Maths Selected Exercise For Grade 10

eroberogeday lwm pl:n nig Esn Bisid
briBaabR&tEpkKNitviTa
i 1
2
b b 2 4ac
a2 | a |

2a
sin
tan
cos 2 Z

sin cos 1
2 2
a b ab
a a

1 b b2
1 cot
sin
2

-i-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
emeronsegb
cMnYnBit nig RbB&nrb
1-cMnYnBit
k> bnat;cMnYnBit
s s
s O E s ( )
EpkGviCman EpkviCman
-cMnuc O RtUvnwgcMnYn 0 .
-RKb;cMnucenAEpkviCmanehIymancmay s BIcMnuc O RtUvKanwgcMnYnviCman s .
-RKb;cMnucenAEpkGviCmanehIymancmay s BIcMnuc O RtUvKanwgcMnYnGviCman s
x> kareRbobeFobcMnYnBit
-cMnYnBit b FMCagcMnYnBit a b cMnYnBit a tUcCagcMnYnBit b RtUv)aneKkMNt;
sresr b > a b a 0 .
-ebI a GviCmanenaH a < 0 .
-1-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
eKGaceRbobeFobcMnYnBittamlkNxageRkam
-cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a nig b eKGac)anTMnak;TMngmYykgcMeNamTMnak;TMngbI
KW a b .
-ebI a > b nig b > c naM[ a > c .
-ebI a b smmUl a b > 0 .
-ebI a tmdac;xat
-tmdac;xatncMnYnBit a kMNt;tageday | a | .
-RKb;cMnYnBit a eKman | a | 0
-tm | a |= 0 luHRtaEt a = 0
-karbeBajtmdac;xat | a | = a ebI a0
a ebI a<0
2-kenamraDIkal
k>plKuN nig plEckbskaer
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a > 0 nig b > 0 eKman
!> a b = ab @> a
b
=
a
b
-2-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
x>eRbobeFobbskaerncMnYnviCmanBIr
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a > 0 nig b > 0 eKman
!> a a > b a > b
K>karbM)at;ra:DIkal;BIPaKEbg
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a > 0 nig b > 0 Edl a b eKman
( a b )( a + b ) = a b dUcenHeKmansmPaB
!> a +c b = ( a +( ab)( ba)c b ) = ( aa bb )c

( a + b )c ( a + b )c
@> c
=
a b ( a b )( a + b )
=
ab
X>karsRmYlra:DIkal;BIrCan;
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a > 0 nig b > 0 Edl a b eKman
a + b 2 ab = ( a b )2 = a b .
3-RbBn&rb
k>RbBneKal 10
(anan1 .....a2a1a0 )10 = an 10n + an1 10n 1 + .... + a2 102 + a1 10 + a0
x>RbBneKal 2
(anan 1 .....a2a1a0 )2 = an 2n + an 1 2n 1 + .... + a2 22 + a1 2 + a0 .
-3-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
kRmglMhateRCIserIs
!> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitminsUn .
cUrkMNt;tmEdlGacnkenSam A = | aa | + | bb | + | cc | ?
@> cUrkMNt;lkxN a nig b edIm,I[eK)ansmPaBdUcxageRkam
ab ba
a
=
a
?
#> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitepgpat;
1
( 3a + 6) 2 + | b 10 | + | c + 3 |= 0
4
cUrkMNt;tmn a + bc ?
10
$> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitEdl a eKdwgfa c > 1 ehIyeKman x = c +c 2 c c 1+ 1 , y = c +c +2 1 c +c 1
nig z = c +c 2 c c 1+ 1 .
cUrRsaybBaak;fa x < y < z ?
| x | 2 + 2 | x |
^> eK[ x CacMnYnBiotmYy . eKyk A = 11++ x3x |2 x|
cUrbgajfa A CacMnYnKt; .
-4-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
&> eK[ x = 77 + 33 nig y = 77 + 33
cUrkMNt;tm S = x + y + (x + y ) .
4 4 4
*> KNnatmnkenSam
P = ( 10 + 11 + 12)( 10 + 11 12)( 10 11 + 12)( 10 11 12)
15 + 35 + 21 + 5
(>KNna N=
3+2 5+ 7
!0> sRmYl A = 2 + 2 + 2 5 2 2 + 2 5
!!> eKdwgfa x = 19 8 3 .
x 4 6x 3 2x 2 + 18x + 23
KNnatm A = x 2 8x + 15
+
a+ 8 a1 a+ 8 a1
!@> sRmYl y = 3 a+
3 3
+ 3
a
3 3
Edl a 1 .
!#> eK[cMnYn A = 21a7810 nig B = 87b1210 Edl a nig b Caelx .
ebI A 4 = B enaHcUrkMNt;RKb;KU (a , b ) ?
!$>eK[ a , b , c Caelx .
eKtag x = ab10 , y = x 10 nig z = ccc10
eKdwgfa x.y = z . cUrkMNt;KU (a , b , c)
!%> eK[cMnYn n = aabb10 Edl a nig b Caelx .
k> cUrbgajfaRKb;elx a nig b cMnYn n Eckdac;nwg 11 Canic .
-5-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
x> eKyk q = 11n . bgajfaebI q Eckdac;nwg 11 enaHmanKU (a , b ) EtmYyKt;
Edl n CakaerR)akd ?
!^> eK[cMnYn n = aaaaaa10 Edl a = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }
k> cUrRsayfa n Eckdac;nwg 7 Canic .
x> cUrkMNt;RKb;elx a edIm,I[ n mantYEcky:agticmYyCakaerR)akdFMCag 1 .
!&> eK[cMnYn n = aaabbb10 Edl a b nig a , b Caelx .
k>cUrsresr n CaTRmg;Bnat rYcbRgYm .
x> kMNt;RKb;KU (a , b ) EdleFVI[ n Eckdac;nwg 7 .
!*> eK[cMnYn n = abcd 2 kgRbBnr)ab;eKal 2 Edl a , b , c , d { 0 , 1 } .
k> cUrsresr n CaTRmg;Bnat .
x> ebI a = b = c = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; d edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 5 .
K> ebI a = b = d = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; c edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 3 .
X> ebI a = c = d = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; b edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 11 .
!(>eK[cMnYn n = 11001012 kgRbBneKal 2
nigcMnYn p = 14285b10 kgRbBneKal 10
k>cUrsresr n eTACacMnYnkgRbBneKal 10 .
x>kMNt;elx b edIm,I[ 9(np + b6)++110 CacMnYnKt; ?
-6-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
@0> eK[cMnYn m = 21a7b nig n = b7a12
10 10
cUrkMNt;elx a nig b edIm,I[ mn = 4 ?
eroberogeday lwm pl:n

Tel : 017 768 246
www.mathtoday.wordpress.com
-7-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI1
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitminsUn .
cUrkMNt;tmEdlGacnkenSam A = | aa | + | bb | + | cc | ?
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;tmEdlGacnkenSam A = | aa | + | bb | + | cc |
-ebI a > 0 , b > 0 , c > 0 viCmanTaMgbI
eK)an A = aa + bb + cc = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 .
-ebI a < 0 , b < 0 , c < 0 GviCmanTaMgbI
eK)an A = aa + bb + cc = 1 1 1 = 3 .
-ebIkgcMeNam a , b , c manGviCmanmYy nig viCmanBIr
eK)an A = 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 .
-ebIkgcMeNam a , b , c manGviCmanBIr nig viCmanmYy
eK)an A = 1 1 + 1 = 1 .
dUcenHtmEdlGacn A KW 3 , 1 , 1 nig 3 .
-8-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI2
cUrkMNt;lkxN a nig b edIm,I[eK)ansmPaBdUcxageRkam
ab ba
a
=
a
?
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;lkxN a nig b
smPaBEdl[ a a b = b a a BitluHRtaEt
ab
a 0 nig 0
a
b
1 0
a
b
1
a
dUcenHeKmanlkxN a nig b KW ba 1 nig a 0 .
-9-
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI3
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitepgpat; (3a + 6)2 + | 14 b 10 | + | c + 3 |= 0
cUrkMNt;tmn a + bc ?
10
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;tmn a + bc
10
eKman (3a + 6)2 + | 14 b 10 | + | c + 3 |= 0

eyIgeXIjfaGgxageqVgnsmIkarsuTEtCacMnYnminGviCman .
3a + 6 = 0

ehtuenHeyIgRtUvEt)an
1
4
b 10 = 0

c+3= 0
eKTaj a = 2 , b = 40 , c = 3
dUcenH a10 + bc = (2)10 + (40)(3) = 1024 120 = 904 .
- 10 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI4
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitEdl a < b < c .
cUrkMnt;tmtUcbMputnkenSam y =| x a | + | x b | + | x c |
dMeNaRsay
kMnt;tmtUcbMput
eKman y =| x a | + | x b | + | x c |
-krNI x a
eK)an y = (a x) + (b x) + (c x) (b a) + (c a)
-krNI a < x b
eK)an
y = ( x a ) + (b x ) + (c x ) = (b a ) + (c x ) (b a ) + (c b ) = c a
-krNI b < x c
eK)an
y = ( x a ) + ( x b ) + (c x ) = ( x a ) + (c b ) > (b a ) + (c b ) = c a
-krNI c < x
eK)an
y = ( x a ) + ( x b ) + ( x c ) > (b a ) + (c b ) + ( x c ) > c a
dUcenH y min = c a EdlRtUvnwg x = b .
- 11 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI5
c+ 2 c+1 c+ 2 c+1
eKdwgfa c > 1 ehIyeKman x=
c c1
,y=
c+1 c
nig z = c +c 2 c c 1+ 1 .
cUrRsaybBaak;fa x < y < z ?
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;fa x < y < z
eKman x = c +c 2 c c 1+ 1
[( c + 2 ) 2 ( c + 1 ) 2 ]( c + c 1 )
=
( c + 2 + c + 1 )[( c ) 2 ( c 1 ) 2 ]
c + c1
=
c+ 2 + c+1
c + 2 c + 1 [( c + 2 ) 2 ( c + 1 ) 2 ]( c + 1 + c )
y= =
c+1 c ( c + 2 + c + 1 )[( c + 1 ) 2 ( c ) 2 ]
c+1+ c
=
c+ 2 + c+1
eKTaj)an x < y eRBaH c + c1 < c+1 + c .
ehIy z = c +c 2 c c 1+ 1 = c+ 2 + c+1
c + c1
eday c + c 1 < c + 1 + c < c+ 2 + c+1 enaH x < y < z Bit .
- 12 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI6
| x | 2 + 2 | x |
eK[ x CacMnYnBiotmYy . eKyk A = 11++ x3x |2 x|
cUrbgajfa A CacMnYnKt; .
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa A CacMnYnKt;
| x | 2 0
1 + 3x | x | 2 + 2 | x |
A=
1+ x

|2 x|
manny luHRtaEt 2 | x | 0
| 2 x | 0

smmUl |xx|=22 naM[ x = 2

cMeBaH x = 2 eK)an A = 1126 04 = 7
dUcenH A = 7 CacMnYnKt; .
- 13 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI7
eK[ x = 77 + 33 nig y = 77 + 33
cUrkMNt;tm S = x + y + (x + y ) .
4 4 4
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;tm S = x + y + (x + y )
4 4 4
eKman x = 77 + 33 = ( 7 + 3 ) = 10 + 42
2
21
2 2
7 3
7 3 ( 7 3 ) 2 10 2 21
nig y=
7+ 3
=
73
=
4
eK)an x + y = 5 nig xy = 1
eKman S = x + y + (x + y )
4 4 4
= ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 2x 2 y 2 + ( x + y ) 4
[
= ( x + y ) 2 2xy ] 2
2x 2 y 2 + ( x + y ) 4
= ( 25 2) 2 2 + 5 4
= 529 2 + 625
= 1152
dUcenH S = 1152 .
- 14 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI8
KNnatmnkenSam
P = ( 10 + 11 + 12)( 10 + 11 12)( 10 11 + 12)( 10 11 12)
dMeNaRsay
KNnatmn P
eKman M = ( 10 + 11 + 12 )( 10 + 11 12 )
= ( 10 + 11 ) 2 ( 12 ) 2
= 10 + 2 110 + 11 12
= 9 + 2 110
nig N = ( 10 11 + 12 )( 10 11 12 )
= ( 10 11 ) 2 ( 12 ) 2
= 10 2 110 + 11 12
= 9 2 110
eK)an P = M.N = (9 + 2 110 )(9 2 110 )
= 81 440 = 359
dUcenH P = 359 .
- 15 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI9
KNna N = 15 +3 + 35 + 21 + 5
2 5+ 7
dMeNaRsay
KNna N = 15 +3 + 35 + 21 + 5
2 5+ 7
eKman N = (( 153 ++21 ) + ( 35 + 5)
=
( 3 + 5 )( 5 + 7 )
5 ) + ( 5 + 7 ) ( 3 + 5) + ( 5 + 7 )
1 ( 3 + 5) + ( 5 + 7)
eK)an N
=
( 3 + 5 )( 5 + 7 )
=
1
5+ 7
+
1
3+ 5
7 5 5 3 7 3 2
= + = =
2 2 2 7+ 3
7+ 3
dUcenH N=
2
.
- 16 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI10
sRmYl A = 2 + 2 + 2 5 2 2 + 2 5
dMeNaRsay
sRmYl A = 2 + 2 + 2 5 2 2 + 2 5
tag a = 2 + 2 + 2 5 nig b = 2 2 + 2 5
eK)an a + b = 4 nig ab = 4 (2 + 2 5 ) = 6 2 5 =
2 2
5 1
eKman (a b) = a + b 2ab = 4 2 5 + 2 = ( 5 1)
2 2 2 2
eKTaj)an a b = 5 1
dUcenH A = a b = 5 1 .
- 17 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI11
eKdwgfa x = 19 8 3 .
KNnatm A = x 6xx 28xx ++1518x + 23
4 3 2
dMeNaRsay
KNnatm A = x 6xx 28xx +1518x + 23
4 3 2
+
2
eKman x = 19 8 3 = (4 3 ) = 4 3 2
naM[ (x 4) = 3 b x 8x + 13 = 0
2 2
kenSam A GacsresrmYyEbbeTotKW
( x 18x + 13)( x + 1) + 10
2 2
A=
( x 8x + 13) + 2
2
eday x 8x + 13 = 0
2
dUcenH A = 102 = 5 .
- 18 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI12
sRmYl y = a + a +3 8
3 a1
3
+ 3
a
a+ 8 a1
3 3
Edl a 1 .
dMeNaRsay
sRmYl y = a + a +3 8
3 a1
3
+ 3
a
a+ 8 a1
3 3
a+8
yk x = a 3 1 naM[ a = 3x 2
+1 nig 3
= x2 + 3
kenSamxagedImGacsresrCa
y = 3 x 2 + 1 + x( x 2 + 3 ) + 3 x 2 + 1 x( x 2 + 3 )
3 3
3 3
= x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1 + 1 3 x + 3x 2 x 3
= ( x + 1) 3 + (1 x ) 3
3 3
= x +1+1 x = 2
dUcenH y = 2 .
- 19 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI13
eK[cMnYn A = 21a7810 nig B = 87b1210 Edl a nig b Caelx .
ebI A 4 = B enaHcUrkMNt;RKb;KU (a , b ) ?
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;RKb;KU (a , b )
eKman A = 21a7810 = 2 104 + 1 10 3 + a 102 + 7 10 + 8
A = 21078 + 100a
ehIy B = 87b1210 = 8 104 + 7 103 + b 102 + 1 10 + 2
B = 87012 + 100b
eday A 4 = B enaH 4(21078 + 100a) = 87012 + 100b
b 84312 + 400a = 87012 + 100b
400a 100b = 87012 84312
100(4a b ) = 2700
4a b = 27
27 + b
eKTaj a=
4
eday b CaelxenaH b = {0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9}
ehIyeday a CaelxEdrenaHtmEdlGacrbs; b KW {1 , 5 , 9 }
dUcenH (a , b ) = {(7 , 1 ) , ( 8 , 5 ) , (9 , 9 )} .
- 20 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI14
eK[ a , b , c Caelx .
eKtag x = ab10 , y = x 10 nig z = ccc10
eKdwgfa x.y = z . cUrkMNt;KU (a , b , c)
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;KU (a , b , c)
eKman x = ab10 = 10a + b , y = x 10 = 10a + b 10
nig z = ccc10 = c 10 2 + c 10 + c = 111 c
eday xy = z enaH x(x 10) = 111c
b x 10x 111c = 0 (E)
2
DIsRKImINg;bRgYmnsmIkar ' = 25 + 111 c

