Abortion

-is the expulsion of the fetus from the mothers womb. It is the process of ending pregnancy so it does not
result in the birth of a baby. In other world, of is the termination of pregnancy. Abortion should be carried out as
early as in the pregnancy, usually before 12 weeks and ideally before 9 weeks as possible.

Kinds of Abortion

1. Spontaneous Abortion -termination of pregnancy brought by natural causes.

Miscarriage- It is sometimes called spontaneous abortion or kunan, this kind of abortion is not a criminal
act if theres no intent at all for it to happen, which is where the pregnancy is lost or ends naturally.
However if through carelessness or lack of sufficient caution or care, it happens then this is completely
different matter.

2. Induced Abortion-termination of pregnancy caused by a human agent without any relation to natural physical
causes.

A. Theraputic/ Direct abortion- Termination of pregnancy for medical reason by a physician after due
consultation with the patient.

Health risk to the mother: Personal circumstances, including the risk of the welfare of the child
such as a high chance the baby will have a serious abnormalities either genetic or physical: If there
is substantial risk that the child would be bon with mental disabilities

B. Criminal Abortion- The termination of pregnancy induced by physicians, irregular practitioners or

laymen at the request of patient without any medical reason to be offered in justification.

Hilot a traditional way induced abortion through massaging a womans stomach and pushing out
the fetus.

C. Indirect abortion- the termination of pregnancy caused by the physicians treatment of a gravely ill
pregnant woman whose treatment will inevitably result in the death of the fetus. Indirect abortion naturally
surfaces whenever the malice of abortion is discussed. Moralist have involved the principles of double
effect, especially when it concerns a mother with an ectopic pregnancy or cancerous uterus. The prevailing
moral opinion seems to be that such an act is licit, if the physician, having done all he could to save both
mother and fetus, determined he could not save both, but could save the mother if the fetus were removed
surgically. The rationale is that such an act does not truly deprive the fetus the right to live since it has
already no chance to survive.

Methods of Abortion

1. Suction Aspiration

2. Dilation and curettage

3. Saline Injection

4. Hysterotomy

5. Prostaglandin Chemical Abortion

6. RU-486 (Abortion Pill)

There are two different kinds of reasons or justifications of abortion: The first group will be called "first order
reasons"; the second "second order reasons."

1. First order reasons -are reasons of justifications which may plausibly justify an abortion.

i. Rape

ii. Endangerment of the Womans Life

iii. Serious Mentally or Physically Disabled Fetuses

2. Second order reasons -are reasons of justifications which are, in comparison to first order reasons, less suitable in
providing a strong justification for abortion.

i. Financial and Social Reasons