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Bile
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Mainpage Thisarticleisaboutthefluidproducedbytheliver.Forotheruses,seeBile(disambiguation).
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Featuredcontent Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticle
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removed. (October2011) (Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage)
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Wikipediastore Bileorgallisadarkgreentoyellowishbrownfluid,producedbytheliverofmost
Interaction vertebrates,thataidsthedigestionoflipidsinthesmallintestine.Inhumans,bileis
Help producedcontinuouslybytheliver(liverbile),andstoredandconcentratedinthe
AboutWikipedia gallbladder(gallbladderbile).Aftereating,thisstoredbileisdischargedintotheduodenum.
Communityportal
Thecompositionofgallbladderbileis97%water,0.7%[1] bilesalts,0.2%bilirubin,0.51%
Recentchanges
fats(cholesterol,fattyacidsandlecithin),[1]and200meq/linorganicsalts.[2]
Contactpage
Bilewastheyellowbileinthefourhumorsystemofmedicine,thestandardofmedical
Tools
Whatlinkshere
practiceinEuropefrom500B.C.totheearlynineteenthcentury.
Relatedchanges
Contents [hide]
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Specialpages 1 Function
Permanentlink 2 Clinicalsignificance
Pageinformation 2.1 Biliaryobstruction
Wikidataitem 3 Societyandculture
Citethispage 3.1 Bilesoap

Print/export 3.2 Bileinfood

Createabook 3.3 Animalabuse Bile(yellowmaterial)inaliver biopsy
inthesettingofbilestasis,i.e.
DownloadasPDF 4 Principalbileacids
cholestasis.H&Estain
Printableversion 5 Seealso

Inotherprojects 6 References
Wikimedia 7 Furtherreading
Commons

Languages
Afrikaans Function [ edit ]

Bileactstosomeextentasasurfactant,helpingtoemulsifythelipidsinfood.Bilesalt

anionsarehydrophilicononesideandhydrophobicontheothersideconsequently,they

Azrbaycanca
tendtoaggregatearounddropletsoflipids(triglyceridesandphospholipids)toform
micelles,withthehydrophobicsidestowardsthefatandhydrophilicsidesfacingoutwards.
Thehydrophilicsidesarenegativelycharged,andthischargepreventsfatdropletscoated
withbilefromreaggregatingintolargerfatparticles.Ordinarily,themicellesinthe
()
duodenumhaveadiameteraround1433m.
Actionofbilesaltsindigestion
Bosanski Thedispersionoffoodfatintomicellesthusprovidesagreatlyincreasedsurfaceareafor
Catal theactionoftheenzymepancreaticlipase,whichactuallydigeststhetriglycerides,andis

abletoreachthefattycorethroughgapsbetweenthebilesalts.Atriglycerideisbroken
etina
downintotwofattyacidsandamonoglyceride,whichareabsorbedbythevillionthe
Dansk
Deutsch
intestinewalls.Afterbeingtransferredacrosstheintestinalmembrane,thefattyacidsreform
Eesti intotriglycerides(reesterified),beforebeingabsorbedintothelymphaticsystemthrough
lacteals.Withoutbilesalts,mostofthelipidsinfoodwouldbeexcretedinfaeces,
Espaol undigested.
Esperanto
Euskara
Sincebileincreasestheabsorptionoffats,itisanimportantpartoftheabsorptionofthe
fatsolublesubstances,[3]suchasthevitamins A,D,E,andK.
Franais
Besidesitsdigestivefunction,bileservesalsoastherouteofexcretionforbilirubin,a
Gaeilge
byproductofredbloodcellsrecycledbytheliver.Bilirubinderivesfromhemoglobinby
Galego

glucuronidation. Recyclingofthebile

Biletendstobealkalionaverage.ThepHofcommonductbile(7.50to8.05)ishigherthan
Hrvatski
thatofthecorrespondinggallbladderbile(6.80to7.65).Itbecomesmoreacidicinthegallbladderthelongeryougowithouteating,
Ido
thoughrestingslowsthisfallinpH.[4]Asanalkali,italsohasthefunctionofneutralizinganyexcessstomachacidbeforeitentersthe
BahasaIndonesia
slenska
duodenum,thefirstsectionofthesmallintestine.Bilesaltsalsoactasbactericides,destroyingmanyofthemicrobesthatmaybe
Italiano presentinthefood.

