Relationship of Humanisation In

Engineering Engineering
Introduction
Engineers play a key role in providing
development that can improve the
quality of life for society as a whole.
Engineers are responsible to ensure the
design, construction, operation and
maintenance is provided to meet
existing needs without compromising
the environment, for future generations.
Environment Issue
Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
ranks countries on performance indicator
tracked across policy categories that cover
both environmental public health and
ecosystem vitality.
These indicators provide a gauge at a
national government scale of how close
countries are to established environmental
policy goals.
Based (EPI) 2012, Malaysia is ranked at the
25th position.
Environment Issue
Environmental Damage
Air Pollution
Chemical
Climate Change
Land
Flora and Fauna
People Problem
Hydrology
Environmental Damage (Air
Pollution)
Acid rain:
Acid rain affects vegetation and also
destroys limestone structures, which
includes many old buildings.
Visual air pollution:
Smoke, smog, and from vehicles and
factories.
Toxic:
Hazardous chemicals released into the air,
includes benzene, nitric compounds, etc.
Environmental Damage (Air
Pollution)
Ozone depletion:
Loss of ozone layer due to chlorine radicals
from CFC compounds and other man-made
compounds, causing a rising incidence of
skin carcinoma.
Indoor air pollution:
Low quality air in enclosed areas such as
buildings due to bad design.
This may lead to transmission of disease and
respiratory illnesses.
Environmental Damage
(Chemical)
Fertilizer pollution
Excess fertilizer is toxic to the environment.
Pesticide pollution:
Overuse of pesticides can not only produce
immunized pests but also destroy the very
predators of pests.
Pesticides become health risks when it
contaminates groundwater, and it also disrupts
biological habitats.
Hazardous wastes:
Hazardous waste is more of a problem in
developing countries, (industrialized nations).
Environmental Damage
(Climate Change)
Desertification:
This is defined as the "destruction of the
biological potential of the land, which can lead
ultimately to desert-like conditions."
Extreme heat wave-droughts:
Human disruption of the environment has to
certain extents disrupted normal weather
patterns, causing abnormal droughts.
Microclimate disruption:
Urban crawl and mega-projects all create a
microclimate disruption that can affect
vegetation and wildlife.
Environmental Damage
(Climate Change)
Greenhouse effect:
An increase in greenhouse gases - water
vapour, methane and carbon dioxide has
increased the average temperature
worldwide, creating the global warming
effect.
Disrupted hydrological cycle:
Large-scale human development has
disrupted the natural cycle of water.
Environmental Damage
(Land)
Land degradation
value of the biophysical environment is affected
by one or more combination of human-induced
processes acting upon the land
viewed as any change or disturbance to the land
perceived to be deleterious or undesirable
Erosion and soil conservation:
Loss of topsoil and valuable soil constituents
due to agriculture and other human activities.
Loss of soil leads to erosion and loss of the
lands ability to support life.
Environmental Damage
(Flora and Fauna)
Deforestation:
Loss of forests is principally due to needs for
agriculture, timber and forest products
(firewood, charcoal, etc.)
Deforestation is less pronounced in
industrialized countries as they have begun to
conserve what little forests they have left.
Deforestation affects the hydrology system,
water retention, and affects forests as a sink for
carbon dioxide.
Endangered and extinct flora and fauna:
Rampant human encroachments into natural
habitats have made many species extinct.
Environmental Damage
(Flora and Fauna)
Loss of biodiversity:
This is happening principally due to loss of
habitat, but it can also happen with the
introduction of non-native species into a
relatively isolated habitat.
Ocean pollution:
Too much toxic wastes flow to the ocean,
including excess pesticides and fertilizer.
Wetlands:
Coastal development is threatening a very rich
and precious habitat.
Environmental Damage
(People Problem)
Overconsumption:
The rich consume too much, and lead wasteful lives.
Overpopulation:
A high growth rate puts stress on infrastructure and
society, more so if living conditions are barely adequate.
Energy issues:
A major portion of the worlds energy production is from
non renewable sources.
A lot of energy is needlessly wasted because of inefficient
insulation or transmission or conversion.