eday x CacMnYnKt;viCmanenaH ' CakaerR)akd .
eKman c 0 nig c = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }
eKTaj)an c = 9 EtmYyKt;EdlnaM[ ' = 1024 = (32) CakaerR)akd .
2
kgkrNIenHeK)an x1 = 5 + 32 = 37 ; x 2 = 5 32 = 27 minyk
dUcenH x = 37 Et x = 10a + b enaHeKTaj a = 3 , b = 7 .
dUcenH a = 3 , b = 7 , c = 9 .
epgpat; x = 37 , y = 27 , z = 999 enaH 37 27 = 999 Bit .
- 21 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI15
eK[cMnYn n = aabb10 Edl a nig b Caelx .
k> cUrbgajfaRKb;elx a nig b cMnYn n Eckdac;nwg 11 Canic .
x> eKyk q = 11n . bgajfaebI q Eckdac;nwg 11 enaHmanKU (a , b ) EtmYyKt;
Edl n CakaerR)akd ?
dMeNaRsay
k>bgajfaRKb;elx a nig b cMnYn n Eckdac;nwg 11 Canic
eKman n = aabb10 = a 10 3 + a 10 2 + b 10 + b
n = 1100a + 11b = 11 (100a + b ) CaBhuKuNn 11 .
dUcenHRKb;elx a nig b cMnYn n Eckdac;nwg 11 Canic .
x>kMNt;KU (a , b )
eKman q = 11n = 100a + b = 99a + (a + b)
cMnYn q Eckdac;nwg 11 luHRtaEt a + b Eckdac;nwg 11 .
eday a nig b CaelxenaH 0 < a + b 18 naM[ a + b = 11
eK)an q = 99a + 11 = 11(9a + 1)
eKTaj n = 11q = 11 (9a + 1) . cMeBaH a = 1 , 2 , 3 , ..., 9 tmEdleFIV[ n
2
CakaerR)akdmanEtmYyKt;KW a = 7 EdlRtUvnwg b = 11 7 = 4 .
dUcenH a = 7 , b = 4 ehIy n = 7744 = 88 . 2
- 22 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI16
eK[cMnYn n = aaaaaa10 Edl a = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }
k> cUrRsayfa n Eckdac;nwg 7 Canic .
x> cUrkMNt;RKb;elx a edIm,I[ n mantYEcky:agticmYyCakaerR)akdFMCag 1 .
dMeNaRsay
k> Rsayfa n Eckdac;nwg 7 Canic
eKman n = aaaaaa10
= a 10 5 + a 10 4 + a 10 3 + a 10 2 + a 10 + a
= (10 5 + 10 4 + 10 3 + 10 2 + 10 + 1) a
= 111111 a
= 15873 7 a
dUcenH n Eckdac;nwg 7 Canic .
x> kMNt;RKb;elx a edIm,I[ n mantYEckCakaerR)akd
eKman 111111 = 3 7 11 13 37
eK)an n = 3 7 11 13 37 a Edl a = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }
dUcenHedIm,I[ n mantYEcky:agticmYyEdlCakaerR)akdluHRtaEt
a=3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 .
- 23 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI17
eK[cMnYn n = aaabbb10 Edl a b nig a , b Caelx .
k>cUrsresr n CaTRmg;Bnat rYcbRgYm .
x> kMNt;RKb;KU (a , b ) EdleFVI[ n Eckdac;nwg 7 .
dMeNaRsay
k>sresr n CaTRmg;Bnat rYcbRgYm
eKman n = aaabbb10
= a 10 5 + a 10 4 + a 10 3 + b 10 2 + b 10 + b
= a 10 3 (10 2 + 10 + 1) + b(10 2 + 10 + 1)
= 111 (1000a + b )
x>kMNt;RKb;KU (a , b ) EdleFVI[ n Eckdac;nwg 7
eKGacsresr
n = 111(1000a + b )
= 3 37 (1000a + b )
= 3 37 [142 7a + (6a + b )]
edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 7 luHRtaEt 6a + b Eckdac;nwg 7 .
eday a b nig a 0 dUcenHedIm,I[ 6a + b Eckdac;nwg 7 luHRtaEt
(a, b ) {(1 , 8 ) , ( 2 , 9 ) , (7 , 0 ) , (8 , 1 ) , (9 , 2 ) } .
- 24 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI18
eK[cMnYn n = abcd 2 kgRbBnr)ab;eKal 2 Edl a , b , c , d { 0 , 1 } .
k> cUrsresr n CaTRmg;Bnat .
x> ebI a = b = c = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; d edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 5 .
K> ebI a = b = d = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; c edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 3 .
X> ebI a = c = d = 1 enaHcUrkMNt; b edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 11 .
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr n CaTRmg;Bnat
eK)an n = abcd 2 = a 23 + b 22 + c 2 + d
x> kMNt; d edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 5
ebI a = b = c = 1 enaH n = 2 + 2 + 2 + d = 14 + d
3 2
dUcenHedIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 5 KWmanEt d = 1 .

K> kMNt; c edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 3
ebI a = b = d = 1 enaH n = 2 + 2 + 2c + 1 = 13 + 2c
3 2
dUcenH edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 3 KWmanEt c = 1 .

X> kMNt; b edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 11
ebI a = c = d = 1 enaH n = 2 + 4b + 2 + 1 = 11 + 4b
3
dUcenH edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 11 KWmanEt b = 0 .
- 25 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI19
eK[cMnYn n = 11001012 kgRbBneKal 2
nigcMnYn p = 14285b10 kgRbBneKal 10
k>cUrsresr n eTACacMnYnkgRbBneKal 10 .
x>kMNt;elx b edIm,I[ 9(np + b6)++110 CacMnYnKt; ?
dMeNaRsay
k>sresr n eTACacMnYnkgRbBneKal 10
eK)an n = 11001012
= 1 2 6 + 1 2 5 + 1 2 2 + 1 = 104
dUcenH n = 104
x>kMNt;elx b edIm,I[ 9(np + b6)++110 CacMnYnKt;
eKman 9(n + 6) + 10 = 990 + 10 = 1000
ehIy p = 14285b10 = 142850 + b naM[ p b + 1 = (142850 + b)b + 1
edIm,I[ 9(np + b6)++110 CacMnYnKt;luHRtaEt (142850 + b)b + 1 Eckdac;nwg 1000
eday b CaelxenaHeK)an b = 7 EtmYyKt;eRBaHcMeBaH b = 7 eK)an
(142850 + b )b + 1 = 142857 7 + 1 = 1000000 Eckdac;nwg 1000 .
dUcenH b = 7 CacemIyEdlRtUvrk .
- 26 -
CMBUkTI1 cMnYnBit
lMhatTI20
eK[cMnYn m = 21a7b nig n = b7a12
10 10
cUrkMNt;elx a nig b edIm,I[ mn = 4 ?

dMeNaRsay
kMNt;elx a nig b
eKman m = 21a7b 10
= 20000 + 1000 + 100a + 70 + b

= 21070 + 100a + b
nig n = b7a1210
= 10000b + 7000 + 100a + 10 + 2
= 10000b + 100a + 7012
eday m
n
=4 enaHn = 4m
10000b + 100a + 7012 = 4(20170 + 100a + b)
9996b 3000a = 73668
3332b 1000a = 24556
3332b 24556
eKTaj a=
1000
eday enaH
a b
25556
3332
b
b8 ehtuenH b = 8 b b=9 .
cMeBaH b = 8 enaH a = 2 ehIycMeBaH b = 9 enaH a IN
dUcenH a = 2 , b = 9 .
- 27 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
emeronsegb
BhuFa nig viFIEckBhuFa
1-kFa nig BhuFa

k-kFa
-kFa KWCakenSamEdlrbmaNviFIelIGefrmanEtviFIKuN nig sVyKuNEdlman
niTsSnKt;viCman b sUn .
-kFadUcKa KWCakFaEdlmanEpkGefrdUcKa .
-dWeRknkFa CaplbUkniTsSnrbs;GefrnImYynkFa .
x-BhuFa
-BhuFa CaplbUkneRcInkFaxusKa .
-dWeRknBhuFa KWCadWeRkrbs;tYEdrmandWeRkx<s;CageK .
K-RbmaNviFIelIBhuFa
-edIm,IeFIV plbUk b dk nBhuFa BIr beRcIn eKRtUvbUk b dkkFaEdldUcKa .
-edIm,IKuNBhuFa nig BhuFa eKyktYnImYynBhuFaTImYy KuNRKb;tYnBhuFa
TIBIr rYceFIVRbmaNviFI bRgYm .
- 28 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
X-rUbmn
!> (a + b) = a + 2ab + b
2 2 2
@> (a b) = a 2ab + b
2 2 2
#> (a + b) = a + 3a b + 3ab + b
3 3 2 2 3
$> (a b) = a 3a b + 3ab b
3 3 2 2 3
%> (a b)(a + b) = a b 2 2
^> (a + b + c) = a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

2 2 2 2
&> (a + b)(a ab + b ) = a + b
2 2 3 3
*> (a b)(a + ab + b ) = a b
2 2 3 3
(> acx + (ad + bc)x + bd = (ax + b)(cx + d)

2
2-RbmaNviFIEckBhuFa
k-RTwsIviFIEckBhuFa
-]bmafaeKmanBhuFaBIr A nig B manGefrdUcKa ehIymandWeRk m nig n
erogKa . ebI m n eKGacrkkenSamBICKNit Q nig R Edlepgpat;
A = B Q + R . dWeRkn R tUcCagdWeRkn B .
Q CaplEck ehIy R CasMNl;enAkgviFIEck . plEck Q mandWeRk m n .
-ebI R = 0 eK)an A = B Q enaHeKfa A Eckdac;nwg B .
- 29 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
x-tYEckrYmFMbMput nig BhuKuNrYmtUcbMput
-tYEckrYmFMbMputnkenSam A nig B KWCaplKuNktarYmEdlmanniTsSntUcCageK
-BhuKuNrYmtUcbMput KWCaplKuNRKb;ktaminrYm nig RKb;ktarYmEdlmanniTsSn
FMCageK .
viFan
edIm,IKNnatYEckrYmFMbMput
!> dak;CaplKuNktaRKb;tYTaMgGs; .
@> eRCIserIsykEtktarYm EdlmanniTsSntUcCageK .
#> tYEckrYmFMbMputCaplKuNktarYmTaMgenaH .
edIm,IKNnatYEckrYmtUcbMput
!> dak;CaplKuNktaRKb;tYTaMgGs; .
@> eRCIserIsykktaminrYm nig ktaEdlmanniTsSnFMCageK .
#> BhuKuNrYmtUcbMputCaplKuNktaTaMgenaH .
K-RbmaNviFIbUk dkkenamRbPaK
!> AD + DB = A D+ B
@> AD DB = A D B
#> AD + DB CD = A + DB C D 0
- 30 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
viFan
edIm,IKNnaplbUk b dkRbPaK
!> tRmUvRbPaKnImYy[manPaKEbgrYm.
@> eFIVRbmaNviFI bUk b dkPaKyk TukPaKEbgrYm .
#> sRmYllTpl .
X-RbmaNviFIKuN nig RbmaNviFIEck
!> AB CD = AB DC
@> AB CD = AB CD = AB CD
B ,C, D0
viFan
edIm,IKNnaplKuN nig plEckRbPaK

!> dak;PaKyk nig PaKEbgCaplKuNkta.
@> sRmYlkenSamRbPaKnImYy .
#> eFIVRbmaNviFIKuN b EcktamrUbmnRKwH .
- 31 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
kRmglMhateRCIserIs
!> KNnakenSam
9x 2 6x + 1 5( x 2) x( x 2) 1
E=
5x x 2 4x + 4 3x 1
kMNt;RKb;cMnYnKt; x edIm,I[ E CacMnYnKt; .
@> eK[BhuFa A(x) = x + ax + bx + c Edl a , b , c Z
3 2
cUrkMNt; a , b , c edIm,I[ x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = 0 .

#> cUrbgajfa (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )
2 2 2 2 2 2
rYcTajfa | bx + ay | a 2 + b 2 . x 2 + y 2 RKb;cMnYnBit a , b , x , y .
$> eK[ x = aa + bb , y = bb + cc , z = cc + aa
cUrbgajfa (1 + x)(1 + y )(1 + z ) = (1 x)(1 y )(1 z )
%> eK[BhuFa f (x) = x 6x + 9x +
3 2
k> kMNt;cMnYnBit edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 .

x> cMeBaHtm Edl)anrkeXIj cUrdak; f (x) CaplKuNkta .
K> cUrk x CacMnYnKt;viCmanedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akd .
^> eK[BhuFa f (x) = x + px + q
3
k> kMNt; p nig q edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 2x + 1

2
x> cMeBaHtm p nig q Edl)anrkeXIjxagelI cUrkMnt;RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x

- 32 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
EdlnaM[ f (x) CakaerR)akd .
&> eK[BhuFa P(x) = 2(x 3x + 1)
2 7
rksMNl;nviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 . 2
*> eKmanBhuFa P(x) = ax + bx + cx + d

3 2
eKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

k> etI P(x) Ecknwg x + x [sMNl;bu:nan ?
2
x> kMNt; a , b , c , d edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 .

