English Department English 10

Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL

INTEGRATED TOEFL LESSON # 3

Name: Score:
I. Vocabulary
A. Adjectives: Use the A-C-G strategies to guess the meaning of the follow-
ing underlined words. NO DICTIONARY. You will discuss the meaning of these
words with your teacher.

1. The White Rhino is known for being more sociable and placid, while the
Black Rhinos aggressive attacks have been known to occur with no apparent
provocation.
2. Rhinos make extensive use of their sense of smell to communicate to and
with others that they are present.
3. Rhinoceroses are, generally, solitary animals that prefer to live an indepen-
dent life.
4. Females are frequently killed in aggressive attacks from territorial males
and are unable to defend themselves against the males strength and sheer
force.

B. Use one of the underlined adjectives above in a sentence.

Pat need to become more aggressive.

II. Reading

Rhinoceroses are, generally, solitary animals that prefer to live an independent life.
White Rhinos tend to be a little more social. However, they all demand their own ter-
ritories, particularly the males of the species. In order to ensure that they can secure
their territory, certain behavior has been established. This behavior is sometimes ag-
Line 5 gressive, and sometimes displayed merely as a warning.

It is not always clear to researchers and onlookers where exactly the territory of one
rhino ends and the next begins. Territories are marked, or claimed, by the rhinos
spraying urine at regular intervals on the trees and bushes of the area. They will squirt
urine onto a tree, bush or trunk every five to six minutes when establishing their terri-
Line 10 tory. They will also scatter their dung throughout the region. Rhinos make extensive
use of their sense of smell to communicate to and with others that they are present.
Therefore, when other rhinoceroses enter the territory, they will be aware of the pres-
ence of another animal, implying that the territory is not available for habitation.

Territorialism among rhinos effectively limits the number of these animals that can
inhabit a specific area. This is becoming increasingly important as habitat loss be-
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 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
comes more of a threat to the rhinos survival. This is also of vital importance within a
game reserve, where there is limited space available. If rhinoceroses are forced to co-
exist in a space that does not allow for them to establish their own territories of the
size they need, the results have been severe stress, injury and death, as they fight ag-
gressively to establish dominance.

In order to scare off intruders, rhinos will usually charge at them. Because their eye-
Line 23 sight is not at all good, this is a blind charge and can even lead to them running
straight into a tree or other foliage. When running, a rhino can reach speeds of about
55 kilometres per hour (or around 35 miles per hour). Surprisingly, rhinos can change
direction quickly and deftly, even when running, which is unexpected due to their size
and heftiness. When covering longer distances (chasing another rhino right off their
territory, for example), this animal can maintain a speed of about 30 miles or 50 kilo-
metres per hour.

Certain rhino species are less aggressive than others. The White Rhino is known for
Line 30
being more sociable and placid, while the Black Rhinos aggressive attacks have been
known to occur with no apparent provocation. Males are certainly more aggressive
than females across all species of rhino. Females are frequently killed in aggressive
attacks from territorial males and are unable to defend themselves against the males
Line 35 strength and sheer force. However, for the most part, females are tolerated within a
territory that belongs to another rhino. Young bulls only stand a chance of winning
over territory if the original inhabitant is old, weak or injured in some ways.

The sizes of the rhino territories differ somewhat. A female will require an area of
Line 39 about three to nine square kilometres, which is equivalent to between one and four
square miles. Males require less room, since they roam in search of a mate. Therefore,
they will only demand a core area of about 0.75 to four square kilometres (0.3 to just
over 1.5 square miles).

A. Determine the characteristics of the rhinos by ticking the appropriate box.

White Rhinos Black Rhi- male Rhi- female

nos nos Rhinos
(extinct)
solitary animals, but demand
territories

highly aggressive

tolerated within a territory by

another rhino

Roam in search of a mate

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 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL

B. Answer the following questions by highlighting the correct answer

1. What does the word intervals in line 8 refer to?
A. distance
B. volume
C. time
D. habit

2. What does they in line 9 refer to?

A. rhinos
B. researchers
C. animals
D. onlookers

3. How big does the female rhinos territory require?

A. 8-10 square kilometers
B. at least five square miles
C. 3-9 square kilometers
D. 4-5 square miles

4. The word intruders in line 23 is closest in meaning to

A. outsiders and onlookers
B. male rhinos
C. friends and enemies
D. humans and other animals

5. It can be inferred from the passage that solitary (Line 1) means

A. alone
B. fierce
C. communal
D. domesticated

6. How do rhinos mark their territories?

A. with footprint
B. with smell
C. with urine
D. with sign

7. The word placid in line 32 is closest in meaning to

A. not friendly
B. easily gets excited

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 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
C. calm
D. bad tempered

8. How fast do rhinos run?

A. 50 kilometer/ hour
B. 55 kilometers/ hour
C. 30 miles/ hour
D. 55 meters/ hour

9. How do female rhinos frequently killed?

A. from hunting
B. from running
C. from attacks by male rhinos
D. from accidents caused by their poor eyesight

10. What does this passage mainly discuss about?

A. the mating behaviors of rhinos
B. the territorial behaviors of rhinos
C. how rhinos are killed
D. the extinction of Black Rhinos

III. Structure
Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + prepo-
sition. When these words are combined, the phrase may represent many meanings.
Study the examples below:

1.In order to scare off intruders, rhinos will usually charge at them.
2. Young bulls only stand a chance of winning over territory if the original inhabitant
is old, weak or injured in some ways.

A. Use the underlined phrases above in a sentence.

- Scare off - A female Bear scare off other predators from their babies.
- Winning over - I try to win over her heart.
Here are some examples of phrasal verbs:
asksomeoneout - invite on a date
BrianaskedJudyoutto dinner and a movie.
ask around - ask many people the same question
Iasked aroundbut nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to- something equal

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 English Department English 10
Prepared by: Abel M. Cadias, MA-ESL
Your purchasesadd up to$205.32.

More: https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate phrasal verbs. Use the link
above as your reference: B C D E - F

1. My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.

2. You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
3. My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my topic.
4. We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.

5. His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.