Name:______________________________________________ Date:________________ Period:____

Ch. 16, 12, 17 Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Electrochemistry Review

1. For which process is S negative?
a) evaporation of 1 mol of CCl4(l)
b) mixing 5 mL ethanol with 25 mL water
c) compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 atm to 0.5 atm
d) raising the temperature of 100 g Cu from 275 K to 295 K
e)grindingalargecrystalofKCltopowdert

2. The balanced equation for the reaction of bromate ion with bromide in acidic solution is given by:
BrO+ 5Br + 6H+ 3Br2 + 3H2O
At a particular instant in time, the value of [Br]/t is 2.0 103 mol/L s. What is the value
of [Br2]/t in the same units?
a) 1.2 103
b) 6.0 103
c) 3.3 103
d) 3.3 105
e) 2.0 103

3. A 100-mL sample of water is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter. When 1.0 g of an ionic solid is
added, the temperature decreases from 21.5C to 20.8C as the solid dissolves. For the
dissolving of the solid
a) H < 0
b) Suniv > 0
c) Ssys< 0
d) Ssurr > 0
e)noneofthese

4. What is the oxidation state of Hg in Hg2Cl2?

a) +2 b) 1 c) 2 d) +1 e) 0

5. Which statement below is not upheld by the second law of thermodynamics?

a) The change of entropy of the universe is always positive.
b) The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero.
c) Machines always waste some energy.
d) A machine is never 100% efficient.
e)Allofthese

6. Which of the following shows a decrease in entropy?

a) precipitation
b) gaseous reactants forming a liquid
c) a burning piece of wood
d) melting ice
e)twoofthese
7. Consider the reaction: 4NH3 + 7O2 4NO2 + 6H2O
At a certain instant the initial rate of disappearance of the oxygen gas is X. What is the value of
the appearance of water at the same instant?
a) 1.2 X
b) 1.1 X
c) 0.86 X
d) 0.58 X
e)cannotbedeterminedfromthedata
8. The following data were obtained for the reaction of NO with O2. Concentrations are in
molecules/cm3 and rates are in molecules/cm3 s.
[NO]0 [O2]0 Initial Rate
1 1018 1 1018 2.0 1016
2 1018 1 1018 8.0 1016
3 1018 1 1018 18.0 1016
1 1018 2 1018 4.0 1016
1 1018 3 1018 6.0 1016
Which of the following is the correct rate law?
a) Rate = k[NO][O2]
b) Rate = k[NO][O2]2
c) Rate = k[NO]2[O2]
d) Rate = k[NO]2
e) Rate = k[NO]2[O2]2

9. Which energy conversion shown below takes place in a galvanic cell?

a) electrical to chemical
b) chemical to electrical
c) mechanical to chemical
d) chemical to mechanical
e) mechanical to electrical

10. The reaction of (CH3)3CBr with hydroxide ion proceeds with the formation of (CH 3)3COH.
(CH3)3CBr(aq) + OH(aq) (CH3)3COH(aq) + Br(aq)
The following data were obtained at 55C.
[(CH3)3CBr]0 [OH]0 Initial Rate
Exp. (mol/L) (mol/L) (mol/L s)
1 0.10 0.10 1.0 103
2 0.20 0.10 2.0 103
3 0.10 0.20 1.0 103
4 0.30 0.20 ?
What will the initial rate (in mol/L s) be in Experiment 4?
a) 3.0 103
b) 6.0 103
c) 9.0 103
d) 18 103
 e) none of these

11. Which of the following shows a decrease in entropy?

a) precipitation
b) gaseous reactants forming a liquid
c) a burning piece of wood
d) melting ice
e)twoofthese

12. Ssurr is _______ for exothermic reactions and ______ for endothermic reactions.
a) favorable, unfavorable
b) unfavorable, favorable
c) favorable, favorable
d) unfavorable, unfavorable
e) cannottell