BasaJawa
Clinicalsignificance [ edit ]
Kapampangan
Intheabsenceofbile,fatsbecomeindigestibleandareinsteadexcretedinfeces,aconditioncalledsteatorrhea.Feceslacktheir
Kreylayisyen characteristicbrowncolorandinsteadarewhiteorgray,andgreasy.[5]Steatorrheacanleadtodeficienciesinessentialfattyacids
Kurd andfatsolublevitamins.Inaddition,pastthesmallintestine(whichisnormallyresponsibleforabsorbingfatfromfood)the
Kreylayisyen characteristicbrowncolorandinsteadarewhiteorgray,andgreasy. Steatorrheacanleadtodeficienciesinessentialfattyacids
Kurd andfatsolublevitamins.Inaddition,pastthesmallintestine(whichisnormallyresponsibleforabsorbingfatfromfood)the

gastrointestinaltractandgutfloraarenotadaptedtoprocessingfats,leadingtoproblemsinthelargeintestine.
Latina
Latvieu Thecholesterolcontainedinbilewilloccasionallyaccreteintolumpsinthegallbladder,forminggallstones.Cholesterolgallstonesare
Lietuvi generallytreatedthroughsurgicalremovalofthegallbladder.However,theycansometimesbedissolvedbyincreasingthe
Lumbaart concentrationofcertainnaturallyoccurringbileacids,suchaschenodeoxycholicacidandursodeoxycholicacid.[citationneeded]
Magyar
Onanemptystomachafterrepeatedvomiting,forexampleaperson'svomitmaybegreenordarkyellow,andverybitter.The
bitterandgreenishcomponentmaybebileornormaldigestivejuicesoriginatinginthestomach.[6]Thecolorofbileisoftenlikened
Nederlands to"freshcutgrass",[citationneeded]unlikecomponentsinthestomachthatlookgreenishyellowordarkyellow.Bilemaybeforcedinto
thestomachsecondarytoaweakenedvalve(pylorus),thepresenceofcertaindrugsincludingalcohol,orpowerfulmuscular
Norskbokml
contractionsandduodenalspasms.
Norsknynorsk

Biliaryobstruction [ edit ]
Polski
Portugus Biliaryobstructioncanbecausedbyavarietyofdietaryfactors.Mostbiliaryobstructionsarecausedbythehighconsumptionof
Romn sugar,fatandprocessedfoods.Thesefoodscancausegallstones.[7]Primarily,biliaryobstructioniscausedbyblockageinthebile
RunaSimi
ducts.Bileductscarrybilefromtheliverandgallbladderthroughthepancreas.Ahugeamountofthebileisthenreleasedintothe

smallintestineduodenum.Theremainingbileisstoredinthegallbladder.Afterfoodconsumptionthebileinthegallbladderis
SimpleEnglish
Slovenina releasedtohelpwithdigestionandfatabsorption.
Slovenina
/srpski Societyandculture [ edit ]
Srpskohrvatski/
InmedicaltheoriesprevalentintheWestfromClassicalAntiquitytotheMiddleAges,thebody'shealthdependedontheequilibrium
Suomi
offour"humors",orvitalfluids,twoofwhichrelatedtobile:blood,phlegm,"yellowbile"(choler),and"blackbile".These"humors"
Svenska
arebelievedtohaveitsrootsintheappearanceofabloodsedimentationtestmadeinopenair,whichexhibitsadarkclotatthe

bottom("blackbile"),alayerofunclottederythrocytes("blood"),alayerofwhitebloodcells("phlegm")andalayerofclearyellow


serum("yellowbile").[8][needquotationtoverify]
Trke
Excessesofblackbileandyellowbilewerethoughttoproducedepressionandaggression,respectively,andtheGreeknamesfor

themgaverisetotheEnglishwordscholera(fromGreekkhol)andmelancholia.Thosesametheoriesexplainthederivationofthe
TingVit
Englishwordbiliousfrombile,themeaningofgallinEnglishas"exasperation"or"impudence",andtheLatinwordcholera,derived

Editlinks fromtheGreekkhol,whichwaspasseduponseveralRomancelanguagesinwordsmeaning"anger"suchascolre(French)and
clera(Spanish).

