Terpenoid

Farmakognosi 1
A.Eka Purnama Putri
2015
Mengapa perlu mempelajari
terpenoid?
 Monoterpen
C10 (2 unit isopren)
 Camphor
Cinnamonum camphora.T. Nees & Ebermeier,
(Lauraceae)
 Eucalyptol

Eucalyptyus globulus Labill,

(family Myrtaceae)
Fungsi: ekspectoransia, obat batuk dan
bronkitis, anastetik, antiseptik.
 Menthol
Mentha piperita Linn., (family Labiatae.)
Fungsi : mouth washes, toothpastes,
flavouring agent for chewing gums, candies,
throat lozenges and also certain mentholated
cigarettes.
 Sesquiterpen
C15 (3 Unit isopren)
Artemisia annua : Sebagai anti malaria: Blood schizontoside,
non toxic to human
 Parthenolide

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) (Asteraceae)

Fungsi: antipyretic or febrifuge.
 Matricarin

Source : Matricaria chamomillaL., and Artemnisia

tilesii Ledeb, belonging to family Compositae.
uses : Chamomile the most popular herbal tea in the United
States because of its definite anti-inflammatory and
antipasmodic therapeutic properties.
Sebagai insektisida: menyerang sistem saraf,
biodegradable dan tidak toksis thdp mamalia

Crysanthemum cinerareafolium
 Diterpen
Source :plant or fungal, marine organisms.
Characteristic Features
(a) Most of them are carboxylic compounds
having upto five aromatic rings.
(b) Certain members of this class are acyclic
compounds,
 Colforsin

root of Coleus forskohlii, Briq., belonging to

family Labiatae.
Uses :glaucoma and hypertension, congestive
cardiomyopathy,bronchial asthma
Meningkatkan sirkulasi darah perifer dan serebral

Ginkgolides A,B, C and M have

been shown to check the platelet
activating factor (PAF) thereby
preventing the
bronchoconstriction,
hypotension, cutaneous
vasodilatation and finally the
release of inflammatory
compounds.
Mekanisme aksi:
1. Meningkatkan toleransi hipoksia pada otak
2. Meningkatkan memori: kemungkinan terkait dengan aktivitas
ginkgolida A, B, C, dan bilobalide sebagai antagonis kompetitif reseptor
GABA
3. Efek perlindungan terhadap syaraf
4. Membantu keseimbangan
5. Antioksidan
Sebagai anti kanker
1. Taxol sebagai anti mitotik berikatan dengan mikrotubule, mendukung
penggabungan dengan tubulin, dan menstabilisasinya selama pembelahan sel,
menghambat proliferasi sel
2. Berikatan dengan protein dalam proses apoptosis
 Triterpenoids

The triperpenoids may be categorized into two major groups,

namely: the tetracyclic and the pentacyclic compounds
Triperpenoids, generally are obtained by biogenesis from six
isoprene units, They are found to share commonly the acyclic
precursor squalene (C30).
 Tetraterpenoids and Carotenoids

yellow, orange, red and purple colours are

mostly by virtue of the presence
of carotenoids.
The essentially consist of an important group
of C40 tetraterpenoids.
there are two specific regions in a living plant
wherein the biogenesis of carotenoids usually
occur, namely: chloroplasts and
chromatophores of bacteria and fungi.
Licopen
 Function carotenoids :
photosynthetic pigments;
photoprotective agents;
membrane stabilization substances.
 Volatile oil
Volatile oils are the odorous and volatile
products of various plant and animal species
Aktivitas Biologis Minyak Atsiri

Bagi tumbuhan:
Penyebaran
Perkembangbiakan
Bagi manusia:
Parfum/pewangi
Antimikroba
Aromaterapi
Komponen toksis minyak atsiri

Safrol dari minyak sassafras (destilasi uap kulit

akar Sassafras albidum) digunakan sebagai bahan
pembuatan ectasy

31
 Resins and Resin Combinations

Resins, in general, are

amorphous solid or semisolid
substances that are invariably
water insoluble but mostly
soluble in alcohol or other
organic solvents.
the resins and resinous
substances are more or less
extensively distributed
throughout the entire plant
kingdom, specifically
the Spermatophyta i.e., the
see.d plants
 Oleoresins

Oleoresins are homogenous mixtures of resins

and volatile oils
Example :Capsaicin, Turpentine.
 Oleo Gum Resin
The oleo-gum-resins are the naturally
occurring mixture of resin, gum, volatile oil.
 Turmeric
from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn. (Curcuma
domestica Valeton) belonging to the natural
order Zingiberaceae.
Uses :colouring agent for ointments,a tonic, as an
anthelmintic and finally as an aid to digestion.
Terima kasih