13. S is _______ for exothermic reactions and ______ for endothermic reactions.
a) favorable, unfavorable
b) unfavorable, favorable
c) favorable, favorable
d) unfavorable, unfavorable
e)cannottell

14. Tabulated below are initial rate data for the reaction
2Fe(CN)63 + 2I 2Fe(CN)64 + I2
Initial
Run [Fe(CN)63]0 [I]0 [Fe(CN)64]0 [I2]0 Rate (M/s)
1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 105
2 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 2 105
3 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 8 105
4 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 8 105
5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 8 105
The experimental rate law is:
a) = k[Fe(CN)63]2[I]2[Fe(CN)64]2[I2]

b) = k[Fe(CN)63]2[I][Fe(CN)64][I2]

c) = k[Fe(CN)63)]2[I]

d) = k[Fe(CN)63][I]2

e) =k[Fe(CN)63][I][Fe(CN)64]

15. Tabulated below are initial rate data for the reaction
 2Fe(CN)63 + 2I 2Fe(CN)64 + I2
Initial
Run [Fe(CN)63]0 [I]0 [Fe(CN)64]0 [I2]0 Rate (M/s)
1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1 105
2 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 2 105
3 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 8 105
4 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 8 105
5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 8 105
The value of k is:
a) 107 M5 s1
b) 103 M3 s1
c) 10 M2 s1
d) 50 M2 s1
e) none of these

1621. A general reaction written as 1A + 2B C + 2D is studied and yields the following data:
[A]0 [B]0 Initial [C]/t
0.150 M 0.150 M 8.00 x 103 mol/L s
0.150 M 0.300 M 1.60 x 102 mol/L s
0.300 M 0.150 M 3.20 x 102 mol/L s

16. What is the order of the reaction with respect to B?

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4

17. What is the order of the reaction with respect to A?

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4

18. What is the overall order of the reaction?

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4

19. What is the numerical value of the rate constant?

a) 0.053
b) 1.19
c) 2.37
d) 5.63
e) none of these (a-d)

20. Determine the initial rate of B consumption ([B]/t) for the first trial?
a) 8.00 x 103 mol/L s
b) 1.60 x 102 mol/L s
c) 3.20 x 102 mol/L s
d) 4.00 x 103 mol/L s
e) none of these

21. Determine the initial rate of C production ([C]/t) if [A] = 0.200 M and [B] = 0.500 M ?
 a) 4.74 x 102 mol/L s
b) 2.37 x 101 mol/L s
c) 1.19 x 101 mol/L s
d) 8.23 x 102 mol/L s
e) none of these (a-d

2223. Consider the galvanic cell shown below (the contents of each half-cell are written beneath each
compartment):

Pt Cr

0.50 M Br2 0.20 M Cr3+

0.10 M Br
The standard reduction potentials are as follows:
Cr3+ + 3e Cr(s) E = 0.73 V
Br2(aq) + 2e 2Br E = +1.09 V
22. What is E for this cell?
a) 1.82 V
b) 0.36 V
c) 4.75 V
d) 1.79 V
e) 4.40 V

23. Which of the following statements about this cell is false?

a) This is a galvanic cell.
b) Electrons flow from the Pt electrode to the Cr electrode.
c) Reduction occurs at the Pt electrode.
d) The cell is not at standard conditions.
e) To complete the circuit, cations migrate into the left half-cell and anions migrate into the
right half-cell from the salt bridge.

24. The following questions refer to the following system:

3Ag(s) + NO3(aq) + 4H+ (aq) 3Ag+(aq) + NO(g) + 2H2O(l)
Anode reaction: Ag Ag+(aq) + le E = 0.799 V
+
Cathode reaction: NO3 (aq) + 4H (aq) + 3e NO(g) + 2H2O(l) E = 0.964 V

Determine the standard cell potential.

