Chapter 1: Interdependence and adaptation

Healthy Plant
What are needed by What is released by
plants for plants during
photosynthesis? photosynthesis?
Water Oxygen
Sunlight
Carbon Dioxide
Chlorophyll in the
leaves

2. Starch cannot be found in human or

animals.
3. The Function of the following structures
of plants.
Structure Function
Root It absorbs water and
minerals from the soil.

Leaf Absorbs the sunlight.

It has chlorophyll to
carry out
photosynthesis.
Stem It provides support to
the plant.
It allows to the transport
of water and food in the
 plant.
Flower It allows pollination.

4.

5. The functions of the following nutrients:

NitrogenIt helps plants to produce proteins.
Magnesium: It helps plants to produce
chlorophyll.
6. Fertilizer: Materials applied to soils to provide
nutrients for the growth of plants.
Fertilizer
 Chemical Organic
Fertilizers Fertilizers
-Can kill the -Renewable
plants if overuse and
7. In environmental
friendly

conclusion, more fertilizers a farmer uses, the

more crop he can grow, but this only applicable
if the amount of fertilizers is less than
the most efficient quantity of fertilizer used.
8. Light is not required for the germination of
seed.
9. The factors required for the germination of
seeds:
Water
Warmth or suitable temperature
Oxygen
10. The factors required for plants to live and
grow:
Water
Light
Warmth or suitable temperature
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Summary of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

Meaning
The process of making
food in green plants.

Conditions necessary for

photosynthesis
The presence of carbon dioxide ,
water, sunlight and chlorophyll.
 In the presence of sunlight, carbon
dioxide fuses with water to produce
glucose and oxygen.

Sunlig
CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER
Chloroph
GLUCOSE + OXYGEN

The food
Absorbed by
the roots
From the
leaves

Food Chain
Predators hunt other animals (Prey) for foods.
Preys are the hunted animals (Predators).
Characteristic of:
Predator Prey
-Good visions -Able to camouflage
-Sharp claws and strong itself with surrounding
beaks -Able to mimic a
-Powerful jaws and stronger animal
sharp teeth
 Second Tertiary
Prim ary ary
Produce C onsum
C onsum C onsum
r er
er er
-A -A -A tertiary
-A consu m er
green prim ary secondary is a
plant is con sum er cpn sum er carvinore
is a
a herbivore
is a that eats
carn ivore secon dary
prod uce tha t only tha t eats consum ers
r. eats p rim ary .
plants. con sum ers
.

Decomposers
Product of decomposition:
Compost, it fertilizes the soil.
Example of decomposers:
Bacteria & fungi
Scavengers:
Animals that feed on the dead plants, exp:
(earthworm,
houseflies,earthworm,termites,ant,vulture,maggo
t,housefly,crow,crab,eagle)
1.How earthworms help to make the soil
fertile? :
They eat rotting vegetation and soil.
They help mix the soil as they move through
it.
They pass the waste and supply the soil with
nutrients.

Different types of soil

Clay Soil Red or grey.
Fine soil and made up of small
particles.
Has very little air space.
Sandy Soil Yellowish in colour.
Made up of large or rocky particles.
Has lot of air spaces.
Plant must have long root to absorb
 underground water

Garden Black or brown in colour.

Soil It contains bits of dead plants and
animals called humus.

Extinct and endangered species

Extinct animal= Animal that totally
disappeared in the entire world.
Endangered species/animal=Animal still can
found in the world but they are facing danger
of becoming extinct.
Endangered Endangered
animals: plants:
Malayan tapir Rafflesia
Orang-utan Pitcher plant
Wrinkled hornbill

Extinct animal:
Thylacine Dodo bird
Mammoth Dinosaur

Human activities that endangered

living things:
A.Deforestation
B. Pollution
C. Excessive or illegal hunting
Ways to prevent animals become
extinct:
A.Reforestation
B. Designating a reserve forest
C. Do not buy the products of wild animals
D. Creating awareness among students
through education