Waste disposal:
Proper disposing of waste is a problem in large urban
areas.
Environmental Damage
(People Problem)
Health risks
An increase in EM radiation and chemicals over the
past 50 years have long-term effects on humans,
though it may be unnoticed by the general
population.
Humans have also unwittingly produced pesticide-
resistant pests and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Transportation pollution:
Inefficient transportation systems and inefficient and
badly maintained vehicles.
Noise pollution:
Changes in lifestyle and leisure activities are causing
an increase in the incidence of hearing loss,
especially among youth.
Environmental Damage
(Hydrology)
Water pollution:
Little is done about degrading sources of
water due to development.
Water rights and management:
The management of water and how it is
shared among people, agriculture, and the
natural habitat is a difficult exercise in
ecological balance.
International Organization
for Environment
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC)
United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
Earth System Governance Project
Global Environment Facility
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
to provide comprehensive scientific
assessments of current scientific,
technical and socio-economic
information worldwide about the risk of
climate change caused by human
activity, its potential environmental and
socio-economic consequences, and
possible options for adapting to these
consequences or mitigating the effects
United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
an international organization that
coordinates United Nations environmental
activities, assisting developing countries in
implementing environmentally sound
policies and practices.
UNEP's main activities are related to:
climate change;
disasters and conflicts;
ecosystem management;
environmental governance;
harmful substances; and
resource efficiency.
Earth System Governance
Project
to address with cutting-edge science the
large, complex challenge of governance in
the face of intensifying global
environmental change and earth system
transformation, and to create a better
understanding of the role of institutions,
organizations and governance mechanisms
by which humans currently regulate their
relationship with the natural environment
and global biochemical systems.
Global Environment Facility
provides grants to developing countries
and countries with economies in transition
for projects related to biodiversity, climate
change, international waters, land
degradation, the ozone layer, and
persistent organic pollutants.
These projects benefit the global
environment, linking local, national, and
global environmental challenges and
promoting sustainable livelihoods.
Environmental Management
System
Refers to the management of an
organization's environmental programs
in a comprehensive, systematic, planned
and documented manner. It includes the
organisational structure, planning and
resources for developing, implementing
and maintaining policy for
environmental protection.
Environment Agencies/
Organizations in Malaysia
Department of Environment (DOE)
The Departments main role is to prevent,
control and abate pollution through the
enforcement of the EQA,1974 and its 34
subsidiary legislation made there under.
Environment Agencies/
Organizations in Malaysia
Malaysian Environmental NGOs
(MENGO)
MENGO aspires towards an ecologically-
sound, transparent, participatory and
socially just society, through sustainable
development policies and practices related
to natural resources management and
biodiversity conservation.
Environmental Management
System
An Environmental Management System (EMS):
Serves as a tool to improve environmental
performance
Provides a systematic way of managing an
organizations environmental affairs
Is the aspect of the organizations overall
management structure that addresses immediate
and long-term impacts of its products, services and
processes on the environment
Gives order and consistency for organizations to
address environmental concerns through the
allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility
and ongoing evaluation of practices, procedures and
processes
Focuses on continual improvement of the system
Environmental Management
System
In September 1996, the International Organization
for Standardization published the first edition of ISO
14001, the Environmental Management Systems
standard.
This is an international voluntary standard
describing specific requirements for an EMS. ISO
14001 is a specification standard to which an
organization may receive certification or
registration.
ISO 14001 is considered the foundation document of
the entire series. A second edition of ISO 14001 was
published in 2004, updating the standard.
ISO14001 is the dominant environmental
management system in the world
Environmental Management
System
The ISO 14000 family addresses various
aspects of environmental management.
The very first two standards, ISO 14001:2004
and ISO 14004:2004 deal with environmental
management systems (EMS).
As a guidance documents to help
organizations address environmental issues.
Included in the family are standards for
Environmental Management Systems,
environmental and EMS auditing,
environmental labelling, performance
evaluation and life-cycle assessment.