(>eK[BhuFa f (x) = ax + bx + cx + dx + e
4 3 2
eKdwgfa f (k ) = k RKb; k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 nig f (5) = 77 .

cUrkMnt;elxemKuN a , b , c , d , e .
!0> eKdwgfa k a+ 1 + k b+ 2 + k +c 3 + k d+ 4 = k1 cMeBaH k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
cUrKNna A = a6 + b7 + 8c + d9 .
!!> eK[BhuFa A(x) = x + 2x 38x + 33 nig B(x) = x 6x + 14
3 2 2
k> cUrkMNt;BIrcMnYnBit nig edIm,I[

A(x) = (x + )(x 6x + 4) + B(x) 5 cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit x .
2
x> kMNt;tm A(x)

B(x)
cMeBaH x = 14 + 6 5 .
- 33 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
!@> eK[BhuFa P(x) = x 4x + ax + b .
4 3
kMNt;cMnYnBit a nig b ebIeKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x 2

4x + 3 [sMNl; 4x 1 .
- 34 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI1
KNnakenSam
9x 2 6x + 1 5( x 2) x( x 2) 1
E=
5x x 2 4x + 4 3x 1
kMNt;RKb;cMnYnKt; x edIm,I[ E CacMnYnKt; .
dMeNaRsay
KNnakenSam E
9x 2 6x + 1 5( x 2) x( x 2)
eKman E = 5 x x 2 4x + 4 3x1 1
+
( 3x 1) 2 ( x 2)(5 x ) 1
=
5 x ( x 2) 2 3x 1
( 3x 1) 2 ( x 2)(5 x ) 3x 1
= =
(5 x )( x 2) 2 ( 3x 1) x2
3x 1
dUcenH E=
x2
Edl 1
x , x2 , x5
3
.
kMNt;RKb;cMnYnKt; x
eKman E = 3xx21 = 3(xx22) + 5 = 3 + x 5 2
edIm,I[ E CacMnYnKt;luHRtaEt x 2 Eckdac; 5 eBalKWeKRtUv[ x = 3 , x = 1
x = 3 , b x = 7 .
dUcenH x { 3 , 1 , 3 , 7 } .
- 35 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI2
eK[BhuFa A(x) = x + ax + bx + c Edl a , b , c Z
3 2
cUrkMNt; a , b , c edIm,I[ x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = 0 .

dMeNaRsay
kMNt; a , b , c
eKman x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16
x = 1 + 3 4 + 23 2
3
x = (1 + 2 ) 2
x = 1+ 3 2
eK)an (x 1) = ( 2 )
3 3 3
naM[ x 3x + 3x 3 = 0
3 2
dUcenH x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabs x 3x + 3x 3 = 0 .
3 2
ehtuenH x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = x + ax + bx + c = 0

3 2
luHRtaEt a = 3 , b = 3 , c = 3 .
dUcenH a = 3 , b = 3 , c = 3 CacMnYnKt;EdlRtUvrk .
- 36 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI3
cUrbgajfa (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )
2 2 2 2 2 2
rYcTajfa | bx + ay | a 2 + b 2 . x 2 + y 2 RKb;cMnYnBit a , b , x , y .
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )
2 2 2 2 2 2
tag A = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )2 2
= a 2 x 2 2abxy + b 2 y 2 + b 2 x 2 + 2abxy + a 2 y 2
= a2x2 + b2y 2 + b2x2 + a2y 2
= (a 2 x 2 + b 2 x 2 ) + (a 2 y 2 + b 2 y 2 )
= x 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + y 2 (a 2 + b 2 )
= (a 2 + b 2 )( x 2 + y 2 )
dUcenH (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay ) .
2 2 2 2 2 2
Tajfa | bx + ay | a 2 + b 2 . x 2 + y 2
eday RKb;cMnYnBit a , b , x , y eKman (ax by ) 0 2
tam (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )

2 2 2 2 2 2
eKTaj)an (a + b )(x + y ) (bx + ay )

2 2 2 2 2
dUcenH | bx + ay | a 2 + b 2 . x 2 + y 2 .
- 37 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI4
eK[ x = aa + bb , y = bb + cc , z = cc + aa
cUrbgajfa (1 + x)(1 + y )(1 + z ) = (1 x)(1 y )(1 z )
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa (1 + x)(1 + y )(1 + z ) = (1 x)(1 y )(1 z )
eKman 1 + x = 1 + aa + bb = a2+ab
bc 2b
1+ y = 1+ =
b+c b+c
ca 2c
1+ z = 1+ =
c+a c+a
eK)an (1 + x)(1 + y )(1 + z ) = (a + b)(8babc
+ c)(c + a )
(1)
ehIy 1 x = 1 aa + bb = a2+bb
bc 2c
1 y = 1 =
b+c b+c
ca 2a
1 z = 1 =
c+a c+a
eK)an (1 x)(1 y )( z ) = (a + b)(8babc + c)(c + a )
( 2)
tamTMnak;TMng (1) nig (2) eKTaj)an

(1 + x )(1 + y )(1 + z ) = (1 x )(1 y )(1 z ) Bit .
- 38 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI5
eK[BhuFa f (x) = x 6x + 9x +
3 2
k> kMNt;cMnYnBit edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 .

x> cMeBaHtm Edl)anrkeXIj cUrdak; f (x) CaplKuNkta .
K> cUrk x CacMnYnKt;viCmanedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akd .
dMeNaRsay
k> kMNt;cMnYnBit
edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 luHRtaEtmankenSamBICKNit Q(x) mYyEdl
f ( x ) = x 3 6x 2 + 9x + = ( x 4)Q( x )
yk x = 4 eK)an f (4) = 64 96 + 36 + = 0
eKTaj)an = 4 .
x> dak; f (x) CaplKuNkta
cMeBaH = 4 eK)an f (x) = x 6x + 9x 4
3 2
eday f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 enaHeKGacsresr

f ( x ) = ( x 4)( x 2 + x + )
= x 3 + x 2 + x 4x 2 4x 4
= x 3 + ( 4)x 2 + ( 4 )x 4
edayeRbobeFobkenSamenHCamYynwg f (x) = x 3
6x 2 + 9x 4 eK)an
- 39 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
4 = 6

4 = 9 naM[ = 2 , =1
4 = 4

eK)an f (x) = (x 4)(x 2x + 1)
2
dUcenH f (x) = (x 4)(x 1) . 2
K>rk x CacMnYnKt;viCmanedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akd

eKman f (x) = (x 4)(x 1) 2
eday (x 1) CakaerR)akdRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x > 1 enaHedIm,I[ f (x) Cakaer

2
R)akdenaHeKRKan;Et[ x 4 CakaerR)akd .
eK)an x 4 = p RKb; p IN = {1 , 2 , 3 , ...}
2
dUcenH x = p + 4 .
2
- 40 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI6
eK[BhuFa f (x) = x + px + q
3
k> kMNt; p nig q edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 2x + 1 2
x> cMeBaHtm p nig q Edl)anrkeXIjxagelI cUrkMnt;RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x

EdlnaM[ f (x) CakaerR)akd .
dMeNaRsay
k> kMNt; p nig q
edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 2x + 1 = (x 1) luHRtaEtmankenSamBICKNit
2 2
Q( x ) mYyEdl f ( x ) = ( x 1) Q( x ) 2
b x + px + q = (x 1) Q(x) (1)
3 2
yk x = 1 CYskg (1) eK)an 1 + p + q = 0 q = 1 p

eK)an f (x) = x + px 1 p
3
= ( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1) + p( x 1)
= ( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1 + p )
eday f (x) Eckdac;nwg (x 1) enaHeK)an x + x + 1 + p RtUvEtEckdac;nwg
2 2
x 1 eBalKW x = 1 Cabs x + x + 1 + p = 0
2
eK)an 1 + 1 + 1 + p = 0 p = 3 ehIy q = 1 (3) = 2

2
dUcenH p = 3 , q = 2 .
- 41 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
x> kMnt;RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x
cMeBaH p = 3 , q = 2
eK)an f (x) = x 3x + 2 = (x 1) (x + )
3 2
yk x = 0 eK)an f (0) = 2 =
dUcenH f (x) = (x 1) (x + 2)
2
edaykta (x 1) CakaerR)akdRKb;cMnYnKt; x > 1 .

2
ehtuenHedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akdluHRtaEt x + 2 CakaerR)akd .

eK)an x + 2 = k k 2 , k IN
2
dUcenH x = k 2 .
2
- 42 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI7
eK[BhuFa P(x) = 2(x 3x + 1)
2 7
rksMNl;nviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 .

2
dMeNaRsay
rksMNl;
tag R(x) = ax + b CasMNl;nviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 enaHman
2
kenSamBICKNit Q(x) Edl P(x) = (x 4x + 3)Q(x) + R(x)

2
b 2(x 3x + 1) = (x 4x + 3)Q(x) + ax + b
2 7 2
eyIgdwgfa x 4x + 3 = 0 eBlEdl x = 1 b x = 3
2
ebI x = 1 eK)an 2 = a + b (1)

ebI x = 3 eK)an 2 = 3a + b (2)
yksmIkar (2) dksmIkar (1) eK)an 4 = 2a a = 2
tam (1) eK)an b = 2 a = 2 2 = 4
dUcenH a = 2 , b = 4 nig R(x) = 2x + 4 .
- 43 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI8
eKmanBhuFa P(x) = ax + bx + cx + d
3 2
eKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

k> etI P(x) Ecknwg x + x [sMNl;b:unan ?
2
x> kMNt; a , b , c , d edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 .

dMeNaRsay
k> etI P(x) Ecknwg x + x [sMNl;bu:nan ?
2
smtikm P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

naM[mankenSamBICKNit Q1 (x) nig Q 2 (x) Edl
P( x) = xQ1 ( x) + 2 b
P( x ) 2
= Q (x) +
1 (1)
x x
P( x) = ( x + 1)Q 2 ( x) + 1 b
P( x ) 1
= Q ( x) + ( 2)
x+1 x+1
2
dksmIkar (1) nig (2) eK)an P(xx) xP(+x1) = Q (x) Q (x) + x2 x 1+ 1

1 2
b (xx(+x1+) 1)x P(x) = Q (x) Q (x) + x(xx++21)

1 2
b P(x) = [Q1 (x) Q 2 (x)](x 2 + x) + x + 2

TMnak;TMngenHbBaak;fa P(x) Ecknwg x + x [sMNl; R(x) = x + 2 .
2
- 44 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
x> kMNt; a , b , c , d
tamsRmayxagelI P(x) Ecknwg x + x [sMNl; R(x) = x + 2 naM[man
2
kenSamBICKNit Q(x) = x + Edl P(x) = (x + x)(x + ) + x + 2

2
edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 enaH 62((2++) +) +34==1010

7
+ =
b 2 naM[ = 52 nig = 6
2 + = 1
eK)an P(x) = (x 2 5x
+ x )(
2
+ 6) + x + 2
5x 3 5x 2
P( x ) = + 6x
2
+ 6x + x + 2
2 2
5 7
P( x ) = x 3 + x 2 + 7 x + 2
2 2
eday P(x) = ax + bx + cx + d
3 2
dUcenH a = 52 , b = 72 , c = 7 , d = 2 .
- 45 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI9
eK[BhuFa f (x) = ax + bx + cx + dx + e
4 3 2
eKdwgfa f (k ) = k RKb; k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 nig f (5) = 77 .

cUrkMnt;elxemKuN a , b , c , d , e .
dMeNaRsay
kMnt;elxemKuN a , b , c , d , e
tagBhuFa g(x) = f (x) x eday f (k ) = k RKb; k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
enaHeK)an g(1) = g(2) = g(3) = g(4) = 0
ehtuenH g(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)
eK)an f (x) x = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)
b f (x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4) + x
ebI x = 5 enaH f (5) = 24 + 5 Et f (5) = 77
eK)an 24 + 5 = 77 = 3
dUcenH f (x) = 3(x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4) + x
b f (x) = 3x 30x + 105x 149x + 72
4 3 2
eday f (x) = ax + bx + cx + dx + e
4 3 2
dUcenH a = 3 , b = 30 , c = 105 , d = 149 , e = 72 .
- 46 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI10
eKdwgfa k a+ 1 + k b+ 2 + k +c 3 + k d+ 4 = k1 cMeBaH k =1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
cUrKNna A = a6 + b7 + 8c + d9 .
dMeNaRsay
KNna A = a6 + b7 + 8c + d9
tagBhuFa
a b c d 1
P( x ) = x( x + 1)( x + 2)( x + 3)( x + 4)(
+ + + ) (1)
x+1 x+ 2 x+ 3 x+4 x
eKman a
+
b
+
c
+
d
=
k +1 k + 2 k + 3 k +4 k
1
cMeBaH
k =1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ehtuenH P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = P(4) = 0 .

eday P(x) CaBhuFadWeRkTIbYnn x enaHnaM[mancMnYnBit 0 Edl
P( x ) = ( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)( x 4) ( 2)
tam (1) eKGacsresr
a d
P( x ) = x( x + 1)...(x + 4)( + ... + ) ( x + 1)( x + 2)( x + 3)( x + 4)
x+1 x+4
ebI x = 0 P(0) = 24 Ettam (2) P(0) = 24
eKTaj)an 24 = 24 = 1
ehtuenH P(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4) (3)
- 47 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
yk x = 5 CYskg (1) eK)an
a b c d 1
P(5) = 5.6.7.8.9 + + +
6 7 8 9 5
nig
P(5) = 24
eK)an a b c d 1
5.6.7.8.9( + + + ) = 24
6 7 8 9 5
eKTaj a b c d
+ + + =
6 7 8 9
1 1 125 25
+ = =
630 5 630 126
dUcenH a b c d 25
A= + + + =
6 7 8 9 126
.
- 48 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
lMhatTI11
eK[BhuFa A(x) = x + 2x 38x + 33 nig B(x) = x 6x + 14
3 2 2
k> cUrkMNt;BIrcMnYnBit nig edIm,I[

A(x) = (x + )(x 6x + 4) + B(x) 5 cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit x .
2
x> kMNt;tm A(x)

B(x)
cMeBaH x = 14 + 6 5 .
dMeNaRsay
k>kMNt;BIrcMnYnBit nig
eday A(x) = (x + )(x 6x + 4) + B(x) 5 cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit x enaH
2
= 4 + B(0) 5
eKGacyk x = 0 nig x = 1 eK)an A(0)A(1) = ( + ) + B(1) 5

A(0) = 33 , B(0) = 14 nig A(1) = 1 + 1 38 + 33 = 3 , B(1) = 1 6 + 14 = 9
eK)an 333 == 4 +14 + 95 5 naM[ = 6 , = 1

dUcenH = 1 , = 6 .
x> kMNt;tm A(x) B(x)
cMeBaH x = 14 + 6 5
eKman x = 14 + 6 5 = (3 + 5) = 3 + 5 2
b x 3 = 5 naM[ (x 3) = 5 b x 6x + 4 = 0
2 2
eKman A(x) = (x + 6)(x 8x + 4) + x 6x + 14 5

2 2
- 49 -
CMBUkTI2 BhuFa
b A(x) = (x + 6)(x 6x + 4) + (x 6x + 4) + 5
2 2
ehIy B(x) = x 6x + 14 = (x 6x + 4) + 10 eday x 6x + 4 = 0

2 2 2
enaH A(x) =
5 1
B(x) 10 2
= .
lMhatTI12
eK[BhuFa P(x) = x 4x + ax + b .
4 3
kMNt;cMnYnBit a nig b ebIeKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x 4x + 3 [sMNl; 4x 1 .

