exce- appropriate vide spending into sectors. In 2008, 81% of
llence Research Centres (BERC: Basque Ex- investments were total spending corresponded to companies
cellence Research Center).These centres (including technology centres of course),
have been created by the Basque Govern-
made in companies and 5% to public research entities and 14% to
ment Department of Education, Universi- technology centres; on universities. This is the data corresponding
ties and Research and, similarly to the CICs, the other hand, to each field in 2008, expressed as a per-
they focus their activity on different know- centage of GDP: companies (+technology
ledge areas. The first were applied maths investment was very centres) spent 1.59% of GDP on RTD activi-
(Basque Center for Applied Mathematics) low in universities and ties (0.99% in 1999), public research enti-
and climate change (Basque Center for Cli- ties 0.09% (0.03% in 1999), and universities
mate Change), and there are currently six
public research entities 0.28% (0.27% in 1999).
research centres recognised as BERC cen- As the aforementioned data demons-
tres. The activity in these research centres trates, over the last decade, the business
does not necessarily serve particular eco- field's superiority of ten years ago has in-
nomic sectors, as their main function is to creased; on the other hand, spending co-
carry out high level research, working with researchers from all rresponding to public entities is low, but it has increased consi-
over the world. derably over the last few years, having tripled its percentage of
Setting up the Ikerbasque Institution was the third highly in- GDP. Finally, the university field has remained constant at the
teresting initiative carried out over the last few years. Ikerbas- low percentage of ten years ago. As a consequence, the imba-
que was set up following the model of ICREA in Catalonia (Ca- lance remains for RTD spending structure in universities or, in
talan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies). This is a pu- other words, the overall imbalance has increased as spending in
the other two fields has increased considerably. Therefore, des-
pite the good news that public research entities have increased
their spending, the greatest weakness of the BAC's RTD system
remains uncorrected, given that the university field is far from
matching any other developed country.
The measures adopted and the initiatives carried out over
the last few years are highly important. The newly created re-
search institutions will give positive results and this means that
the BAC's scientific productivity will increase over the next few
years. At any rate, results from research policies will take years
to show up. Consequently, these results will not yet be reflec-
ted in the statistics. We should not forget that a great deficiency
remains to be corrected, given that the productivity and qua-
lity of the whole system will not increase considerably until the
university field becomes stronger.
Argazki Press

44
 Expert analysis

Original text:
basque

The research and development situation in the North Basque Country

Eguzki Urteaga · Lecturer at the UPV · eguzki.urteaga@ehu.es

To be able to understand the research and to leave the task of financing both science
development situation in the North Basque and technology in the hands of the private
Country, it is essential to take a look at what sector3.
is happening in France; on the one hand be- This situation has generated numerous
cause most statistics refer to the whole Sta- protests. The Universities Freedom and Res-
te; and on the other, because as the French ponsibility Law (LRU) brought many univer-
State is centralised, the laws, policies and sities to a halt in October 2007, as both stu-
structures are all decided on in Paris. Eguzki Urteaga
dents and teachers protested against this
project. In March 2008, CNRS researchers
Research and development in France came out to protest that major research cen-
Economic resources invested in research and de- tres were "disappearing". They recently oc-
velopment are quite high compared to the BAC, but they are cupied the headquarters of the National Re-
dropping. In fact, amounts invested over the 1980s rose, coming search Agency (ANI), in order to complain about the instability
close to 2.4% of GDP, but they fell away from 1993 onwards. GDP of research jobs, and protests were held throughout 2008 against
was 2.1% in 2006, a little lower than the average in the OECD the evaluations implemented by AERES. Finally, in December
(2,26%), lying sixth in the country ranking, behind Sweden, Fin- 2008, a decree that modi-
land, Japan, United States and Germany. On the other hand, pri- fied the status of resear- To be able to
vate French firms invest relatively little in RTD+i. According to chers-teachers caused an
OECD data, 63% of funds spent on research come from the pri- intense series of strikes
understand the
vate sector and they mainly revolve around industrial techno- among researchers and uni- research and
logy: the automotive, aeronautics, pharmacy, electronics, me- versity teachers, forcing the development situation
dical instruments and materials fields. The OECD average is 69%; Research minister to aban-
whilst Japan, United States and Germany exceed this average don the project. Among the in the North Basque
by investing around 70 - 77%1. many reasons for the pro- Country, it is essential
This drop was steeper after 2002, thanks to measures adop- tests we should highlight
ted by Prime Ministers Raffarin and particularly De Villepin and that the Ministry has not to take a look at what
Fillon: less researchers and university teachers employed, re- come through with subsidies is happening in France
organisation of the national research centre CNRS (dividing it
into six institutes, knowing that two already existed), the new 3.- These transformations are part of the general direction taken in the
law promoting university autonomy2, creation of an agency to 2000 decade. In this way, the organic law on financial laws voted in 2001
aims to condition all public spending to obtaining results. It is one of the ba-
distribute research resources, and complaints from the move-
ses for the research agreement put forward in 2004 and reflected in the Law
ment entitled Sauvons la recherche. These changes have al- in 2006. The increase in the research budget is linked to creating new ins-
ready been read pessimistically: participation from the State truments to guarantee the direction of the public sector. The 2006 Law re-
and public powers in general is dwindling and they seem to want forms cooperation rules and affects the universities. New institutions have
been created. The Senior Scientific and Technical Research Council set the
general lines of the research, although it works at a consultancy level. The
National Research Agency that works alongside institutions receives and dis-
tributes credit for financing short term research projects; some of them are
1.- JOURNET, N.: "La réforme de la recherche", in Sciences Humaines, decided by higher authorities and others are linked to the researchers' pro-
no. 203, April (2009), p. 26. posals. At the start, research credit was limited (358 million € in 2007), but
2.- The "University Freedom and Responsibility" Law approved in Au- this soon increased: 955 million € in 2008 and 1600 million € in 2009. The Re-
gust 2007 establishes universities' budgetary autonomy and changes in their search Evaluation and Higher Education Agency centralises the centres' clas-
internal operation: rectors have more authority, the board of directors can sifications, qualifications, periodicals published, groups and researchers, in
include figures from outside the university, foundations are authorised and, addition to other organisations (CNU, CNE, CNRS). Their evaluations requi-
as a whole, there is a break with equality in terms of managing study con- re in-depth analysis. The authorities, by means of the results, can modula-
ditions and teaching and research courses. In exchange, the budget that the te credit, professional careers and programmes. This organisation can take
State offers the universities was raised: +50% in five years, meaning an in- measures concerning cooperation between universities and agents from
crease of 10,000-15,000 million €, given that universities continue to de- both the public and private sectors, tending to merge resources and redu-
pend on "centre contracts" linked to the State. ce taxes for companies.

45
 Infrastructure network for the investigation
Argazki Press
it promised. In fact, a directive law from 2008 sliced 2.2% off
the Ministry's budget for Research and Higher Education (wiping
out 500 million Euros), so the laboratories' budget has also drop-
ped and this has made it hard to create new jobs. This loss might
rise to 800 million Euros in 2009.
The truth is that the Government no longer wants to inclu-
de research among civil service positions. As the ANI awards sub-
sidies according to projects, university contracts, participation
from the private sector, plus the threat that the CNRS will be-
come a resources centre has raised the alarm among resear-
chers. Private sector management methods are unpopular in the
cultural field, as this community is strongly linked to equality,
general interest and the values of individual merit. In the field
of politics, the scientific community has been built on affirming
its independence, concerning both knowledge and methods. In
this respect, management and monitoring instruments, plus dis-
course commending autonomy and liberalism come up against
this tradition. Concerns grow as we realise that the Lisbon Stra-
tegy and discourse highlighting social demand have opened up
the road to this strategy4.
In any case, a large
number of reports have
The truth is that the questioned the effective-
Government no longer ness of the French research
system. In January 2007, a
wants to include general financial inspection
research among civil report gave the system a ne-
gative score highlighting
service positions weakness in technological
46
innovation, scarce economic productivity in the public sector,
under-development in industrial research - proof of this is the
reduction in the number of patents produced in France: in 2006
they numbered 5.5% of the world total, and in 1988 this was
8.3%. However, above all, taking into account State spending
and the number of researchers with civil servant status (162,000
out of 364,000), the report highlights unjustified spending, poor
management, inappropriate organisation and insufficient eva-
luation of results. It also reminds us of the convenience of pro-
moting private research and recommends a series of profound
changes: project management, merging universities and deve-
loping their autonomy, simplifying the financing system, making
researchers more aware of results and help for doctorate stu-
dents.
Nevertheless scientific research is not only evaluated
through technological applications. It is also evaluated in terms
of its producers' knowledge and intellectual shine. At this level,
French research is not enjoying the best of times. According to
the science and technical observatory (2008), the quota co-
rresponding to France for worldwide publications has fallen sin-
ce 1999, and the same goes for appearances in foreign periodi-
cals. In general terms, its influence falls below the world ave-
rage. The number of students going abroad has increased, but
is still lower than in England and Germany. As far as Nobel pri-
zes and other awards are concerned, it is behind European coun-
tries of the same size, without counting with the United States.
Although there is not so much information available, the popu-
lation of the North Basque Country has the same sensation.
Particular features of the North Basque Country
This context directly influences the research and development
carried out in the North Basque Country where five characte-
ristics might be highlighted.
The first is by not having political-administrative recogni-
tion as a territory, it does not have its own institutions, neither
a Regional Council, nor a General Council, except as a people,
as laid down in the Voynet Law in 1997. If we add this to the fact
that scientific policy is a State competence, and that economic
development is in the hands of the regions, it is impossible to
create a scientific policy just for the North Basque Country. Ha-
ving been named a people, meaning as a territory project, we
can bring together the State, the regions, the departments and
the town councils in order to produce sector-based policies. This
is exactly what happened with the Specific Basque Country
Agreement5 (2001-2006), and the Euskal Herria 2020 plan.
The second characteristic is that the North Basque Country
does not have its own university. Currently, the University of Pau
and Aturri (PAHU) has annexe campuses in Anglet and particu-
larly Bayonne, which gives degree courses in law, economics,
4.- JOURNET, N.: "La réforme de la recherche", in Sciences Humaines,
no. 203, April (2009), p. 29.
5.-AHEDO, I., URTEAGA, E.: La nouvelle gouvernance en Pays Basque,
L’Harmattan, Paris, 2004.
 Expert analysis

Basque philology and modern arts, as well as masters in inter- The companies in this territory are
national studies and European Law, without forgetting DUTs in medium sized or above all small and
business and administration management. Over the last few ye-
ars, the scientific pole based in Angelu Montaury has been con- specialised in production or application
siderably developed and offers degrees in biology, IT and phy-
sics and chemistry, DUTs in industry and IT, plus masters
degrees and professional masters in construction, the environ-
ment and IT systems, among others. In addition to the univer-
sity there are engineering schools such as ESTIA and ISA BTP. The
offer has grown, but it is still poor6, as the number of qualifica-
tions does not exceed 37. Also, only the first and second cycle
are taught, not the third. So every year around 8,000 students lation is high, particularly if students who left for their studies
have to leave the North Basque Country for the final years of return.
their studies. Consequently, research and development in the North Bas-
Thirdly, there are very few research centres in this territory. que Country has resources and opportunities but it has to con-
In addition to centres that are part of PAHU (IKER and CDRE, for front problems linked to human capital (Human Resources
example), there are laboratories associated with CNRS and INRA applied in science and technology are 249.65 per 10,000 inha-
(such as Ecobiop). In fact, the majority of research centres, and bitants; in the Paris region, this figure is 2893.88), to investment
therefore the majority of researchers, budgets and publications (RTD spending is 1.2% compared to 2.24% in France as a whole,
are concentrated in Pau. So, throughout the whole PAHU there so only half the average) and to the structure to, above all, gua-
are 500 researchers and 26 labs, 9 of which are registered to rantee the future.
CNRS. In total, there are 335 doctorate students and 70 docto-
ral theses are read every year. The researchers publish more 6.- EDUCATION NATIONALE: L.enseignement supérieur et la recherche.
than 400 theses and 13 patents7 have been presented, with a Baiona, Académie de Bordeaux et du Pays Basque (2007).
budget of 12 million Euros, not including salaries. The problem 7.- CONSEIL DE DEVELOPPEMENT DU PAYS BASQUE: Synthèse de la con-
is that only a small fraction of them are located in the North Bas- tribution de l’atelier Enseignement supérieur-Recherche. Bayonne, June
2006.
que Country8.
8.- On the contrary, taking into account data from 2005, the number
The fourth characteristic is that the companies in this terri- of patents per 10,000 inhabitants is 2.44 on average, and for the Basque
tory are medium sized or above all small and specialised in pro- Country this is 0.65.
duction or application. Consequently they do very little rese- 9.- URTEAGA, E.: "Zientzia eta teknologiari buruzko gizarte irudikape-
arch and development, because they do not feel the need, they nak Ipar Euskal Herrian", Argitaratzear, GGOA, EHU, 2009.
do not have sufficient resources available to them, they do not 10.-EIZAGIRRE, A., URTEAGA, E.: Zientzia eta teknologiaren gizarte iri-
have qualified workers or because they do not receive the re- tziak eta irudikapenak Euskal Herrian, Cuadernos Sociológicos vascos, nº 26,
quired help from public powers. Consequently they are not par- 2009.
ticularly innovating companies and they find it hard to grow and
therefore to attract better researchers9.
In fifth place, the North Basque Country has resources to
attract research centres and
researchers. In fact, it is
well connected by land and
by air with other regions and
towns, it offers a high stan-
Scientific policy is a dard of living, public institu-
State competence, and tions (regions, depart-
that economic ments, districts and town
councils) and entities ser-
development is in the ving the public, such as the
hands of the regions, it Bayonne Chamber of Co-
is impossible to create mmerce and Industry, have
expressed their good inten-
a scientific policy just tions, it has an agreed and
for the North Basque financial territorial project
and the level of studies
Country among the potential popu- Argazki Press

47
Studies from 2009
Synthesis of socio-economic studies in the Basque Country
• Essential guide for cross border activity
• Social imbalance in Navarre
• Up to date image of the North Basque Country
• Towards a new competitive era
• Social-professional situation of people who have received the highest level of
schooling in Basque in the North Basque Country
 Studies from 2009

