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10 Geological models
Conventionally, the results of geological and it must be possible to assign differently types
geophysical data collection are presented in 2D of information as attributes to the geological
geological maps, profiles and thematic maps. This body and the program must be able to
is adequate only, if effects of the three calculate the variation of the attributes in the
dimensional structure of the underground are not 3D space
important for the problem to be solved. Buried
valleys, however, have a pronounced 3D
the program must be able to produce two
structure, therefore a 3D framework (Barnett et
dimensional maps and profiles
al. 1998, Kassenaar et al. 2003) is well-suited for
integrating the results of large scale surveys like
those, which have been performed in the BurVal the program must be able to produce 3D
pilot areas (see Chap. 5). Digital 2 and 3D visualisations of an integrating nature
geological modelling including both geological
and geophysical data is currently increasing in the program must have user friendly
disciplines such as petroleum, mining and interfaces and export facilities to
hydro-geology (e.g. Hinsby & Binzer 2001, groundwater modelling software.
Chambers & Brown 2003, Rasmussen 2004a,b,
Apel 2006).
Such a 3D-framework can vary from simple 4.10.1 Procedure for the development of
conceptual models which describe the rough 3D- a Geological 3D model
geological set-up of an area up to very complex
digital models, not only showing the distribution The flow diagram to establish a 3D model is
of geological layers but also taking into account shown in Figure 4.10.1. The steps to be
rock properties and changes in time. Depending performed are data preparation, data import,
on the requirements of a project a wide range of surface model, body model, and presentation.
commercially available digital tools for the
purposes of geological 3D-modelling exist, which
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Fig. 4.10.2: Examples of 1D and 2D data of different origin (drilling results, geological cross sections, isoline
maps) which can be imported.
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4.10 Geological models
Data preparation
Data import
Fig. 4.10.3: Example of a surface model.
The checked data from the various data sources,
e.g. geological surveys, institutions, companies
and various databases often have quite
heterogenous formats. Hardly any software is
able to import all these different data formats.
Therefore all data have to be changed to a
common proper format before being imported.
Almost all known 3D programs allow a data
import of at least the ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange) format.
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4.10 Geological models
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