a) 1.763 V
b) 0.165 V
c) 1.422 V
d) 1.433 V
e) 2.403 V
[IGNORE] 25. If the current is 10.0 amperes, how long will it take to deposit 100 102 grams of Cr(s)
onto the bumper?
a) 10.3 h
b) 1.29 days
c) 309 min
d) 76.3 s
e) 2 mo, 25 days, 14 h, and 6 s

26. If a constant current of 5.0 amperes is passed through a cell containing Cr3+ for 1.0 hour, how
many grams of Cr will plate out onto the cathode? (The atomic mass of Cr is 51.996.)
a) 0.054 g
b) 9.7 g
c) 3.2 g
d) 1.5 g
e) 93 g

27. Determine G for the following reaction:

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Substance Gf
CH4(g) 50.7
O2(g) 0
CO2(g) 394.4
H2O(l) 237.4
a) 207.7 kJ
b) 106.3 kJ
c) 817.9 kJ
d) 130.4 kJ
e) 943.1 kJ
2832. Consider the reaction
2N2O5(g) 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
at 25C for which the following data are relevant:
H S
N2O5 11.29 kJ/mol 655.3 J/K mol
NO2 33.15 kJ/mol 239.9 J/K mol
O2 ? 204.8 J/K mol

28. Calculate H for the reaction.

a) 110.02 kJ
b) 21.86 kJ
c) 21.86 kJ
d) 115.20 kJ
e) 155.20 kJ

29. Calculate S for the reaction.

a) 89.5 J/K
b) 249.2 J/K
c) 453.8 J/K
d) 249.2 J/K
e) 115.6 J/K

30. Calculate G for the reaction at 25C.

a) 135 kJ
b) 98.7 kJ
c) 25.2 kJ
d) 11.2 kJ
e) 0

31. Which of the following is true for this reaction?

a) Both H and S favor the reactions spontaneity.
b) Both H and S oppose the reactions spontaneity.
c) H favors the reaction, but S opposes it.
d) H opposes the reaction, but S favors it.
e) The reaction cannot occur at room temperature.

32. The reaction is allowed to proceed until all substances involved have reached their equilibrium
concentrations. Under those conditions what is G for the reaction?
a) 135 kJ
b) 98.7 kJ
c) 25.2 kJ
d) 11.2 kJ
e) 0
 Free Response Questions

CLEARLY SHOW THE METHOD USED AND THE STEPS INVOLVED IN ARRIVING AT YOUR
ANSWERS. It is to your advantage to do this, since you may obtain partial credit if you do
and you will receive little or no credit if you do not. Attention should be paid to significant
figures. Be sure to write all your answers to the questions on the lined pages following
each question in the booklet with the pink cover. Do NOT write your answers on the
green insert.

1. AgNO3(s)Ag+(aq)+NO3(aq)
ThedissolvingofAgNO3(s)inpurewaterisrepresentedbytheequationabove..
(a) IsGforthedissolvingofAgNO3(s)positive,negative,orzero?Justifyyouranswer.
signofG=();sincethedissolvingofsilvernitrateisspontaneous,thenG<0
(b) IsSforthedissolvingofAgNO3(s)positive,negative,orzero?Justifyyouranswer.
signofS=(+);anincreaseinentropyoccurswhenasolidbecomesaqueousandtheproducts
containmoreparticlesthanthereactants.
(c) ThesolubilityofAgNO3(s)increaseswithincreasingtemperature.
(i) WhatisthesignofHforthedissolvingprocess?Justifyyouranswer.
signofH=(+);anendothermicprocesswillbefavoredwhenthetemperatureisincreased.
(ii) Istheansweryougaveinpart(a)consistentwithyouranswerstoparts(b)and(c)(i)?Ex
plain. yes;G=HTS,asthetemperatureincreasestheTS
termwillincrease,keepingGnegative.