Essential guide for cross border activity

Free circulation of people and capital provides exceptional that appear in the rules
opportunities to citizens, professionals and companies from Bi- and norms in force;
dasoa-Txingudi, given that the two societies and economies can forms and addresses of
open doors for each other. However, due to the different legal interest are provided
systems on either side of the River Bidasoa, certain difficulties at the end of the pu-
may arise.This guide, published by the Bidasoa-Txingudi Cross- blication.
Border Consortium, aims to help overcome these obstacles and It analyses these
become a useful tool for inhabitants who come up against the- areas by looking at
se difficulties. different situations
It thereby compiles the bases of the different legal sys- including the follo-
tems, organising the information practically: it tackles situa- wing fields: legal
tions that might occur in the cross-border field, each presen- forms, essential pro-
ted by a frequently asked question, with its corresponding de- cedures to set up
tailed answer, aiming to give a complete response. This publi- companies, com-
cation appears in guide or manual format, containing purely pany statutes, part-
practical information. ner responsibility,
The manual looks at 239 taking into account
Title: Living and working in Bidasoa-
specific questions, adding capital and imposi-
Txingudi as a European. Practical its corresponding answer to tions. It encom-
cross-border guide. each one. Questions are di- passes local taxes,
Editor: Bidasoa-Txingudi Cross-Border vided into seven sections, revenue, companies and economic
Consortium.
Authors: Bidasoa-Txingudi Consortium
according to the different activities, whilst also studying the obligation to declare income
(town councils of Irun, Hondarribia and situations. So, the first tax, special regimes, the nature, field of application and scale
Hendaye). chapter looks at the situa- of taxation. It also studies employment contracts, analysing
Language: Basque. tion of a European citizen costs, social security, pensions and healthcare among other as-
Number of pages: 116
Publication date: 2009
working and living in Gipuz- pects and looks in detail at certain areas of the field of health
To consult the research: koa, and poses questions and education.
www.bidasoa-txingudi.com that might crop up in this si- The guide has been produced by the town councils of Irun,
tuation; the second chapter Hondarribia and Hendaye, within the framework of the Bidasoa-
focuses on European citi- Txingudi Cross-border Consortium, sponsored by the Basque Go-
zens who work and live in vernment, the Aquitaine Region, Loborare Cosein, Bidasoa Ac-
France, with their corresponding questions; the third tackles tiva and the Baiona Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
the situation of a European citizen living in France
and working in Gipuzkoa, with their corresponding
questions; the fourth, the situation of a European ci-
tizen who lives in Gipuzkoa and works in France, with
their corresponding questions; the fifth studies the
situation of companies that, whilst based in France,
run their activity in Gipuzkoa and companies that are
based in Gipuzkoa and run their activity in France,
with their corresponding questions; the sixth looks
at the situation of people that live in either Gipuz-
koa or France and work on both sides of the border,
with their corresponding questions; and the final
chapter analyses pensioners or people receiving in-
validity benefit or a widow's pension with their co-
rresponding questions.
The answers encompass situations experienced
by citizens, companies and professionals that live on
both sides of the border, comparing the legal forms Argazki Press

50
 Studies from 2009

Social imbalance in Navarre

Trade unions complain time and with 1998, and finally it studied Income Tax for 2007,
again about unfair division of we- and compared its evolution with 2001. The data
alth. This work, produced by the compiled in this chapter shows that income from
ELA Manu Robles-Arangiz Institute, work has made the greatest tax contribution
confirms this complaint using offi- (61.5%), but when distributing it, workers receive
cial data, specifically data relating less than business owners (44.1% for workers and
to the division of income, the tax 44.6% for business owners).
system, economic difficulties and The third chapter of the study analyses fea-
how public companies are organised. tures of economic difficulties based on data from
It analyses the situation in the Foral 2007. This part reflects the following situation:
Community of Navarre, demonstra- more than one quarter of Navarre homes have
ting the imbalances that exist in this low or medium economic revenues. Four out of
society. ten find it hard to make ends meet and one in
The study analyses different are- ten has no income at all. The situation is even
as, but all the research has led the worse in homes involving anyone who requires
authors to the same conclusion: both care or old people, as well as homes where the
in times of economic growth and in pe- head of the family is a woman, unemployed,
riods of crisis, the working class has al- retired, a pensioner, on disability payment or
ways suffered and continues to lose out, a housewife.
particularly the most vulnerable among Finally,
them. In addition, the authors confir- the last
med that public policies analysed in the chapter of Title: Imbalance in Navarre. Divisions
report (for example, the tax system and the report compiles ELA's in income, the tax system, economic
the fight against poverty) are closely related to the aforemen- assessment of the creation difficulties and public companies in
tioned situation. of Corporación Pública Em- Navarre.
Therefore, ELA has reached the conclusion that part of the presarial de Navarra, S.L.U. Editor: Manu Robles-Arangiz Institute.
trade union struggle should focus on changing policy, discarding In this assessment, the tra- Authors: ELA Study Office.
the policy that protects capital income and high income whilst de union criticises the fact Language: Basque, Spanish.
promoting a policy focussed on achieving general wellbeing that there are private com- Number of pages: 40
throughout society. panies with public capital, Publication date: June 2009
To reach this conclusion, the study has analysed in detail the due to the fact that this mo- To consult the research:
division of income, the tax system, economic difficulties and del leads to a risk of fraud www.mrafundazioa.org
how public companies are organised, based on data and studies and irregularities.
from public entities: specifically data published by IEN, the
Government of Navarre and the Statistics Institute and the
Navarre Population Survey 2007. Main tax collection per type of tax, structure and evolution
The report dedicates a chapter to each of the afore-
mentioned fields. So, in the first chapter the study analy- NAVARRE, January-May 2009-2008
ses the division of income in Navarre, based on official IEN
data. Having presented the data, this chapter demonstra- 2009 2008-2009
tes that income from work lost ground against wealth in Million % % Variation
2008, and that income from business owners and from ca- INCOME TAX 410.9 38.4 -5.1
pital has increased its share. VAT 251.4 23.5 -16.5
The second chapter, on the other hand, analyses the SPECIAL TAX 171.6 16.1 -5.4
Navarre tax system over different periods. To start with,
BUSINESS TAX 60.4 5.6 8.5
the study analysed tax collection in 2008, and looked at its
OTHERS 174.8 16.4 X
evolution compared with 2007. Next, it analysed the co-
TOTAL 1069.1 100 -3.18
llection from the period between January and May 2009,
and compared this with the same period in 2008. In the
next section, it studied 2008 and its evolution compared Source: Information provided by the Navarre Government

51
 Studies from 2009

Up to date image of the North Basque

Country
It is very difficult to get up-to-date information on formation for the area as a whole and in other
the North Basque Country. INSEE, the French na- cases it considers it by department or district.
tional statistics and economic studies institute, All this information has been divided into
very occasionally provides data for all towns in the seven chapters. The first chapter compiles
North Basque Country and the latest information data on the population, indicating that inland
available so far dates back to 1999. This institute villages are emptying, whilst the population
provided new data in 2009, corresponding to 2006, along the coast is rising and it analyses the de-
which helps us to construct a more up-to-date ima- mographic structure.
ge of the North Basque Country. It is this image that The second chapter, on the other hand,
is demonstrated in this Gaindegia publication enti- studies families. It shows that couples prevail
tled Socio-economic Portrait of the North Basque in the North Basque Country, as family units
Country and, consequently, it helps us to project an become increasingly smaller and later it des-
up-to-date overall view of the whole Basque Country. cribes the different family ties. Training is
The latest the topic of the third chapter revealing the
data collected higher percentage of women receiving
Title: Socio-demographic portrait of
by INSEE has re- schooling and drawing a rough outline of who has the highest le-
the North Basque Country. vealed that the different te- vels of education.
Publisher: Gaindegia. rritories in the Basque The fourth chapter analyses the population's activity. It stu-
Authors: Gaindegia. Country play host to similar dies activity and employment, by sector and socio-professional
Work group: Eneko Gorri, Solange Ma- problems, and therefore, categories and among other aspects it demonstrates that unem-
riluz, Imanol Esnaola, Lontzi Amado, the challenges are also prac- ployment hits young people, women and immigrants particularly
Jokin Zaldumbide, Jean-Joel Ferrand, tically the same. The latest hard. Alternately, the fifth chapter provides data on employment
Xabier Harlouxet, Xabier Itcana, Julien data reflects a modern so- and analyses working conditions, working hours, situation of wo-
Laborde, Miren Ehorga. ciety with a developed eco- men and salaries.
Language: Basque and French. nomy, although its popula- The sixth chapter focuses on companies, assessing their dy-
Number of pages: 40 tion is aging. Rural areas are namics, the number of employees and the weight of some sec-
Publication date: January 2010 becoming depopulated, ur- tors. Finally, the seventh and last chapter revolves around the to-
To consult the research:
ban nuclei are growing, the pic of housing: it establishes that there are an increasing number
www.gaindegia.org
size of family units is falling, of houses, particularly second homes, and analyses their age.
the service sector is
consolidating and in-
dustry and traditional activities are weakening. The de-
sertion of the most Basque speaking areas, the departure
of qualified young people abroad, and the weakening of
the industrial structure are particularly worrying aspects
in the North Basque Country. This data establishes future
challenges, providing clues about where to and how to tac-
kle the future of the territory.
Eneko Gorri led the work for Gaindegia, helped by Lon-
tzi Amado, Jokin Zaldumbide, Jean Joel Ferrand, Xabier
Harlouxet and Xabier Itcaina. Finally, Solange Mariluz and
Imanol Esnaola were in charge of its publication. To make
the vast amount of data provided by INSEE more accessible
for readers, they organised their work systematically and
made a wide selection of information. This is a descriptive
work that does not go into any further analysis although it
attempts to contrast the data from the North Basque
Country with the territories around it: most of it looks at in-
Source: : INSEE. www.atlasa.net

52
 Studies from 2009

Towards a new competitive era

Is the Basque Autonomous Community In terms of tackling the economic downturn, Or-
moving towards a new competitive era? kestra proposes building on the strengths of the BAC´s
What possible recommendations can be productive structure and reinforcing elements in their
made to ensure that this path is as effi- innovation system, particularly their well-developed
cient as possible? The second report pu- capacity for cooperation and the relatively efficient
blished by Orkestra, the Basque Compe- system of public-private collaboration when desig-
tition Institute, aims to answer these ning and implementing public policies.
two questions. The work aims to present Finally, the publication concludes that the crisis
the results of research carried out itself can be used as a stimulus and be turned into
focussing on the BAC´s competitiveness, an opportunity to move on to a new competitive sta-
to later reveal the steps required to make ge; it also establishes that this new stage will be
the territory more competitive in the fu- built on the following vectors: committing to suffi-
ture. cient, efficient RTD, developing aspects of innova-
The report is divided into two sections. tion that have not been particularly well develo-
The first section, organised into several ped in the mo-
chapters, measures the BAC and Basque del, increasing
Companies' competitiveness results and re- the size of Bas- Title: 2nd Report on Competitiveness
lates them to the territory's position in the que companies, developing in the Basque Country: towards the
field of innovation. The second section studies critical factors entrepreneurialism, making competitive stage of innovation.
for the BAC economy to be competitive, specifically factors that decisive progress towards in- Publisher: Publicaciones Deusto. Deus-
might have a catalysing effect on the evolution of our territory ternationalisation, capturing to University.
towards to a competitive era based on innovation. knowledge and foreign in- Authors: Orkestra-Basque Competition
The report concludes that the Basque economy is in a tran- vestments, drawing in the fi- Institute.
sition period, leaving behind a competitive period based on in- nancial resources required Language: Basque, Spanish, French,
vestment and in search of efficiency, to go further down the path by, when appropriate, deve- English.
of innovation in a new era that rewards improving productivity loping new financial instru- N. pages: executive summary 23
and drawing up single value proposals; it also presents the key ments and setting up appro- Publication date: 2009
factors to reach this new era appropriately. priate institutions, both in To access the study:
It thereby establishes that the BAC economy is facing two terms of political action and www.orkestra.deusto.es
types of challenges: on the one hand, challenges to transform cooperation.
its model and transition towards a higher level of com-
petitive development; and on the other, challenges
to confront the economic downturn affecting Spanish PER CAPITA GDP (IN PPP-€) AND SCORE IN THE EUROPEAN INNOVATION
and world economies, which it is connected to. SCOREBOARD 2008
Relating to transforming the productive model,
it states that progress is required in other forms of co- 45,000
NO

operation and innovation to pass into a higher com- 40,000

GDP per capita in 2008, in PPP-€

petitive development level. It seems to be necessary 35,000 EAE IE

NI
that, in addition to cooperating with other agents in EAEZ
AT SE
CH
30,000 DK
BE
the cluster or the regional innovation system, com- IS
FR
UK DE FI
ES
panies and other players in the Basque Country should 25,000 ITGR EB27
CY
SI
incorporate increasing doses of knowledge and join 20,000 MT CZ
PT
international networks. On the hand, innovation and HR
IT
SK
HU EE
15,000
learning based on experience have to increase and LV PL
TR RO
more participative models should be promoted. 10,000 BG

Additionally, the Basque economy should also boost 5,000

innovation's modes of learning based on science and 0
technology; they should particularly improve the 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
efficiency of their innovation system and correct their
Score in European Innovation Scoreboard 2008
poor ratio of technological outputs to inputs.
Source: 2nd Report on Competitiveness in the Basque Country: towards the competitive stage of innovation.

53
 Studies from 2009

Social-professional situation of people who

have received the highest level of schooling
in Basque in the North Basque Country
The history of Ikastolas in the North Basque Country began 40 ye- cal socio-economic network with
ars ago, in 1969 to be precise. It began with an infant school, and high quality Basque-speaking pro-
twelve years later Seaska opened the first high school; from that fessionals.
moment on, hundreds of students have been able to complete However, humanities-related
their secondary education in Basque. It is precisely these young studies and professions prevail
people that form the collective with the highest level of schoo- among them and if this trend
ling in Basque in the North Basque Country. holds, we might also see an incre-
However, once they finish studying at Seaska, where do the- ase in the number of unemployed
se young people go? Where have they continued their studies? former students in the not too dis-
What have they studied? What do they do for a living? And whe- tant future. In addition, by choo-
re? To date there has been no sing these branches, professionals
monitoring of their socio-pro- schooled in Basque are excluding
Title: Academic and socio-
professional career of young people in fessional career. This informa- themselves from positions with
the North Basque Country. Experience the greatest economic and social influence.
tion is incredibly interesting and
of former Seaska students 1984-2008. important, both for the Fede- In fact, one of the main socio-economic challenges in the
Editor: Gaindegia. North Basque Country consists of diversifying economic activity,
ration of Ikastolas and Basque
Authors: Gaindegia, working with Se- balancing out the predominance of tourism and services related
speakers, and for the socio-eco-
aska and Hezkuntek.
Work group: Ramuntxo Etcheberry, Be-
nomic network in the North to tourism and developing industry and services related to it. Most
ñat Castorene, Jaki Aguerre, Gillermo students leaving Seaska are not qualified to meet this challenge.
Basque Country. Aware of this
Etxebarria and former students, direc- importance, Gaindegia, wor- Therefore, the main challenge is as follows: train a strong
ted by Eneko Gorri. group of people who can implicate themselves in the challenges
king alongside Seaska and Hez-
Language: Basque. kuntek, have promoted this of the economic and social network in the North Basque Country,
Number of pages: 62
Publication date: October 2009.
for which the South Basque Country can offer wonderful oppor-
work, convinced that it will pro-
To consult the research: tunities.
vide us with valuable informa-
www.gaindegia.org tion for the future of the NorthThis article has been drawn up by a work group led by Eneko
Basque Country. Gorri, including Ramuntxo Etcheberri, Beñat Castorene, Jaki
Aguerre, Gillermo Etxeberria and former Seaska students, also
The study draws clear con-
working with Anton Mustirats and Eusko Ikaskuntza-Basque Stu-
clusions. Thanks to Seaska's
dies Company.
work, there is a wide-ranging group of professionals in the North
Basque Country that have been schooled in Basque, who intend, The information required for the study was obtained using a
questionnaire, structured around seven topics: student data, cu-
more firmly than other collectives, to live and work in the North
rrent situation, academic career, professional career, place of re-
Basque Country. This helps to smooth out the trend that sees na-
tives leave the North Basque Country, thereby equipping the lo-sidence, linguistic habits and Seaska. There were a total of 96
questions, of which six were open. Students were given seve-
ral options to complete the questionnaire: on-line, on paper,
DO EXIST JOB IN YOUR SECTOR IN THE NORTH BASQUE COUNTRY? by email or over the phone. Most answers were received on-
line or by email.
No many information Locating former students required teamwork; after con-
Yes, but little tacting some students, they used these contacts to find the
17%
7% No, I´m graduated rest. In any case, Internet was the most widely-used tool, as
15% No, no idea its social networks such as Facebook were very useful in terms
Yes, plenty of of finding former students.
34% The study was divided into three sections, but this publi-
27% cation looks specifically at two of them: on the one hand, so-
cio-professional careers, and on the other, mobility of former
students. The document also includes an additional study re-
lated to research looking at aspects of choosing to venture to
the South Basque Country.
Source: Academic and socioprofessional career of young people in the North Basque Country. Experience of
former Seaska students 1984-2008. Gaindegia.