Bilesoap [ edit ]

Bilefromdeceasedmammalscanbemixedwithsoap.Thismixture,calledbilesoap,[9]canbeappliedtotextilesafewhoursbefore
washingandisatraditionalandrathereffectivemethodforremovingvariouskindsoftoughstains.

Bileinfood [ edit ]

"Pinapaitan"isadishinPhilippinecuisinethatusesbileasflavoring.[10]

Animalabuse [ edit ]

InregionslikeAsiawherebileproductsareapopularingredientintraditionalmedicine,thereareseveralcasesofabuseofbears
fromwhichbileisfarmed.

Principalbileacids [ edit ]

Cholicacid Chenodeoxycholicacid Glycocholicacid Taurocholicacid Deoxycholicacid

Lithocholicacid

Seealso [ edit ]

Bileacidsequestrant
Bilebear
Enterohepaticcirculation
 Intestinaljuice
Oxgall

References [ edit ]

1. ^a b Barrett,KimE.(2012).Ganong'sreviewofmedicalphysiology.(24thed.).NewYork:McGrawHillMedical.p.512.ISBN 978007
1780032.
2. ^ GuytonandHall(2011).TextbookofMedicalPhysiology.U.S.:SaundersElsevier.p.784.ISBN 9781416045748.
3. ^ "SecretionofBileandtheRoleofBileAcidsInDigestion" .www.vivo.colostate.edu.Retrieved20160605.
4. ^ Sutor,D.June(1976)."DiurnalVariationsinthepHofPathologicalGallbladderBile" (PDF).Gut(17):971974.
doi:10.1136/gut.17.12.971 .
5. ^ BaraboteRD,TamangDG,AbeywardenaSN,etal.(2006)."Extradomainsinsecondarytransportcarriersandchannelproteins".
Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1758(10):155779.doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.018 .PMID 16905115 .
6. ^ Choices,NHS."NauseaandvomitinginadultsNHSChoices" .www.nhs.uk.Retrieved20160605.
7. ^ Choices,NHS."GallstonesNHSChoices" .www.nhs.uk.Retrieved20160605.
8. ^ Johansson,IngvarLyne,Niels(2008).Medicine&Philosophy:ATwentyFirstCenturyIntroduction .WalterdeGruyter.p.27.
ISBN 9783110321364.Retrieved23April2015.
9. ^ Newton,W.(1837)."Theinventionofcertainimprovementsinthemanufactureofsoap,whichwillbeparticularlyapplicabletothefelting
ofwoollencloths." .TheLondonJournalofArtsandSciencesandRepertoryofPatentInventions.IX:289.Retrieved20070208.
10. ^ "PinapaitanAngSarap" .AngSarap(ATagalogwordfor"It'sDelicious").20130813.Retrieved20160605.

Furtherreading [ edit ]

Bowen,R.(20011123)."SecretionofBileandtheRoleofBileAcidsInDigestion" .ColoradoStateHypertextbookarticleon
Bile.Archived fromtheoriginalon29May2007.Retrieved20070717.
Krej,ZHanuL.PodstatovH.ReifovE(1983)."Acontributiontotheproblemsofthepathogenesisandmicrobialetiology
ofcholelithiasis".ActaUniversitatisPalackianaeOlomucensisFacultatisMedicae.104:279286.PMID 6222611 .
Maton,AntheaJeanHopkinsCharlesWilliamMcLaughlinSusanJohnsonMaryannaQuonWarnerDavidLaHartJillD.Wright
(1993).HumanBiologyandHealth.EnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey,USA:PrenticeHall.ISBN 0139811761.

VTE Physiologyofthegastrointestinalsystem [show]

Authoritycontrol GND:43938413 NDL:00572708

Medicineportal Animalsportal

Categories: Bodyfluids Digestivesystem Biomolecules Hepatology

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