2
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;cMnYnBit a nig b
tag Q(x) CaplEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 2
eK)ansmIkar x 4x + ax + b = (x 4x + 3)Q(x) + 4x 1
4 3 2
eyIgdwgfa x 4x + 3 = 0 x = 1 , x = 3
2
1 2
ehtuenHebI x = 1 eK)an 1 4 + a + b = 4 1 b a + b = 6 (1)

ebI x = 3 eK)an 3 4.3 + 3a + b = 12 1 b 3a + b = 38 (2)
4 3
dksmIkar (1) nig (2) Gg nig GgeK)an 2a = 32 a = 16

ehIytam (1) eK)an b = 6 a = 6 16 = 10 .
dUcenH a = 16 , b = 10 .
- 50 -
CMBUkTI3 cMnYnkMupic
emeronsegb
cMnYnkMupic
1-smIkardWeRkTIBIrmanmYyGBaat
k-niymn&y
smIkarEdlmanragTUeTA ax + bx + c = 0 ehAfasmIkardWeRkTIBIrmanmYyGBaat
2
Edl x CaGBaat ehIyelxemKuN a , b , c CacMnYnefr nig a 0 .

x-dMeNaRsaysmIkardWeRkTIBIr
sntfaeKmansmIkar ax + bx + c = 0 , a 0
2
DIsRKImINg;smIkar = b 4ac2
-ebI > 0 smIkarmanbsBIrCacMnYnBitepSgKaKW

b+ b
x1 = ; x2 =
2a 2a
-ebI = 0 smIkarmanbsDb x = x = 2ba
1 2
-ebI < 0 smIkarmanbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnkMupicqas;Ka

b+i bi
x1 = ; x2 =
2a 2a
- 51 -
K-TMnakTMngs nig elxemKuN
ebI nig Cabsrbs;smIkar ax + bx + c = 0 , a 0 enaHeKman
2
-plbUkbs S = + = ba
-plKuNbs P = . = ac
X-muFaKNnasnsmIkardWeRkTIBIrgay
]bmafaeKmansmIkardWeRkTIBIr ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , a 0
-ebI a + b + c = 0 smIkarmanbs x1 = 1 ; x 2 = ac
-ebI b = a + c smIkarmanbs x1 = 1 , x 2 = ac
g-rUbmndakCaplKuNkta
ebI nig Cabsrbs;smIkar ax 2
+ bx + c = 0 , a 0 enaHeK)an
ax 2 + bx + c = a( x )( x ) .
c-begItsmIkardWeRkTIBIr
ebIeKdwgplbUk + = S nig plKuN = P enaH nig CabssmIkar
dWeRkTIBIr x Sx + P = 0 .
2
- 52 -
2-vismPaB
k-lkNvismPaB
!> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a , b , c ebI a > b enaHeK)an a + c > b + c
b a c > b c .
@> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a , b , c eKman
-ebI a > b nig c > 0 enaH ac > bc
-ebI a > b nig c < 0 enaH ac < bc
x-vismPaBmFmnBVn nig mFmFrNImaRt
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a 0 nig b 0 eKman
a+b
ab .
2
vismPaBenHkayCasmPaBluHRtaEt a = b .
3-vismIkartmdacxat
ebI > 0 enaHeK)an
!> | ax + b |< ax + b < nig ax + b >
@> | ax + b |> ax + b > b ax + b <
#> | ax + b |= ax + b =
- 53 -
4-sBaarbseTVFadWeRkTImYy
cMeBaHeTVFa f (x) = ax + b man x = ba Cabs eKkMNt;sBaaeTVFaenH
eTAtamsBaarbs; a dUctaragxageRkam
b
x +
a
f ( x ) = ax + b sBaapyBI a sBaadUc a
5-sBaarbsRtIFadWeRkTIBIr
cMeBaHRtIFa f (x) = ax + bx + c manbsBIr nig Edl < .
2
x +
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c sBaadUc a sBaapyBI a sBaadUc a
6-cemIyvismIkardWeRkTIBIr
-krNI > 0 nig a > 0 mans , ( < )
k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIy x < , x > .
2
x> ax + bx + c < 0 mancemIy < x < .

2
K> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x , x .
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x .
2
- 54 -
-krNI = 0 nig a > 0 mansDb
k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIyRKb;cMnYnBitelIkElgEt x = 2ba
2
x> ax + bx + c < 0 KancemIy .

2
K> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIyRKb;cMnYnBitTaMgGs; .
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x = 2ba .

2
-krNI < 0 nig a > 0 mansCacMnYnkMupic

k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIyRKb;cMnYnBitTaMgGs; .
2

2
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 KancemIy .
2

eroberogeday lwm pln

Tel : ( 017 ) 768 246
- 55 -
kRmglMhateRCIserIs
!> eKmansmIkar x 2x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 6 .
4 2
@> eK[smIkar x x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .

2
cUrKNna A = + 2 +
5 3
#> eK[smIkar (E) : x 2(m + 1)x + 4m 9 = 0

2
k> bgajfa (E) manbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnBitCanicRKb;tm m .

x> kMNt;tm m edIm,I[ x + x = 2(x + x ) + 17 Edl x1 , x 2 Cabs .
1
2
2
2
1 2
$> eK[smIkar (E1 ) : x 2 + px + q = 0 nig (E 2 ) : x 2 + p' x + q' = 0

cUrrkTMnak;TMngrvag p , q , p' , q' edIm,I[ (E1 ) nig (E 2 ) manbsrYmmYy .
%> eK[smIkar (E1 ) : x 2 + px + q = 0 nig (E 2 ) : x 2 + p' x + q' = 0
^> eK[ a 0 , b 0 , c 0 .
k>cUrRsayfa a + b 2 ab nig c + a + b3 + c 2 c. a + b3 + c
x> edayeRbIvismPaBxagelIenHcUrRsayfa a + b + c 3 abc 3
&> eK[ a , b , c CacMnYnBitviCman .

cUrRsayfa (ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c)
2
- 56 -
*> eK[ a , b , x , y CacMnYnviCman nig a + b = 1 .
cUrbgajfa ax + by a x + b y .
(>eK[ a , b , c > 0 Edl abc 1 .
a2 b2 c2
cUrbgajfa (1 +
1+ a
)(1 +
1+ b
)(1 +
1+ c
)
27
8
!0> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrbgajfa
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
3
(a + b + c ) 2
a + b + c (a + b + c )
3 3 3
9
!!> eK[ a , b , c , d CabIcMnYnBitEdlepgpat;vismPaB
(a 2 + b 2 1)(c2 + d 2 1) > (ac + bd 1)2
cUrbgajfa a + b > 1 nig c + d > 1 .
2 2 2 2
!@> eK[ x , y , z > 0 Edl x + y + z = 1 .

x3 y3 z3
cUrRsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
!#> eKmansmIkar (E) : x 2 + px + q = 0
ebI x = 3
Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHcUrRsayfaeKmanTMnak;TMng
2 + (p 3 3pq ) + q = 0 .
3
- 57 -
!$> edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
!%> edaHRsaysmIkar
x2 x + 6 = x3 + 8

- 58 -
lMhatTI1
eKmansmIkar x 2x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 6 .
4 2
dMeNaRsay
KNna A = + 6
4 2
eday nig Cabs x 2x 1 = 0 enaHeK)an 2 1 = 0

2
2 (1)
2 2 1 = 0 ( 2)
tam (1) eKTaj = 2 + 1
2
elIkCakaereK)an = (2 + 1)
4 2
4 = 4 2 + 4 + 1
4 = 4( 2 + 1) + 4 + 1
4 = 12 + 5
tam (2) eKTaj = 2 + 1
2
eK)an A = + 6
4 2
= 12 + 5 + 6( 2 + 1)
= 12( + ) + 11
eday + = 2 enaH A = 12(2) + 11 = 35
dUcenH A = 35 .
- 59 -
lMhatTI2
eK[smIkar x x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 2 +
5 3
dMeNaRsay
KNna A = + 2 + 3
5 3
eday nig Cabsn x x 1 = 0 enaHeK)an 1 = 0

2
2
2 1 = 0
2 = + 1
b 2
= + 1
eKman A = 5
+ 2 3 +
= ( 2 ) 2 + 2 . 2 +
= ( + 1) 2 + 2( + 1) +
= ( 2 + 2 + 1) + 2 2 + 2 +
= ( + 1 + 2 + 1) + 2( + 1) + 3
= ( 3 + 2) + 5 + 2
= 3 2 + 2 + 5 + 2
= 3( + 1) + 2 + 5 + 2
= 5( + ) + 2
eday + = 1 enaH A = 5 + 2 = 7
dUcenH A = 7 .
- 60 -
lMhatTI3
eK[smIkar (E) : x 2(m + 1)x + 4m 9 = 0
2

1
2
2
2
1 2
dMeNaRsay
k> bgajfa (E) manbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnBitCanicRKb;tm m
DIsRKImINg;bRgYmnsmIkarKW
' = (m + 1) 2 (4m 9)
= m 2 + 2m + 1 4m + 9 = (m 1) 2 + 9 > 0 m IR
dUcenH (E) manbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnBitCanicRKb;tm m .
x> kMNt;tm m edIm,I[ x + x = 2(x + x ) + 18
1
2
2
2
1 2
eday x1 , x 2 CabsenaH x +x xx == 24(mm+91) ((12))

1 2
1 2
eKman x + x = 2(x + x ) + 17
1
2
2
2
1 2
( x 1 + x 2 ) 2 2x 1 x 2 = 2( x 1 + x 2 ) + 17 ( 3)
yksmIkar (1) & (2) CMnYskg (3) eK)an
4(m + 1) 2 2(4m 9) = 4(m + 1) + 17
4m 2 4m + 1 = 0
1
( 2m 1) 2 = 0 m =
2
- 61 -
lMhatTI4
eK[smIkar (E1 ) : x 2 + px + q = 0 nig (E 2 ) : x 2 + p' x + q' = 0
dMeNaRsay
rkTMnak;TMngrvag p , q , p' , q'
tag CabsrYmrbs;smIkar (E1 ) nig (E 2 ) enaHeK)an
2 + p + q = 0 (1)
2
+ p' + q' = 0 ( 2)
dksmIkar (1) & (2) eK)an (p p' ) + (q q' ) = 0
eKTaj = qp qp'' ykCMnYskgsmIkar (1) eK)an
2
q q' q q'
+ p +q=0
p p' p p'
(q q' ) 2 p(p p' )(q q' ) + q(p p' ) 2 = 0
(q q' ) 2 (p p' )[p(q q' ) q(p p' )] = 0
(q q' ) 2 (p p' )(p' q pq' ) = 0
dUcenH (q q' ) 2
= (p p' )(p' q pq' ) .
- 62 -
lMhatTI5
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc
tammFmnBVn nig mFmFrNImaRteKman
a+b
ab a + b 2 ab (1)
2
dUcKaEdreK)an b + c 2 bc (2) nig c + a 2 ac ( 3)
eFIVviFIKuNvismPaB (1) , (2) & (3) GgnigGgeK)an
(a + b )(b + c)(c + a ) 2 ab .2 bc .2 ac
(a + b )(b + c)(c + a ) 8 a 2 b 2 c 2 = 8abc
dUcenH (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc .
- 63 -
lMhatTI6
eK[ a 0 , b 0 , c 0 .
x> edayeRbIvismPaBxagelIenHcUrRsayfa a + b + c 3 abc
3
dMeNaRsay
k>Rsayfa a + b 2 ab nig c + a + b3 + c 2 c. a + b3 + c
]bmafa a + b 2 ab Bit
eK)an a + b 2 ab 0
( a )2 2 a . b + ( b )2 0
( a b )2 0 Bit
dUcenH a + b 2 ab .
RsaydUcKaEdr c + a + b3 + c 2 c.
a+b+c
3
.
x>Rsayfa a + b + c 3 abc
3
eKman a + b 2 ab (1)
a+b+c a+b+c
c+ 2 c. ( 2)
3 3
bUkvismPaB (1) & (2) Gg nig GgeK)an
- 64 -
a+b+c a+b+c
a+b+c+ 2( ab + c. )
3 3
4 a+b+c
(a + b + c) 2( ab + c. ) ( 3)
3 3
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
eday ab + c.
3
2 ab . c.
3
= 2 4 abc.
3
( 4)
tam (3) & (4) eK)an

4
(a + b + c ) 4 4 abc. a + b + c
3 3
a+b+c 3 4 abc. a + b + c
3
elIkGgTaMgBIrCasVyKuN 4 eK)an
a+b+c
(a + b + c) 4 81.abc.
3
(a + b + c) 3 27abc
dUcenH a + b + c 3 3
abc .
- 65 -
lMhatTI7
eK[ a , b , c CacMnYnBitviCman .
2
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa (ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c)
2
tamvismPaB mFmnBVn nig mFmFrNImaRteKman

a 2b 2 + b 2c 2
ab 2 c (1)
2
b 2c 2 + c 2a 2
abc 2 ( 2)
2
a 2b 2 + c 2a 2
a 2 bc ( 3)
2
bUkvismPaBTaMgenHGgnigGgeK)an
a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 ab 2 c + abc 2 + a 2 bc (4)
man (ab + bc + ca) = a b + b c + c a + 2(a bc + abc + a bc)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b a b + b c + c a = (ab + bc + ca) 2(ab c + abc + a bc)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
vismPaB (4) Gacsresr

(ab + bc + ca) 2 2(ab 2 c + abc 2 + a 2 bc ) a 2 bc + ab 2 c + abc 2
(ab + bc + ca ) 2 3(a 2bc + ab 2c + abc 2 )
dUcenH (ab + bc + ca) 2
3abc(a + b + c) .
- 66 -
lMhatTI8
eK[ a , b , x , y CacMnYnviCman nig a + b = 1 .
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa ax + by a x + b y
]bmafa ax + by a x + b y Bit
smmUl ax + by (a x + b y ) 2
ax + by a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y (1)
eday a + b = 1 enaH vismPaB (1) Gacsresr
(ax + by )(a + b ) a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y
a 2 x + abx + aby + b 2 y a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y
abx + aby 2ab xy 0
ab( x + y 2 xy ) 0
ab( x y ) 2 0 Bit
dUcenH ax + by a x + b y .
- 67 -
lMhatTI9
eK[ a , b , c > 0 Edl abc 1 .
2 2 2
cUrbgajfa (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 278
dMeNaRsay
a2 b2 c2
Rsayfa (1 +
1+ a
)(1 +
1+ b
)(1 +
1+ c
)
27
8
eKman a + 1 2a RKb; a > 0
2
eK)an 4a + 4a + 4 3a + 6a + 3 = 3(a + 1)
2 2 2
eKTaj a + a + 1 3(a 4+ 1)
2
2
b a a++a1+ 1 3(a4+ 1)
2
2
b 1 + 1a+ a 3 2a eRBaH a + 1 2 a
2 2
dUcKaEdr 1 + 1b+ b 3 2b nig 1 + 1c+ c 3 2 c
2 2 2
eK)an (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 27 8abc
edaysmtikm abc 1 enaH 27 8abc 278
2 2 2
dUcenH (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 278 .
- 68 -
lMhatTI10
eK[ a, b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrbgajfa
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
( a + b + c ) 2
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (a + b + c )3 9
dMeNaRsay
eKmansmPaB
a3 + b3 + c3 = (a + b + c)3 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a5 + b5 + c5 = (a + b + c)5 5(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab+ bc+ ca)
a 5 + b 5 + c 5 (a + b + c )5 5 2
= ( a + b 2
+ c 2
+ ab + bc + ca )
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (a + b + c )3 3
eyIgnwgRsayfa 5 2
3
10
(a + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)2
9
b 3(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) 2(a + b + c)
2 2 2 2
b a + b + c ab + bc + ca
2 2 2

a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2
ab , bc , ac
2 2 2
a 2 + b 2 b 2 + c2 c2 + a 2
enaH ab + bc + ca
2
+
2
+
2
= a 2 + b 2 + c2 Bit
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
dUcenH a + b + c (a + b + c )
3 3 3 3
(a + b + c ) 2
9
.
- 69 -
lMhatTI11
eK[ a , b , c , d CabIcMnYnBitEdlepgpat;vismPaB
(a 2 + b 2 1)(c 2 + d 2 1) > (ac + bd 1)2
2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa a + b > 1 nig c + d > 1
2 2 2 2
tag x = 1 a b nig y = 1 c d
2 2 2 2
eyIg]bmafa x 0 nig y 0
vismPaB (a + b 1)(c + d 1) > (ac + bd 1)
2 2 2 2 2
smmUl xy > (ac + bd 1) 2
b 4xy > (2ac + 2bd 2) 2
eday x + y = 2 a b c d 2 2 2 2
enaH 2ac + 2bd 2 = a b c d + 2ac + 2bd x y2 2 2 2
= [(a c)2 + (b d )2 + x + y ]
eKTaj 4xy > [(a c) + (b d) + (x + y )] (x + y )
2 2 2 2
b 4xy > x + 2xy + y

2 2
b (x y ) < 0 minBit . naM[kar]bmaxagelIpyBIkarBit .

