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ISSN (Online) No:

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH


REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING UNIFIED POWER


QUALITY CONDITIONER
DHILNA T
PG Scholar, Department of EEE,
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,
Hosur - 635109, Tamilnadu, India.
dhilna1992@gmail.com

NARAYANAPPA.S
Professor, Department of EEE,
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering,
Hosur - 635109, Tamilnadu, India.
narayanprajawal@gmail.com

Abstract
For economic operation of power system the level of power quality should be
properly maintained. This paper deals with a Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC) for current and voltage perturbations compensation in a power distribution
network. The system proposes PI controller for series inverter and hysteresis current
controller for shunt inverter. The performance of UPQC is implemented in
MATLAB/Simulink and simulations results are obtained depicting the power quality
improvement in the system.
Keywords - Custom Power Device, voltage sag, voltage swell, Total harmonic
distortion ,UPQC
I. INTRODUCTION

The growing use of power electronic equipment has made us to focus on power
quality. Nowadays, due to proliferation of voltage-sensitive load equipment in
industrial sector industrial processes are much more affected with the degradation in
the quality of power supply. Voltage sag is very hazardous to control/digital
equipment in process industry. A UPQC is a Custom Power Device (CPD) used as the
most cost effective active solution for voltage sag mitigation as well as current related
perturbations.
In [1] the author presents a simplified control algorithm of a
three-phase Series Active Power Filter as Power Quality
Conditioner( SAPF) compensates supply voltage unbalance and
harmonics in such a way that they do not reach the load end
resulting in low THD at the load voltage. The series APF is realized
using a three phase, three leg voltage source inverter . In [2]

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

authors describes the Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR), its functions,


configurations, components, operating modes, voltage injection
methods and closed-loop control of the DVR output voltage along
with the device capabilities and limitations. In [5] discusses the
various control algorithms of DSTATCOM. The manner in which the
power quality issues are mitigated by the converter are also
explored. In [3] proposed reactive power control theory for three-
phase systems with or without neutral wire, and it is valid for both
steady state and transients.

In [9] the authors also explained the physical meaning of


instantaneous reactive power and proposed instantaneous reactive
power compensator comprising switching device without energy
storage was proposed. In [4] authors suggests a new control
method to compensate the power quality problems through a three-
phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) under non-ideal
mains voltage and unbalanced load conditions. The performance of
proposed control system was analyzed. The proposed UPQC system
can improve the power quality at the Point of Common Coupling
(PCC) on power distribution system under non-ideal mains voltage
and unbalanced load conditions. In [7] authors modelled a UPQC for
both active and reactive power compensation using different control
strategies. The behaviour of UPQC has been analyzed with sudden
switching of R-L loads, and R-C loads as well as occurrences of
different shunt faults. The control scheme has been devised using PI
controller in UPQC for real and reactive power control, and operation
in case of switching and faults in transmission systems.

In this proposed system, UPQC consists of two voltage-source


inverters with a common dc link designed in three phase four-wire
configurations. One inverter is controlled as a variable voltage
source in the series Active Power Filter . The other inverter is
controlled as a variable current source in the shunt Active Power
Filter . The series APF compensates for voltage supply
disturbances .The shunt APF converter compensates for load current
distortions and reactive power, and perform the dc link voltage
regulation. The series capacitor enables reduction in DC-link voltage requirement
of the shunt active filter and simultaneously compensating the reactive power required
by the load, so as to maintain unity power factor, without compromising its
performance. The simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB and detailed
results are presented in the paper.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

The UPQC is a hybrid APF which can mitigate voltage and current related power quality
problems simultaneously. UPQC consists of 2 IGBT based VSI, one shunt and one series
cascaded by a common dc bus. The shunt inverter is connected in parallel with the load. The
output current of shunt converter is adjusted using a dynamic hysteresis
band by controlling the status of the semiconductor switches such that
output current follows the reference signal and remains in a
predetermined hysteresis band. The series inverter is connected in series with
AC line through a series transformer and acts as a voltage source to
mitigate voltage distortions by injecting suitable voltage whenever the supply
voltage undergoes sag. Control of the series inverter output is performed by
using pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques in generating the injected voltage. Thus
UPQC improves the power quality by preventing load current harmonics and by correcting
input power factor. Fig.1 shows system block diagram of a three-phase UPQC.

Fig.1 System block diagram

(A)Control System for Series Inverter

A simple control methodology of Pulse Width Modulation(PWM )is


developed to control the series inverter control . The series
component of UPQC is controlled to inject the appropriate voltage
between the point of common coupling (PCC) and load, such that
the load voltages become balanced, distortion free and have the
desired magnitude. The series filter is controlled such that it injects
v v v dvrc
voltages( dvra , dvrb , ) ,which cancel out the distortions
v sa v sb , v sc
present in the supply voltages( , ) thus making the
v la v lb , v lc
voltages at the load terminal ( , ) perfectly balanced and
sinusoidal with the desired amplitude. To generate injected voltages,
supply voltage signals are compared with the distorted source
voltage and these signals are then given to the PWM controller . The
output of the PWM controller controls the six switches of the VSI of

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

the series inverter and generates the switching signals such that
the voltage at the load becomes the desired sinusoidal reference
voltage.

