READING COMPREHENSION TEST

submitted by Anunya Phakhasetthakarn

The Cell
line1 The basic units of structure for all living organisms are cells. All living things are made up of
cells. Every person, animal and plant, as well as tiny organisms that can only be seen under a
microscope are made up of cells. Living organisms may be made up of billions and billions of cells or
a single cell.
line5 The introduction of the term cell is credited to a physicist named Robert Hooke. The
invention of the microscope helped Hooke describe the cells of the bark of a tree and other plant cells.
The term cell was introduced by Hooke in 1665, because they reminded him of the tiny rooms or cells
used by monks.
line9 All animal cells are surrounded by a structure called cell membrane. The cell membrane is
like a boundary between the inside and outside of cells. Cell membranes have different functions
depending on the type of cell the membrane surrounds. Some membrane control what enters or leaves
the cell.
line13 The cytoplasm of a cell is inside the cell membrane and is a liquid area that contains different
fluids that help keep the cell working. The fluids contain enzymes, fats, sugars and acids. The waste
products of a cell are also dissolved within the cytoplasm before exiting the cell.
line16 The nucleus of a cell is usually found in its center. The nucleus could be considered the brain
of the cell. The molecules of DNA are found in the nucleus of a cell which determines the
characteristics of the organism, such as what it will look like.
line19 A plant cell is a little different than an animal cell. A cell wall is only found in plant cells but
not animal cells. The cell wall of a plant is found on the outside of its cell membrane. The cell wall
provides all plants protection and support, and it also helps plants keep their shape. Cell walls also
have tiny holes to allow the movement of nutrients and waste. Bacteria, fungi, and some protozoa also
have cell walls.
The cell (n.d.) retrieved from
http://www.softschools.com/language_arts/reading_comprehension/science/53/the_cell/

1. The word cytoplasm in line 16 is closest in meaning to

a. cell membrane
b. solid
c. enzyme
d. fluid

2. The word protozoa in line 29 is closest in meaning to

a. type of cell wall
b. an animal like bacteria and fungi
c. movement of nutrients
d. DNA

3. The word it in line 21 refers to

a. animal
b. cell wall
c. plants
d. nutrient

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4. According to the passage, Hooke could describe the cells of the bark of a tree and other plant cells
because ______
a. the invention of the telescope
b. he studied three theories of the cell
c. the invention of the microscope
d. he observed the plant for a week

5. Which of the following is NOT true about cell wall?

a. cell wall can only be found in plant cell
b. cell wall helps plant to support their shape
c. cell wall contains some of genetic information
d. cell wall can be found outside of its cell membrane

6. Which part of the cell is called the "brain of the cell"?

a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. cell wall
d. DNA

7. According to the passage, what is the function of the DNA?

a. allow materials to go in and out of the cell
b. to store genetic information and tell the characteristics of each
organism.
c. contain fluid inside the cell
d. make ATP or energy for the cell

8. Which of the following is mentioned in the last paragraph ?

a. location of cell wall
b. differences between animal cell and plant cell
c. the function of cell wall
d. the importance of cell wall

9. What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

a. All organisms are made up of cell
b. Organism can be made up from billion cells or just one cell.
c. Cell can only be seen under a microscope.
d. Robert Hooke invented the microscope.

10. Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a. cytoplasm contains different fluids that help keep the cell working
b. The invention of the microscope helped Hooke describe the cells
of the bark of a t ree and other plant cells
c. Cell membranes have different functions depending on the type
of cell the membrane surrounds
d. The three tenets to the cell theory

Diffusion
line1 Diffusion is the movement of particles down their gradient. A gradient is any imbalance in
concentration, and moving down a gradient just means that the particle is trying to be evenly
distributed everywhere, like dropping food coloring in water. This is what happened when we made
our granola - a bunch of separate ingredients came together and spread out across the whole mixture.
We call this evening-out moving downhill, and it doesnt require energy. The molecule most likely

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to be involved in simple diffusion is water - it can easily pass through cell membranes. When water
undergoes simple diffusion, it is known as osmosis.
line8 Simple diffusion is pretty much exactly what it sounds like molecules move down their
gradients through the membrane. Molecules that practice simple diffusion must be small and
nonpolar*, in order to pass through the membrane. Simple diffusion can be disrupted if the diffusion
distance is increased. If the alveoli in our lungs fill with fluid (pulmonary edema), the distance the
gases must travel increases, and their transport decreases.

line13 Facilitated diffusion is diffusion that is helped along (facilitated by) a membrane transport
channel. These channels are glycoproteins or proteins with carbohydrates attached that allow
molecules to pass through the membrane. These channels are almost always specific for either a
certain molecule or a certain type of molecule (i.e. an ion channel), and so they are tightly linked to
certain physiologic functions. For example, one such transporter channel, GLUT4, is incredibly
important in diabetes.

Diffusion (n.d.) retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-across-a-

cell-membrane/a/passive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-article

1.The word diffusion is NOT closest in meaning to

a) the movement of particles
b) moving up a gradient
c) like dropping food coloring in water
d) it can easily pass through cell membranes.

2. The word glycoprotein in line 18 is closest in meaning to

a) membrane transport channel
b) diffusion
c) proteins with carbohydrates attached
d) certain molecule

3. The word it in line 7 refers to

a) When water undergoes simple diffusion
b) When water undergoes facilitated diffusion
c) When molecule undergoes active transport.
d) When molecule undergoes simple diffusion.

4. According to the passage, what is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
a) simple diffusion move up their gradients, while, facilitated diffusion move down their
gradients
b) simple diffusion allow molecules to pass directly through the cell membrane, but
facilitated allow molecules to pass through by glycoproteins
c) simple diffusion do need energy, where as, facilitated diffusion dont
d) simple diffusion uses movement of solute, while, facilitated diffusion uses movement
of solvent

5. Molecules which pass directly through the cell membrane need to be

a) big and nonpolar
b) polar and ion
c) ion and big
d) small and nonpolar

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6. Which type of protien used in facilitated diffusion?
a) chanel protein
b) carrier protein
c) glycoprotein
d) enzymatic protein

7. According to the passage, what is the movement that doesnt require energy called?
a) downhill
b) uphill
c) sidehill
d) unnatural

8. What do they call when water undergoes simple diffusion?

a) facilatated diffusion
b) sodium potassium pump
c) bulk transport
d) osmosis

9. Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a) diffusion is like when we made granola
b) simple diffusion occurs when materials pass directly through the cell membrane.
c) glycoprotein always specific for either a certain molecule
d) Facilitated diffusion always need energy

10. What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

a) facilitated diffusion
b) overview about diffusion
c) how to make granola
d) osmosis