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Tejas Joshi
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop
alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses
various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge
has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in
construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in
place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result
shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However,
further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has
been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement
with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see
how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions.
This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement
material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and
pollution problems associated with paper industry waste.
Key words: Hypo Sludge, Sustainability, Eco-efficient, Cost-efficient, Compressive Strength
Cite this Article: Ashish Pandya and Tejas Joshi, Gainful Utilization of Hypo Sludge in
Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 128134.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
1. INTRODUCTION
Carbon footprints are increasing day-by-day. It is important to find a new way to reduce the use of
every day's fossil fuels. The paper producing industries generate different types of wastes coming out
from the various paper making machines. Paper waste can be recycled in many ways. There are total
three types of wastes generated by paper industries.
Fibrous Sludge
Hypo Sludge
Lime Sludge
Fibrous sludge is bio-degradable and therefore, it is rejected. Lime sludge, generally generated
during causticiasation. Hypo sludge is the only option, which is generated during calcium hypo
chlorite generation. So, basically, hypo sludge is a waste or by-product of paper industry. In order to
reduce the consumption of natural and conventional resources, which by the way are limited, use of
other industrial wastes are inevitable. To replace these wastes with fresh materials, one of the feasible
options is to control degradation of environment. Hypo sludge is purely chemical waste and requires
large space for disposal. We can use it as a partial replacement material in cement concrete. Use of
hypo sludge in cement concrete not only solve the disposal problem but also make concrete has
economical by had replacing cemented partially. Hypo sludge will improve construction functionality
and ecological sustainability and results in low life-cycle cost. Its response to different loads and
durability could be major concern for construction professionals. Therefore, it is necessary to do an
experimental study of such concrete.
Figure 1
2.5. Water
Water is one of the most important ingredients of concrete as it actually participates in the chemical
reaction cement. Since it helps to form the strength giving cement gel, the quantity and quality of
water is required to be looked into very carefully. Water cement ratio used is 0.5 for M20 grade.
3. MIX DESIGN
A mix M20 grade was designed as per IS:10262:2009 and the same was used to prepare the test
samples. Given quantity is for one cube.
Table 3
CONSTITUENTS QTY.(kg/m3 )
Cement 383
Fine aggregate 590
Coarse aggregate 1230
10mm 492
20mm 738
Water 191
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
4.1. Methodology
BATCH MIX
Maximum Replacement MATERIAL
Chemical Analysis of
of Cement and achieve CALCULATION For
Hypo Sludge and Cement
Maximum Strength Compressive Strength
Tests
ULTIMATE AIM
Minimize the Use of Raw PHYSICAL TESTS DESIGN MIX As per
Materials and derive
Compressive Strength IS:10262:2009 For M20
Strength out of Waste. (Cube) grade
Optimize the Strength
and Workability
Figure 5
It can be seen from the above graph that as the percentage replacement of hypo sludge to cement
increases, the compressive strength of concrete for 7 days,14 days and 28 days decreases gradually.
6. CONCLUSION
The following conclusions are drawn based on the experimental investigation carried out on replacing
cement with hypo sludge.
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