2
dUcenHeKTaj x < 0 nig y < 0 naM[ a + b > 1 nig c + d > 1 . 2 2 2 2
- 70 -
lMhatTI12
eK[ x , y , z > 0 Edl x + y + z = 1 .
x3 y3 z3
cUrRsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
dMeNaRsay
x3 y3 z3
Rsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
x3 ( x 2x 2 + x 3 ) + ( 2x 2 x )
eKBinit (1 x )2
=
(1 x )2
2x 2 x
= x+
(1 x )2
(9x 2 6x + 1) (1 2x + x 2 )
= x+
4(1 x )2
( 3x 1)2 (1 x )2 1 ( 3x 1)2
= x+ = x +
4(1 x ) 2
4 4(1 x )2
( 3x 1)2 x3
eday 4(1 x)2 0 enaH (1 x)2 x 14 (1)
y3 z3
dUcKaEdr (1 y )2 y 4 (2) nig (1 z )2 z 14 (3)
1
bUkvismPaB (1) , (2) , (3) Gg nig GgeK)an

x3 y3 z3 3 3 1
+ +
(1 x ) (1 y ) (1 z )
2 2 2
x + y + z
4
= 1 =
4 4
Bit .
- 71 -
lMhatTI13
eKmansmIkar (E) : x + px + q = 0
2
ebI x = Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHcUrRsayfaeKmanTMnak;TMng

3
+ (p 3pq ) + q = 0 .
2 3 3
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa + (p 3pq) + q = 0
2 3 3
ebI x = Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHeK)an

3 3
2 + p 3 + q = 0 .
tamsmPaB
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3abc = (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca)
ebIeKyk a = 3
2 , b = p3 , c = q eK)an
2 + p 3 + q 3 3pq = 0 eRBaH 3
2 + p 3 + q = 0
dUcenH 2 + (p 3 3pq ) + q 3 = 0 Bit .
- 72 -
lMhatTI14
edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
dMeNaRsay
edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
smIkarmannyluHRtaEt x 3x + 2 0
2
naM[ x 1 b x 2 .
tag t = x 3x + 2 smIkarGacsresr
2
t2 + 2 3
= t b t ( 6 + 2 )t + 2 3 = 0
2
6+ 2
= ( 6 + 2 )2 8 3 = ( 6 2 )2
eKTajbs t = 2 , t = 6
1 2
-cMeBaH t = 2 enaH x 2 3x + 2 = 2 b x 2 3x = 0 x1 = 0 , x 2 = 3
-cMeBaH t = 6 enaH x 2 3x + 2 = 6 b x 3x 4 = 0 x = 1 , x = 4
2
1 2
dUcenH x { 1 , 0 , 3 , 4 } .
- 73 -
lMhatTI15
edaHRsaysmIkar x 2
x + 6 = x3 + 8
dMeNaRsay
edaHRsaysmIkar
eKman x x + 6 =
2
x3 + 8
x 2 x + 6 = ( x + 2)( x 2 2x + 4)
smIkarmannyluHRtaEt (x + 2)(x 2x + 4) 0
2
eday x 2x + 4 > 0 CanicRKb; x IR eBaH a = 1 > 0 , = 12 < 0

2
ehtuenHeKRtUv[ x + 2 0 x 2 .
tag u = x + 2 , v = x 2x + 4 2
smIkarGacsresr u + v 2 uv ( u v ) = 0 b u = v 2
eK)an x + 2 = x 2x + 4
2
b x + 3x 2 = 0 eday a + b + c = 0 x = 1 , x = ac = 2
2
1 2
dUcenH x = 1 , x = 2 .
1 2
- 74 -
CMBUkTI4 smIkar nig vismIkar
emeronsegb
smIkar nig vismIkar
1-smIkardWeRkTIBIrmanmYyGBaat
k-niymn&y
smIkarEdlmanragTUeTA ax + bx + c = 0 ehAfasmIkardWeRkTIBIrmanmYyGBaat
2
Edl x CaGBaat ehIyelxemKuN a , b , c CacMnYnefr nig a 0 .

x-dMeNaRsaysmIkardWeRkTIBIr
sntfaeKmansmIkar ax + bx + c = 0 , a 0
2
DIsRKImINg;smIkar = b 4ac2
-ebI > 0 smIkarmanbsBIrCacMnYnBitepSgKaKW

b+ b
x1 = ; x2 =
2a 2a
-ebI = 0 smIkarmanbsDb x = x = 2ba
1 2
-ebI < 0 smIkarmanbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnkMupicqas;Ka

b+i bi
x1 = ; x2 =
2a 2a
- 75 -
K-TMnakTMngs nig elxemKuN
ebI nig Cabsrbs;smIkar ax + bx + c = 0 , a 0 enaHeKman
2
-plbUkbs S = + = ba
-plKuNbs P = . = ac
X-muFaKNnasnsmIkardWeRkTIBIrgay
]bmafaeKmansmIkardWeRkTIBIr ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , a 0
-ebI a + b + c = 0 smIkarmanbs x1 = 1 ; x 2 = ac
-ebI b = a + c smIkarmanbs x1 = 1 , x 2 = ac
g-rUbmndakCaplKuNkta
ebI nig Cabsrbs;smIkar ax 2
+ bx + c = 0 , a 0 enaHeK)an
ax 2 + bx + c = a( x )( x ) .
c-begItsmIkardWeRkTIBIr
ebIeKdwgplbUk + = S nig plKuN = P enaH nig CabssmIkar
dWeRkTIBIr x Sx + P = 0 .
2
- 76 -
2-vismPaB
k-lkNvismPaB
!> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a , b , c ebI a > b enaHeK)an a + c > b + c
b a c > b c .
@> cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a , b , c eKman
-ebI a > b nig c > 0 enaH ac > bc
-ebI a > b nig c < 0 enaH ac < bc
x-vismPaBmFmnBVn nig mFmFrNImaRt
cMeBaHRKb;cMnYnBit a 0 nig b 0 eKman
a+b
ab .
2
vismPaBenHkayCasmPaBluHRtaEt a = b .
3-vismIkartmdacxat
ebI > 0 enaHeK)an
!> | ax + b |< ax + b < nig ax + b >
@> | ax + b |> ax + b > b ax + b <
#> | ax + b |= ax + b =
- 77 -
4-sBaarbseTVFadWeRkTImYy
cMeBaHeTVFa f (x) = ax + b man x = ba Cabs eKkMNt;sBaaeTVFaenH
eTAtamsBaarbs; a dUctaragxageRkam
b
x +
a
f ( x ) = ax + b sBaapyBI a sBaadUc a
5-sBaarbsRtIFadWeRkTIBIr
cMeBaHRtIFa f (x) = ax + bx + c manbsBIr nig Edl < .
2
x +
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c sBaadUc a sBaapyBI a sBaadUc a
6-cemIyvismIkardWeRkTIBIr
-krNI > 0 nig a > 0 mans , ( < )
k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIy x < , x > .
2
x> ax + bx + c < 0 mancemIy < x < .

2
K> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x , x .
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x .
2
- 78 -
-krNI = 0 nig a > 0 mansDb
k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIyRKb;cMnYnBitelIkElgEt x = 2ba
2

2
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 mancemIy x = 2ba .

2
-krNI < 0 nig a > 0 mansCacMnYnkMupic

k> ax + bx + c > 0 mancemIyRKb;cMnYnBitTaMgGs; .
2

2
2
X> ax + bx + c 0 KancemIy .
2

eroberogeday lwm pln

Tel : ( 017 ) 768 246
- 79 -
kRmglMhateRCIserIs
!> eKmansmIkar x 2x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 6 .
4 2
@> eK[smIkar x x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .

2
cUrKNna A = + 2 +
5 3
#> eK[smIkar (E) : x 2(m + 1)x + 4m 9 = 0

2

1
2
2
2
1 2
$> eK[smIkar (E1 ) : x 2 + px + q = 0 nig (E 2 ) : x 2 + p' x + q' = 0

%> eK[smIkar (E1 ) : x 2 + px + q = 0 nig (E 2 ) : x 2 + p' x + q' = 0
^> eK[ a 0 , b 0 , c 0 .
&> eK[ a , b , c CacMnYnBitviCman .

2
- 80 -
*> eK[ a , b , x , y CacMnYnviCman nig a + b = 1 .
(>eK[ a , b , c > 0 Edl abc 1 .
a2 b2 c2
cUrbgajfa (1 +
1+ a
)(1 +
1+ b
)(1 +
1+ c
)
27
8
!0> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrbgajfa
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
3
(a + b + c ) 2
a + b + c (a + b + c )
3 3 3
9
!!> eK[ a , b , c , d CabIcMnYnBitEdlepgpat;vismPaB
(a 2 + b 2 1)(c2 + d 2 1) > (ac + bd 1)2
2 2 2 2
!@> eK[ x , y , z > 0 Edl x + y + z = 1 .

x3 y3 z3
cUrRsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
!#> eKmansmIkar (E) : x 2 + px + q = 0
ebI x = 3
Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHcUrRsayfaeKmanTMnak;TMng
2 + (p 3 3pq ) + q = 0 .
3
- 81 -
!$> edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
!%> edaHRsaysmIkar
x2 x + 6 = x3 + 8

- 82 -
lMhatTI1
eKmansmIkar x 2x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 6 .
4 2
dMeNaRsay
KNna A = + 6
4 2
eday nig Cabs x 2x 1 = 0 enaHeK)an 2 1 = 0

2
2 (1)
2 2 1 = 0 ( 2)
tam (1) eKTaj = 2 + 1
2
elIkCakaereK)an = (2 + 1)
4 2
4 = 4 2 + 4 + 1
4 = 4( 2 + 1) + 4 + 1
4 = 12 + 5
tam (2) eKTaj = 2 + 1
2
eK)an A = + 6
4 2
= 12 + 5 + 6( 2 + 1)
= 12( + ) + 11
eday + = 2 enaH A = 12(2) + 11 = 35
dUcenH A = 35 .
- 83 -
lMhatTI2
eK[smIkar x x 1 = 0 manbstageday nig .
2
cUrKNna A = + 2 +
5 3
dMeNaRsay
KNna A = + 2 + 3
5 3
eday nig Cabsn x x 1 = 0 enaHeK)an 1 = 0

2
2
2 1 = 0
2 = + 1
b 2
= + 1
eKman A = 5
+ 2 3 +
= ( 2 ) 2 + 2 . 2 +
= ( + 1) 2 + 2( + 1) +
= ( 2 + 2 + 1) + 2 2 + 2 +
= ( + 1 + 2 + 1) + 2( + 1) + 3
= ( 3 + 2) + 5 + 2
= 3 2 + 2 + 5 + 2
= 3( + 1) + 2 + 5 + 2
= 5( + ) + 2
eday + = 1 enaH A = 5 + 2 = 7
dUcenH A = 7 .
- 84 -
lMhatTI3
eK[smIkar (E) : x 2(m + 1)x + 4m 9 = 0
2

1
2
2
2
1 2
dMeNaRsay
k> bgajfa (E) manbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnBitCanicRKb;tm m
DIsRKImINg;bRgYmnsmIkarKW
' = (m + 1) 2 (4m 9)
= m 2 + 2m + 1 4m + 9 = (m 1) 2 + 9 > 0 m IR
dUcenH (E) manbsBIrepSgKaCacMnYnBitCanicRKb;tm m .
x> kMNt;tm m edIm,I[ x + x = 2(x + x ) + 18
1
2
2
2
1 2
eday x1 , x 2 CabsenaH x +x xx == 24(mm+91) ((12))

1 2
1 2
eKman x + x = 2(x + x ) + 17
1
2
2
2
1 2
( x 1 + x 2 ) 2 2x 1 x 2 = 2( x 1 + x 2 ) + 17 ( 3)
4(m + 1) 2 2(4m 9) = 4(m + 1) + 17
4m 2 4m + 1 = 0
1
( 2m 1) 2 = 0 m =
2
- 85 -
lMhatTI4
dMeNaRsay
rkTMnak;TMngrvag p , q , p' , q'
tag CabsrYmrbs;smIkar (E1 ) nig (E 2 ) enaHeK)an
2 + p + q = 0 (1)
2
+ p' + q' = 0 ( 2)
dksmIkar (1) & (2) eK)an (p p' ) + (q q' ) = 0
eKTaj = qp qp'' ykCMnYskgsmIkar (1) eK)an
2
q q' q q'
+ p +q=0
p p' p p'
(q q' ) 2 p(p p' )(q q' ) + q(p p' ) 2 = 0
(q q' ) 2 (p p' )[p(q q' ) q(p p' )] = 0
(q q' ) 2 (p p' )(p' q pq' ) = 0
dUcenH (q q' ) 2
= (p p' )(p' q pq' ) .
- 86 -
lMhatTI5
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc
tammFmnBVn nig mFmFrNImaRteKman
a+b
ab a + b 2 ab (1)
2
dUcKaEdreK)an b + c 2 bc (2) nig c + a 2 ac ( 3)
eFIVviFIKuNvismPaB (1) , (2) & (3) GgnigGgeK)an
(a + b )(b + c)(c + a ) 2 ab .2 bc .2 ac
(a + b )(b + c)(c + a ) 8 a 2 b 2 c 2 = 8abc
dUcenH (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc .
- 87 -
lMhatTI6
eK[ a 0 , b 0 , c 0 .
dMeNaRsay
k>Rsayfa a + b 2 ab nig c + a + b3 + c 2 c. a + b3 + c
]bmafa a + b 2 ab Bit
eK)an a + b 2 ab 0
( a )2 2 a . b + ( b )2 0
( a b )2 0 Bit
dUcenH a + b 2 ab .
RsaydUcKaEdr c + a + b3 + c 2 c.
a+b+c
3
.
x>Rsayfa a + b + c 3 abc
3
eKman a + b 2 ab (1)
a+b+c a+b+c
c+ 2 c. ( 2)
3 3
bUkvismPaB (1) & (2) Gg nig GgeK)an
- 88 -
a+b+c a+b+c
a+b+c+ 2( ab + c. )
3 3
4 a+b+c
(a + b + c) 2( ab + c. ) ( 3)
3 3
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
eday ab + c.
3
2 ab . c.
3
= 2 4 abc.
3
( 4)
tam (3) & (4) eK)an

4
(a + b + c ) 4 4 abc. a + b + c
3 3
a+b+c 3 4 abc. a + b + c
3
elIkGgTaMgBIrCasVyKuN 4 eK)an
a+b+c
(a + b + c) 4 81.abc.
3
(a + b + c) 3 27abc
dUcenH a + b + c 3 3
abc .
- 89 -
lMhatTI7
eK[ a , b , c CacMnYnBitviCman .
2
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa (ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c)
2

a 2b 2 + b 2c 2
ab 2 c (1)
2
b 2c 2 + c 2a 2
abc 2 ( 2)
2
a 2b 2 + c 2a 2
a 2 bc ( 3)
2
bUkvismPaBTaMgenHGgnigGgeK)an
a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 ab 2 c + abc 2 + a 2 bc (4)
man (ab + bc + ca) = a b + b c + c a + 2(a bc + abc + a bc)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b a b + b c + c a = (ab + bc + ca) 2(ab c + abc + a bc)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
vismPaB (4) Gacsresr