54
Press file
Acredited journalists have drawn up a ranking for
hot topics in 2009
• Employment, reaching boiling point - Karmele Aranburu.
• Many proposals and few measures - Iker Aranburu .
• Doubts about implementing the High Speed Train Link - Idoia Eraso.
• The situation gets worse - Iker Bizkarguenaga.
• Rise in direct and indirect taxes - Juan Mari Arregi.
• Actions against speculation continue in the North Basque Country -
Aitor Renteria.
• Aiming to enter new sectors - Carlos Etxeberri.
• Without being able to merge, each bank looks after its own interests -
Miren Garate.
• The new Polo gives the Navarre automotive industry some breathing
space - Juan Angel Monreal.
• The first general strike under the new Basque Government
- Miren Ibañez.
 Press file
Employment, reaching
boiling point
Throughout 2009, unemployment in the Basque
Country reached the highest rates of the last few de-
cades. Taking the autumn data as a reference, unem-
ployment figures rose 50-60% in a year and in No-
vember more than 164,000 citizens did not have a job
in the South Basque Country. In addition, the number
of downsizing and redundancy plans has hit a new
high.
• At the start of the year, the unemployment rate jumped
from being merely technical to hit two figures: 10.66%. In
the North Basque Country, however, the number of job
offers appearing in the Bayonne job centre dropped 34%.
• At the start of spring, one third of the unemployed in the
South Basque Country had used up all their unemployment
benefit and had started to apply for emergency measures.
• During the first six months of the year, twice as many
downsizing and redundancy plans were admitted in the
South Basque Country as in the whole of 2008. The Basque
Government admitted 2,059 downsizing and redundancy
plans from January to November, which affected 20,430
workers. The Navarre Government admitted 537 plans
from January to September which affected 16,312 workers.
Many proposals and few
measures
The economic downturn demonstrated a lack of
control over the financial market. The influence
of this market reached the real economy in 2009,
causing significant damage. Faced with all this,
authorities announced measures to control the fi-
nancial system, but any specific measures to date
have been insufficient.
• At the start of the year, community authorities in Ber-
lin agreed to toughen up measures to control the Eu-
ropean Union financial system, such as increasing con-
trol of rating agencies, private investment companies
and tax havens.
• In the spring, the United States announced a series
of measures to control the financial market.
•In the spring and autumn G-20 meetings, rules were
set to increase control of the financial system, a co-
mmitment was made to create the Financial Stability
Board (FSB), and they decided to create a register to
control the rating agencies. Furthermore, they
agreed to implement a joint bonus system for head of
banks and any increase in bank reserves.
56
An MP3 player or 8 packs of football cards?
Here we have 2 girls: an 8 year old with an
MP3 player that she won't let her friends
borrow for love nor money and a 7 year old
who is dying to get her hands on one but
can't. Who is the victim here?
The first girl's parents have to come to
terms with the fact that they will not be
able to keep giving her wonderful gifts.
The second girl is more aware of what's
available to her and won't keep waiting for
something that is never going to appear.
Exit the first girl, in tears.
I am providing this as an example of what
is to come. The problem is not our unem-
ployment rate, but what happens next,
particularly what will happen in our own
homes. We have to come to terms with
the fact that we will never be as rich as we
have been and I really mean rich, becau-
se we were never aware of it. We will have
to get used to what we had as kids when
we were more interested in a cardboard
house or truck than the latest model of
Play Station or similar.
Business as usual
Back in September 2008 the financial
world was about to explode. A year and a
few months later, we cannot say that we
are back to business as usual, but the main
banks in the world are acting as though this
is the case. Otherwise how can we get to
grips with the idea that Wall Street power
players have given themselves even higher
salaries than last year? Or that they res-
pond with the same line to all the humble
efforts made by governments in an
attempt to standardise and run stricter
controls: "It would harm competition in the
sector." The fact that they have led rich
countries (economic hardship among the
poor is hardly news) into the greatest re-
cession since the Second World War has not
alarmed them in the slightest. They are
not bothered by either the outcry from
heads of state or public scorn, fully aware
that they continue to make profit from the
same old business, from investment banks
and their associated gambling.
Apart from a few dramatic measures (such
as imposing a 50% tax on banker's bonuses
The problem is
not just a ma-
tter of kids at
Christmas but Karmele Aranburu
adults all year Herri-Irratia
round. We will
pay for our ma-
te's drinks or dinner a few times, but one
day we won't be able to... because one
day it might happen to us, a situation that
we don't really want to think about: unem-
ployment.
We have always had the safety net of our
families - that good Basque tradition - but
maybe the time has come when this won't
work anymore.
The message is clear, if we don't realise
that we will never be as rich as we were,
we will never be able to react. The eco-
nomic downturn can be used positively or
negatively and we have the chance to get
the best out it. In the meantime, please,
as much as you can, let the safety net and
common sense apply.
this year),
world finance
restructuring
only exists on Iker Aranburu
paper. In 2010 BERRIA
we will see the
shape it might
take, and to what extent the banks'
lobbying manages to blow initial proposals
out of the water. Anyone waiting for a re-
volution shouldn't hold their breath. It cer-
tainly won't happen until they feel the next
tremor, until the bubble currently being in-
conspicuously inflated starts to burst.
What about the Basque Country? Local
building societies have been affected by
the mistrust generated around the Spanish
financial sector, but it seems that this has
not caused too much damage. Putting
prior ambitions to one side, they have be-
come more careful and conservative. The
CAN has found some peculiar allies and the
rest are waiting for the calm after the
(economic and political) storm, to finally
merge.
Doubts about implementing
the High Speed Train Link
There has been much controversy and many opi-
nions expressed around the project to build the High
Speed Train Link (TAV) in Lapurdi. Not only environ-
mental groups but also neighbourhood associations
and French government representatives have asked
for the project to be scrapped. Nevertheless, it is
going ahead.
• At the start of the year, the Bayonne-Angelet-Biarritz
community did not accept the financing proposed by the
French government for the new TAV line.
• In the spring, French government representatives Michè-
le Alliot-Marie and Dominique Busserau requested that
any analysis on the Lapurdi section of the TAV should be
abandoned until the current rail network was saturated.
• In the summer, the RFF and around 50 Lapurdi politi-
cians agreed to go through with the TAV line in Lapurdi.
Following this agreement, expert research carried out in
Switzerland revealed that there was no risk of saturation
for the next 50 years using the current rail network.
The situation gets worse
The situation of the primary sector, which was not
particularly healthy, has been made worse by the
crisis. Basque farmers and fishermen do not hold
out much hope and made several protests in 2009
to demonstrate that this situation is unsustaina-
ble.
• Farmers' protests started at the start of the summer.
In June, called on by EHNE, they stopped the traffic in
the centre of Bilbao with tractors to ask for a change
in the agrarian policy.
• In July, the EU rejected the regulation of the milk
market and price setting, and ratified that they would
eliminate quotas in 2011.
• In the autumn, milk producers from all over Europe
held a protest in Brussels, as EU agriculture ministers
went into their meeting. Brussels offered farmers eco-
nomic aid totalling 280 million Euros.
• In December the European Commission agreed to
authorise anchovy fishing for fishermen from the Bas-
que Country and France from March 2010.
No to the High Speed Train link, the fight that
has united all corners of society
Young and old, left and right, politicians
and citizens, the fight against the new
High Speed Train link has brought people
toge-ther from all walks of life in the
North Basque Country. The demonstra-
tion held in Bayonne on 17th October, the
largest to date, was even attended by pe-
ople who do not normally go to demons-
trations. However, some powerful peo-
ple are continuing their earnest fight to
defend building more infrastructures.
Locals are used to seeing the High Speed
Train go through their towns. Given that
the TGV already travels along the coast
of Lapurdi, a large number of citizens and
people from the political sphere do not
think that a new railway line is necessary.
This opinion has spread considerably sin-
ce the independent Swiss office, Citec,
published their report establishing that
the current railway line would not be sa-
turated until 2050. The report was drawn
up at the request of the three towns ta-
Analysis primary sector
The extreme crisis that the Basque Country
primary sector is currently immersed in sho-
wed its true colours in 2009, without
implying that this problem has only been ge-
nerated over the last months or years. To the
contrary, this decline has structural roots
and requires the same scale of response to
be able to create some hope for the future.
There are numerous factors that affect this
crisis and, despite the fact that develop-
ment of primary material and product de-
mand appear among these factors, they
are not the most relevant. The basis for this
economic downturn does not lie in the seas
and fields or on the Basque tables but in
the offices. In fact, decisions made affec-
ting the anchovy market (on both sides) or
the issue of milk prices and quotas have de-
monstrated that, once again, this match is
being played in the institutions and that
our fishermen and farmers are just left
watching from the sidelines, with no op-
portunity to take part.
king a stand
against the
new infrastruc- Idoia Eraso
ture and it sta- GARA
tes that if new
conditioning
work was done on the current line, it
would meet its needs for the next 40 ye-
ars.
This report has snowballed over the year,
given that the reasons in favour of the
new railway have not been able to coun-
ter the reasons against it. The project
management commission also had to re-
quest another report on freight transport
forecasts, when it became clear that the
previous report was false.
The choice of route has provoked major
conflict and filled many, many pages of
the newspapers. In order to temper pro-
tests against the new railway, a promise
has been made that 60% of the journey
covered in Lapurdi will be underground.
At the end of the
day, decisions
that affect the
primary sector Iker Bizkarguenaga
so directly are GARA
completely con-
ditioned by sta-
te interests and pressure from the industry,
and these decisions are taken in Brussels,
or in other words in institutions where Bas-
que citizens do not have any direct repre-
sentation. If the situation is difficult th-
roughout Europe, it is worse for Basque
farmers and fishermen, as they do not have
any representatives to speak in their name
without other conditioning factors.
To this we should add the timid response and
scarce help offered by local institutions
when confronted by this sector's needs.
All these elements predict a black future
for this sector where time is running out,
despite being a fundamental sector for this
region.
57
 Press file
Rise in direct and indirect taxes
Local authorities announced a tax rise. The majority have ri-
sen and trade unions and social agents complained that these
rises would hit ordinary citizens particularly hard. In the South
Basque Country, direct and indirect taxes were raised; in the
North Basque Country, VAT was lowered for bars and restau-
rants.
• In the spring, the French government decided to lower VAT for
bars and restaurants from 5.5% to 5%, meaning dropping it 19%,
which had a direct effect in the North Basque Country.
• At the start of the summer, the Government of Navarre decla-
red that it would not raise its taxes and that it would not be han-
ding out the 400€ deduction from 2008.
• The Spanish government announced that VAT would rise from
16% to 18%. On the other hand, the largest Basque trade union as-
ked the Basque Government to raise capital tax, company tax and
the tax paid by the highest income bracket, but the Government
said no.
• The BAC Finance Council decided to raise capital tax from 18%
to 20% although, on the contrary, it lowered company tax.
Actions against speculation
continue in the North Basque
Country
Data shows that, as a result of the economic downturn, fe-
wer houses have been sold in the North Basque Country and
the number of rural land exchanges has dropped. Despite
this, the Irrintzi group continued its activities in 2009 to de-
nounce this type of speculation.
• In February, the Bayonne Chamber of Commerce released new
data on the North Basque Country: in 2008, the number of hou-
ses built dropped 7.7%. However from January, 56 building per-
mits for 199 m2 were awarded, of which 40% were located on the
coast. 37 projects were approved to build houses of which 66%
were located on the coast.
• In April, the Irrintzi group carried out an attack on the Europe-
an education centre in Capbreton. The slogan EH ez da salgai
(The Basque Country is not for sale) appeared at the scene.
• In August, shots were fired at two estate agents in the Landes
department. Graffiti appeared at the scene with the following
text: Irrintzi UMP EH Ez da salgai (Irrintzi UMP The Basque Country
is not for sale). The French president Nicolas Sarkozy intended
to attend summer courses that were to be held there.
58
Neoliberal taxation policy
The taxation policy that public ad-
ministrations maintained in the
South Basque Country during 2009
has continued to be neoliberal and
this will continue into 2010, with a
consequent reduction in public spen-
ding. Why? Because taxes have been
higher for workers and popular sec-
tors, because business tax has drop-
ped, capital tax has been eliminated,
and because taxation fraud has not
been controlled in business sectors
and among freelancers.
Tax pressure in the South Basque
Country is below the European ave-
rage (39.8% of GDP). The South Bas-
que Country has had tax pressure of
33.4% of GDP (33.7% in BAC and
32.5% in Navarre). Even the Spanish
state, with 37.1% of GDP, has tax
pressure 3.7 points higher than in
Too cheap to sell, too expensive to buy
Evolving housing prices is a delicate
subject for estate agents. Sellers asso-
ciated with the FNAIM group or the Orpi
agency, the largest groups in the North
Basque Country, state that the price of
housing in the North Basque Country
has dropped by 10% in general. At the
start of the year, they claimed that it
had fallen another 10% in 2008. In any
case, despite this trend, certain diffe-
rentiating elements remain because
the price of the most expensive hou-
sing, located in the main cities along
the coast of Lapurdi, has not dropped
at all.
Consequently, a house in Bayonne that
was sold for 150,000 Euros before the
economic downturn is currently being
sold for 135,000. According to Andre La-
came, president of the FNAIM group,
floor space in Bayonne is going for a pri-
ce of three thousand Euros per square
metre. In St Jean de Luz, prices have
also fallen by 10% although they admit
that in locations under the direct in-
fluence of tourism, prices have not fa-
the South
Basque
C o u n t r y,
which is Juan Mari Arregi
the equi- ARGIA
valent of
3,080 mi-
llion less collected. According to
this taxation deficit compared to
the EU, in one year - 2007 (the last
official homogeneous data) - 5,360
million Euros less were collected in
the South Basque Country than
