MATH CONCEPTS

What is Quartiles?
Next to medians, quartiles are the most widely used statistical
measures of position. They can be conveniently used to describe
the properties of large sets of numerical data. The term quartiles
refers any of the three values that divide the items of a set of data
into four classes, each containing of the total population. Thus if
the entries of a 99-item date set are arranged 1 order, The first,
second or middle quartile is the 50th item, and the third or upper
quartile is the 75th item. Note that the second quartile is also
median.
1. A quartiles is one of the three values that divide a set of data
into four classes, each of which contain of the total
population.
2. The first quartile is the element of a set of data that is larger
the 25% of the other elements in that set.
3. The second quartile is the median of a set of data. It is larger
than 50% of the other elements in the set.
4. The third quartile is the element of a set of data that is larger
than 75% of the other elements in the set.
5. The interquartile range of a set of data is an indicator of the
dispersion of its elements. It can be obtained by subtracting
its first quartile from its third quartile.
6. A box-and-whisker plot or box plot is a graphical
representation of the quartiles and extreme points of a data
set.
7. A decile is one of the nine values that divide a set of data into
1
ten classes, each of which contains 10 of the total
population.
8. The 5th decile of a set of ungrouped data is equal to its median
9. The 99 percentiles of asset of ungrouped data divide the set
into 100 parts, each of which contains 1% of the population of
the data set whose elements are arranged in order.
 10. The nth percentile of a set of ungrouped data is the
element of that set whose value is higher than exactly n
percent of the population.

Formulas: (UNGROUPED DATA)

n+ 1

First Quartile: Q1 4 th entry

n+ 1

Second Quartile: Q2 2 th entry

3 (n+1)
Third Quartile: Q3 th entry
4

k (n+1)
Decile: Dk th entry
10

k (n+1)
Percentile: Pk th entry
100

QUARILES FOR GROUPED DATA

Lm Lower limit of the median class
n Total number of observations in a data set
Fm-1 Cumulative Frequency of the class immediately preceding
the median class
fm Frequency of the median class
c Class width