Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber

BuckyPaper Composites for

Multifunctional Applications

Discovery Development Demonstration

Dr. Ben Wang, Research

Director
on Behalf of HPMI Students,
Staff and Faculty

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 Atomic Structures of Carbon

Graphite

Diamond

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 Single-walled nanotubes
Diameter ~ one nanometer (one billionth
of a meter)
Or 50,000 times smaller than a human hair
Pound for pound, 500 times stronger than
steel

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 Single-walled nanotubes

Strongest fiber ever been made

Electrical conductivity of copper or silicon
Thermal conductivity higher than
diamond

Dr. Richard Smalley, 1996 Nobel Laureate

Can these wonderful properties be

realized in bulk materials?

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 Direct Mixing of SWNTs in Resin

Poor dispersion
Low SWNT loading
SWNTs tendency to
form big ropes Nanotubes Direct mixing

Interface chemistry
between SWNT and
epoxy not well
understood Test results

Lack of orientation
Sample
fabrication

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 The BuckyPaper Approach
Surfactant Alignment with magnetic forces
And porosity
control Buckypaper
S N
fabrication and 3
characterization
2

Functionalization
Nanotube source
4
selection and S N
characterization

Nanoscale modeling
7

Bulk nano-structured
materials
High nanotube 5
loading
6
Alignment
Easy handling

Testing and Composite material

characterization fabrication
 Magnetic Alignment
of Nanotubes

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 The National High Magnetic Field Lab Has the
Largest Selection of Magnet Technologies and
the Most Powerful Magnets in the World

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 9x9 VGCNF/SWNT BuckyPaper

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 Random vs. Aligned SWNT BuckyPapers

2m

Random vs. Aligned BuckyPaper Composites

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 Electrical and
Thermal Properties

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 More Alignment, Less Electrical Resistivity

Electrical Resistivity Anisotropy Ratio

10 10
9 9
Resistivity parallel to B

8 8
(X 10 -4 ohm-cm)

7 7

Anisotropy
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
5 10 17.3 5 10 17.3
Magnetic field strength (T) Magnetic field strength (T)

Resistivity Parallel to Magnetic Field Perpendicular / Parallel Ratio

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 Getting Ready for EMI and Lightning Strike
Resistance Testing

Structural foam with two layers of aligned Carbon fiber composite with two layers of aligned
BuckyPaper skin for EMI testing BuckyPaper skin for lightning strike resistance

Two layers of 4 x 6 BuckyPaper

600 mg of SWNT in total

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 Random BuckyPaper Composite Is More Effective in Reducing
Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) Than Other Samples

Baseline

Foam

Aligned BP

Random BP
10 dB/
Division
Baseline
Foam Control
Aligned Buckypaper on Foam
Random Buckypaper on Foam

200 230 260 290 320 350 380 410 440 470 500
Mhz

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 SWNT/MWNT/Nanofiber/GFRP Structures
0

one-layer MWNT
buckypaper
two-layer MWNT
-5 buckypaper
one-layer nanofiber
buckypaper
two-layer nanofiber
buckypaper
-10
Transmission Loss, dB

one-layer buckypaper

two-layer buckypaper

control panel
-15

-20

-25

-30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Frequency, GHz

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 Lightning Strike Protection: Aligned BP
Composites Performed Better than
Random BP and Carbon Fiber Composites

Alignment
Direction

Discharge Path

Aligned BuckyPaper
Lightning strike tests: 6.4 x 70 microsecond Over Foam
double exponential current pulse and a
maximum current level of 20 kA
Random BuckyPaper Over Foam

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 Thermal Management Is One of the Most
Critical Technical Challenges in Industry
140
125
117
120

100
79
80
W/mK

60 56

40

20

0
Brass Aligned BP Steel Random BP

Brass Is Much Heavier Than Nanotube BuckyPapers

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Acceleration of 3D Thermal Management/Structural
Multifunctional Applications with Ultra-Lightweight
BuckyPaper Nanocomposites

Thermal management for

aerospace electronic
circuit boards and devices

Enclosure Cold Wall

Thermal management of high
Wedgelock
Multilayer Printed
Circuit Card temperature parts and sub-systems

Integrated Circuits
Multilayer Printed
Planar Heatsink Circuit Card

Lightweight and highly efficient

directional thermal channels/heat sinks Aligned SWNT BuckyPapers can be impregnated with a resin
matrix and directly incorporated into a device and structure

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 Structural
Thermoplastic
electrical EMI shielding
nanocomposites
composites
High
Coefficient of Thermal
Thermal Structural
performance Multi-scale
thermal management
management electrical
composites reinforcement
expansion composites
Structural
Mechanical High
LOCAAS wing
performance
electrical
properties
composites composites

Lightning
Structural
MEMS
Sensors Smart
BP/SMP strike
electrical
applications materials
composites protection
composites

MEMS &
Modeling
Actuators
applications
simulation

From Nanotubes and BuckyPapers to Devices and Systems

2m

Accelerating Tech Insertion of Nanotube Products

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 Nobel Laureate Dr. Smalley interacts
with HPMI graduate students and
faculty at a nanotech conference

Nobel Laureate Sir Harry

Kroto visits HPMI

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 Thank you!
Dr. Ben Wang, Research Director
on Behalf of HPMI Students, Staff
and Faculty

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