$.23 “523. As shown in Fig. P52. at the entrance to a 3-ft-wide ‘channel the velocity distribution is uniform with a velocity V. Further downstream the velocity pfofle is given by « = 4) — 2y*, where w is in ft/s and y is in ft. Determine the value of V. (2 M FIGURE Ps.22 ise the Contr! volume inclicaled by the broken lines rn the skekh abwe.- From the conservahon of mass principle ft yA,» fudd [Cy ap)b yy A, 0 ft S = 2/Y_2y?* Jb. 46 47 VGwMs [ef a wu wi ny BS$.25 5.25 Flow of a viscous fluid over a flat plate surface results in the development of a region of reduced velocity adjacent to the wetted surface as depicted in Fig. P5,25 This region of reduced flow is called a boundary layer. At the leading edge of the plate, the velocity profile may be considered uniformly distributed with a value U. All along the outer edge of the boundary layer, the fluid velocity component parallel to the plate surface is also U. If the x direction velocity profile at section (2) is i develop an expression for the volume flowrate through the edge of the boundary layer from the Jeading edge to 2 location downstream at x where the boundary layer thickness is 6. From the conservation Flow through the we have for Uacompressible, tow PUL fy 7 P=” 4) @) where L = width of the plate aud thus = 2UhS ey, zg of mass contro! volume Prena ”, 2 [evade Ay Section (2) Section () y Outer ecge of boundary leyer FIGURE P5,25 Principle applied to the Shown in the fygure30 5,30 A hypodermic syringe (see Fig. P5.20) isused to apply a vaccine. If the plunger is moved forward at the steady rate of 20 mm/s and if vac- cine leaks pass the plunger at 0.1 of the volume 7 flowrate out the needle opening, calculate the FIGURE P5.30 average velocity of the needle exit flow. The in- side diameters of the syringe and the needle are 20 mm and 0.7 mm deforms contre! Valume an Using a deforming contro! yolume and the Conservation of mass principle “CEg, $17) as outined ta Example 58> we obfan (see Ey. 8 of Example 5.8) “PAM, + 9% + Beg = 0 7 Since 2 constant, Q aa cones ata aaa we obfain from Eg. 1 WAY, = AM or Vatie (4) % ‘(4 (20mm) (20 mm/s ) - 2»! Te @/ is (27mm) C1) (BOY 5-2857. 5.7 Water flows into a sink as shown in Video V5.1 and Fig. P5.9 ‘ata rate of 2 gallons per minute, Determine the average velocity through each of the three 0.4-in,-diameter overflow holes if the drain is closed and the water level in the sink remains constant. @FIGURE P57 Q,=Q for the control volume indicated, where ay £ = 2 g4l ¢ Limi Q= 248 (es za = 0.00446 ms 3 £ = AaV Y= 6, omen® of en TE ey) 5-65.36 8.38 A 10-mm diameter jet of water is deflected by @ homoge ‘neous rectangular block (15 mm by 200 mm by 100 mm) that ‘weighs 6 N as shown in Video V5.6 and Fig. PS.36 Determine the ‘minimum volume flowrate needed to tip the block. From the free body diagram of the block when if is ready to : 2M, =0, or Ry te, = WAy where Ry is a the fore that the water puts rf on the block. Th 2.015 pp [ R= Ye BH (Em) _ogoy B® 0. Geom For the control volume shown ihe X-component of the momentym equation (up v-Ada ik cs becomes YeCWA,=-Ry or Y= This, Vv, = [228 = 3.398 : (999 B) E(o.1m)* — Hence, Q =AM= Flo.omy (2,39) = 2.66 xlo* 5-35.39 5.34 Water flows through a horizontal, 180° pipe bend as is il- lustrated in Fig. P5.39. The flow crass section area is constant at a value 0f 9000 mm?, The flow velocity everywhere in the bend is 15 m/s. The pressures atthe entrance and exitof the bend are 210, and 165 kPa, respectively. Calculate the horizontal (xand y) com ponents of the anchoring force needed to hold the bend in place, FIGURE P5.27 This analysis is similar fo the one of Exampk 5.11. A tied, non- eforming control volume that Contarns the waker within the elbed behween sechens (/)and(2)at an inzlant is used, The horizontal ‘forces acting on te contents of fhe contol volume sr the Xx andy Gidections are stown Application of the x-direction component of the Sriear momertum Cpeatier Clg.$.22) leads to R20 Application of the y-direction component of the ltnear mmenhem equation yields “MPU A GPLA = PA-Re pa, or & = RAE (Gt) + BA + RA, Thus (" “08 Meee “15 o\lism 4 usm) N ‘1000 rom 6 alee “oe Go5_ RAI 4000 mm*) ” sn Ve ares Lee x 7420 N 5-375.40 Volume, 5.40. Water flows through a horizontal bend and discharges X into the atmosphere as shown in Fig. P5:40. When the pressure gage reads 10 psi, the resultant x-direction anchoring force, Fy, Q=?