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Classification of Instructional Media

Posted by Hidayat Sariffudin on Saturday, June 22, 2013

The process of learning is essentially a process of communication, which is the

process of delivering a message (content or teaching materials) from the source of
the message through the channel / media specific to the recipient (student / learner
or teacher perhaps). Delivery of messages can be done through a communication
symbols symbols verbal and non-verbal or visual, which we do now interpreted by
the receiver of the message (Criticos, 1996).

Therefore the message (content or teaching materials) to make it more acceptable

to learners or students should use instructional media. Expected with the use of
learning resources in the form of instructional media, the process of communication
in teaching and learning activities take place more effectively (Gagne, 1985) and
efficient.

Understanding media still often confused with the equipment. Media is software or
materials contain educational messages or information typically presented using
equipment. While the equipment or hardware itself is a means to display the
message contained in the media.

Various classifications of instructional media

Various ways can be done to classify and identify the media. According to the form
information is used, you can separate and classify media renderer into five major
groups, namely visual media silence, motion visual media, audio media, audio-
visual media silence, motion and audio-visual media. Classification of these media
can be a basis for distinguishing processes which is used for presenting the
message, how it sounds and images received, whether through direct vision,
projection optics, electronics or telecommunications projection.

While Edgar Dale held a media pembelajarn classification according to the level of
the most concrete to the most abstract.

Classification is then known as the "cone of experience" of Edgar Dale and widely
adopted in determining media, tools and props are most appropriate for the learning
experience.

Classification of learning media by experts:

1. Classification of learning media by Azhar Arshad

Classification of learning resources is not much different from the shape.

Classification of learning resources according to the Degeng Azhar Arshad (2006)
are as follows:

Message (What information is transmitted?)

People (Who / What do the transmission?)

Materials (Who / What store information?)

Tool (Who / What store information?)

Techniques (How information is transmitted?)

Environment / Background (Where is transmitted?)

2. Classification of learning media by Rudy Bretz

Rudy Bretz, classifies the media by its constituent sounds, visual (in the form of
images, lines, and symbols), and motion. In addition, also, Bretz distinguish
between broadcast media (telecommunications) and recording media (recording).
Thus, according to the taxonomy of Bretz grouped media menjasi 8 categories: 1)
motion audio-visual media, 2) audio-visual media silence, 3) semi-motion audio
media, 4) visual motion media, 5) visual media silence, 6) semi motion media , 7)
audio media, and 8) the print media.

3. Classification according Sudjana instructional media and Ahmad Rifa'i

Sudjana and Rifa'i Ahmad distinguish or classify media into four groups, namely
graphic media (two-dimensional), such as images, photographs, and graphics.
Three-dimensional media, such as stacking models and working models. Media
projections, such as OHP and media environment (nature).

4. Classification of learning media according to R. Thomas Murry

According to R. Thomas Murry media classified by level of experience, namely: (1)

Experience of the original object (reliefe experience), for example a ball. (2)
Experience of mock objects (sudstitude of reliefe experience) such as images and
photos. (3) Experience of the words (word only), such as books and radio programs.

5. Classification of learning media by Soeparno

Media classification based on its characteristics, can be divided into: (a) the media
has a single characteristic, such as the radio. (B) which has the characteristics of
multiple media, such as movies and TV.

Classification based on dimensional media presentation, which can be divided into:

(a) Length of presentation is a presentation at a glance, such as the TV, and the
presentation was a glimpse, for example OHP. (B) the presentation of the continuous
nature of the presentation, such as a TV, and the presentation is not continuous,
such as OHP.

Media classification based on the wearer, dapatdibedakan be (a) based on the

number of users, which is a medium to large classes, small classes and individual
learning, (b) based on age and educational level of the user, ie the media for
kindergarten, elementary, junior high, high school, and PT .

Actually there are many more classifications of instructional media that have been
expressed by experts, but maybe that's all I can describe here. Hopefully next time I
can share more about the classification of other learning media.