ISO 14000 implementation
in Malaysia
An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO
14001:2004 is a management tool enabling
an organization of any size or type to:
identify and control the environmental impact
of its activities, products or services, and to
improve its environmental performance
continually, and to
implement a systematic approach to setting
environmental objectives and targets, to
achieving these and to demonstrating that they
have been achieved.
Environmental management
in Malaysia
Controlled by Department of Environment,
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment
Become more focussed with the
gazzettement of the Environmental Quality
Act (EQA) on 14 March 1974.
An enforcement agency named
Environment Division (known as
Department of Environment (DOE) in
1983) was institutionalised in 1975.
Environmental management in
Malaysia (Environment Policy)
National Policy on the Environment which
integrates the three elements of sustainable
development: economic, social and cultural
development and environmental
conservation was formulated and
approved in 2002.
The Policy aims at continued economic,
social and cultural progress and
enhancement of the quality of life of
Malaysians through environmentally
sound and sustainable development.
Environmental management in
Malaysia (Environment Policy)
Based on eight (8) inter-related and mutually
supporting principles set to harmonise
economic development goals with
environmental imperatives:
Stewardship of the Environment
Conservation of Natures Vitality and Diversity
Continuous Improvement in the Quality of the
Environment
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
Integrated Decision-Making
Role of the Private Sector
Commitment and Accountability
Active Participation in the International Community
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
DOE Handbooks
Metal Finishing - Electroplating, 1999
Raw Natural Rubber Industry, 1999
Crude Palm Oil Industry, 1999
Textile and Clothing Industry, 2000
Food Industry - Noodle Process, 2000
Handbook for Legislators: A Guide to Air
Pollution, 2003
Handbook for Legislators: A Guide to Water
Quality, 2003
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
EIA Guidelines
EIA Guidelines For Coastal Resort
Development Projects
EIA Guidelines For Petrochemical Industries
EIA Guidelines For Industrial Estate
Development
Penilaian Kesan Kepada Alam Sekeliling
Bagi Pembangunan Padang Golf
EIA Guidelines For Development Of Tourist
And Recreational Facilities In National Park
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
EIA Guidelines
EIA Guidelines For Development Of Tourist
And Recreational Facilities On Island In
Marine Parks
EIA Guildelines For Drainage and/or
Irrigation Projects
EIA Guidelines For Fishing Harbours
and/or Land Based Aquaculture Projects
EIA Guidelines For Dam and/or Reservoir
Projects
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
EIA Guidelines
EIA Guidelines For Coastal and Land
Reclamation
EIA Guidelines For Agriculture
EIA Guidelines For Housing and Township
Development Projects
EIA Guidelines For Risk Assessment
EIA Guidelines For Industrial Projects
EIA Guidelines For Toxic And Hazardous
Waste Treatment And Disposal Projects
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
EIA Guidelines
EIA Guidelines For Municipal Solid Waste
And Sewage Treatment And Disposal
Projects
A Handbook Of EIA Guidelines
Guidelines For Siting And Zoning Of
Industries
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Land / Industrial Development
Siting and Zoning of Industries, 1976
[revised 1994]
Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and
Siltation,1978 [revised 1996:1999]
Environmental Requirements : A Guide for
Investors (1989) [reprint 1996;1999]
Interim guidelines for Controlled Burning of
Felled Plant Materials and Combustible
Solid Wastes from Housing Industry in the
Klang Valley, 1991
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Marine Enforcement Activities
Marine Pollution Enforcement Procedure
Manual of Monitoring Procedure
Manual of Marine Water Monitoring
Procedure
National Contingency Planning
National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill
Control
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Ozone Depleting Substances
Control Measures for Protection of Ozone
Layer, 1994
Project Preparation under the Multilateral
Fund, 1995
Prequalifying and Selection Criteria for
Acceptable Alternatives of Ozone Depleting
Substances in Malaysia, 1995
Halon Directory
Siginificant New Alternatives List For