(ab + bc + ca) 2 2(ab 2 c + abc 2 + a 2 bc ) a 2 bc + ab 2 c + abc 2
(ab + bc + ca ) 2 3(a 2bc + ab 2c + abc 2 )
dUcenH (ab + bc + ca) 2
3abc(a + b + c) .
- 90 -
lMhatTI8
eK[ a , b , x , y CacMnYnviCman nig a + b = 1 .
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa ax + by a x + b y
]bmafa ax + by a x + b y Bit
smmUl ax + by (a x + b y ) 2
ax + by a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y (1)
eday a + b = 1 enaH vismPaB (1) Gacsresr
(ax + by )(a + b ) a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y
a 2 x + abx + aby + b 2 y a 2 x + 2ab xy + b 2 y
abx + aby 2ab xy 0
ab( x + y 2 xy ) 0
ab( x y ) 2 0 Bit
dUcenH ax + by a x + b y .
- 91 -
lMhatTI9
eK[ a , b , c > 0 Edl abc 1 .
2 2 2
cUrbgajfa (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 278
dMeNaRsay
a2 b2 c2
Rsayfa (1 +
1+ a
)(1 +
1+ b
)(1 +
1+ c
)
27
8
eKman a + 1 2a RKb; a > 0
2
eK)an 4a + 4a + 4 3a + 6a + 3 = 3(a + 1)
2 2 2
eKTaj a + a + 1 3(a 4+ 1)
2
2
b a a++a1+ 1 3(a4+ 1)
2
2
b 1 + 1a+ a 3 2a eRBaH a + 1 2 a
2 2
dUcKaEdr 1 + 1b+ b 3 2b nig 1 + 1c+ c 3 2 c
2 2 2
eK)an (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 27 8abc
edaysmtikm abc 1 enaH 27 8abc 278
2 2 2
dUcenH (1 + 1a+ a )(1 + 1b+ b )(1 + 1c+ c ) 278 .
- 92 -
lMhatTI10
eK[ a, b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrbgajfa
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
( a + b + c ) 2
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (a + b + c )3 9
dMeNaRsay
eKmansmPaB
a3 + b3 + c3 = (a + b + c)3 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
a5 + b5 + c5 = (a + b + c)5 5(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)(a2 + b2 + c2 + ab+ bc+ ca)
a 5 + b 5 + c 5 (a + b + c )5 5 2
= ( a + b 2
+ c 2
+ ab + bc + ca )
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 (a + b + c )3 3
eyIgnwgRsayfa 5 2
3
10
(a + b 2 + c 2 + ab + bc + ca) (a + b + c)2
9
b 3(a + b + c + ab + bc + ca) 2(a + b + c)
2 2 2 2
b a + b + c ab + bc + ca
2 2 2

a2 + b2 b2 + c2 c2 + a2
ab , bc , ac
2 2 2
a 2 + b 2 b 2 + c2 c2 + a 2
enaH ab + bc + ca
2
+
2
+
2
= a 2 + b 2 + c2 Bit
a5 + b 5 + c5 (a + b + c)5 10
dUcenH a + b + c (a + b + c )
3 3 3 3
(a + b + c ) 2
9
.
- 93 -
lMhatTI11
eK[ a , b , c , d CabIcMnYnBitEdlepgpat;vismPaB
(a 2 + b 2 1)(c 2 + d 2 1) > (ac + bd 1)2
2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
bgajfa a + b > 1 nig c + d > 1
2 2 2 2
tag x = 1 a b nig y = 1 c d
2 2 2 2
eyIg]bmafa x 0 nig y 0
vismPaB (a + b 1)(c + d 1) > (ac + bd 1)
2 2 2 2 2
smmUl xy > (ac + bd 1) 2
b 4xy > (2ac + 2bd 2) 2
eday x + y = 2 a b c d 2 2 2 2
enaH 2ac + 2bd 2 = a b c d + 2ac + 2bd x y2 2 2 2
= [(a c)2 + (b d )2 + x + y ]
eKTaj 4xy > [(a c) + (b d) + (x + y )] (x + y )
2 2 2 2
b 4xy > x + 2xy + y

2 2
b (x y ) < 0 minBit . naM[kar]bmaxagelIpyBIkarBit .

2
dUcenHeKTaj x < 0 nig y < 0 naM[ a + b > 1 nig c + d > 1 . 2 2 2 2
- 94 -
lMhatTI12
eK[ x , y , z > 0 Edl x + y + z = 1 .
x3 y3 z3
cUrRsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
dMeNaRsay
x3 y3 z3
Rsayfa (1 x)2 + (1 y )2 + (1 z )2 14
x3 ( x 2x 2 + x 3 ) + ( 2x 2 x )
eKBinit (1 x )2
=
(1 x )2
2x 2 x
= x+
(1 x )2
(9x 2 6x + 1) (1 2x + x 2 )
= x+
4(1 x )2
( 3x 1)2 (1 x )2 1 ( 3x 1)2
= x+ = x +
4(1 x ) 2
4 4(1 x )2
( 3x 1)2 x3
eday 4(1 x)2 0 enaH (1 x)2 x 14 (1)
y3 z3
dUcKaEdr (1 y )2 y 4 (2) nig (1 z )2 z 14 (3)
1
bUkvismPaB (1) , (2) , (3) Gg nig GgeK)an

x3 y3 z3 3 3 1
+ +
(1 x ) (1 y ) (1 z )
2 2 2
x + y + z
4
= 1 =
4 4
Bit .
- 95 -
lMhatTI13
eKmansmIkar (E) : x + px + q = 0
2
ebI x = Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHcUrRsayfaeKmanTMnak;TMng

3
+ (p 3pq ) + q = 0 .
2 3 3
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa + (p 3pq) + q = 0
2 3 3
ebI x = Cabsrbs;smIkar (E) enaHeK)an

3 3
2 + p 3 + q = 0 .
tamsmPaB
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3abc = (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca)
ebIeKyk a = 3
2 , b = p3 , c = q eK)an
2 + p 3 + q 3 3pq = 0 eRBaH 3
2 + p 3 + q = 0
dUcenH 2 + (p 3 3pq ) + q 3 = 0 Bit .
- 96 -
lMhatTI14
edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
dMeNaRsay
edaHRsaysmIkar
x 2 3x + 2(1 + 3 )
= x 2 3x + 2
6+ 2
smIkarmannyluHRtaEt x 3x + 2 0
2
naM[ x 1 b x 2 .
tag t = x 3x + 2 smIkarGacsresr
2
t2 + 2 3
= t b t ( 6 + 2 )t + 2 3 = 0
2
6+ 2
= ( 6 + 2 )2 8 3 = ( 6 2 )2
eKTajbs t = 2 , t = 6
1 2
-cMeBaH t = 2 enaH x 2 3x + 2 = 2 b x 2 3x = 0 x1 = 0 , x 2 = 3
-cMeBaH t = 6 enaH x 2 3x + 2 = 6 b x 3x 4 = 0 x = 1 , x = 4
2
1 2
dUcenH x { 1 , 0 , 3 , 4 } .
- 97 -
lMhatTI15
edaHRsaysmIkar x 2
x + 6 = x3 + 8
dMeNaRsay
edaHRsaysmIkar
eKman x x + 6 =
2
x3 + 8
x 2 x + 6 = ( x + 2)( x 2 2x + 4)
smIkarmannyluHRtaEt (x + 2)(x 2x + 4) 0
2
eday x 2x + 4 > 0 CanicRKb; x IR eBaH a = 1 > 0 , = 12 < 0

2
ehtuenHeKRtUv[ x + 2 0 x 2 .
tag u = x + 2 , v = x 2x + 4 2
smIkarGacsresr u + v 2 uv ( u v ) = 0 b u = v 2
eK)an x + 2 = x 2x + 4
2
b x + 3x 2 = 0 eday a + b + c = 0 x = 1 , x = ac = 2
2
1 2
dUcenH x = 1 , x = 2 .
1 2
- 98 -
CMBUkTI5 GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt
emeronsegb
GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt nig karGnuvtn_
1-niymn&y
kgRKb;RtIekaNEkg ABC ebI A CamMuRsYcmYyenaHeKmanTMnak;TMng
dUcxageRkam C
A B
BC AC
sin A = ; cos A =
AB AB
BC AC
tan A = ; cot A =
AC BC
2-TMnakTMngrvagpleFobRtIekaNmaRt
sin A cos A
tan A = ; cot A =
cos A sin A
1
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1 ; tan A =
cot A
1 1
1 + tan 2 A = ; 1 + cot 2
A =
cos 2 A sin 2 A
- 99 -
3-taragtmpleFobRtIekaNmaRtnmMuBiess
0o 30o 45o 60o 90o 120o 135o 150o 180o
1 2 3 3 2 1
sin 0 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 1 1 2 3
cos 1 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
tan 0 3 1 3 minkMNt;t; 3 1
3 0
3 3
4-RTwsIbTsIunUs
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c carwkkg
rgVg;mYymanpit O nigkaM R .
A
B C
eKmanTMnak;TMng a
=
b
=
c
sin A sin B sin C
= 2R .
- 100 -
5-RTwsIbTkUsIunUs
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
A
c b
B a C
eKmanTMnak;TMngdUcxageRkam
a 2 = b 2 + c2 2bccos A
b 2 = c 2 + a 2 2accos B
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C
6-pRkLaRtIekaN
k-krNIsal;RCugBIr nig mMumYy
pRkLa S nRtIekaN ABC mYykMNt;eday
1 1 1
S = bcsin A = acsin B = ab sin C
2 2 2
x-krNIsal;RCugTaMgbI rUbmnehr:ug
pRkLa S nRtIekaN ABC mYykMNt;eday
a+b+c
S = p(p a)(p b)(p c) Edl p = .
2
- 101 -
kRmglMhateRCIserIs
!> eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg; C . eKdwgfa AB = 10 cm
nig sin A + sin B = 75 .
cUrkMNt;RCug AC nig BC rYcTajrk tan A nig tan B .
@> edaydwgfa tan = 125 nig 0 < < 90 .
o o
cUrKNnatmn cos , sin nig cot .

#> cUrKNna A = sin x + 4cos x + cos x + 4sin x
4 2 4 2
B = (a sin x + b cos x)2 + (a cos x b sin x)2
$> eKdwgfa tan x =

b
a
.
cos x sin 4 x
4
cUrRsayfa a
+
b
=
1
a+b
%> eKdwgfa sin x + cos x =
41
29
.
cUrKNnaplKuN sin x.cos x rYcTajrk sin x nig cos x .
^> eKdwgfa tan x + cot x = a Edl 0 < x < 90 nig a 2 .
o
cUrKNna tan x + cot x CaGnuKmn_n a .

3 3
&> cMeBaHRKb; x IR cUrRsaybBaak;smPaB

k> sin x + cos x = 1 3sin x cos x
6 6 2 2
- 102 -
x> 14 (sin x + cos x) 12 (sin x + cos x) + 14 = 12 sin x cos
8 8 4 4 4 4
x
*> eKdwgfa cosa = nm+ p , cosb = p +nm , cosc = mp+ n

cUrKNnakenSam
sin 2 a sin 2 b sin 2 c
M= + +
2 + 2cosa sin a 2 + 2cosb sin b 2 + 2cosc sin 2 c
2 2
(>cUrRsaybBaak;fa | a cos x + b sin x | a + b

2 2
!0> eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .

cUrRsaybBaak;smPaB
a2 + b 2 + c2
bccos A + accos B + ab cosC =
2
!!> eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
tag R nig S erogKaCakaM nig pRkLanRtIekaN ABC enH .
R(sin A + sin B + sin C)
2 2 2
cUrRsayfa cosa A + cosb B + cosC c
=
4S
!@> kgRKb;RtIekaN ABC cUrRsayfa
(sin A + sin B + sin C)2
(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) =
2
!#> kgRKb;RtIekaNcUrRsayfa
(p a)(p b)(p c)
2
(1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cos C) = 8

abc
a+b+c
Edl a,b,c CaRCugRtIekaN ABC nig
p=
2
.
- 103 -
!$> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
2
k> cUrRsaybBaak;fa 1 cos A 2bc
a
Edl a , b , c CaRCugRtIekaN ABC .

x> TajbBaak;fa (1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cosC) 18
!%> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
k> cUrRsaybBaak;fa sin A = sin B + sin C 2sin B sin Ccos A
2 2 2
x> TajbBaak;fa
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C
cot A + cot B + cot C =
2sin A sin B sin C
!^> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMu A ,B ,C CamMuRsYcEdlepgpat;smPaB
1 1 1
.
1
cot A + cot B + cot C = + +
2 sin A sin B sin C
cUrRsayfa ABC CaRtIekaNsmgS ?
!&> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug AB = 5cm nigpRkLa S = 6cm . 2
KNnatm cot A + cot B .

!*> tag R CakaMrgVg;carwkkg nig S CapRkLanRtIekaN ABC mYy .
2
k> cUrRsayfa (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) = 2RS
x> ebI ABC CamMuRsYcenaHcUrTaj[)anfa cos A cos B cosC 18 .
- 104 -
!(> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c carwkkg
rgVg;mYymanpit O nig kaM R . tag S nig S CapRkLan OBC
OBC
nig ABC erogKa . sntfa A ,B ,C CamMuRsYc .

k> cUrRsayfa S = 14 a cot A .
OBC
2
x> cUrTajbgajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 4S .