would have been collected under
average European tax pressure
(4,020 million in BAC and 1,340 in
Navarre). What are the consequen-
ces? Cuts in social spending: health,
education, housing, social exclu-
sion, etc. Who suffers? Workers and
popular sectors as always.
llen at all.
So, in the
centre and Aitor Renteria
along the BERRIA
seafront of
St Jean de
Luz, floor
space is sold at five thousand Euros per
square metre.
On the other hand, house prices are lo-
wer in Lower Navarre and Zuberoa. Pri-
ces have dropped 15% in Lower Navarre
and between 20-30% in Zuberoa. As far
as houses are concerned, floor space is
sold at 1,400 Euros per square metre in
Lower Navarre and 1,000 Euros in Zu-
beroa. 39% of people say that this is a
good time to buy but, at the same time,
only 10% say that it is the right time to
sell. According to the people at FNAIM,
this imbalance demonstrates how the
market is evolving. Owners do not want
to sell at such low prices and buyers do
not want to pay so much. The sales vo-
lume has dropped between 25-30%, and
it is not returning to its original position.
Aiming to enter new sectors
The economic downturn has demonstrated that it is ne-
cessary to make an effort in terms of innovation and Bas-
que economic agents have started to make inroads into
new production sectors. Important research centres
were opened throughout 2009 and they have announced
pioneering projects for the next few years.
• At the end of January, the Nanogune research centre was
inaugurated on the San Sebastian campus of the University of
the Basque Country. The centre was set up to become a Eu-
ropean reference point for nano-science and nanotechnology.
• February: the candidate for the Basque presidency, Patxi
López, stated his intention to create a research centre for re-
newable energies.
• In the autumn, two bio-pharmacy companies opened in No-
ain (Navarre). Both companies are promoted by the Govern-
ment of Navarre through SODENA. The University of Navarre
announced that it was going to set up three research centres
in the fields of bio-engineering, neglected diseases and nutri-
genomics.
• The Spanish and Basque governments announced that in the
end the sub-headquarters for the European spallation centre
would be built in Leioa.
Without being able to merge,
each bank looks after its own
interests
After failing in the attempt to merge building societies, each
one started 2009 on their own. The crisis in the financial
markets has spurred financial entities to implement new
strategies, and some have chosen to join up with other en-
tities outside the Basque Country.
• In April, Xabier de Irala declared that he would leave the pre-
sidency of BBK for health reasons. Three months later, Mario Fer-
nández was chosen to replace him.
• In the summer, BBK president Mario Fernández stated his in-
tention to acquire Caja Castilla La Mancha, but in the end it was
absorbed by Cajastur.
• In September, Kutxa took the plunge into the Bizkaia market
(Durango) and BBK into Gipuzkoa (Zarautz and Eibar).
• In November, Caja Navarra and Caja Canarias agreed to mer-
ge. Each kept their own name and legal status in their territory
but will use a common name and status elsewhere.
Emerging sectors
Despite the fact that the economic down-
turn has paralysed many industrial pro-
jects, renewable energies, transport and
biotechnologies sectors continue to pre-
sent great projects for the future of the
Basque economy in international compe-
tition, without forgetting the machine-to-
ols and automotive sectors that have be-
come watchwords for our know-how and
have made the Basque Country a referen-
ce point in international markets.
The Basque energy sector in general has
weathered the dismal economic climate
well and perspectives for renewable
energy companies are reasonably positive
for 2010, according to growth perspecti-
ves that are starting to appear in the Uni-
ted States and other European countries
such as Germany or France.
Transport constitutes another important
sector in the Basque Country, with the Be-
asain company CAF setting a world bench-
mark if we take into account the contracts
The influence of politics
The finance sector is changing and it
looks as though from now on the mar-
ket will be split between the major
groups. The majority of building socie-
ties and banks are immersed in fusion
or merger processes in order to adapt
to the new scenario. Merging BBK and
Kutxa intended to create an entity with
greater financial solidity but the pro-
ject failed, although pressure from
competitors has strengthened the need
for growth even more. Mario Fernán-
dez, the new president of BBK, has
made it very clear that he will put all
his efforts behind growth.
In his first attempt, he presented an
offer to take over Caja Castilla la Man-
cha, although this effort was made in
vain. BBK is the most solvent savings
entity, and so it might hope that this
solvency would play an important role
in this type of operation. However, as
happened with Kutxa, on this occasion
it has also been demonstrated that po-
that it conti-
nuously signs
abroad for its rail
units for long Carlos Etxeberri
and medium dis- NOTICIAS DE GIPUZKOA
tance trains and
city metros.
Commitment to RTD+i and internationali-
sation, implanting production plants in the
United States, Mexico and Brazil, has made
it possible for the Gipuzkoa railway cons-
tructor to become one of the top manu-
facturers in the world in a sector that is
making great progress due to many coun-
tries' policies encouraging this type of
transport.
Despite the fact that biotechnologies ap-
pear to be an emerging economic sector
on paper, the future remains uncertain due
to a lack of results that might bring about
its consolidation. Corporación Mondragón's
commitment in this field, creating a socio-
sanitary branch to study population aging.
litical moti-
ves can
prevail over
all other is- Miren Garate
sues. The BERRIA
Bank of
Spain plumped for the offer made by
Cajastur, despite the fact that many
people doubted that this was the most
advantageous offer. Here is another
example of the weight exerted by po-
litics: Gregorio Rojo, president of Caja
Vital, was the first person to stand up
and say that the Basque building so-
ciety merger should be restarted. Ho-
wever, when given the opportunity, he
and his PSE-EE party were the main op-
ponents to the operation.
In this respect, Caja Navarra does not
suffer any tension and so it has been
able to create the Banca Cívica group
jointly with Caja Canarias and Caja Bur-
gos as they only require the authorisa-
tion from the Bank of Spain.
59
 Press file
The new Polo gives the
Navarre automotive industry
some breathing space
The situation of the Volkswagen factory in Landaben has
improved considerably in 2009. Arguing lack of work at
the start of the year, the company presented a downsi-
zing and redundancy plan but after a few months the de-
mand for the new Polo rose considerably, so the Navarre
plant could take on new workers.
• At the start of the year, company management announced
their intention to present a downsizing and redundancy plan in
the Volkswagen Landaben plant.
• In the spring, the Landaben started to manufacture the new
Polo A05 model. Volkswagen presented this vehicle at an event
held in May in Geneva.
• In September, following company data, the new vehicle mo-
del, created 400 temporary jobs and 8000 new jobs.
• In autumn, the new Polo hit the Basque Country salesrooms.
By then, the Landaben factory had taken on 1,500 new workers.
The first general strike under
the new Basque Government
The trade union majority in Basque Country called a joint
general strike for the 21st May. Some complained that this
was a strike against the new Basque Government, but the
organisers claimed that it was against employer black-
mail.
• On the last day of March, the trade union majority called a
joint general strike for the 21st May. The ELA, LAB, ESK, STEE-
EILAS, HIRU and EHNE trade unions called the strike to com-
plain about the destruction of jobs and employer blackmail.
• A few days before the event, representatives from the PSE-
EE complained that the general strike would be against the
new Basque Government.
• 21st May: The strike had a wide reaching effect, particularly
in industry and commerce. It was seconded to the greatest ex-
tent in Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia and the north of Navarre. The Bas-
que Government, the Government of Navarre and employers,
on the other hand, minimised the response to the strike and
claimed it was a failure.
60
Breathing room for Navarre
Volkswagen Navarra completed the
launch of the Polo A05 in 2009, as the
most modern and refined version of
the utilitarian classic from the Ger-
man multinational. And it did this
with remarkable market success. The
Polo was named car of the year and
its expected sales mean that the
Pamplona factory can look forward to
plenty of work in 2010, with planned
production of almost 320,000 cars,
the highest in its history.
The new car and the change of trend
in the market —sensitive to direct
funding and increasingly favouring
low consumption cars— has meant
that the Navarre factory has come
out of 2009 not only avoiding redun-
dancies or cutting back hours, but ta-
21st May:
one strike, many different readings
Protest or demand? Success or failure?
The general strike called on 21st May
2009 can be read as many ways as the-
re are people to read it. It had an une-
ven effect, making an impact in some
areas and sectors, although far from
paralysing economic activity. Just
when the onslaught of the economic
downturn seemed to reach its decisive
point, unashamedly affecting employ-
ment (during the first quarter an ave-
rage of 410 jobs a day had been des-
troyed, 90% of new contracts at this
time were temporary and downsizing
plans abounded), the parties calling
the strike, fundamentally ELA and LAB,
made use of this extreme tool (not
used since 2002 against the Aznar go-
vernment's decretazo) in the name of
king on
m o r e
than a
thousand Juan Angel Monreal
t e m p o - DIARIO DE NOTICIAS
rary staff
to cover
production requirements. In this way,
Volkswagen worked continuously th-
roughout the summer and most wee-
kends, with special shifts and a fair
amount of overtime, to meet the de-
adlines set by the multinational. In
total, and without taking into
account the 21 direct suppliers loca-
ted in the Province, over 5,000 peo-
ple have worked in the plant this year
on average which is good news for the
Navarre employment market.
defending
workers'
r i g h t s , Miren Ibañez
that ne- NOTICIAS DE ALAVA
verthe-
less, see-
med to
end up as an odd exhibition of the for-
ce of the far left trade unions. This was
due to the inevitable political reading
- intentional or not - of a call to strike
launched on the coattails of a change
in Ajuria Enea colours. This reading
could also originate from the strike's 'u-
nilateral' organisation, not involving
non nationalist trade unions, also re-
presenting the first step in the later
progress made towards uniting politi-
cal and social agents from the far left.
Basic guide to
socio-economic
agents in the
Basque Country
 Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
@ Social economy
ANEL- Asociación Navarra
de Empresas Laborales
Río Alzania, 29 -1.a
31006 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 24 04 00
general@anel.es
www.anel.es/
Euskadiko Kooperatiben
Goren Kontseilua
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea 51, 01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 11 55
info@csce-ekgk.coop
www.csce-ekgk.coop
Euskadiko Kooperatiben
Konfederazioa
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea 51, 01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 20 53
ekk@konfekoop.coop
www.konfekoop.coop
Euskadiko Nekazari
Kooperatiben Federazioa
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea, 51 Behea
01013 Gasteiz, (Araba)
(0034) 945 25 70 88
info@euskadi.coop
www.euskadi.coop
Euskadiko Kontsumo
Kooperatiben Federazioa
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea, 51 Behea
01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 11 27
kontsumo@ekkf-fecoe.coop
www.ekkf-fecoe.coop
62
basic guide to socio-economic
agents in the Basque Country
ERKIDE - Euskadiko Lan
Elkarteen, Irakaskuntza eta
Kreditu Kooperatiben
Federazioa
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea, 51Behea
01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 20 50
erkide@erkide.coop
www.erkide.coop
Euskadiko Garraiolari
Kooperatiben Federazioa
Nafarroako Errege-Erreginen
kalea, 51 Behea
01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 00 80 05
Elkar-Lan, S.COOP. -
Kooperatibak Sustatzeko
Elkartea
San Vicente kalea, 8- 9. Ezk.
Albia Eraikina II
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 470 37 60
elkarlan@elkarlan.coop
www.elkarlan.coop
ASLE - Euskadiko Elkarte
Laboral Taldea
Ercilla 3, 48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 435 47 30
asle@asle.es
www.asle.es
Centro Formación Bilbao
Ugazko, 1-3-5
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 447 14 20
ipl@asle.es
www.asle.es
ASLE Donostia
Gernikako Arbola ibilbidea, 24
20006 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 44 58 69
asle-ss@asle.es
www.asle.es
ASLE Gasteiz
Pedro Asuakoa, 57 - Behea
01008 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 21 41 25
asle-vi@asle.es
www.asle.es
Business Associations
ADEGI - Gipuzkoako
Enpresarien Elkartea
Mikeletegi ibilbidea, 52 -
Miramon Teknologi Elkartegia
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 94 330 90 30
adegi@adegi.es
www.adegi.es
AED - Bizkaiko Emakumezko
Enpresari eta
Zuzendarien Elkartea
Ercilla, 24- 3, 2. Bulegoa,
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 416 81 14
aed@euskalnet.net
www.aednet.net
AJEBASK PAÍS VASCO -
Federación
de Asociaciones
de Jóvenes Empresarios del
País Vasco
Naipes plaza, 13-15 Behea
01006 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 19 29 /
945 12 19 30
ajebaskalava@ajebaskalava.es
www.ajebaskalava.es/
AJEBASK Bizkaia -
Asociación de Jóvenes
Empresarios/as
de Bizkaia
Santa Ana, 7- 1.a,
10. Bulegoa 48940
Leioa (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 441 77 80
ajebaskbizkaia@telefonica.net
www.ajebaskbizkaia.com
AJEBASK Álava -
Asociación de Jóvenes
Empresarios/as de Alava
Naipes plaza, 13-15 Behea
01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 94 512 19 29
ajebaskalava@ajebaskalava.es
www.ajebaskalava.es
AJEBASK Guipuzcoa-
Asociación de Jóvenes
Empresarios/as de Guipuzcoa
Portuetxe 23B,
Cemei Eraikina 4.º solairua
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 94 321 90 61
www.ajebaskgipuzkoa.es
Alava Incoming -
Asociación Empresarial
para la Promoción
de Congresos y
Turismo de Álava
Eduardo Dato 38, Arabako
Merkataritza eta Industria
Ganberako eraikina,
01005 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 94 514 18 00
info@alavaincoming.com
www.alavaincoming.com
AMPEA - Arabako Profesional
eta Enpresari Emakumeen
Elkartea
Errekatxiki, 29 - Behea
01003 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 12 50 50
ampea@ampea.es
www.ampea.es
APD - Asociación para el
Progreso de la Dirección
José María Olabarri, 2 - Behea
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 423 22 50
apd@bil.apd.es
www.apd.es
Bizkaia Ostalaritzako Elkartea
Gran Via, 38 - 2.a
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 435 66 60
aehv@asociacionhosteleria.com
www.asociacionhosteleria.com
CEV - Círculo de Empresarios
Vascos
Ibañez de Bilbao, 28 - 5. D
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 424 34 71
mcarranza@infonegocio.com
CEBEK - Bizkaiko Enpresarien
Konfederazioa
Gran Vía, 50 - 5.a
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 400 28 00
idelbusto@cebek.es
www.cebek.es
CONFEBASK - Euskal
Entrepesarien
Konfederakuntza
Gran Via, 45 - 2.a
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 402 13 31
confebask@confebask.es
www.confebask.es
MEDEF- Mouvement des
Entreprises de France
55 Avenue Bosquet F-75330
Paris Cedex 07
(0033) 01 53 59 19 19
www.medef.fr
SEA - Arabako Enpresariak/
Empresarios Alaveses
Posta pasabidea, 32 - 6.a
01001 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 00 04 00
sea@sea.es
www.sea.es
USSE- Unión de Selvicultores
del Sur de Europa
Larrauri, 1 B - 6.a
48160 Derio, (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 474 78 26
usse@usse.es
www.usse.es