(B)Control System for Shunt Inverter

Hysteresis current controller is used to generate PWM signal for


operation of VSI. The instantaneous reactive power (p-q) theory is
used in order to generate reference signal for shunt APF. In this
theory, the instantaneous three-phase currents and voltages are
transformed to -0 coordinates as shown in equation(1) and
(2)

[ ]
1 1 1
2 2 2 V

[]
v0
v
v
= 2
3
1

0
1
2
3
1
2
3
[]sa
V sb
V sc
(1)

2 2

[ ][ ]
1 1 1
2 2 2 i

[]
i0


la
i 2 1 1
= 1 i lb (2)
3 2 2
i i
0
3 3 lc
2 2

[ ][ ]
v0 0 0 i

[]
p0
p =
0 v v i (3)
q 0 v v i 0

[ ]
i c
i c = [
v v
( 2+ v 2)
v v ][
p + p loss

q ] (4)
1

The basic implementation of hysteresis control is based on deriving


the switching signals from the comparison of the current error with a

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

fixed tolerance band. This control is based on the comparison of the


actual current with the tolerance band around the reference current
associated with that phase. The reference line current of the active

if
power filter is and actual line current of the active power filter
abc

if
is abc
.The hysteresis band current controller decides the switching
patterns of the devices in the shunt APF. The switching logic is
formulated as :

If i fa i fa + HB then bottom switch is turned ON whereas top switch is turned OFF (
'
S a 0, S a=1 ) .If i fa i fa HB then top switch is turned ON whereas bottom
'
switch is turned OFF ( S a 1, Sa =0 ) in leg a of the APF. Similarly, the
switches in the legs b and c are activated. Here, HB is the width
of the hysteresis band around which the reference currents.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS


The developed model of UPQC in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is shown
in Fig.3.The shunt active power filter compensates current disturbances
and also maintains the dc link voltage to reference value. While series
active power filter compensates voltage related problems for maintaining
required load voltage. The simulation results under voltage sag and swell
condition are presented.

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

Fig 2: Implementation of UPQC in MATLAB

(A) Simulation Results Under Voltage Sag Condition


To analyze the performance of UPQC during voltage sag conditions,
the voltage source is assumed sinusoidal and contains no harmonic.
At instant 0.2sec. a sag(30%) is introduced to the supply voltage
which lasts till the instant 0.5sec. During the voltage sag condition,
the series inverter injects an in-phase voltage (30%) equals to the
difference between the desired load voltage and actual source
voltage.

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

Fig 3: Source voltage

Fig 4: Load voltage

Fig 5: Load current

Fig 6: THD in Load current

(b)Simulation results for voltage swell condition


A sag of 30% is considered in all phases of the the terminal voltages which
starts from
0.2 secs and ends at 0.5 secs. The load voltages are maintained to the
desired voltage using series active filter.

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

Fig 6: Source voltage

Fig7:Load voltage

Fig 8: Load current

IV.CONCLUSION
The main objective of the paper was to investigate the power conditioning capabilities of the
UPQC. The instantaneous reactive power (p-q) theory control strategy has been
executed to reduce the voltage sag and voltage swell. The Shunt Active Filter is implemented
with the hysteresis band current controller because of its fast transient response and
simplicity of implementation. Total Harmonic Distortion in the load current is found to be
0.17% .The performance of the UPQC is evaluated through MATLAB / SIMULINK
environment using Simpower Systems toolbox.

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

REFERENCES

[1] M. A.Chaudhari and Chandraprakash,Three-Phase Series Active


Power Filter asPower Quality Conditioner, IEEE International
Conference on Power Electronics,
Drives and Energy Systems, Dec. 2012, pp. 1-6.

[2] Shazly A. Mohammed, Aurelio G. Cerrada, Abdel-Moamen M. A,


and B. Hasanin,Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) System for
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[3] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, A. Nabae , Generalized Theory of the


Instantaneous
Reactive Power in Three Phase Circuits, in Proc. IPEC-Tokyo83 Int.
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[4] Metin Kesler and Engin Ozdemir, A Novel Control Method for
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[5] A. Banerji, S. K. Biswas, B. Singh, DSTATCOM Control Algorithms:


A Review, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive
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[6] J. Nielsen, M. Newman, H. Nielsen, and F. Blaabjerg, Control and testing of a


dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) at medium voltage level, IEEE Transactions on
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[7] Sai Shankar, Ashwani kumar and W. Gao Operation of Unified
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[9] J. Barros and J. Silva, Multilevel optimal predictive dynamic voltage restorer,
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International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page
ISSN (Online) No:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
REVIEW IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
(IJRREM)

[10]V. Khadkikar, P. Agarwal, A. Chandra, A.O. Bany and T.D.Nguyen ,


A Simple New Control Technique For Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC), IEEE
International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Sept.
2004,pp. 289 293.

International Journal of Research Review in Engineering and Management


(IJRREM) Volume -1, Issue -2, Feb -2017 Page No: 53-60 Page

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