—> Jn the horizontal plane required to hold the bend in place is shown on the figure. Determine the flowrate through the bend land the 9 direction anchoring force, F,, required 10 hold the ea =0'2 4? bend in place. Te flow is not frictionless eae 0 dt? EK, ate = FIGURE P5.t0 A cntel volume that contains the bend and thewaler within the bend between sections (1) and (2) as shown in the sketch above is used. Application of the X~ direction component of the linear momentum eguation yields © gage - 4, Q — V, cos 48° p= pA; Ft BA cs 15° a a = a ot ys & Eg. | becomes 2 ° - &e Qeasts 4, A, e or ter part Cad ~PAL + Fax cop 4s” (Seat Ay Qs slugs YI e.s* wets +, (194 ge X shag. Fb Ont ORE vv IF 2 " 3 S > aie Ceon't ) 5-385.40 | (con't) for part (b) we use te y-direction component of the lineay momentum eguation to get = V sings” = & sin 45° 9Q Fe V, 310 45 ea 7 a ? or Gane ee ra sin'ts f a nd a . lw x (2.01 #) sings” (199 Ea ¢ bs ) el | cae ing 795.42 5#2 Water enters the horizontal, circular cross-sectional, sudden ‘contraction nozle sketched in Fig. P5.42.at section (1) with a uni- formly distributed velocity of 25 ft/s and a pressure of 75 psi. The ‘water exits from the nozzle into the atmosphere at section 2) where the uniformly distributed velocity is 100 ft/s. Determine the axial component of the anchoring force required to hold the contraction in place. BFIGURE P84 For this problem we inclade th the Control volume the nozzle as well as the water at an instant bebwen sections (ijand(Z)as indicated th the sketch above. The horizontal forces acting on the contents of the corbrel volunne art. showin in the sketch. Note that the atmospheric forces cancel out and ave not shown. Application of the horizontal or x. divection camponent of the Jinear momentum equation (éy. 5.22) to the flow through this comtral volume yields -u,puA, + Wy pu,A,= FA-F- RA, @ From the conservation of mass egnatin ( &%. 5.127 we obtain 044, 2 pu, An Tous €4.0)) may be éxphssed as rn (4q- 4.) * 24, - RAs Es PA-BA, + (nyu) = A a “BALE putt Pi (iy) a 5 ee - ob- Crag 2) p47 sot ast ies sh Mt fae a or 1 7 b f= 322Sb SM Water flows steadily from a tank mounted on a cart as ‘Shown in Fig. PSB, After tho water jet leaves the nozzle of the tank, it falls and strikes a vane attached to another cart. The ‘car's wheels are frictionless, and the fuid is inviscid. (8) De- termine the speed of the water leaving the tank, Vand the water speed leaving the cart, V(b) Determine the tension in rope 4. (€) Dotermine the tension in rope B. a) From Eq. 3:18 we get B® FIGURE PS.46 V,=V2gh, = l2(9.81 2) (2m) = g26 = b) For Cv, , the linear momentum equation leads to Vpvindd = ZF, he af Yew As Ta Re * LS*) = Be (62s gx a (or gfe’) (goer) = TAN = 7 ©) For CV, , the linear momentum equation leads tb § Vetman = ZF, ns Vea A = Ty @ From £4,318 we get Vs [29 (hh) = 2(a.B1g) (¢ m+ 2m) = 10.8 Also , from conservation of mass a= @, Vee or VAL= YA, $0 Eq. (1) becomes Ye, = Te . af LN (0.8 299 t)(626 (oon ( Lee 54dS47 547 Determine the magnitude and direction of the anchoring force needed to hold the horizontal elbow and nozzle combination shown in Tig. P5.#7 in place. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. The age pressure at section (1) is 100 kPa. At section (2), the water ex- its to the atmosphere. a2 mi FIGURE 98.47 The control volume shown 1m the sketch above is used. Applicahon of the y divecton component of the Imear momentum equation yields re Application of the x drection ear momentum ~ equation leads HU@uA,- wpemr, = RAR + RAL From the conservation of mass equation moe pu, = Pu Ar Thus a a - = pur Atpa, = 24 A 7D yO), R= PAA (444) 4 BATRA = peli pe) ager or Mle 2) 4 aime 2) + 2 ‘ ai fants] ¢ W00-ka) % 300mm). (foo N mmf! mae and # (100 me¥\ ms RL =5.49 2 Cy CK (2. Assis 544 Water flows as two free jets from the tee atiched to the pipe “S¢"!™ g'e = ob ST shown in Fig, P5.49. The exit speed is 15 m/s. If viscous effects fe ‘and gravity are negligible, determine the xand y components of the = force that the pipe exerts on the tee. BPIGURE F549 : Use the Control volume shown. Fey the x-component of the force exerted by the pipe on the tee we use the x- component of the linear momentum eguation « MUA HPA, PA, Bhs” aA Ay )t Os Pah (Bae ea Mor Bah )#& aa + F (0) Te get vy we use conservation of mass @,= AQ, +t As or AV, = AV, t+ Az Vs so VY = Met Male 2 CMI) s (OSM YIEM) 2g 4, Jon To estimate pa, we use Bernoulli's egvishon for flow betwen (endl) Paase a Wi) 2 Rage + i] ea tee a ayia? (pes) Poa 9 OA) (8 fers 0g a - 500 LL Bgage 7 #0, 500 2h Now using &.U1) we get: i +) [egy fn yin) BNO Nea tooY ge) (12500 © Vim) + F or -72 ons x so Fi, = 12,00.N <— For Phe y compontat- of the tore. excrlect by Hie pipe on the te we use tly Y Component bE Ft [inter momentum epuahin fo get : Key 422 leg omg Yiagy(oan) ~ eaoen f=, B-#e