CEN - Confederación de
Empresarios De Navarra
Pedro I, 1- Solairuartea,
31007 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 26 33 00 /
948 25 07 78
cen@cenavarra.es
www.cenavarra.es
FAPYMEN - Consejo
de Pequeña
y Mediana Empresa
Pedro I, 1- Solairuartea,
31007 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948263300 / 948250778
cen@cenavarra.es
www.cenavarra.es
Statistical
institutes
EUSTAT, Euskal Estatistika
Erakundea
Donostia 1N eraikina,
01010 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 01 75 12
www.eustat.es
webmaster_eustat@eustat.es
INE Estatistika Institutu
Nazionala / Araba
Eduardo Dato, 44 -
01005 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 15 47 30
www.ine.es
info@ine.es
Gipuzkoa
Jose Maria Soroa, 23 -
20013 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 29 36 66
www.ine.es
info@ine.es
Bizkaia
Zabalgune Plaza, 3.
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 410 61 00
www.ine.es
info@ine.es
Nafarroa Garaia
Barañain Etorbidea,
11, Atzealdea
31008 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 36 67 24
www.ine.es
info@ine.es
IEN, Nafarroako Estatistika
Institutua
Karlos III, 36, 2. Esk.
31001 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848 42 34 00
www.cfnavarra.es/estadistica/
estadistica@cfnavarra.es
INSEE, Estatistika Institutu
Nazionala eta Ekonomia
Azterketetakoa
18, Bulebar Adolphe Pinard.
F-75675 Paris Cedex 14
(0033) 141 17 50 50
www.insee.fr
Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
New!
Foundations
Fundación Centros
Tecnológicos para el
Fomento de da Tecnologia
Parque Tecnológico - Edificio
101 48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 94 88
www.fundacioncentrostecnolo
gicos.org
LEIA Centro de Desarrollo
Tecnológico
Leonardo da Vinci, 5 - Parque
Tecnológico de Alava 01510
Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 298 144
www.leia.es
EMAUS Fundación Social
Gurutzegi, 16 (Pol. Belartza)
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 36 75 34
fundacion@emaus.com
www.emaus.com
Fundación ARTEAGA
Paseo Oriamendi 170
20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
TEKNIKER
Avda. de Otaola 20
20600 Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 20 67 44
czuazo@tekniker.es
www.tekniker.es
Del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao
Abandoibarra Etorbidea, 2
48001 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 435 90 00
informacion@guggenheim-
bilbao.es
www.guggenheim-bilbao.es
Joxemi Zumalabe Fundazioa
Avda. Ametzagaña, 19 bajo
20012 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 275 561
orokorra@joxemizumalabe.org
www.joxemizumalabe.org
ADEGIFOR - Fundación para la
Formación Empresarial
Avda. Tolosa, 111-9º
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 30 91 70
adegifor@adegi.es
www.adegifor.ne
Fundación de Estudios
Neurológicos - Ilundain
Fundazioa
Avda. Tolosa, 80-7º C
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
HOBETUZ- Fundación Vasca
Para La Formación
Profesional Continua
/Langileen
Prestakuntzaraki Euskal
Fundazioa
C/ Gran Vía, 35-6ª planta.
48009 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 415 08 08
bizkaia@hobetuz.com
www.hobetuz.com
Urola Garaiko Fundazioa
Beloki hiribidea, z/g
20700 Zumarraga(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 725477
ugle@ugleskola.org
www.ugleskola.net
Euskalgintza Elkarlanean
Fundazioa
1.204 Postakutxa 20080
Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 219427
fundazioa@elkar.com
www.elkarfundazioa.org
IPAR-HEGOA
C/ Colón de Larreategui, 31-
3ºizda 48009- Bilbao (Bizkaia)
iparhegoa@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org/formak
untza/iparhegoa
GAIKER
Parque Tecnológico, Edificio
202 48170-Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946002323
www.gaiker.es
ROBOTIKER
Parque Tecnológico, Edificio
202 48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 600 22 66
www.robotiker.es
INASMET
Camino de Portuetxe nº 12
20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 37 00
inasmet@inasmet.es
www.inasmet.es
CIDETEC
Parque Tecnológico de
Miramón,Paseo Miramón, 196
20014 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 30 90 22
cidetec@cidetec.es
www.cidetec.es
AZTI-AZTI Fundazioa
Isla de Txatxarramendi s/n
48395-Sukarrieta (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946029400
rgerenu@suk.azti.es
www.azti.es
Centro de Tecnologías
Aeronáuticas
Parque Tecnológico de Alava
01510 Miñano(Araba)
www.ctaero.com
Fundación para La Inserción
Profesional (ADEGILAN)
Parque Tecnológico de
Miramón, Paseo Mikeletegi nº
52 20009- Donostia-San
Sebastián (Gipuzkoa)
www.adegilan.com
Fundación para la
Investigación y Desarrollo
de la Empresa-Emilio
Soldevilla
C/ Cardenal Gardoqui Nº 7- 4º
48008 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
www.feside.org
Juan Urrutia Elejalde
C/Zugazarte, nº 33-1º dcha.
48990-Getxo (Bizkaia)
www.urrutiaelejalde.org
ASPALDIKO
Polígono La Florida, s/n
48920-Portugalete (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944 625 000
aspaldiko@aspaldiko.org
www.aspaldiko.org
FORMETAL
Plaza de Euskadi 9 48009 Bilbao
(Bizkaia)
(0034) 944 39 64 69
www.fvem.es
BIZKAILAN
Barrio San Antolín, 16
48070 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
Antonio Aranzabal
C/ Marina, 1-6º F
20007 Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 422 506
www.fundacionantonioaranzab
al.org
SAREA
Paseo de Salamanca, 2 bajo
20003 Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 344 333
fundazioa@sarea.com
www.sarea.com
Instituto de Investigación
Biomédica y Desarrollo
Tecnológico (INBIOMED)
Donostia-San Sebastianko
Teknologi Elkartegia Paseo
Mikeletegi, nº 61 bajo
20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 30 90 64
inbiomed@inbiomed.org
www.inbiomed.org
Escuela de Ingenieros de
Bilbao
C/ Alameda de Mazarredo, 69-2º
48013 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
bivbaugc@bi.ehu.es
www.fundacioningenierosbilba
o.com
B.B.K. Gazte Lanbidean
Fundazioa
Gran Vía, 30-32
48009 Bilbao(Bizkaia)
www.bbk.es
Vasca para el Desarrollo de las
Tecnologías Energéticas
Parque Tecnológico de Alava
01510 Miñano (Araba)
(0034) 943 712 400
per@ikerlan.es
www.ikerlan.es
LANTEGI BATUAK
Txorierri Etorbidea, nº 12
48180 LOIU (BIZKAIA)
(0034) 944 535 999
ib@lantegi.com
www.lantegi.com
Instituto Europa de los
Pueblos Fundación Vasca-
Herrien Europa Institutoa
Euskal Fundazioa
Palacio Isasi Markeskua, C/
Otalora Iribidea, 1 Eibar
(Gipuzkoa)
inst-europ@inst-europ.org
http://inst-europ.org
Enpresa Zuzenbide eta
Antolakuntzarako
Institutua/Institute For
Business Law And Structure
C/ José Mari Arizmendiarrieta,5
20500 Arrasate(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943779307
ezai@mcc.es
www.lankidetza.info
Fundación UNED Bergara
Real Seminario, C/ Plaza San
Martín de Aguirre.
20570-Bergara (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 769033
info@bergara.uned.es
www.uned.es/ca-bergara
63
 Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
LABEIN
C/Geldo, Parque Tecnológico
de Bizkaia – Edificio 700
48160 Derio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 607 33 00
labein@labein.es
www.labein.es
Instituto de Transporte,
Comercio y Marketing del
Bidasoa
Colegio Público Anaka
(Parvulario) C/ Pagogaina, 18
20301 Irún (Gipuzkoa)
Donostia-San Sebastián
International Physics Center
Centro Ibaeta, Ibaeta auzoa,
s/n Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 01 53 68
dipcinfo@ehu.es
http://dipc.ehu.es/index.php
KALITATEA
Bº de Muntsaratz, 17-A
48220 Abadiño (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946 030 330
www.euskolabel.net
Fundación Bilbao 700 –
Milenium Fundazioa
Edificio La Alhóndiga
Iparraguirre, S/N
48010 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
www.bilbao700.com
Fundación Bagabiltza –
Bagabiltza Fundazioa
Grupo Sagarminaga, Bajo 16-17
48004 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034)944731444
www.bagabiltza.com
Fundación LASSOA
Alameda Mazarredo, 19 Dpto. 6
48001 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 661 12 18
fundacionlassoa@fundacionlass
oa.org
www.fundacionlassoa.org
Fundación GOKAI
Fuente de la Salud, 10 Bajo
01003 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 121 617
fgokai@gokai.com
www.gokai.com
Fundación EUSKALTEL
Parque Tecnológico, Edificio 101
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 401 12 09
fundazioa@euskaltel.es
www.euskaltel.es
64
Fundación BIZKAIA
BIZKAIALDE
Alda Rekalde, 30 - 1º
48009 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944068785
info@bizkaialde.net
www.bizkaialde.net
Fundación ELIKA
Granja Modelo, s/n
01192 Arkaute (Araba)
(0034) 945 122 170
berri@elika.net
www.elika.net
Fundación European Software
Institute
Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio
Edificio 204
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 95 19
info@esi.es
www.esi.es
Fundación Rafael Escola
Avenida Lehendakari Aguirre, 3
48014 (Bilbao)
(0034) 94 4797676
info@rafaelescola-fund.org
www.rafaelescola-fund.org
AZARO Fundazioa
Xemein Etorbidea, 19
48270 Markina (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946169172
azaro@leartik.com
www.azarofundazioa.com
Eusko Ikaskuntzaren Asmoz
Fundazioa – Fundación
Asmoz de Eusko Ikaskuntza
Jose Elosegi alkatearen
etorbidea, 275
P.K.: 20015 Hiria: Donostia - San
Sebastián (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 21 23 69
asmoz@asmoz.org
www.asmoz.org
Eusko Ikaskuntzaren
Euskomedia Fundazioa-
Fundación Euskomedia De
Eusko Ikaskuntza
Villa Asunción, Avenida del
Alcalde José Elósegui, 275
20017 Donostia – San Sebastian
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 322296
euskomedia@euskomedia.org
www.euskomedia.org
Fundación KURSAAL-
KURSAAL Fundazioa
Avda. Zurriola, 1
20002 Donostia-San Sebastian
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 003 180
fundacion_kursaal@donostia.org
http://fundacionkursaal.com
Fundación DEUSTO-DEUSTO
Fundazioa
Universidad de Deusto,
Avda. de las Universidades, 24
48007 – Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944139000
secretaria@tecnologico.deusto
.es
www.tecnologico.deusto.es
Fundación Joxe Mari Kortaren
Bidetik-Joxe Mari Kortaren
Bidetik Fundazioa
Caserío Erkizketa, Arroa Behea
20740 - Zestoa (Gipuzkoa)
Fundación GAZTEMPRESA-
GAZTENPRESA Fundazioa
Paseo José María
Arizmendiarrieta, s/n
20500 - Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 900 10 11 43
gipuzkoa@gaztempresa.com
www.gaztempresa.com
Fundación Vasca De
Innovación e Investigación
Sanitarias
Departamento de Sanidad
Donostia-San Sebastián, 1
01010 - Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba)
www.bioef.org
ELHUYAR Fundazioa
Zelai Haundi, 3 – Osinalde
Poligonoa
20170 - Usurbil (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943363040
elhuyar@elhuyar.com
www.elhuyar.org
Fundación TECNALIA
Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio
Edificio 101
48170 - Zamudio – (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 404 14 44
info@tecnalia.info
www.tecnalia.info
Fundación SUSTALDE
Ribera de Axpe, 11 Edificio D-1
Local 208
48950 - Erandio (Bizkaia)
www.sustalde.org
Osasun Ikaskuntza
Fundazioa/Fundación De
Estudios Sanitarios
Lersundi, 9 – 1º
48009 – Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 435 47 03
info@osasunif.org
www.osasunif.org
European Virtual Engineering
Fundazioa-Fundación
European Virtual
Engineering
Avda. de los Huetos, 79
01013 - Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945229200
zoaza@eurocabos.com
www.eurocabos.com/
Fundación de la Ingenieria
para el Desarrollo de la
Investigacion, la Tecnologia
y la Innovacion (Fundación
Ingenia Fundazioa)
Zubieta, 38 Bajo
20007 - Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
http://ingenia-fundazioa.com
Fundación ZEHARO
Illarra Bidea, 4
20018 – Donostia-San Sebastián
(Gipuzkoa)
Fundación SORTEK
Gaviria, 82-84
20305 - Irún (Gipuzkoa)
ULMA Fundazioa
Paseo Otadui, 3
20560 - Oñati (Gipuzkoa)
Fundación para la Innovacion
en la Gestion y el Liderazgo
desde los Valores (FIGEVA)
Cientoetxe, 11
48993 - Getxo (Bizkaia)
informacion@sorlekua.com
Fundación Nuevo Futuro De
Bizkaia
Alameda Recalde, 5-pral.
48009 – Bilbao (Bizkaia)
Fundación ZADORRA
Fundazioa
Pamplona, bloque 3ª, 7º C
01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz (ARABA)
(0034) 945 00 44 94 / 607 72 75
83
fundacionzadorra@zadorrafund
azioa.com
www.zadorrafundazioa.com
Fundación MORAZA
Pescadores de Terranova,21 -
entreplanta-A
20011 Donostia-San Sebastian
(Gipuzkoa)
Fundación IKERBASQUE /
IKERBASQUE Fundazioa
Donostia-San Sebastián, 1
01010 - Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 944 05 26 60
info@ikerbasque.net
www.ikerbasque.net
Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia /
Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa
Sarriena, s/n
48940 - Leioa (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 601 8397
www.fundacionbiofisicabizkaia
.org
Fundación Aic Automotive
Intelligence Center
Fundazioa
Parque Tecnológico. Edificio 101
40170 Zamudio. (Araba)
Ingurugiro Etxea Fundazioa
Foru Ibilbidea, 18
20730 – Azpeitia (Gipuzkoa)
DERANDEIN Fundazioa
Avda. Iparraguirre, 59
48980 Santurtzi (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 493 92 27
fundazioa@derandein.org
www.derandein.org
Deier Behatokia Fundazioa
Heros, 7 -1º Ext. Drcha.
48009 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
0034) 902540590
deier@deier.org
www.deier.org
Basque Know How Fundazioa
Lapurdi, 20 – Bajo
48960 Galdakao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 456 57 83
info@basquefundazioa.org
www.basquefundazioa.org
Fundación art4pax/
Fundazioa
Carlos Gangoiti, 16 – 2º
48300 Gernika – Lumo (Bizkaia)
mail@art4pax.org
http://art4pax.org
Fundación CIDEMCO
Área Anardi, 5
20730 Azpeitia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 81 68 00
cidemco@cidemco.es
www.cidemco.es
Fundación CIE I+D+I
Iparraguirre, 34- 2º dcha.
48011 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 605 62 00
DÉDALO Fundación
Alberto Pelairea 9 (acceso
Paseo Queiles s/n)
31500 Tutera (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 088 044
info@fundaciondedalo.org
www.fundaciondedalo.or
Fundación Empresa
Universidad De Navarra
Edificio Central.
Campus Universitario.
31080 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 425 618
feun@unav.es
www.unav.es