2 2 2
K> cUrTajbgajfa acos A + b cos B + ccosC = 2Rabc

. 2
@0> eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .

tag p = a + b2 + c CaknHbrimaRt ehIy r nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkkg nig kaM
rgVg;carwkeRkAnRtIekaN ABC erogKa .
cUrRsaybBaak;fa
k> ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR
2 2
x> a + b + c = 2p 2r 8rR
2 2 2 2 2
K> a + b + c 3abc = 2p(p 3r 12rR)

3 3 3 2 2
@!>eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy . D CacMNucmYYnRCug [BC] Edl BAD =

nig DAC = .
BC sin sin
cUrRsaybBaak;fa AD = +
sin B sin C
?
- 105 -
lMhatTI1
eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg; C . eKdwgfa AB = 10 cm
nig sin A + sin B = 75 .
cUrkMNt;RCug AC nig BC rYcTajrk tan A nig tan B .
dMeNaRsay
kMNt;RCug AC nig BC
A
c = 10 cm
b
C a B
tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c = 10 cm
tamRTwsIbTBItaKrkgRtIekaNEkg ABC eKman a + b = c
2 2 2
eday c = 10 enaH a + b = 100 (1)

2 2
ma:geTottamniymny sin A = BC =
AB 10
a
; sin B =
AC b
=
AB 10
eday sin A + sin B = 75 enaH 10a + 10b = 75 b a + b = 14 (2)
- 106 -
TMnak;TMng (1) Gacsresr (a + b) 2ab = 100
2
b ab = (a +2b) 50 = 142 50 = 48 (3)

2 2
tam (2) nig (3) eK)anRbBnsmIkar aab+ =b 48

= 14

tamRTwsIbTEvtnaM[ a nig b CabssmIkar X S X + P = 0
2
b X 14X + 48 = 0
2
' = 49 48 = 1 eKTajbs X = 7 1 = 6 ; X = 7 + 1 = 8
1 2
dUcenH a = 6 , b = 8 b a = 8 , b = 6 .
Tajrk tan A nig tan B
-krNI a = 6 , b = 8 eK)an
a 6 3
tan A = = =
b 8 4
ni g tan B = = = .
b 8 4
a 6 3
-krNI a = 8 , b = 6 eK)an
a 8 4
tan A = = =
b 6 3
ni g b 6 3
tan B = = =
a 8 4
.
- 107 -
lMhatTI2
edaydwgfa tan = 125 nig 0 < < 90 .
o o
cUrKNnatmn cos , sin nig cot .

dMeNaRsay
KNnatmn cos , sin nig cot
eKman tan = 125 nig 0 < < 90
o o
tamTMnak;TMng 1 + tan = cos1

2
2
eKTaj cos = 1 + tan

2 1

=
2
1
=
144
2
5
169
1+
12
eday 0 < < 90 enaH cos > 0
o o
dUcenH cos = 12
13
.
sin
ehIytamTMnak;TMng tan = cos
eKTaj sin = tan cos = 125 . 13
12 5
=
13
rY c cot =
1
=
tan 5
12
.
dUcenH cos = 12
13
; sin =
5
13
; cot =
12
5
.
- 108 -
lMhatTI3
cUrKNna A = sin 4 x + 4cos 2 x + cos4 x + 4sin 2 x
B = (asin x + b cos x)2 + (acos x b sin x)2

dMeNaRsay
KNna A nig B
A = sin 4 x + 4cos 2 x + cos4 x + 4sin 2 x
eday sin x + cos x = 1 enaH sin x = 1 cos x b cos x = 1 sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
x
eK)an A = sin x + 4(1 sin x) + cos x + 4(1 cos x)
4 2 4 2
= sin 4 x 4sin 2 x + 4 + cos4 x 4cos 2 x + 4

= (sin 2 x 2)2 + (cos 2 x 2)2
=| sin 2 x 2 | + | cos 2 x 2 |
eday 0 sin x 1 nig 0 cos x 1
2 2
eK)an A = (sin x 2) (cos x 2)

2 2
= 4 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) = 4 1 = 3 .
B = (a sin x + b cos x)2 + (a cos x b sin x)2
= a 2 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) + b 2 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x)
= a2 + b2
dUcenH A = 3 , B = a2 + b2 .
- 109 -
lMhatTI4
eKdwgfa tan x = b
a
.
cos 4 x sin 4 x
cUrRsayfa a
+
b
=
1
a+b
dMeNaRsay
4 4
Rsayfa cosa x + sinb x = a +1 b
eKman tan x = b
a
naM[
tan 2 x =
b
a
eday
tan x =
cos x
sin x
sin 2 x b cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x
eK)an cos 2 x a
= b a
=
b
=
a+b
=
1
a+b
2 4
eKTaj cos x
a
=
1
a+b
naM[
cos
a
=
a
(a + b)2
(1)
sin 2 x sin 4
ehIy b
= naM[
1
a+b b
=
b
(a + b)2
(2)
bUksmPaB (1) nig (2) Gg nig GgeK)an

cos 4 x sin 4 x a b a+b 1
+ = + = =
a b (a + b)2 (a + b)2 (a + b)2 a + b
cos 4 x sin 4 x
dUcenH a
+
b
=
1
a+b
.
- 110 -
lMhatTI5
eKdwgfa sin x + cos x = 29
41
.
cUrKNnaplKuN sin x.cos x rYcTajrk sin x nig cos x .
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN sin x.cos x
eKman (sin x + cos x) = sin x + 2sin x cos x + cos x
2 2 2
eday sin x + cos x = 2941

nig sin x + cos x = 1
2 2
412 29 2 840
2
41
eK)an = 1 + 2sin x cos x b 2sin x cos x =
292
=
29 841
dUcenH sin x.cos x =
420
841
.
Tajrk sin x nig cos x
edayeKman sin x + cos x = 2941
nig sin x.cos x = 420
841
enaH sin x nig cos x
CabssmIkar X 29
2 41
X+
420
841
=0 .
bnab;BIedaHRsaysmIkarenHeK)an X = 20 1
29
; X =2
21
29
dUcenH sin x = 20
29
; cos x =
21
29
b sin x =
21
29
; cos x =
20
29
.
- 111 -
lMhatTI6
eKdwgfa tan x + cot x = a Edl 0 < x < 90 nig a 2 . o
cUrKNna tan x + cot x CaGnuKmn_n a .

3 3
dMeNaRsay
KNna tan x + cot x CaGnuKmn_n a
3 3
eKman tan x + cot x = a

eK)an (tan x + cot x) = a 2 2
tan x + 2tan x cot x + cot x = a eday tan xcot x = 1

2 2 2
eKTaj tan x + cot x = a 2

2 2 2
tamsmPaB A + B = (A + B)(A A.B + B )

3 3 2 2
eK)an tan x + cot x = (tan x + cot x)(tan x tan xcot x + cot

3 3 2 2
x)
= a(a 2 2 1) = a(a 2 3)
dUcenH tan 3
x + cot 3 x = a 3 3a .
- 112 -
lMhatTI7
cMeBaHRKb; x IR cUrRsaybBaak;smPaB
6 6 2 2
x> 14 (sin x + cos x) 12 (sin x + cos x) + 14 = 12 sin

8 8 4 4 4
x cos4 x
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;smPaB
6 6 2 2
eKman (a + b) = a + 3a b + 3ab + b
3 3 2 2 3
b a + b = (a + b) 3ab(a + b)
3 3 3
yk a = sin x nig b = cos x eK)an

2 2
sin 6 x + cos6 x = (sin 2 x + cos 2 x)3 3sin 2 x cos 2 x(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)

eday sin x + cos x = 1
2 2
dUcenH sin x + cos x = 1 3sin x cos x .

6 6 2 2
x> 14 (sin x + cos x) 12 (sin x + cos x) + 14 = 12 sin x cos

8 8 4 4 4 4
x
eKman (a + b) = a + 2ab + b b a + b = (a + b) 2ab

2 2 2 2 2 2
dUcKaEdr a + b = (a + b ) 2a b
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
b a + b = (a + b) 2ab 2a b
4 4 2 2 2 2
edayyk a = sin x nig b = cos x eK)ansmPaB

2 2
- 113 -
sin 4 x + cos4 x = (sin 2 x + cos 2 x)2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
= 1 2sin 2 xcos 2 x
ehIy
2
sin 8 x + cos 8 x = (sin 2 x + cos 2 x)2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x 2sin 4 x cos 4 x
= (1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x)2 2sin 4 x cos 4 x
= 1 4sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2sin 4 x cos 4 x
tagGnuKmn_
1 1 1
f (x) = (sin 8 x + cos 8 x) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) +
4 2 4
1 1 1
= (1 4sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2sin 4 x cos 4 x) (1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x) +
4 2 4
1 4sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2sin 4 x cos 4 x 2 + 4sin 2 xcos 2 x + 1
=
4
2sin 4 x cos 4 x 1 4
= = sin x cos4 x
4 2
dUcenH 1
4
1
2
1 1
(sin 8 x + cos 8 x) (sin 4 x + cos4 x) + = sin 4 x cos4 x
4 2
.
- 114 -
lMhatTI8
eKdwgfa cosa = nm+ p , cosb = p +nm , cosc = mp+ n
cUrKNnakenSam
M= + +
2 + 2cosa sin 2 a 2 + 2cosb sin 2 b 2 + 2cosc sin 2 c
dMeNaRsay
KNnakenSam
M= + +
2 + 2cosa sin 2 a 2 + 2cosb sin 2 b 2 + 2cosc sin 2 c
eKman sin a = 1 cos a = (1 cosa)(1 + cosa)
2 2
nig 2 + 2cosa sin a = 1 + 2cosa + cos a = (1 + cosa)

2 2 2
2
(1 cosa)(1 + cos a) 1 cosa
eK)an 2 + 2cosa
sin a
sin a
= 2
(1 + cosa) 2
=
1 + cosa
sin 2 b 1 cosb sin 2 c 1 cosc
ehIy =
2 + 2cos b sin 2 b 1 + cosb
nig =
2 + 2cosc sin 2 c 1 + cosc
1 cos a 1 cosb 1 cosc
eK)an E= + +
1 + cosa 1 + cosb 1 + cosc
m n p
1 1 1
n+p p+m m+n
= + +
m n p
1+ 1+ 1+
n+p p+m m+n
n+pm+p+mn+m+np
= =1
m+n+p
dUcenH E = 1 .
- 115 -
lMhatTI9
cUrRsaybBaak;fa | a cos x + b sin x | a + b 2 2
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;fa | a cos x + b sin x | a + b 2 2
]bmafa | a cos x + b sin x | a + b Bit 2 2
smmUl (a cos x + b sin x) a + b 2 2 2
eday sin x + cos x = 1 enaHeK)an

2 2
(a cos x + b sin x)2 (a 2 + b 2 )(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)

a 2 cos 2 x + 2ab sin x cos x + b 2 sin 2 x a 2 sin 2 x + a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
+ b 2 cos 2 x
b a sin x 2ab sin x cos x + b cos x 0
2 2 2 2
b (a sin x b cos x) 0 Bit

2
dUcenH | a cos x + b sin x | a + b Bit . 2 2
smal;
eKman (a cos x + b sin x) + (a sin x b cos x) = a + b
2 2 2 2
eday (a sin x b cos x) 0 enaHeKTaj)an

2
(a cos x + b sin x) a + b b | a cos x + b sin x | a

2 2 2 2
+ b2 Bit .
- 116 -
lMhatTI10
eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
cUrRsaybBaak;smPaB
a2 + b 2 + c2
bccos A + accos B + ab cosC =
2
dMeNaRsay
2
+ b 2 + c2
RsaybBaak; bccos A + accos B + ab cosC = a 2
A
c b
B a C
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bccos A (1)
tamRTwsIbTkUsIunUseKmanTMnak;TMng b 2 = c 2 + a 2 2accos B (2)
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cosC (3)
bUkTMnak;TMng (1) , (2 )& (3) GgnigGgeK)an
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 bccos A accos B ab cosC)
a2 + b 2 + c2
dUcenH bccos A + accos B + ab cosC =
2
.
- 117 -
lMhatTI11
eKmanRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
tag R nig S erogKaCakaM nig pRkLanRtIekaN ABC enH .
2 2 2
cUrRsayfa cosa A + cosb B + cosC c
=
4S
dMeNaRsay
2 2 2
Rsayfa cosa A + cosb B + cosC c
=
4S
tamRTwsIbTkUsIunUs nig sIunUsGnuvtn_kgRtIekaN ABC eK)an
cos A b + c a
2 2 2
a = b + c 2bccos A b
2 2 2
=
a 2abc
a = 2R sin A

a
=
b
=
c
sin A sin B sin C
= 2R b b = 2R sin B nig S = abc
4R

c = 2R sin C
cos A 4R 2 (sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A)
eK)an a
=
8RS
cos A R(sin B + sin 2 C sin 2 A)
2
b a
=
4S
(1)
cos B R(sin 2 A + sin 2 C sin 2 B)
dUcKaEdr b
=
4S
(2)
cos C R(sin 2 A + sin 2 B sin 2 C)
nig c
=
4S
(3)
bUksmPaB (1),(2) &(3) eK)an

cos A cos B cosC R(sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C)
a
+
b
+
c
=
4S
Bit .
- 118 -
lMhatTI12
kgRKb;RtIekaN ABC cUrRsayfa
(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) =
2
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;fa
(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) =
2
a+b+c
tagRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c nig
p=
2
CaknHbrimaRt
yk R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkA nig S CapRkLarbs; ABC .
tamRTwsIbTkUsuInUseKman a = b + c 2bccos A
2 2 2
eK)an a = (b + 2bc + c ) 2bc(1 + cos A)

2 2 2
eKTaj 1 + cos A = (b + 2bc

c) a (b + c + a)(b + c a)
2 2
=
2bc
eday p = a + b2 + c enaH a + b + c = 2p nig b + c a = 2(p a)
eK)an 1 + cos A = 4p(p2bc a) = 2p(pbc a)
dUcKaEdr 1 + cos B = 2p(pac b) , 1 + cosC = 2p(pab c)
eK)an (1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) = 8p .p(p (abc)a)(p b)(p c)
2
2
(1)
tamrUbmnehr:ug S = p(p a)(p b)(p c) =

abc
4R
- 119 -
eKTaj p(p a)(p b)(p c)
(abc) 2
=
1
16R 2
(2)
ykTMnak;TMng (2) CMnYskg (1) eK)an

2
8p 2 1 p
(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) = = . (3)
16R 2 2 R
tamRTwsIbTsIunUs a
=
b
=
sin A sin B sin C
c
= 2R
a + b + c 2p p
eKTaj sin A + sin B + sin C =
2R
=
2R R
= (4)
tam (3) nig (4) eK)anTMnak;TMng

(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) =
2
Bit .
smal; eKGacsYrbEnmeToteday[RsaybBaak;fa
2
cos A + cos B + cosC sin A + sin B + sin C
3
1+
3 2
edayeRbIvismPaBmFmnBVn mFmFrNImaRteK)an
1 + cos A + 1 + cos B + 1 + cos C
3
(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC)

3
cos A + cos B + cosC
3

b(1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) 1 +
3
eday (1 + cos A)(1 + cos B)(1 + cosC) =
2
2
cos A + cos B + cosC sin A + sin B + sin C
3

dUcenH 1+ Bit.
3 2
- 120 -
lMhatTI13
kgRKb;RtIekaNcUrRsayfa
(p a)(p b)(p c)
2
(1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cos C) = 8

abc
a+b+c
Edl a,b,c CaRCugRtIekaN ABC p= nig 2
.
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;fa
(p a)(p b)(p c)
2
(1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cos C) = 8

abc
tamRTwsIbTkUsuInUseKman a = b + c 2bccos A
2 2 2
eK)an a = (b 2bc + c ) + 2bc(1 cos A)

2 2 2
eKTaj 1 cos A = a 2bc (b c) (a + b c)(a b + c)

2 2
=
2bc
eday p = a + b2 + c enaH a + b c = 2(p c) nig a b + c = 2(p b)
eK)an 1 cos A = 4(p 2bc
b)(p c) 2(p b)(p c)
=
bc
dUcKaEdr 1 cos B = 2(p a)(p
ac
c)
;1 cosC =
2(p a)(p b)
ab
(p a)(p b)(p c)
2
dUcenH (1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cos C) = 8 Bit

abc
- 121 -
lMhatTI14
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
2
k> cUrRsaybBaak;fa 1 cos A 2bc
a
Edl a , b , c CaRCugRtIekaN ABC .

dMeNaRsay
2
k>RsaybBaak;fa 1 cos A 2bca
tamRTwsIbTsIunUseKman a = b + c 2bccos A
2 2 2
tamvismPaBmFmnBVn mFmFrNImaRteKman b + c 2bc 2 2
eKTaj a 2bc 2bccos A = 2bc(1 cos A)

2
2
dUcenH 1 cos A 2bc
a
.
2
tamsRmayxagelIeKman 1 cos A 2bc a
(1)
2 2
RsaydUcKaEdr 1 cos B 2ac
b
(2) nig 1 cosC
c
2ab
(3)
KuNvismPaB (1) , (2) , (3) Gg nig GgeKTTYl)an

