Introduction

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 Highway Cross Section Elements

Principal Elements Marginal Elements

Travel Lanes (Carriageways) Roadside Barriers
Shoulders Curbs
Medians Gutters
Guard Rails
Sidewalks
Side (cross) slopes

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 Typical Cross Section of Rural
Road

Highway Engineering, Tonias, D.

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 Typical Cross Section of Rural
Road

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 Typical Cross Section of Urban
Road

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 Typical Cross Section of Urban
Road

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 Travel Lanes
In general, the number of travel lanes should be based on
the design traffic volume and level of service.
No. of travels lanes in both directions are usually equal.
Travel lanes generally range in width from 10 to 13 ft.
(3 to 3.95 m).
Typically is 12 ft (3.65 m)
Under extreme circumstances, a width of 9 ft (2.75 m) may
be used.

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 Shoulder
Shoulders usually range in width from 2 ft (0.6 m) for minor
local roads. (6 to 8 ft 1.8 to 2.44 m- is preferred) to 12 ft
(3.65 m) for major highways.
Typical cross slope is 3% for paved shoulders and 5% for
unpaved shoulders .

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 Medians
A median is a wide strip of a highway used to separate
traffic traveling in opposite directions.
Offer a recovery area for errant vehicles
Provide an area for emergency stopping
Serve as a safe waiting area for left-turning and U-turning
vehicles
Decrease the amount of headlight glare
Allow for expansion to future lanes

Medians can be Flushed Depressed- Raised.

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 Moscow, Idaho UI Campus
Sharja, UAE

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 Medians

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 Cross (Side) Slope
The slope selected generally depends on the type of
pavement used.
Typical cross slope of 1.5 to 3% is recommended.
Cross slopes greater than 2% should be avoided (for
safety).

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 Curbs
A curb is a raised element that is used, among other things,
to denote the edge of a roadway.
Functions of curbs
Drainage control
Roadway edge delineation
Enhanced appearance
Right-of-way reduction
Delineation of pedestrian walkways
Reduction of maintenance operation
Types of curbs:
Vertical curbs -- discourage vehicles from leaving the roadway,
not desirable on high-speed highways, desirable on urban
roads, and along long walls, tunnels to protect safety walks.
Sloping curbs -- vehicle can cross them readily when required,
used at median edges, to outline channelizing islands, at the
outer edge of the shoulder.
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 Curbs
Barrier Curbs
The purpose of a barrier curb is to prevent or limit the possibility of
a vehicles leaving the roadway.
A general rule of thumb is that barrier curbs should not be used
when the design speed is greater than 40 mph.

Mountable Curbs
A mountable curb offers the advantage that a vehicle can cross it
when necessary.

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 Sidewalks
Sidewalks are an integral part of city roads, sometimes
provided in rural areas.
In residential areas the sidewalk width varies between
1.2 to 2.4 m.

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 Roadside Barriers & Guard rails

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 Right of Way