Ozone Depleting Substances, 1999
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Code of Practice for Service Stations, 1980
[revised 1993]
Explanatory Notes: Clean Air Requlations &
You, 1980
Air Pollution Control measures in Palm Oil
Mills, 1985 [revised 1997]
Erection of Fuel Burning Equipment, 1981
Collection, Transportation and Disposal of
Solid Wastes, 1981
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Best Practicable Means for Minimization of
Offensive Odour from Fishmeal Factories,
1981
Best Practicable Means for Wood-based
Industries, 1981
Application for Written Permission to Install
Generators, 1982
Selection of Landfill Sites for Scheduled
Wastes, 1985
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Monitoring of Landfills for Scheduled
Wastes, 1985
Scheduled Waste Sampling, 1985
Recommended Code of Practice for the
Disposal of Solid Wastes on Land, 1985
Standard Methods For Analysis of Rubber
and Palm Oil Mill Effluents [revised 1985]
Installation of Tee Pee and Package Type
Incinerators, 1985
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Stack Sampling, 1989
Private Investments in Toxic Hazardous
Waste Disposal Facilities (Secured Landfills)
1989
Disposal of Asbestos Wastes 1993 [revised
1995]
Export of Scheduled Wastes, 1993
Storage of Scheduled Wastes, 1993
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Interim Guidelines for the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods (Chemicals Not
Otherwise Controlled) 1993
Import of Scheduled Wastes, 1994
Zero Burning of Felled Plant Materials, 1994
Open Burning of Felled Plant Materials
(Agricultural Wastes) 1981, [revised 1994]
Management and Disposal of Wastes from
Downstream Petroleum Industries, 1994
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Notification and Control Procedure for
Movement of Waste between Singapore and
Malaysia, 1995
Disposal of Asbestos Wastes 1993 [revised
1995]
Export, Import and Storage of Scheduled
Wastes in Malaysia (CD ROM)
Implementation of the Basel Convention in
Malaysia
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
Waste Management
Monitoring and Control of Pollution from
Cement Plants, 1996
Air Emission Load Calculation, 2000
Disposal of Chemical Wastes from
Laboratories, 2000
Applications for Licenses and Permits for
Hazardous Activities, 1990
Processing Written Permission for Industrial
Waste Water Treatment Systems, 2000
MSC Malaysia Status
Recognition by Malaysian Government
through Multimedia Development
Corporation (MDeC) for companies that
participate and undertake its ICT
activities in MSC Malaysia.
Awarded to the companies that develop
or use multimedia technologies to
produce or enhance their products and
services and for process development.
MSC Malaysia Status
One of criteria for MSC Malaysia status is
to comply with environmental guidelines.
To maintain the status, companies are
expected to continuosly comply with the
MSC Malaysia environmental guidelines as
stipulate in :
Environmental Guidelines for the MSC
Malaysia Investors Guide
Physical Planning Guidelines for the MSC
Malaysia September 2000
Urban Design Guidelines for Cyberjaya,
September 2000.
Benefits of MSC Malaysia
Status
World Class physical and information
infrastructure
Allow unrestricted employment of
foreign knowledge workers
Freedom of ownership by exempting
from local ownership requirements
No Income tax for up to 10 years or
Investment Tax Allowance (ITA)
Benefits of MSC Malaysia
Status
No Duties on importation of
Multimedia Equipment
Intelectual Property Protection and
Cyberlaws
No censorship of the Internet.
Competitive telecommunication tariff
Tender key MSC infrastructure
contracts
Environmental Objective
of MSC
Maintain a clean and safe environment
throughout the MSC.
Maintain a top quality of life and
provide a world-class working
atmosphere.
Minimize the impact of industry and
enterprises within the MSC.
Emphasize pollution-prevention
strategies rather than curative
measures.
Environmental Objective
of MSC
Incorporate economically friendly
strategies for conserving water, energy,
and recycling.
Promote the use of high-tech methods
and operations for industrial
applications.
MSC Environmental
Targets
To have a near-zero emission target.
To use solar and waste power
generation.
To use rainwater and recycled water.
To prohibit the use of hazardous
materials.
To achieve harmony with existing
topology and ecology.
MSC Environmental
Targets
To maximize space utilization without
compromising on environment.
To use automation wherever possible.