ThecompoundNaIdissolvesinpurewateraccordingtotheequationNaI (s)Na+(aq)+I(aq).Someof
theinformationinthetableofstandardreductionpotentialsgivenbelowmaybeusefulinanswering
thequestionsthatfollow.
Halfreaction E(V)
O2(g)+4H++4e2H2O(l) 1.23
I2(s)+2e2I 0.53
2H2O(l)+2eH2(g)+2OH 0.83
Na++eNa(s) 2.71
(d) Anelectriccurrentisappliedtoa1.0MNaIsolution.
(i) Writethebalancedoxidationhalfreactionforthereactionthattakesplace.
2II2(s)+2e

(ii) Writethebalancedreductionhalfreactionforthereactionthattakesplace.
2H2O(l)+2eH2(g)+2OH

(iii) Whichreactiontakesplaceattheanode,theoxidationreactionorthereductionreaction?
anode=oxidation
(iv) All electrolysis reactions have the same sign for G. Is the sign positive or negative? Justify
your answer.
signG=(+);bydefinition,anelectrolysisisanonspontaneousprocessandrequirestheinput
ofenergytogetittoproceed.
2.
5Br(aq)+BrO3(aq)+6H+(aq)3Br2(l)+3H2O(l)
Inastudyofthekineticsofthereactionrepresentedabove,thefollowingdatawereobtainedat298K.
Experi Initial Initial Initial Rateof
ment [Br] [BrO3] [H+] Disappearanceof
(molL1) (molL1) (molL1) BrO3(molL1s1)
1 0.00100 0.00500 0.100 2.50104
2 0.00200 0.00500 0.100 5.00104
3 0.00100 0.00750 0.100 3.75104
4 0.00100 0.01500 0.200 3.00103
(a) Fromthedatagivenabove,determinetheorderofthereactionforeachreactantlistedbelow.
Showyourreasoning.
(i) Br
1st orderwithrespecttoBr;inexperiments1and2,adoublingofthe [Br] resultsinthe
doublingoftheinitialrate,andindicationof1storder
(ii) BrO3
1storderwithrespecttoBrO3

(iii) H+
2ndorderwithrespecttoH+

(b) Writetheratelawfortheoverallreaction.
rate=k[Br]1[BrO3]1[H+]2

(c) Determinethevalueofthespecificrateconstantforthereactionat298K.Includethecorrect
units.
2.50x104=k(0.00100)(0.00500)(0.100)2
k=5000mol3L3s1

(d) Calculatethevalueofthestandardcellpotential,E,forthereactionusingtheinformationinthe
tablebelow.
Halfreaction E(V)
Br2(l)+2e2Br(aq) +1.065
BrO3(aq)+6H+(aq)+5e1/2Br2(l)+3H2O(l) +1.52

E=1.52+1.065V=0.455V
(e) Determinethetotalnumberofelectronstransferredintheoverallreaction.

the overall reaction can be made by reversing the first half-reaction and multiplying by 2.5,
therefore, there are 5 electrons transferred.

3.
2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l)
In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, energy is produced by the overall reaction represented above.
(a) When the fuel cell operates at 25C and 1.00 atm for 78.0 minutes, 0.0746 mol of O 2(g) is
consumed.CalculatethevolumeofH2(g) consumedduringthesametimeperiod.Expressyour
answerinlitersmeasuredat25Cand1.00atm.

volumeofH2=(2)(mol.O2)(molarvolume@25C)=(2)(0.0746mol)(24.45Lmol1)=3.65L

(b) Giventhatthefuelcellreactiontakesplaceinanacidicmedium,
(i)writethetwohalfreactionsthatoccurasthecelloperates,

O2(g)+4H+(aq)+4e 2H2O(l) E=+1.23V (ii)cathodereaction

2H2(g) 4H +
(aq)+4e E=0.00V
(iii)cellpotential= 1.23V

(ii)identifythehalfreactionthattakesplaceatthecathode,and

(iii)determinethevalueofthestandardpotential,E,ofthecell.

(c) Calculatethecharge,incoulombs,thatpassesthroughthecellduringthe78.0minutesofoperation
asdescribedinpart(a).
4mole 96500coul
0.0746 mol O2 = 28,800 coul.
1molO 2 1mole