Probability

1. A card is drawn from a pack of cards, find the probability that it is (a) a black card, (b)
a red card (c) a club card
(d) an ace (e) a red car (f) ace of spade (g) not a spade (h) a king
or a queen?
(e) Three unbiased coins are
tossed. What is the probability of obtaining (a) all heads (b)
two heads (c)one head (d) at least one hea (e) at least two heads (f) all
tails?
2. What is the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Mondays?
3. What is the probability that a nonleap year selected at random will contain 52
Thursday?
4. Tickets are numbered from 1 to 100. They are well shuffled and a ticket is drawn
at random. What is the probability that the drawn ticket has
(a) an even number (b) an number 5 or multiple of 5 (c) a number which is
greater than 75
(d) a number which is a square?
5. A bag contains 5 green and 7 red balls. Two balls are drawn. What is the
probability that one is green and the other is red?
6. From a pack of cards, two are drawn at random. What is the probability that one is a
king and the other is queen?
7. A bag contains 3 red, 4 white and 5 black balls. Three balls are taken from the bag.
What is the probability that
(a) all are black (b) all are of different colours.
8. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that (a) first die shows 4? (b)
The total of the number on the dice is 9 or greater than 9 (c) the number on the
nd st
2 die is less than the number on the 1 die?
9. There are 3 economists, 4 engineers, 2 statisticians and 1 doctor. A committee of
4 from among them is to be formed. Find the probability that the committee (a)
consist one of each kind (b) has at least one economist
(e) has a doctor and three others?
10. A speaks truth in 60% cases and B is 70% cases. What % of cases are they
likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
11. The odd against of student X solving a problem is 8 to 6 and odd in favour of
student Y solving the problem is 14 to
 16. What is the probability that (a) the problem will be solved if they both try
independently of each other
(b) neither solves the problem?
12. X and Y appear in an interview for two vacancies
in the same post. The probability of Xs selection is 1/7 and that of Y is 1/5. What
is the probability that (a) both of them will be selected (b) only one
of them will be selected (c) none of them will be selected.
13. Three groups of workers contains 3 men and 1 woman; 2 men and 2 women; 1
man and 3 women respectively. One worker is selected at random from each
group, what is the probability that the group selected consist of 1 man and 2
women?
16. Three groups of workers contains 3 men and 1 woman; 2 men and 2 women; 1 man
and 3 women respectively. One worker is selected at random from each group, what is the
probability that the group selected consist of 1 man and 2 women?

17. A letter of the English alphabet is chosen at random. Calculate the probability that
the letter so chosen (a) is a vowel

(b) precedes m and is a vowel (c) follows m and is a vowel.

18. A, B and C are three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a
random experiment. Find P(A) given

19. Two dice are tossed. Find the probability of getting an even number on the first die or
a total of 8.

20. If two dice are thrown, what is the probability that the sum is (a) greater than 8 (b)
neither 7 nor 11?

21. An integer is chosen at random from two hundred digits. What is the probability that
the integer is divisible by 6 or 8?

22. The probability that a student passes a Physics test is (2/3) and the probability that
he passes both a Physics test and an English test is (14/45). The probability that he passes
at least one test is (4/5). What is the probability that he passes the English test?

23. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a king or a
heart or a red card?

24. Out of (2n+1) tickets consecutively numbered, three are drawn at random. Find the
chance that the numbers on them are in A. P.

25. For any three events A, B and C, prove that

(a) P(A B|C) P(A|C) P(B|C) P(A B|C) (b) P(A B|C) P(A B|C) P(A|C)

26. If A and B are independent events, then (a) A and B (b) A and B (c) A and
B are also independent.

27. If AB then show that P(A) P(B) .

3 5 3 3 5

28. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) and P(B) , show that (a) P(A B)
(b) P(A B) .

4 8 4 8 8

29. For any two events A and B, prove that P(A B) P(A) P(A B) P(A) P(B) .

30. The odds in favour that person X speaks truth is 3:2 and that of Y is 5:3. In what %
of cases are they likely to contradict each other on an identical point?

31. A problem in Statistics is given to three students A, B and C whose chances of solving
it are 1/2, 3/5 and 1/4respectively. What is probability that the person will be solved if all
of them try independently?

32. Three groups of children contain 3 girls and 1 boy; 2 girls and 2 boys; 1 girl and 3
boys respectively. One child is selected at random from each group. Show that the chance
that the three selected consist of 1 girl and 2 boys is 13/32

33. A, B and C play a game and the chances of their winning it in an attempt are 2/3, 1/2
and 1/4 respectively. A has the first chance, followed by B and then by C. This cycle is
repeated till one of them wins the game. Find their respective chances of winning the
game.

34. From a city population, the probability of selecting (i) a male or a smoker is 7/10, (ii)
a male smoker is 2/5 and (iii) a male, if a smoker is already selected is 2/3. Find the
probability of selecting (a) a nonsmoker

(b) a male (c) a smoker if a male is first selected.