GAZTELAN
Gaviria, 82-84, 31014 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 136 020
gaztelan@gaztelan.org
www.gaztelan.org
Fundación para el Desarrollo
de Iniciativas Empresariales
y Sociales
C/ Luis Morondo 4, bajo trasera
31006 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia )
(0034) 948 291 271
anelformacion@anel.es
www.anel.es
Fundación Navarra Para La
Calidad
Avenida de Barañáin nº 10 - 1º
C. 31008 Iruñea (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948 190 111
info@qnavarra.com
www.qnavarra.com
Centro Europeo de Empresa e
Innovación de Navarra CEIN
Pol. Ind. Mocholí. Plaza CEIN, 5.
31110 – Noáin (NAFARROA
GARAIA)
(0034) 848 426000
www.cein.es
Fundación BALUARTE
Plaza del Baluarte. 31002
Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 066 066
baluarte@baluarte.com
www.baluarte.com
Development
Agencies
GARAPEN - Agentzien
Euskal Elkartea
Uribitarte, 6 - 2.a
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944205318
garapen@garapen.net
www.garapen.net
Araba Garapen
Agentzia, S.A.
Landazuri, 15
01008 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945158070
agencia@alavaagenciadesarrollo.es
www.alavaagenciadesarrollo.es
Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
Amurrio Bidean S.A.U.
Juan de Urrutia enparantza, z/g
01470 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945891721
administracion@amurriobidean.org
www.amurriobidean.org
Arratiako Behargintza, S.L.
Elexalde, 2
48140 Igorre (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946317398
zuzendaritza@arratiakobehargi
ntza.com
www.arratiakobehargintza.com
Ayuntamiento de Galdakao.
Desarrollo Local y Empleo -
Behargintza
Bilbao, z/g
48960 Galdakao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944010580
behargintza@galdakao.net
www.galdakao.net
Gasteizko Udala.
Enplegu Saila
Fray Zacarías Martínez, 3
1001 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945161210
mguridi@vitoria-gasteiz.org
www.vitoria-
gasteiz.org/empleo
Behargintza Basauri-
Etxebarri, S.L.
Baskonia, 1
48970 Basauri (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944262999
basauri.etxebarri@behargintza
.biz
www.behargintza.biz
Behargintza Bermeo,
Mundaka eta Sukarrieta
Zubiaur tar Kepa, 26-28 - 1.a
(Azoka Plaza)
48370 Bermeo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946179190
behargintza@bermeo.org
www.bermeo.org
Behargintza Getxo (Centro de
Empleo y Desarrollo
Económico)
San Martín, 17
48993 Getxo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944660140
behargintza@getxo.net
www.getxo.net
Behargintza Txorierri, S.L.
Txorierri etorbidea, 46
Berreteaga Industrialdea, 13 A
48150 Sondika (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944536370
behargintza@e-txorierri.com
www.e-txorierri.com
Bidasoa Activa Bidasoa Bizirik
Kostarbe Eraikintza
Iparralde hiribidea, z/g
20302 Irun (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943633076
bidasoa-activa@bidasoa-activa
www.bidasoa-activa.com
BILBAO METROPOLI-30 -
Bilbao Metropolitarra
Birbizteko Elkartea
Gran Vía, 45
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944158685
info@bm30.es
www.bm30.es
Bilbao Ría 2000, S.A.
José María Olabarri, 4 - C
Solairua
4800 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946613500
br2000@bilbaoria2000.com
www.bilbaoria2000.com
Debagoieneko
Mankomunitatea (Garapen
Ekonomikorako Agentzia)
Nafarroa etorbidea, 23
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943793090
garapen-
agentzia@debagoiena.com
www.debagoiena.com
Debegesa, S.A.
Azitain Industrialdea, 3 - bis
20600 Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943820110
correo@debegesa.com
www.debegesa.com
Durangaldeko Behargintza
Lanbideta, 6
48200 Durango (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946232522
durangaldeko.behargintza@am
ankomunazgoa.com
www.amankomunazgoa.com
Donostiako Sustapena, S.A.
Ijentea, 6 - 2 Solairua
Goikoa Jauregia
20003 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943481727
www.donostia.org
Forlan
Santelices Industrialdea
Pabilioia. B-1
48550 Muskiz (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946706016
muskiz@forlan-
behargintza.com
www.forlan-behargintza.com
Goieki
Industrialdea 29 pab.
20240 Ordizia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943160970
goieki@goierri.org
www.goierri.org
INGURALDE - Barakaldo
Garatzeko Erakunde
Autonomiaduna
Aldapa, 3 A
48901 Barakaldo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944789400
inguralde@inguralde.com
www.inguralde.com
IRAURGI LANTZEN, S.A. -
Urola Erdiako Garapen
Agentzia
Julio Urkijo etorbidea, 25 - 3.a
Intsausti jauregia
20720 Azkoitia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943851100
www.iraurgilantzen.net
Lan Ekintza Bilbao, S.A.
Uribitarte, 6
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944205306
lan-ekintza@lane.bilbao.net
www.bilbao.net/lanekintza
Lea Artibaiko Garapen
Agentzia, S.A.
Xemein etorbidea, 13
48270 Markina-Xemein
(Bizkaia)
(0034) 946169088
leargarapen@leargarapen.org
www.leargarapen.org
OARSOALDEA, S.A. - Eskualde
Garapenerako Agentzia
Ihurrita bidea, 13
Oiartzungo industrialdea 25-2
20180 Oiartzun (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943494129
oarsoaldea@oarsoaldea.net
www.oarsoaldea.net
Tolosaldea Garatzen, S.A.
San Esteban Auzoa, 20
20400 Tolosa (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943654501
tolosaldea@tolosaldea.net
www.tolosaldea.net
Urduñederra Urduña Ederra,
S.L.
Budin kalea, 2 - 1.ezk.
48460 Urduña (Bizkaia)
(0034) 945383076
urdunederra@urduna.com
UGGASA - Urola Garaiko
Garapenerako Agentzia,
S.A.
Euskadi Plaza, 5 - 2º
20700 Zumarraga (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943725829
uggasa@uggasa.com
www.uggasa.com
Urola Kostako Udal
Elkartea/Mancomunidad
Urola Kosta
Urdaneta bidea, 6
20800 Zarautz (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943890808
harrera@urolakosta.org
www.urolakosta.org
Arabako Errioxaren Nekazal
Garapenerako Elkartea
Gasteiz-Laguardia Errepidea, 2
1300 Laguardia (Araba)
(0034) 945621169
Portugaleteko Udala, Enplegu
eta Toki garapenerako
Zentroa
Santa María, 1
48920 Portugalete (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944729320
empleo@portugalete.org
Sestaoko Udala, Enplegu eta
Toki Garapenerako Zentroa
San Diego, 3
48910 Sestao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944721726
behargintza@sestao.net
www.behargintzasestao.com
Valparayso, S.A.
Jesús Guinea Arkitektoa, 46
1426 Villanueva de Valdegovía
(Araba)
(0034) 945353033
valparayso@valdegovia.com
www.valdegovia.com
Uribe Kostako Behargintza,
S.L.
Karabiazpi, 1
48640 Berango (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946760638
urkobe@urkobe.net
www.urkobe.net
Añanako Koadrila
Foruen plaza, 11
1213 Rivabellosa (Araba)
(0034) 945355089
anana@cuadrilladeanana.es
www.cuadrilladeanana.es
Erandioko Behargintza
Desanexión kalea, 4
(Bekoa Ikastetxea)
48950 Erandio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944175616
behargintza@erandiko-
udalanet
www.erandioko-udala.net
65
 Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
Mungialdeko Behargintza
Gamiz Bidea, 30-32
48100 Mungia (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946156244
zuzendaritza@mungialdeko-
behargintza.com
www.mungialdeko-
behargintza.com
Gernikako Lanbide Ekimenak
Alhóndiga kalea 6,
48300 Gernika-Lumo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 946255758
cippgernika@euskalnet.net
www.lanbide-ekimenak.com
Laudioko Udala-
Prestakuntza, Enplegu,
Merkataritza eta
Nekazaritza-Garapena Arloa
Herriko plaza z/g
1400 Laudio (Araba)
(0034) 944034853
formacionempleoycomercio@l
audiokoudala.net
www.laudiokoudala.net
SODENA Sociedad de
Desarrollo de Navarra
Carlos III Etorbidea, 36, 1º esk.
31003 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848421942
info@sodena.com
www.sodena.com
Consorcio de Desarrollo de la
Zona Media
Romana Kalea, 5
31300 Olite (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948740739
zonamedia@wanadoo.es
www.navarramedia.org
EDER: Consorcio para las
Estrategias de Desarrollo de
la Ribera de Navarra
Yehuda Ha-Levy Plaza, z/g
31500 Tutera (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948847356
turismo@consorcioeder.es
www.riberanavarra.com
TEDER: Centro de Desarrollo
rural de tierra Estella
Sancho el Fuerte, 6
31200 Lizarra (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948556537
teder@montejurra.com
www.teder.org
66
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Nafarroako landa eremuen
garapenerako zentroa
Berriobidea kalea, 40 Etxabea,
001 bulegoa
31031 Antsoain (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948206697
info@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Sakanako garapen agentzia
Utzubar industrialdea, 8.
Lursaila
31839 Arbizu (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948567010
sakana.admon@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Leitzaran-Larraun-
Ultzamako garapen
agentzia
Plazaolaren geltokia
31870 Lekunberri (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948507334
lekunberri@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Bortziriak-Malerreka-
Bertizaranako Garapen
Agentzia (Bidasoako
Zentroa)
Alkagaia industrialdea,
Alasta kalea, 2B lursaila
31770 Lesaka (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948625122
bidasoa@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Baztan-Urdazubi-
Zugarramurdiko Garapen
Agentzia
Baztango Udala
31700 Elizondo (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948580561
baztan@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Auritz-Orrega-Luzaide-
Erroibar-Aezkoa eta
Esteribarko Garapen
Agentzia
Erroibarko Udala Frantziarako
Errepidea, z/g
31696 Lintzoain-Erro (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948768132
erro-aezkoa@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Erronkari-Zaraitzuko
Garapen Agentzia
Pirinioetako Zerbitzu Zentroa
Izize Industrialdea
31451 Izize (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948473063
roncal-salazar@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Pirinioaurreko arroetako
garapen agentzia
Agoizko Udala Berria, 22
31450 Agoitz (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948336337
prepirineo@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Zangozako eta Orbaibarko
garapen agentzia
Zangozako Udala Nagusia 31, 2 a
31400 Zangoza (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948430560
sanguesa@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Sakanako lan orientaziorako
eta enplegu kudeaketarako
zerbitzua
Ultzubar industrialdea, 8 lur
saila
31839 Arbizu (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948567010
nsaizar@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Leitzaran-Bidasoa-Baztango
lan orientaziorako eta
enplegu kudeaketarako
zerbitzua
Bidasoako zerbitzu Zentroa
Alkagaia Industrialdea, Alasta
kalea . 2B lursaila
31770 Lesaka (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948625122
apando@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Cederna Garalur Elkartea
Pirinioak- Pirinioaurreko lan
orientaziorako eta enplegu
kudeaketarako zerbitzua
Lan orientaziorako eta
enplegu-kudeaketarako
zerbitzua
Zangozako Kultur Etxea
Alfontso Borrokalaria, 20
31400 Zangoza (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948871223
blanca@cederna.es
www.cederna.es
Eukal Herriko Garapen
Kontseilua
Platanondoen etorbidea, 2
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
Technology and
research centres
AIN - Asociacion de la
Industria Navarra
San Cosme eta San Damian z/g,
31191 Cordovilla, Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 42 11 01
www.ain.es
ain@ain.es
ANAIN - Agencia Navarra
de Innovación
Karlos III Etorbidea, 11-1 Esk.
31002 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 20 67 76
www.anain.com
agencia@anain.com
ANALISIS Y SIMULACION, S.L.
Leonardo da Vinci, 14 Arabako
Parke Teknologikoa
01510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 945 29 69 81
www.analisisysimulacion.com
ays@analisisysimulacion.com
AZTI - TECNALIA Itsas
eta Elikagaien ikerketa
Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g -
48395 Sukarrieta (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 602 94 00
www.azti.es
info@azti.es
Donostia
Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g -
20110 Pasaia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 48 00
www.azti.es
info@azti.es
BIO - Eusko Fundazioa
Asua plaza, 1
48150 Sondika, (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 453 85 00
www.bioef.org
admon@bioef.org
CEIN - Centro Europeo de
Empresas e Innovacion de
Navarra
Motxoli industrialdea
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848 42 60 00
www.cein.es
info@cein.es
CEIT - ik4
Manuel Lardizabal pasealekua, 15
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 21 28 00
www.ceit.es
comunicacion@ceit.es
CEMITEC - Centro
Multidisciplinar de
Innovación y Tecnología de
Navarra
Motxoli industrialdea,
Cein plaza, 4
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848 42 08 00
www.cemitec.com
info@cemitec.com
CENER - Centro Nacional
de Energias Renovables
Berrikuntzaren Hiriaren
Etorbidea, 7.
31621 Sarriguren
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 25 28 00
www.cener.com
info@cener.com
Centro Electronica y
Comunicaciones
Arrosadia Campus-a
Errektoretza Eraikina.
31006 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 16 97 80
otri@unavarra.es
CETENASA - Fundazioa
Elorz Poligonoa, z/g
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 42 80 00
www.cetenasa.es
info@cetenasa.es
CIC bioGUNE Biozientzietako
Ikerkuntza Kooperatiboko
Zentroa
Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia
Edificio 801 A 48160 Derio
(Bizkaia) (0034) 944 061 300
info@cicbioGUNE.com
www.cicbiogune.com
CIC biomaGUNE
Biomaterialetako
Ikerkuntza Kooperatiboko
Zentroa
Paseo Miramon, 182. Ed.
Empresarial C.
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034 )943 00 53 00
www.cicbiomagune.com
CIC energiGUNE Parque
Tecnológico.
C/Albert Einstein, 46.
Edificio E7 - Oficina 206 1510
Miñano (Araba)
(0034) 945297108
cic@cicenergigune.com
www.cicenergigune.com
CIC marGUNE
Polígono Azitain nº 3K- 2ºH
20600 Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 740175
margune@margune.org
www.margune.org