(1 cos A)(1 cos B)(1 cosC)
1
8
Bit .
- 122 -
lMhatTI15
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
k> cUrRsaybBaak;fa sin A = sin
2 2
B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin Ccos A
x> TajbBaak;fa
2sin A sin B sin C
dMeNaRsay
k>RsaybBaak;fa sin A = sin B + sin C 2sin B sin Ccos A
2 2 2
tag a , b , c CaRCugRtIekaN ABC nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkeRkARtIekaN.

tamRTwsIbTsIunUs sina A = sinb B = sinc C = 2R
a = 2R sin A

eKTaj b = 2r sin B (1)

c = 2R sin C
tamRTwsIbTkUsIunUs a = b + c
2 2 2
2bccos A (2)
yk (1) CMnYskg (2) eK)an
4R 2 sin 2 A = 4R 2 (sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin Ccos A)
sRmYl 4R kgGgTaMgBIrnsmPaBeK)an
2
sin 2 A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin Ccos A Bit

dUcenH sin 2
A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin Ccos A .
- 123 -
x> TajbBaak;fa
2sin A sin B sin C
tamsRmayxagelIeKman sin A = sin B + sin C 2sin B sin Ccos A
2 2 2
+ sin C sin A
2 2 2
eKTaj cos A = sin B2sin B sin C
eday cot A =
cos A
sin A
B + sin C sin A
2 2 2
eK)an cot A = sin2sin A sin B sin C
(i)
sin 2 A + sin 2 C sin 2 B
RsaydUcKaEdreKTTYl)an cot B =
2sin A sin B sin C
(ii)
sin A + sin B sin C
2 2 2
nig cot C =
2sin A sin B sin C
(iii)
eFIVplbUksmPaB (i) , (ii) & (iii) eK)an

2sin A sin B sin C
Bit
dUcenHcot A + cot B + cot C =
2sin A sin B sin C
.
- 124 -
lMhatTI16
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMu A ,B ,C CamMuRsYcEdlepgpat;smPaB
1 1 1
.
1
cot A + cot B + cot C = + +
2 sin A sin B sin C
cUrRsayfa ABC CaRtIekaNsmgS ?
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa ABC CaRtIekaNsmgS
tag a , b , c CaRCug nig S CapRkLanRtIekaN ABC
eKman S = 12 bcsin A = 12 acsin B = 12 ab sin C
eKTaj)an sin A = 2S bc
, sin B =
2S
ac
, sibC =
2S
ab
b2 + c2 a2
b2 + c2 a2
eK)an cot A =
cos A
sin A
= 2bc
2S
=
4S
bc
a +c b
2 2 2
a2 + b2 c2
ehIy cot B =
4S
, cot C =
4S
a + b + c2
2 2
eK)an cot A + cot B + cot C =
4S
(1)
bc + ca + ab
m:ageTot 1
+
1
+
sin A sin B sin C
1
=
2S
(2)
1 1 1
tamsmtikm cot A + cot B + cot C = +
1
+ (3)
2 sin A sin B sin C
- 125 -
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca
=
4S 4S
b a + b + c = ab + bc + ca
2 2 2
TMnak;TMngenHsmmUl (a b) + (b c)
2 2
+ (c a)2 = 0
a b = 0

eKTaj b c = 0 naM[ a = b = c .
c a = 0

edayRtIekaN ABC manRCugbIesIKavaCaRtIekaNsmgS .
smal;
A + sin B + sin C
2 2 2
edayeKGacRsayfa cot A + cot B + cot C = sin2sin A sin B sin C
ehIysmtikm cot A + cot B + cot C = 12 sin1 A + sin1 B + sin1 C

eKTaj)ansmIkar
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C 1 1 1 1
= + +
2sin A sin B sin C 2 sin A sin B sin C
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin Csin A
(sin A sin B)2 + (sin B sin C)2 + (sin C sin A)2 = 0
sin A sin B = 0

eKTaj sin B sin C = 0 naM[
sin A = sin B = sin C
sin C sin A = 0

b A=B=C enaH ABC CaRtIekaNsmgS .
- 126 -
lMhatTI17
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug AB = 5cm nigmanpRkLa S = 6cm . 2
KNnatm cot A + cot B .

dMeNaRsay
KNnatm cot A + cot B
C
A H B
sg;kMBs; CH n ABC .
eKman cot A = CHAH
nig cot C = CH
HB
+ HB AB 2 2
eK)an cot A + cot B = AHCH = =
AB
CH AB.CH
=
AB
2S
eday AB = 5 cm & S = 6cm 2
dUcenH cot A + cot B = 12

25
.
- 127 -
lMhatTI18
tag R CakaMrgVg;carwkkg nig S CapRkLanRtIekaN ABC mYy .
2
k> cUrRsayfa (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) = 2RS
x> ebI ABC CamMuRsYcenaHcUrTaj[)anfa cos A cos B cosC 18 .
dMeNaRsay
2
Rsayfa (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) = 2RS
A
B A' C
KUskMBs; AA' = h n ABC . tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .

a
kgRtIekaNEkg ABA' & AA'C eKman cot B = AA'

BA'
; cot C =
A'C
AA'
+ A'C a a 2
eK)an cot B + cot C = BA'AA' =
h
=
2S
Edl S CapRkLa ABC
a
b2 c2
dUcKaEdr cot C + cot A =
2S
, cot A + cot B =
2S
2 2 2
eK)an (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) = a 8Sb c 3
- 128 -
eday S = abc
4R
enaH abc = 4RS
16R 2S 2
eK)an (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) =
8S 3
2R 2
dUcenH (cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) =
S
.
x> Taj [)anfa cos A cos B cosC
1
8
tamsRmayxagelIeKman
2R 2
(cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) = (i)
S
ebI ABC CamMuRsYcenaH cot A > 0 , cot B > 0 , cot C > 0
tamvismPaB mFmnBVn mFmFrNImaRteKman
cot A + cot B 2 cot A cot B , cot B + cot C 2 cot B cot C
cot C + cot A 2 cot Ccot A
KuNvismPaBxagelIenH Gg nig Gg eK)an
(cot A + cot B)(cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) 8cot A cot B cot C (ii)
2R 2
tam (i)&(ii) eKTaj)an 8cot A cot B cot C
S
3
Et S=
abc 8R sin A sin B sin C
4R
=
4R
= 2R 2 sin A sin B sin C
2R 2
eK)an 8cot A cot B cot C
2R 2 sin A sin B sin C
dUcenH cos A cos B cosC
1
8
.
- 129 -
lMhatTI19
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c carwkkg
rgVg;mYymanpit O nig kaM R . tag S nig S CapRkLan OBC
OBC
nig ABC erogKa . sntfa A ,B ,C CamMuRsYc .

k> cUrRsayfa S = 14 a cot A .
OBC
2
x> cUrTajbgajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 4S .

2 2 2
K> cUrTajbgajfa a cos A + b cos B + ccosC = 2R

abc
. 2
dMeNaRsay
k> Rsayfa S = 14 a cot A
OBC
2
A
B K C
tag K CacMNuckNalnRCug [BC] enaH [OK] [BC] .

eKman BOK = BOC2
= BAC = A .
- 130 -
kgRtIekaNEkg OBK eKman
OK 2OK 2OK
cot BOK = cot A = = =
BK BC a
eKTaj OK = 12 a cot A .
RkLapnRtIekaN OBC KW S = 12 BC.OK = 14 a cot A Bit
OBC
2
dUcenH S = 14 a cot A .
OBC
2
x> Tajbgajfa a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 4S

2 2 2
tamsRmayxagelIeKman S = 14 a cot A OBC

2
dUcKaEdr S = 14 b cot B nig S = 14 c cot C

OCA
2
OAB
2
eday S = S + S + S OBC OCA OAB
eK)an S = 14 (a cot A + b cot B + c cot C)

2 2 2
dUcenH a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 4S .

2 2 2
K> Tajbgajfa a cos A + b cos B + ccosC = 2R

abc
2
eKman a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 4S = abc

2 2
R
eRBaH2
S=
abc
4R
eday a cot A = sina A .acos A = 2Ra cos A , b cot B = 2Rb cos B
2 2
enaHeK)an a cos A + b cos B + ccosC = 2R

abc
. 2
- 131 -
lMhatTI20
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCug BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
tag p = a + b2 + c CaknHbrimaRt ehIy r nig R CakaMrgVg;carwkkg nig kaM
rgVg;carwkeRkAnRtIekaN ABC erogKa .
cUrRsaybBaak;fa
k> ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR
2 2
x> a + b + c = 2p 2r 8rR
2 2 2 2 2
K> a + b + c 3abc = 2p(p 3r 12rR)

3 3 3 2 2
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaak;fa
k> ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR
2 2
tamrUbmnehr:ug S = p(p a)(p b)(p c)

EteKman S = pr enaHeK)ansmIkar
pr = p(p a)(p b)(p c)
elIkGgTaMgBIrCakaereK)an
p 2r 2 = p(p a)(p b)(p c)
pr 2 = p 3 (a + b + c)p 2 + (ab + bc + ca)p abc
eday a + b + c = 2p ehIy abc = 4R.S = 4R.pr
- 132 -
pr 2 = p 3 2p 3 + (ab + bc + ca)p 4R.pr
pr 2 = p 3 + (ab + bc + ca)p 4rRp
pr 2 + p 3 + 4rRp
eKTaj ab + bc + ca =
p
dUcenH ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR 2 2
x> a + b + c = 2p 2r 8rR
2 2 2 2 2
eKman a + b + c = (a + b + c) 2(ab + bc + ca)

2 2 2 2
eday a + b + c = 2p nig ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR 2 2
dUcenH a + b + c = 2p 2r 8rR .
2 2 2 2 2
K> a + b + c 3abc = 2p(p 3r 12rR)

3 3 3 2 2
eKmansmPaB
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3abc = (a + b + c)[(a + b + c)2 3(ab + bc + ca)]
eday a + b + c = 2p nig ab + bc + ca = p + r + 4rR 2 2
dUcenH a + b + c 3abc = 2p(p 3r 12rR) .

3 3 3 2 2
- 133 -
lMhatTI21
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy . D CacMNucmYYnRCug [BC] Edl BAD =
nig DAC = .
BC sin sin
cUrRsaybBaak;fa AD = +
sin B sin C
?
dMeNaRsay
BC sin sin
RsaybBaak;fa AD = +
sin B sin C
A
tamRTwsIbTsIunUsGnuvtn_
kg ABD& ADC
eKman sinBD
=
sin B
AD
sin
b BD = sin B
.AD (1) B D C
ehIy sin
DC
=
sin C
AD
sin
b DC = sin C
.AD (2)
sin sin
bUkTMnak;TMng (1) & (2) eK)an BD + DC = sin + .AD
B sin C
sin sin
eday BD + DC = BC enaH BC = + .AD
sin B sin C
BC sin sin
dUcenH AD = +
sin B sin C
.
- 134 -

Maths Selected Exercise For Grade 10

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maths Selected Exercise For Grade 10

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

eroberogeday lwm pl:n nig Esn Bisid

cMnYnBit nig RbB&nrb

!> a +c b = ( a +( ab)( ba)c b ) = ( aa bb )c

$> eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitEdl a < b < c .

cUrkMNt;elx a nig b edIm,I[ mn = 4 ?

eroberogeday lwm pl:n

eKman (3a + 6)2 + | 14 b 10 | + | c + 3 |= 0

DIsRKImINg;bRgYmnsmIkar ' = 25 + 111 c

dUcenHedIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 5 KWmanEt d = 1 .

dUcenH edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 3 KWmanEt c = 1 .

dUcenH edIm,I[ n Eckdac;nwg 11 KWmanEt b = 0 .

cUrkMNt;elx a nig b edIm,I[ mn = 4 ?

= 20000 + 1000 + 100a + 70 + b

BhuFa nig viFIEckBhuFa

1-kFa nig BhuFa

^> (a + b + c) = a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

(> acx + (ad + bc)x + bd = (ax + b)(cx + d)

edIm,IKNnaplKuN nig plEckRbPaK

cUrkMNt; a , b , c edIm,I[ x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = 0 .

k> kMNt;cMnYnBit edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 .

k> kMNt; p nig q edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 2x + 1

x> cMeBaHtm p nig q Edl)anrkeXIjxagelI cUrkMnt;RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x

rksMNl;nviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 . 2

*> eKmanBhuFa P(x) = ax + bx + cx + d

eKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

x> kMNt; a , b , c , d edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 .

eKdwgfa f (k ) = k RKb; k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 nig f (5) = 77 .

k> cUrkMNt;BIrcMnYnBit nig edIm,I[

x> kMNt;tm A(x)

kMNt;cMnYnBit a nig b ebIeKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x 2

cUrkMNt; a , b , c edIm,I[ x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = 0 .

ehtuenH x = 1 + 3 4 + 3 16 Cabsrbs; A(x) = x + ax + bx + c = 0

tag A = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )2 2

tam (a + b )(x + y ) = (ax by ) + (bx + ay )

eKTaj)an (a + b )(x + y ) (bx + ay )

tamTMnak;TMng (1) nig (2) eKTaj)an

k> kMNt;cMnYnBit edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 .

eday f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 4 enaHeKGacsresr

dUcenH f (x) = (x 4)(x 1) . 2

K>rk x CacMnYnKt;viCmanedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akd

eday (x 1) CakaerR)akdRKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x > 1 enaHedIm,I[ f (x) Cakaer

k> kMNt; p nig q edIm,I[ f (x) Eckdac;nwg x 2x + 1 2

x> cMeBaHtm p nig q Edl)anrkeXIjxagelI cUrkMnt;RKb;cMnYnKt;viCman x

yk x = 1 CYskg (1) eK)an 1 + p + q = 0 q = 1 p

eK)an 1 + 1 + 1 + p = 0 p = 3 ehIy q = 1 (3) = 2

edaykta (x 1) CakaerR)akdRKb;cMnYnKt; x > 1 .

ehtuenHedIm,I[ f (x) CakaerR)akdluHRtaEt x + 2 CakaerR)akd .

rksMNl;nviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x 4x + 3 .

kenSamBICKNit Q(x) Edl P(x) = (x 4x + 3)Q(x) + R(x)

ebI x = 1 eK)an 2 = a + b (1)

eKdwgfa P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

x> kMNt; a , b , c , d edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 .

smtikm P(x) Ecknwg x [sMNl; 2 ehIy P(x) Ecknwg x + 1 [sMNl; 1

dksmIkar (1) nig (2) eK)an P(xx) xP(+x1) = Q (x) Q (x) + x2 x 1+ 1

b (xx(+x1+) 1)x P(x) = Q (x) Q (x) + x(xx++21)

b P(x) = [Q1 (x) Q 2 (x)](x 2 + x) + x + 2

kenSamBICKNit Q(x) = x + Edl P(x) = (x + x)(x + ) + x + 2

edaydwgfa P(1) = P(2) = 10 enaH 62((2++) +) +34==1010

eKdwgfa f (k ) = k RKb; k = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 nig f (5) = 77 .

dUcenH a = 3 , b = 30 , c = 105 , d = 149 , e = 72 .

ehtuenH P(1) = P(2) = P(3) = P(4) = 0 .

k> cUrkMNt;BIrcMnYnBit nig edIm,I[

x> kMNt;tm A(x)