CIC microGUNE - CMIC Centro
de Investigación en
Micro/Nano Tecnologías
Parque Tecnológico de
Miramón. Paseo Mikeletegi, 48.
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
www.cmic.es
CIC nanoGUNE
Mikeletegi Pasealekua 56, 301
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943005383
nano@nanogune.eu
www.nanogune.eu
CIDEMCO
Pol. Industrial Lasao. Área
Anardi, nº 5. 20730 Azpeitia
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943816800
cidemco@cidemco.es
www.cidemco.es
CIDETEC-ik4 Teknologia
Elektrokimikoen Zentroa
Parque Tecnológico de
Miramón. Pº Miramon, 196.
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943309022
cidetec@cidetec.es
www.cidetec.es
CIMA Centro de Investigación
Médica Aplicada
Avda. Pío XII, 55. 31008 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia) (0034)
948194700
cima@unav.es
www.cima.es
CITEAN Centro de Innovación
Tecnológica de Automoción
de Navarra
C/ Tajonar, 20 31006 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948292900
info@citean.com
www.citean.com
Donostia International Physics
Center
Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 01 59 65
dipc@sc.ehu.es
http://dipc.ehu.es
EDERTEK - Teknologia Zentroa
Uribarri Auzoa, 6
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 71 90 00
www.fagorederlan.es
j.igartua@fagorederlan.es
EITE - Eusko Teknologi
Ikertegien Elkartea
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa,
101 Eraikina,
48170 Zamudio, (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 94 88
www.eite.es
Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
ENERLAN - Energi Teknologien
Sustapenerako Euskal
Erakundea
Arabako Parke Teknologikoa,
Juan de la Cierva 1,
01510 Miñao Gutxia (Araba)
(0034) 943 71 24 00
www.ikerlan.es
per@ikerlan.es
ESI - TECNALIA
European
Software Institute
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa,
204 E. 4870 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 95 19
www.esi.es
info@esi.es
ESTIA
Izarbel Teknogunea
64210 Bidarte (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 43 84 00
www.estia.fr
h.camblong@estia.fr
EUSKOIKER FUNDAZIOA
Ikerketa
Unibertsita Eskola
Lutxana, 6. 4.esk. B
departamentua.
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 479 56 88
www.euskoiker.com
euskoiker@euskoiker.es
EVENA - Estacion
de Viticultura
y Enologia de Navarra
Orba bailara 34,
31390 Erriberri
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 74 17 07
www.cfnavarra.es/evena/
index2.htm
evena@cfnavarra.es
Fatronik Ezagutza
abantaila lehiakorrean
eraldatzen
Mikeletegi pasealekua,
7- Parke Teknologikoa
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 55 00
www.fatronik.com/
info@fatronik.com
Fundación Centros
Tecnológicos -
Iñaki Goenaga
Parke Teknologikoa.
Laida Bidea 214 Eraikina,
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 94 88
www.fundacioncentrostecnolo
gicos.org
Fundación LASSOA Innovación
de la Gestion en la PYME
Alda. Mazarreda, 19 Behea
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 661 12 18
www.fundacionlassoa.org
fundacionlassoa@fundacionlass
oa.org
GUASCOR I+D
Parque Tecnológico de Alava,
Lonardo da Vinci, 12. 1510
Miñano (Araba)
(0034) 945 298755
parribalzaga@id.guascor.com
www.guascor.com
IDAB Agrobiotecnologiako
Institutua
Arrosadiako Campusa 31192
Mutilva Baja (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948468000
info@agrobiotecnologia.es
www.agrobiotecnologia.es
IDEKO - Makina-erremintan
eta fabrikazio
teknologietan berritzen
dugu
Arriaga Kalea 2 E-
20870 Elgoibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 74 80 00
www.ideko.es
ideko@ideko.es
IKERBASQUE
Urkixo Zumarkalea 36-5 Bizkaia
Plaza 48011 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 05 26 60
www.ikerbasque.net/
info@ikerbasque.net
IKERLAN - Energia
Juan de la Cierva, 1,
Arabako Teknologia parkea
01510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 943 71 24 00
www.ikerlan.es
per@ikerlan.es
IKERLAN - ik4
Teknologi Ikertegia
Pº Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta, 2
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 71 24 00
www.ikerlan.es
per@ikerlan.es
IKOR Technology Centre (ITC)
Parque Empresarial Zuatzu
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943223600
ikor@ikor.es
www.ikor.es
ILL - Lekunberriko Esnekari
Erakundea
Plazaola, 23-
31870 Lekunberri
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 50 72 15
www.illekunberri.com/
alvo@illekunberri.com
INASMET - Tecnalia
Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 2
Teknologi Parkea
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 37 00
www.inasmet.es
inasmet@inasmet.es
INNOBASQUE
Bizkaiko parke teknologikoa.
Laida bidea, 214 eraikina
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 420 94 88
www.innobasque.com
innobasque@innobasque.com
INNOVALIA
Rodriguez Arias 6-6 605,
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 479 51 90
www.innovalia.com
innovalia@innovalia.com
ITG - Agricola Nekazaritzako
institutu teknikoa eta
kudeaketa-institutua
Serapio Huizi Etorbidea, 20-22.
Peritos eraikina,
31610 Atarrabia
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 01 30 56
www.itga.com/
administracion@itga.com
ITG - Ganadero
Abeltzaintzako institutu
teknikoa eta kudeaketa-
institutua
Serapio Huizi Etorbidea, 22
3160 Atarrabia
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 01 30 50
www.itgganadero.com
admin@itgganadero.com
KONIKER KOOP. E.
Konformazio eta
Mihiztadura Zentro
Teknologikoa
Bainetxe Industrialdea, 5A
20550 Aretxabaleta (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 039360
info@koniker.coop
www.koniker.com
Laboratorios de Ensayos
Navarra S.A.
Pol. Industrial Landaben, calles
L y B 31012 Iruñea (Nafarroa
Garaia)
(0034) 948187353
labensa@labensa.com
www.labensa.com
L UREDERRA Fundación
para el Desarrollo
Tecnológico y Social
San Anton, 3
31272 Zudaire
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 53 93 34/8
www.lurederra.com/
lurederra@lurederra.com
LABEIN - TECNALIA Zentro
Teknologikoa
Bizkaiko Parke Teknologikoa.
700. Eraikina. Geldo,
48160 Derio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 607 33 00
www.labein.es
longo@labein.es
LEIA - Fundazioa Teknologi
Aurrerapenerako Zentrua
Arabako Parke Teknologikoa.
Leonardo Da Vinci, 11
01510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 945 29 81 44
www.leia.es/
elenar@leia.es
LORTEK - Centro
de Investigación en
Tecnologías de Unión
La Granja auzoa, z/g.
20240 Ordizia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 88 23 03
www.lortek.es
lortek@lortek.es
MIK S. Coop.
Uribarri etorbidea,3
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 71 91 91
www.mik.es/
mik@mik.es
NEIKER - TECNALIA Nekazal
Ikerketa eta Garapenerako
Euskal Erakundea
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa,
812. Lursaila. Berreaga 1,
48160 Derio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944 03 43 00
www.neiker.net
info@neiker.net
OBETO BANPRO, S.L.
Astintze Kalea, 2 1ºC
(Centro Elor)
48160 Derio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 454 06 12
www.banpro.es/
banpro@banpro.es
67
 Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
ROBOTIKER-Tecnalia
Parke Teknologikoa.
202 Eraikina.
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 600 22 66
www.robotiker.es
marketing@robotiker.es
SODENA - Sociedad de
Desarrollo de Navarra
Karlos III Zintzoa, 36. 1go esk.
31003 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848 42 19 42
www.sodena.com
info@sodena.com
SPRI S.A. - Sociedad para la
promoción y reconversión
industrial
Gran Via 35 3.a Plta.
48009 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 70 00 /
94 403 70 56
www.spri.es
info@spri.es
TECNALIA - Corporación
Tecnológica
Bizkaiko Parke Teknologikoa.
Geldo, 700. Eraikina.
48160 Derio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 404 14 44
www.tecnalia.info
a.gonzalez@tecnalia.info
TEKNIKER - ik4
44 Posta Kutxa. Otaola
Etorbidea, 20.
20600 Eibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 20 67 44
www.tekniker.es
czuazo@tekniker.es
ULMA - Packaging Technology
Center
Garibai Auzoa, 28. P.K. 145
20560 Oñati (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 73 92 00
www.ulmapackaging.com
info@ulmapackaging.com
Unitec Asociación
Colon de Larreategi 26 3A
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 423 35 39
www.asociacionunitec.com
unitec@asociacionunitec.com
INRA - Station
d´Hydrobiologie
Quartier Ibarron, Senpere
64310 (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 51 59 51
www.st-pee.inra.fr
chanzy@st-pee.inra.fr
68
Clusters
Cluster de la logística y el
Transporte en Navarra
www.plantecnologico.com/es/
plantecnologico/actividad/me
sas/cluster/
Bionavarra
ANAIN, Carlos III etorbidea, 11,
1º esk.
31002 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948206776
www.navarrainnova.com/es/cl
usters/bionavarra/
Cluster sector TIC
Mocholi Industrialdea
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848426373
www.clusterticnavarra.es
Cluster agroalimentario
Mocholi Industrialdea
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848426373
www.navarrainnova.com/es/cl
usters/agroalimentacion/
Cluster Automoción
Mocholi Industrialdea
31110 Noain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 848426048
www.navarrainnova.com/es/cl
usters/automocion
ACEDE Agrupación de Cluster
de Electrodomésticos de
Euskadi/ Euskadiko
elektratresna cluster
elkartea (EECE)
Portal de Gamarra 1, 136,
bulegoa, Deba Eraikina
1013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945270266
acede@jet.es
www.acede.es
CLUSPAP Asociación Cluster
del Papel de Euskadi
Donostiako Parke Teknologikoa,
Mikeletegi pasealekua, 56-3º
solairua
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 309413
mail@clusterpapel.com
www.clusterpapel.com
Cluster de Energia
San Vicente, 8. Eraikina, Albia
1, 2 solairua
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944240211
mail@clusterenergia.com
www.clusternenergia.com
Agrupación cluster de
conocimiento en gestión
empresarial
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa
101 Eraikina
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944209809
clusterc@clusterconocimiento.com
www.clusterconocimiento.com
HEGAN - Cluster de
Aeronáutica y Espacio
del País Vasco
Bizkaiko Parke Teknologikoa,
303 eraikina, Isuntza bidea
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944 318 987
hegan@hegan.com
www.hegan.com
ACICAE - Agrupación cluster
industrias componentes
automoción Euskadi
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa
101 Eraikina
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944209877
acicae@acicae.es
www.acicae.es
AFM - Asociación cluster
de máquina-herramienta
Donostiako Parke Teknologikoa,
Mikeletegi pasealekua, 59
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 309009
afm@afm.es
www.afm.es
Asociación cluster del puerto
de Bilbao
Alameda Urkijo, 9 1º esk.
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944236782
info@uniportbilbao.es
www.uniportbilbao.es
GAIA - Asociación cluster
de telecomunicaciones
Portuetxe 14, 1º, Ibaeta
Eraikina
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 31 66 66
www.gaia.es
ACLIMA - Asociación cluster
de industrias de medio
ambiente
Alda Rekalde 50, 3
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 944706443
aclima@aclima.net
www.aclima.net
CLUSTERTIL - Asociación
cluster de transportes y
logística del País Vasco-
Principal Eraikina, Arabako
Parke Teknologikoa,
Lumiere Anaiak, 1
1510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 605714042
clustertil@clustertil.com
www.clustertil.com
Soziolinguistikako Klusterra
Martin Ugalde Kultur Parkea z/g
20140 Andoain (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943592556
iker@soziolinguistika.org
www.soziolinguistika.org
Foro Maritimo Vasco
Buenos Aires 2, 1º ezk.
48001 Bizkaia
(0034) 944356610
ja.lopez@foromaritimovasco
.com
www.foromaritimovasco.com
EIKEN - Cluster Audiovisual
Euskadi
Zamudioko Parke Teknologikoa
105 Eraikina, 2º
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034)944048225
eiken@eikencluster.com
www.eikencluster.com
EUROSIMA - cluster, European
Surf Industry Manufacturers
Association
Villa Casa Mia, 9 Acacias Kalea
40130 Capbreton (Frantzia)
(0033)(0)558721533
cluster@eurosima.com
www.eurosima.com
GOAZEN - Euskal Herriko
turismo clusterra/ Le
Cluster Tourisme du Pays
Basque
50-51, Allées Marines - B.P. 215
64102 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033)(0)559465946
goazen@bayonne.cci.fr
www.bayonne.cci.fr/index.ph
p?Itemid=234
Consumer
Associations
EKE - Euskadiko
Kontsumitzaileen Elkargoa
Juan de Ajuriagerra, 9- 7 Esk.
48009 Bilbao (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 424 64 20 /
94 424 92 10
eke@arrakis.es
www.eke-fce.com
EKA - Euskalherriko
Kontsumitzaileen
Antolaketa
Plaza Barria, 7 - 1. esk.
48005 Bilbao, (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 416 85 06
eka@eka.org
www.eka.org
Donostiako ordezkaritza
Boulevar, 25 - behea - 8. dpt.
20005 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 94 342 39 93
urkoadonostia@eka.org
www.eka.org
Gasteizko ordezkaritza
Frantzia, 21-1. 3. Bulegoa 01002
Gasteiz, (Araba)
(0034) 94 528 31 94
urkoagasteiz@eka.org
www.eka.org
Bizkaiko ordezkaritza
Amesti, 6- 1, 8. Bulegoa
48993 Getxo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 491 22 33
urkoa@eka.org
www.eka.org
UCE - Euskadi -
Unión de Euskadi
Arabako egoitza
Jose Lejarreta, 49 bis
01003 Gasteiz, (Araba)
(0034) 94 526 47 22
uce@euskalnet.net
www.uce-ehkb.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Hurtado de Amezaga, 27,
11. 5. Bulegoa. 48008 Bilbao
(Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 421 55 59
ucebizkaia@euskalnet.net
www.uce-ehkb.org
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Idiaquez, 2 - 1º
20004 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 94 343 11 24
uce-donostia@kontsumo.net
www.uce-ehkb.org
Chambers of
Commerce
Arabako Merkataritza eta
Industri Etxe Ofiziala
Dato, 38 01005 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 14 18 00
www.camaradealava.com
cocia@camaradealava.com
Bilboko Merkataritza,
Industria eta Itsasketa
Ganbera
Gran Via, 13
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 470 65 00
www.camarabilbao.com
atencionalcliente@camarabilb
ao.com

Gipuzkoako Merkataritza,
Industria eta Itsasketa
Bazkunde Ofiziala
Tolosa Hiribidea, 75
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 03 00
www.camaragipuzkoa.com
dg@camaragipuzkoa.com
Nafarroako Merkataritza eta
industria ganbara
Txintxilla jenerala, 4.a
31001 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 07 70 70
www.camaranavarra.com/
marketing@camaranavarra.com
Baiona-Euskal Herriko
Merkataritza Ganbara
50-51 Allées Marines,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 5 59 46 59 46
www.bayonne.cci.fr
Akitaniako Merkataritza
Ganbara
185, Cours du Medoc-
BP 143- 33042
Bordele (Frantzia)
(0033) 5 56 11 94 94
aquitaine.cci.fr
contact@aquitaine.cci.fr
Technology Parks
CEIA Arabako Eraberrikuntza-
Industrialdea
CEIA eraikina. Albert Einstein, 15.
Arabako Parke Teknologikoa.
01510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 945 29 82 82
www.ceia.es/
ceia@ceia.es
Arabako Teknologi Parkea
Lumiere anaiak, 11.
01510 Miñao (Araba)
(0034) 94 501 00 55
www.pt-alava.es
ptalava@py-alava.es
Donostiako Teknologi
Elkartegia
Mikeletegi Pasealekua, 53
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 01 10 00
www.miramon.es
miramon@miramon.es
Bizkaiko Teknologi Parkea
Parque Tecnologico, S.A.
Ibaizabal bidea, 101 Eraikina
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 95 00
www.parque-tecnologico.net
parque-tecnologico@parque-
tecnologico.net
Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
Zamudioko Parke
Teknologikoa
Parque Tecnologico, S.A.
Ibaizabal bidea, 101 Eraikina
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 95 00
www.parque-tecnologico.net
parque-tecnologico@parque-
tecnologico.net
ANAIN-Agencia Navarra de
Innovación
Karlos III Etorbidea, 11-1.a Esk.
31002 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 20 67 76
www.anain.com
agencia@anain.com
GARAIA - Berrikuntza Gunea
Uribe auzoa, 3
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 71 91 81
www.pologaraia.es
garaia@pologaraia.es
Euskadiko Parke
Teknologikoen Sarea
Eraikin Zentrala 101,
48170 Zamudio (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 95 23
www.rpte.net
rpte@rpte.net
Zuatzu Enpresa Parkea
Juan Fermin Gilisagasti kalea 1,
Zurriola Eraikina, 2. Solairua,
4-5 lokalak
20009 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 31 66 39
www.zuatzuparkea.com/
zuatzu@zuatzuparkea.com
Allée du Parc Montaury
Allée du Parc Montaury
64600 Angelu (Lapurdi)
Trade Unions
ELA - Euskal Langileen
Alkartasuna
Barrainkua, 13
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 77 00 / 94 403 77 60
www.ela-sindikatua.org
Arabako egoitza
Manuel Iradier kalea,
25-behea 01005 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 15 80 76
www.ela-sindikatua.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Barrainkua, 13
48009 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 403 77 00
www.ela-sindikatua.org
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Consulado, 8, Behea
20014 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 00 50 00
eladonosti@maptel.es
www.ela-sindikatua.org
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Iturralde y Suit, z/g.
31004 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 00 79 30
elairuna@lesein.es
www.ela-sindikatua.org
CCOO - Comisiones Obreras
Uribitarte, 4
UGT - Euskadi - Unión General
48001 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 424 34 24
biltzar@euskadi.ccoo.es
www.ccoo-euskadi.net
Arabako egoitza
Gaztelako atea, 50
01007 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 13 13 22 /
945 13 13 05
www.ccoo-euskadi.net
Bizkaiko egoitza
Uribitarte, 4
48001 Bilbao, (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 424 34 24
www.ccoo-euskadi.net
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Carlos I etorbidea,
1 eta 3 - Behea
20011 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 47 04 25
www.ccoo-euskadi.net
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Zaragoza Etorbidea, 12
31003 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 24 42 50
www.ccoo-euskadi.net
LAB - Langile Abertzaleen
Batzordeak
LSB-USO - Euskadi - Langile
Pokopandegi, 9- 2.a
(Igara Auzoa)
20018 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 22 44 00
gipuzkoa@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org
Arabako egoitza
Fermín Lasuen, 13 - Behea
01013 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 25 58 77
gasteiz@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Rekalde zumarkalea, 62-behea
48010 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 470 69 00
bilbo@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Martxelo Zelaieta, 75
Iwer Etxea- B3 Eraikina
2. Atea 22. Bulegoa
31014 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 22 11 30
irunea@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org
Iparraldeko egoitza
Coursic karrika, 7
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(00 33) 559 59 50 20
baiona@labsindikatua.org
www.labsindikatua.org
de Trabajadores
Kolon de Larreategi,
46 BIS 6-A Solairua,
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 425 52 52
www.ugteuskadi.org
Arabako egoitza
San Antonio, 45 Behea
01005 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 15 07 70
ucvitoria@alava.ugt.org
www.ugteuskadi.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Kolon de Larreategi,
46 BIS 6-A Solairua,
48011 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 425 52 52
ucbilbao@bilbao.ugt.org
www.ugteuskadi.org
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Erausoko Katalina,
7 eta 9 Behea
20010 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 44 58 74
ugtdonostia@ugteuskadi.org
www.ugteuskadi.org
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Zaragoza Hiribidea 12, 1º 31003
Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 94 829 12 92
ugt@navarra.ugt.org
navarra.ugt.org/
Sindikal Batasuna
Pablo Picasso kalea,
2 solairuarte
48012 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 444 14 66
euskadi@lsb-uso.com
www.lsb-uso.com
Donostiako egoitza
Carlos I Etorbidea, 2.a Zenbakia-
Behea. P.K. 460 20011 Donostia
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 46 67 49
donostia@lsb-uso.com
www.lsb-uso.com
Arabako egoitza
Palencia kalea, 24 Behea
01002 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 27 17 88
gasteiz@lsb-uso.com
www.lsb-uso.com
CGT - Lanaren
Konfederakunde Nagusia
Bailen 7, Solairuartea.
2, 3 eta bulegoak.
48003 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 416 95 40
sg.cgteuskadi@cgt.org.es
www.cgt-lkn.org
Arabako egoitza
Kutxa, 6- Solairuartea.
01012 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 28 40 40
cgtgasteiz@terra.es
www.cgt-lkn.org
Donostiako egoitza
Cristobal Gamon, 12 - behea
20100 Errenteria (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 52 12 10
cgt@wanadoo.es
www.cgt-lkn.org
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Compañia, 9 - 1. ezk.
31001 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 22 47 66
cgtpamplona@inicia.es
www.cgt-lkn.org
CNT - Confederación Nacional
del Trabajo
Arabako egoitza
Correria, 65 - behea - 1554 p.k.
01001 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 28 29 74
vitoria@cnt.es
www.cnt.es/
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Plaza Golf, 4 - 186 p.k.
20160 Lasarte-Oria (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 37 08 97
gipuzkoa@cnt.es
www.cnt.es/
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
5121 posta kutxa
31010 Barañain
(Nafarroa Garaia)
EILAS - Euskadiko
Irakaskuntzaren Langileen
Sindikatua
Arabako egoitza
Ahate Iturri plazatxoa, 1 - 3. C
01001 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 14 11 04 /
945 01 33 97
araba@stee-eilas.org
www.stee-eilas.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Nikolas Alkorta, 3 - Zabalburu
48003 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 410 02 98 /
94 601 52 87
bizkaia@stee-eilas.org
www.stee-eilas.org
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Urbieta, 40 - 1. esk.
20015 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 46 60 00 /
943 01 84 36
gipuzkoa@stee-eilas.org
www.stee-eilas.org
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Descalzos, 72 - behea
31001 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 21 23 55
nafarroa@stee-eilas.org
www.stee-eilas.org
69
 Basic guide to socio-economic agents in the Basque Country
CSI - CSIF Central Sindical
Independiente y de
Funcionarios
General Egia, 48 - behea
48013 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 427 16 49
paisvasco@csi-csif.es
www.csi-csif.es
Arabako egoitza
Nieves Cano, 33 Gela 103.
01006 Gasteiz (Araba)
alava@csi-csif.es
www.csi-csif.es
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Teresa de Calcuta plaza, 1
(Atotxa) - Justizi jauregia
20071 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
guipuzcoa@csi-csif.es
www.csi-csif.es
Nafarroa Garaiko egoitza
Serafin Olave, 29 Eskailera, ezk.
31007 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 94 817 27 81
navarra@csi-csif.es
www.csi-csif.es
ESK - Ezker Sindikalaren
Konbergenzia
ESK Nafarroa Garaia
Estafeta 61, 2. esk.
31001 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 94 822 00 51
nafarroa@esk-sindikatua.org
www.esk-sindikatua.org
Arabako egoitza
Beethoven 10 behe
01012 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 94 521 4888
araba@esk-sindikatua.org
www.esk-sindikatua.org
Bizkaiko egoitza
Gral. Concha 12, 1. esk
48008 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 410 1425
bizkaia@esk-sindikatua.org
www.esk-sindikatua.org
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Alfonso VIII 3, 3. esk
20005 Donostia (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 45 69 11
gipuzkoa@esk-sindikatua.org
www.esk-sindikatua.org
SATSE - Sindicato de
Enfermería de Euskadi
Madariaga Etorbidea, 81.
Atzealdea, 1.a esk.
48014 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 474 54 78
euskadi@satse.es
www.satse.es
Arabako egoitza
San Bizente Paulekoaren kalea,
5 - behea 01001 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 94 525 18 00
alava@satse.es
www.satse.es
70
Bizkaiko egoitza
Madariaga Etorbidea, 81.
Atzealdea, 1.a esk.
48014 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 474 54 78
euskadi@satse.es
www.satse.es
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Zarautz Hiribidea, 82 - 5 A
bulegoa 20018 Donostia
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 31 25 21
guipuzcoa@satse.es
www.satse.es
Euskadiko Medikuen
Sindikatua
Autonomia, 1 - 1D
48012 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 444 98 67
sme@sme.es
www.sme.es
Arabako Medikuen Sindikatua
Gasteiz hiribidea, 32 - 6. eta 7.
Bulegoak 01008 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 14 64 02
araba@sme.es
www.sme.es
Gipuzkoako Medikuen
Sindikatua
Zarautz hiribidea, 82 - 3.a
2. Bulegoa 20009 Donostia
(Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 21 72 29
smegipuz@telefonica.net
www.sme.es
Nafarroako medikuen sindikatua
info@smnavarra.org
EHNE - Euskal Herriko
Nekazarien Elkartasuna
Simon Bolibar plaza, 14 - behea
01003 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 27 54 77
ehne@ehne.org
www.ehne.org
EHNE Bizkaia
Murueta, z/g.
48220 Abadiño (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 623 27 30
lemoa@ehne.org
www.ehne.org
EHNE Gipuzkoa
Nafarroa etorbidea, 6
20400 Tolosa (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 65 42 81
ehne@ehneg.net
www.ehne.org
EHNE Nafarroa
Iratxe Monastegi, 54 - behea
31011 Iruñea
(Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 25 48 41
nafarroa@ehne.org
www.ehne.org
UAGA - Unión de Agricultores
y Ganaderos de Álava
Simon Bolibar plaza, 14. Behea
01003 Gasteiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 26 05 33
uaga@uaganet.net
www.uaganet.net
ENBA - Euskal Nekazarien
Batasuna
Gipuzkoako egoitza
Trinkete plaza, 2 behea
20400 Tolosa (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 65 01 23
gipuzkoa@enba.es
www.enba.es/
Bizkaiko egoitza
San Pedro, 30 behea
48340 Amorebieta-Etxano
(Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 630 07 69
bizkaia@enba.es
www.enba.es/
ELB - Euskal Herriko
Laborarien Batasuna
1, Renaud karrika- P.K. 17,
64220 Donibane Garazi
(Nafarroa Beherea)
(0033) 559 37 21 08
HIRU- Euskal Herriko
Garraiolari Autonomoen
Sindikatua
HIRU Araba
Los Llanos industrialdea, A 13
01230 Langraiz (Araba)
(0034) 945 36 16 27
araba@hiru.org
www.hiru.org
HIRU Bizkaia
Aretxalde auzoa, 68
48196 Lezama (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 455 40 88
bizkaia@hiru.org
www.hiru.org
HIRU Gipuzkoa
Oria etorbidea, 10 - 406 bulegoa
20160 Lasarte-Oria (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 36 40 92
gipuzkoa@hiru.org
www.hiru.org
HIRU Nafarroa
Hego Morea industrialdea, 52-2. C
31191 Beriain (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 28 10 24
nafarroa@hiru.org
www.hiru.org
SINTRABI - Sindicato de
Transportistas Autónomos
de Bizkaia
Zorrotza Geltokia, 1.a
48013 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 497 06 66
sintrabi@sintrabi.org
Unión De Pequeños
Agricultores Y Ganaderos
(U.P.A.)
Zaragoza Etorbidea, 12-3.a
31003 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 23 64 50 / 54 / 58 /
948 69 80 19
upanavarra@upa.es
www.upa.es/
UAGN - Unión de Agricultores
y Ganaderos de Navarra
Zaragoza Etorbidea 21,
Nagusia esk.
31003 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 94 824 47 00
www.uagn.es
uagn@uagn.es
CFDT
10 Sainte Ursule plaza,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 05 31
www.cfdt.fr/
mailto:confederation@cfdt.fr
CFE-CGC
Union Locale 10,
Sainte Ursule plaza,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 39 88
CFTC
10, Sainte Ursule karrika,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 45 01
CGPME
1, Donzac karrika,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 25 56 25
CGT
Union Locale 10,
Sainte Ursule plaza,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 04 89
UNSA EDUCATION
Bourse du Travail,
Sainte Ursule plaza,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 15 77
F.O.
Union Departementale 10,
Sainte Ursule karrika,
64100 Baiona (Lapurdi)
(0033) 559 55 04 546
Universities
EHU - Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea
Sarriena auzoa, z/g.
48940 Leioa (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 601 20 00
www.ehu.es
ehu@ehu.es
NUP - Nafarroako
Unibertsitate Publikoa
Arrosadiko Campusa.
31006 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 16 90 00
www.unavarra.es
infoweb@unavarra.es
Mondragon
Unibertsitatea
Loramendi, 4
20500 Arrasate (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 71 21 85
www.mondragon.edu/
idazkaritza@mu.esDeustuko
Unibertsitatea
Unibertsitateetako Etorbidea, 24
48007 Bilbo (Bizkaia)
(0034) 94 413 90 00
www.deusto.es
web@deusto.es
IMH - Ingeniaritza
Eskola
Azkue Auzoa, 1
20870 Elgoibar (Gipuzkoa)
(0034) 943 74 41 32
www.imh.es/Ezkerrean/Hezik
eta/Ingeniaritza
ingeniaritza@imh.es
Universidad de Navarra
Unibertsitate Kanpusa.
31080 Iruñea (Nafarroa Garaia)
(0034) 948 42 56 00
www.unav.es
info@unav.es
Université de
Pau et des Pays
de l'Adour
UPPA Unibertsitatearen
Hiribidea, bp 576.
64012 Paue (Frantzia)
(0033) 559 57 41 11 / 559 57 41 16
www.univ-pau.fr
relations.internationales@univ-
pau.fr
London Metropolitan
University -Lea Artibai
Ikastetxean-
Xemein Etorbidea 19
48270 Markina-Xemein
(0034) 94 616 90 02
www.uni.leartik.com/
info@leartik.com
Catalogue of
publications
by Gaindegia
 Catalogue of publications by Gaindegia

Syntetic publication on economy and society in Basque Country

1) Labour Market 2) Business demography 3) Regional indicators of the 4) Portrait of the North
European Union Basque Country

Studies Bulletin on activities

directed to the economic
Gaindegia Report
and social development
of Basque Country

Academic and socioprofessional career of Socio-demographic portrait

young people in the North Basque Country. of the North Basque Country
Experience of former Seaska students
1984-2008

Sites web

www.gaindegia.org www.atlasa.net
Observatory for the Atlas of the economy
social and economic and society of the
development of the Basque Country
Basque Country

72